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Chapter 12 - Dealing with Union and Employee–Management Issues

Dealing with Union
and Employee–
Management Issues
what’s new in this edition

chapter
12 =
12.3
brief chapter outline and learning goals 12.3
lecture outline and lecture notes 12.5
PowerPoint slide notes 12.45
lecture links 12.65

lecture link 12-1: THE COMPLICATED LEGACY OF HENRY FORD 12.66
lecture link 12-2: UNION UPROAR IN WISCONSIN 12.67
lecture link 12-3: ADDITIONAL LABOR–MANAGEMENT TACTICS 12.67
lecture link 12-4: RESHAPING THE UNION TO SAVE THE UNION 12.68
lecture link 12-5: UNIONS TURN TO THE SERVICE INDUSTRY FOR GROWTH 12.69
lecture link 12-6: REVAMPING EXECUTIVE PAY 12.70
lecture link 12-7: THE MALE EMPLOYMENT DROUGHT 12.71
lecture link 12-8: RECESSION INCREASES WORKPLACE SUICIDES 12.71
lecture link 12-9: EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS 12.72
12-1
critical thinking exercises 12.73

critical thinking exercise 12-1: ARE UNIONS GOOD OR BAD FOR BUSINESS? 12.73
critical thinking exercise 12-2: UNION NEGOTIATIONS 12.74
critical thinking exercise 12-3: EXECUTIVE PAY WATCH 12.76
bonus cases 12.77

bonus case 12-1: DO RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS HELP STATES? 12.77
bonus case 12-2: PENSION PLANS UNDER ATTACK 12.79
what’s new in
this edition
additions to the 10th edition:

• Getting to Know David Stern, Commissioner of the National Basketball Association
• Name That Company: Bright Horizons
• Subsection Public Sector Union Membership in section Labor Unions from Different Perspec-
tives
• Subsection Union Organizing Campaigns with reorganized discussions of NRLB and EFCA add-
ed in section Labor Legislation and Collective Bargaining
• Spotlight on Small Business: The Triangle Fire
• Legal Briefcase: Executive Pay Remains on the Rise
• Video case
revisions to the 10th edition:

• Text was revised to eliminate redundancy and tighten discussions.
• Statistical data and examples throughout the chapter were updated to reflect current information.
• Discussion of unions’ recent status revised in section Employee–Management Issues.
deletions from the 9th edition:

• Getting to Know Roger Goodell, commissioner of the National Football League
• Name That Company: James P. Hoffa
• Reaching Beyond Our Borders
12-2
• Legal Briefcase
• Spotlight on Small Business
brief chapter outline

and learning goals
12
chapter
Dealing with Union and
Employee–Management Issues
Getting To Know DAVID STERN of THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL
ASSOCIATION (NBA)
I. EMPLOYEE–MANAGEMENT ISSUES
learning goal 1
Trace the history of organized labor in the United States.
II. LABOR UNIONS FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES

A. The History of Organized Labor
B. Public Sector Union Membership
learning goal 2
Discuss the major legislation affecting labor unions.
III. LABOR LEGISLATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

A. Union Organizing Campaigns
learning goal 3
Outline the objectives of labor unions.
B. Objectives of Organized Labor over Time
C. Resolving Labor–Management Disagreements
D. Mediation and Arbitration
12-3
learning goal 4
Describe the tactics used by labor and management during conflicts, and discuss the role of
unions in the future.
IV. TACTICS USED IN LABOR–MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS

A. Union Tactics
B. Management Tactics
C. The Future of Unions and Labor–Management Relations
learning goal 5
Assess some of today’s controversial employee–management issues, such as executive com-
pensation, pay equity, child care and elder care, drug testing, and violence in the workplace.
V. CONTROVERSIAL EMPLOYEE–MANAGEMENT ISSUES

A. Executive Compensation
B. Pay Equity
C. Sexual Harassment
D. Child Care
E. Elder Care
F. Drug Testing
G. Violence in the Workplace
VI. SUMMARY
12-4
Getting to Know DAVID STERN of THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL

ASSOCIATION (NBA)
Over his three decades with the NBA, Stern has led the league to huge growth from local
ticket sales to globalization. Labor issues, however, have been a sore spot. Stern has presided
over five employee lockouts. As of this writing, he is teetering on his sixth.
As the number of women in the workplace began growing rapidly about 25 years ago,
this company recognized that providing child care benefits would be a real advantage
for companies. Today, it is the largest provider of child care at worksites, operating
about 700 child care centers for 400 companies including 90 companies in the Fortune
500. Name that company.
(Students should read the chapter before guessing the company’s name: Bright
Horizon)
I. EMPLOYEE–MANAGEMENT ISSUES
A. The relationship of employees and their managers
has always been complex.
B. A UNION is an employee organization whose main
goal is representing its members in employee–
management negotiation of job-related issues.
1. Public sector unions have been in the news re-
cently.
2. PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS represent govern-
ment employees like teachers, firefighters, and
police.
3. Workers originally formed unions to protect them-
selves from intolerable working conditions and
unfair treatment.
4. Labor unions are largely responsible for minimum
12-5
PPT 12-1
Chapter Title
PPT 12-2
Learning Goals
(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.45.)
PPT 12-3
Learning Goals
PPT 12-4
David Stern
PPT 12-5
Name That Company
PPT 12-6
Organized Labor
PPT 12-7
Public Sector Labor Unions
12-6
wage laws, child-labor laws, and other significant

worker benefits.
5. However, unions have failed to regain their previ-
ous power, and membership declined.
6. REASONS FOR UNION DECLINE:
a. Some suggest that global competition, the shift
to a service economy, and changes in man-
agement philosophy have caused the decline.
b. The decline may also be because objectives
have been achieved.
learning goal 1
Trace the history of organized labor in the United States.
II. LABOR UNIONS FROM DIFFERENT PERSPEC-

TIVES
A. Your opinion about unions usually depends upon
which side of the management fence you are on.
B. Most historians generally do agree on the reason un-
ions were started in the first place.
1. The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION moved workers
out of the field and into the factories.
2. Workers learned that STRENGTH THROUGH
UNITY (unions) could lead to improved job condi-
tions, better wages, and job security.
3. But some argue that for organized labor the real
issue of protecting workers has become second-
ary.
4. Critics also argue that the current legal system
and management philosophy reduce the risk of
unsafe or oppressive conditions.
12-7
PPT 12-8
Public Sector Jobs
lecture link 12-1

Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903,
THE COMPLICATED LEGACY OF producing an inexpensive, all-purpose car, the model T.
HENRY FORD Throughout its history the company’s dealings with the union
were complex and contradictory. (See the complete lecture
link on page 12.65 in this manual.)
PPT 12-9
Goals of Organized Labor
critical thinking
This exercise asks the student to consider unions from both
exercise 12-1
the manager’s and the union member’s perspective. (See com-
ARE UNIONS GOOD OR BAD plete exercise on page 12.73 of this manual.)
FOR BUSINESS?
12-8
C. THE HISTORY OF ORGANIZED LABOR

1. As early as 1792, CORDWAINERS (shoemak-
ers) met to discuss labor issues in Philadelphia.
a. The cordwainers were a CRAFT UNION, that
is, an organization of skilled workers in a par-
ticular craft or trade.
b. A craft union usually met to achieve a specif-
ic goal and then disbanded.
2. The Industrial Revolution changed the economic
structure of the U.S.
a. With the Industrial Revolution intensified, la-
bor problems were NO LONGER SHORT
TERM.
b. Workers who failed to produce lost their jobs.
c. The average workweek in 1900 was 60
hours.
d. Wages were low, child labor existed, and un-
employment benefits were nonexistent.
e. There was a need for an organization that
would attack LONG-TERM PROBLEMS
such as child labor and subsistence wages.
3. The first national labor organization was the
KNIGHTS OF LABOR formed by URIAH SMITH
STEPHENS in 1869.
a. It included employers as well as workers, and
promoted social, labor, and economic caus-
es.
b. After they were blamed for the Haymarket
12-9
PPT 12-10
History of Organized Labor
SPOTLIGHT ON
small
business
(Text page 327)
PPT 12-11
The Triangle Fire
PPT 12-12
Emergence of Labor Organizations
12-10
Square bombing in 1886, the Knights of Labor

fell from prominence.
4. The AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
(AFL) was formed in 1886 under the leadership of
SAMUEL GOMPERS.
a. The AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
(AFL), an organization of MANY INDIVIDUAL
CRAFT UNIONS, championed fundamental
labor issues.
b. An unauthorized committee in the AFL began
to organize workers in INDUSTRIAL UNIONS,
labor organizations of unskilled and semi-
skilled workers in mass-production industries
such as automobiles and mining.
5. When the AFL rejected these unions, JOHN LEW-
IS, president of the UNITED MINE WORKERS
UNION, formed a new, rival organization.
a. The CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANI-
ZATIONS (CIO), a union organization of un-
skilled workers, broke off from the AFL in 1935
and rejoined it in 1955.
b. Membership in the CIO soon rivaled that of
the AFL.
c. The AFL and CIO struggled for power in the
labor movement until the TWO ORGANIZA-
TIONS MERGED in 1955 under the leader-
ship of GEORGE MEANY.
d. Recently, the AFL-CIO’s influence has weak-
ened but it’s trying to regain strength.
12-11
PPT 12-13
Industrial Unions
12-12
e. In 2005 seven unions left the AFL-CIO and

formed a coalition called Change to Win.
6. The AFL-CIO maintains affiliations with 56 na-
tional and international labor unions and has
about 12.2 million members.
D. PUBLIC SECTOR UNION MEMBERSHIP
1. For the first time, 7.6 million of the 14.7 million
union members work in the government.
2. Unfortunately, huge state and local revenue
losses have put pressure on governments to cut
wages and benefits.
3. Today, at least 17 states are trying to restrict un-
ion rights.
learning goal 2
Discuss the major legislation affecting labor unions.
III. LABOR LEGISLATION AND COLLECTIVE

BARGAINING
A. The growth and influence of organized labor in the
U.S. has depended on two major factors: the LAW
and PUBLIC OPINION.
1. The NORRIS-LAGUARDIA ACT paved the way
for union growth.
a. It prohibited employees from using contracts
that forbid union activities.
b. A YELLOW-DOG CONTRACT is a type of
contract that requires employees to agree as
a condition of employment not to join a un-
ion; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act.
2. The NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT (or
12-13
PPT 12-14
Public Unions
lecture link 12-2

Cash-strapped states are struggling with budget cuts and
UNION UPROAR IN WISCONSIN public unions. (See the complete lecture link on page 12.66 in
this manual.)
PPT 12-15
Effects of Laws on Labor Unions
TEXT FIGURE 12.1 This text figure shows the five major federal laws that have
Major Legislation Affecting Labor– had a significant impact on labor unions’ activities.
Management Relations
(Text page 329)
12-14
WAGNER ACT) provided legal justification for un-

ion activities.
a. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING is the process
whereby union and management representa-
tives form a labor–management agreement, or
contract, for workers.
b. The Wagner Act expanded labor’s right to col-
lectively bargain.
B. UNION ORGANIZING CAMPAIGNS
1. The Wagner Act also established the NATIONAL
LABOR RELATIONS BOARD (NLRB), to over-
see labor–management relations.
a. CERTIFICATION is the formal process
whereby a union is recognized by the NLRB
as the bargaining agent for a group of em-
ployees.
b. DECERTIFICATION is the process by which
workers take away a union’s right to represent
them.
c. The Wagner Act provided clear procedures for
both.
learning goal 3
Outline the objectives of labor unions.
C. OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIZED LABOR OVER TIME

1. Union objectives change over time due to shifts in
social and economic trends.
a. Throughout the 1980s, objectives shifted to
JOB SECURITY and UNION RECOGNITION.
b. The 1990s and early 2000s also focused on
12-15
PPT 12-16
Collective Bargaining and the
Public Sector
PPT 12-17
Forming a Union in the Workplace
TEXT FIGURE 12.2 This text figure describes the steps involved in a union-
Steps in Union-Organizing and organizing campaign leading to certification.
Decertification Campaigns
(Text page 330)
critical thinking This exercise simulates the negotiations that occur between
labor and management in reaching a contract agreement. (See
exercise 12-2
UNION NEGOTIATIONS complete exercise on page 12.74 of this manual.)
PPT 12-18
Why Join a Union?
12-16
job security, but the biggest issue is GLOBAL

COMPETITION.
c. The AFL-CIO opposed the North Atlantic Free
Trade Association (NAFTA) in 1994 and the
Central American Free Trade Agreement
(CAFTA) fearing union workers would lose
jobs to nations with LOWER LABOR COSTS.
d. Organized labor has strongly opposed the in-
crease in offshore outsourcing.
2. The NEGOTIATED LABOR–MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENT (the LABOR CONTRACT) is the
agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the
terms under which management and labor agree
to function over a period of time.
3. COMMON ISSUES IN LABOR–MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENTS
a. A UNION SECURITY CLAUSE is a provision
in a negotiated labor–management agree-
ment that stipulates that employees who ben-
efit from a union must either join or pay dues
to the union.
b. A CLOSED SHOP AGREEMENT was a
clause in a labor–management agreement
that specified workers had to be members of
a union before being hired (was outlawed by
the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947).
c. The UNION SHOP AGREEMENT is a clause
in a labor–management agreement that says
workers do not have to be members of a un-
12-17
PPT 12-19
Labor–Management Agreements
TEXT FIGURE 12.3 This text figure gives a list of topics commonly negotiated
Issues in a Negotiated Labor– by labor and management during contract talks.
Management Agreement
(Text page 331)
PPT 12-20
Union Security Agreements
TEXT FIGURE 12.4 This text figure explains four common types of union
Different Forms of Union agreements.
Agreements
(Text page 332)
12-18
ion to be hired, but must agree to join the un-

ion within a prescribed period.
d. The AGENCY SHOP AGREEMENT is a
clause in a labor–management agreement that
says employers may hire nonunion workers;
employees are not required to join the union
but must pay a union fee.
4. The TAFT-HARTLEY ACT gave states the right to
pass right-to-work laws.
a. Twenty-two states have passed RIGHT-TO-
WORK LAWS that give workers the right, un-
der an open shop, to join or not join a union if it
is present.
b. An OPEN SHOP AGREEMENT is an agree-
ment in right-to-work states that gives workers
the option to join or not join a union, if one ex-
ists in their workplace.
5. Future labor negotiations will include issues such
as job security, child and elder care, offshore out-
sourcing, immigration policies, etc.
D. RESOLVING LABOR–MANAGEMENT DISAGREE-
MENTS
1. The negotiated agreement becomes the basis for
union–management relations.
2. Labor and management do not always agree on
the interpretation of the labor–management
agreement.
3. If such a disagreement cannot be resolved, a
grievance may be filed.
12-19
PPT 12-21
Right-to-Work Laws
bonus case 12-1 A major debate has been, Does passage of right-to-work laws
DO RIGHT-TO-WORK LAWS make a difference in a state’s economy? (See the complete case,
HELP STATES? discussion questions, and suggested answers beginning on page
12.77 of this manual.)
PPT 12-22
States with Right-to-Work Laws
TEXT FIGURE 12.5
States with Right-to-Work Laws
(Text page 332) (See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.52.)
PPT 12-23
Resolving Disagreements
12-20
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At last the young man said: “Don’t say such bad things of Wus; if you
do, harm will come to you.”
“How can Wus harm me?” asked the old man. “I have lived a long
time, and nobody has been able to harm me,” and he kept abusing
Wus.
Old woman Tsmuk cried; she thought Wus was a nice-looking man,
and she didn’t want to hear him abused. She spread around mats
and blankets, and Wus and his wife went in and sat down.
“Why does your mother cry?” asked Wus.
Tsmuk heard this and it made him mad. He screamed to his wife:
“Put that man off by himself! He smells badly; he will spoil all our
seeds and roots!”
Wus didn’t listen to his father-in-law. He said: “I wonder if I could find

any game if I went hunting?”
“My brothers hunt,” said his wife, “but they never catch anything.”
Wus didn’t want to hunt; he wanted to torment his father-in-law. As

soon as he was a little way from the house, he turned into a fox. One
of his brothers-in-law was outside; he saw the fox, and called: “Look!
a fox is coming.”
Old Tsmuk said: “That is not a fox; that is your brother-in-law. You
see what kind of a man he is!” And he scolded the son who had
been at Wus’ house.
Wus caught a sackful of mice, carried them to the house, and sent
his mother-in-law outside to roast them.
“What smells so badly?” asked old Tsmuk.

“Mother is roasting mice,” said the youngest son.
“Are you going to eat mice?” the second brother asked the youngest.
“Yes. Are you going to stay with father?”
“No,” said the second brother. “I don’t like his way.”
“Then you must eat some of those mice.”
They ate together. Wus spoke to his father-in-law, but the old man
didn’t answer.
“Are you going to be mad all the time?” asked Wus.
“Yes,” said old Tsmuk. “I don’t want you for a son-in-law. I think you
are bad; that you are dirty.” [134]
“Why do you think so?”
“Because you are not a person; you are not a man.”
Wus asked again: “Are you going to be mad all the time?”
“Yes. You have no sense. I don’t like you; you smell badly.”
Wus asked the third time: “Are you going to be mad all the time?”
“Yes. I want you to go to your own place; I hate you.”
“In which direction can you see farthest?” asked Wus.
“I can see far off in any direction I like.”
“What do you see when you look straight east?” asked Wus.
Old Tsmuk looked toward the east. That moment Wus made a great
wind come from the west. The old man’s body melted like snow, and
right away he turned into a black cloud, and the wind blew him off
toward the east. Wus said: “Hereafter, old man, you will have no
sense. You will no longer be a person. You will be darkness, and
people will sleep when you come; but I shall never sleep when you
are here. I shall sleep in the daytime and travel when you come.
People will call you Tsmuk, and will do evil when you are around.
They will steal, and will kill one another, for you are bad, and will give
them bad thoughts. I asked you three times if you were mad, asked
you not to be mad.”
The son said to his father: “From quarreling with my brother-in-law

you are no longer a person. I thought you had power, but you hadn’t.
You were calling Wus what you were yourself. I don’t care for you
any longer. I like Wus.”
Wus said to his brothers-in-law: “You will come to my country and

live with me always.” To his wife he said: “I am taking you from
Darkness; now you will change feelings. I will give you the water of
life. When we get to the house, you must go in first, drink the water
you find there, and give some to each one of your brothers and to
your mother; it will change your minds. As you travel, go straight
ahead; don’t look back. If the wind comes from the east, you must go
around it. Old Tsmuk has tried to beat me in many ways; maybe he
will try again.” [135]
When they got to Wus’ house, the young woman went in and gave
water to her mother and to her brothers. As they drank, they seemed
to open their eyes, they had good feelings, felt light.
Wus said to his wife: “Off on a high mountain I have an old

grandmother; her name is Wuswelékgăs; I am going to see her.”
When he started, he began to sing. The old woman heard his song,
and said: “My grandson is coming.”
Wus traveled fast; he went like a spirit, and right away he was there.
He thought: “I will cheat her.” Then he said: “Grandmother, I have
lost my mind; this world has made me lose it. When I slept, Gäk
woke me up, and I hadn’t my mind.”
His grandmother said: “I was afraid Tsmuk would kill you.”
“No,” said Wus. “I have turned Tsmuk to a cloud and driven him
away. But he may try to beat me yet; that is why I came to tell you to
take care of yourself.”
“How can I take care of myself? I shall be hungry,” said the old
woman.
“I will show you where there are mice,” said Wus, and he took her to
a field where there were lots of them. She was glad, for she would
always have plenty to eat.
When Wus started home, he began to sing. His wife said: “Wus is
coming,” and she pounded roots for him to eat.
When Wus got to the house, his brother-in-law asked: “Will you go
with me to hunt deer on the mountain?”
Wus said: “I always hunt on the flats; I never go to the mountain.”
The brother-in-law went to the top of a high mountain, and when

night came he camped there. Wus hunted on the flat and came back
with plenty of mice. When he got home, his wife had another child.
Wus kept awake for five days and five nights; his brother-in-law
didn’t come home.
Wus’ wife said: “I feel badly. I am afraid something has happened to
my brother.”
Wus said: “I know which way he went; I will track him.”
He started out and soon found his brother-in-law lying under [136]a
tree. “What is the matter?” asked Wus. “Why don’t you come home?
Your sister feels badly; she thinks that you are lost.”
“My toe nails have fallen out,” said the young man; “I was going to
stay longer, but I will go with you.”
Wus knew that he had been thinking about his father, and he felt
sorry for him. When they got home, Wus said to his wife: “I am going
to a swimming pond on the mountain; maybe I will have a good
dream about my brother-in-law. Maybe I will find out what is going to
happen.”
Wus couldn’t forget his brother-in-law; he felt lonesome. He sang all

the way up the mountain, then he piled stones and worked till
morning. At daylight he fixed a bed of dry grass and lay down and
slept. He dreamed that he heard his brother-in-law say: “I am going
away from you; I shall never come back. I am going to stay lost.”
When Wus woke up, he was crying. He was sorry that he had come
to the mountain to dream. When he got home, his wife was painted.
She said: “We can eat now; the baby is five days old. You must put
red paint on your face.”
Wus painted his face, then he sat down and ate. When he got up, he
said to his brother-in-law: “While I was on the mountain, I had a
dream. I heard you say that you were going away, that you would be
a person no longer.”
The young man was angry; he scolded Wus for going to the
mountain.
Wus said: “I will go away myself, then you can stay here; I will
change to an animal, but I will keep a little of my mind.” Wus left his
wife and children and wandered off,—a fox.
The wife cried; the brother-in-law felt ashamed; he scolded her, and
said: “Throw the children out; I don’t want them around here.” The
mother said: “Wus told me to keep the children.”
“I won’t have them here,” said her brother, and he threw them out.
The mother screamed. Wus heard her and put his head to the
ground to listen. Soon he heard his children coming—they were little
foxes. He waited for them, and asked: “What is the trouble?” [137]
“Our uncle threw us out.”
Wus didn’t know what to do; he thought a while then said: “You must
live with my grandmother, old Wuswelékgăs; she will take care of
you. I am going to the end of the world. You mustn’t tell her where I
am.” He took the children part way, then pointed out the old woman’s
house and left them.
Old Wuswelékgăs was glad to have the boys, for she was lonesome.
“Where is your father?” asked she.
“We don’t know,” said the elder boy.
She didn’t believe him and she kept asking the same question till at
last he said: “My father has lost his mind and gone off. He said that
we would never see him again.” Then the boy told her how his father
went to a swimming pond on the mountain and had a bad dream,
and their uncle threw them out.
The old woman felt badly; she asked the earth to give her grandson
his mind. She roasted mice for the boys and showed them how to
play with bows and arrows. One day, when the younger boy was
eating, and was crying for his mother, he got choked with a mouse
bone. The grandmother tried to get it out of his throat, but she
couldn’t, and the child died.
The next day old Wuswelékgăs buried the body and covered it with
ashes and stones. That night she begged the earth to give her
grandson his mind again. She said: “He is off on a mountain at the
edge of the world. You used to have power and strength; now bring
back my grandson’s mind.”
Wus heard his grandmother’s voice and it gave him some strength.
He was only bones; there was no flesh on his body. He started, went
a little way, then sat down and rested. He was too weak to go far.
Every evening old Wuswelékgăs called: “My grandson, my

grandson! where are you now?” And she kept asking the earth to
give back his mind. She talked to Wus, and said: “When you were a
child you went to the great mountain and it gave you power. Now you
must go again, and you will get strength. The mountain will give you
your mind.”
Wus heard this and grew strong. He went to the top of

[138]Wewékeni, and lay there five days and five nights. He thought: “I
shall get my mind back here. I am lying on the head of Wewékeni. I
am lying where all living things get their mind. I shall get my mind
from the head of this mountain.” He was glad. He talked loud, and as
he talked he looked toward the west, then toward the east, and told
how he suffered. He looked north and then south; he talked all the
time, asked for power. His mind came back to him a little at a time.
Then he asked in the same way for flesh to come on his body. He
heard his grandmother say: “Your little boy is dead. You must come
and see the only boy you have.” Before he started, Wus spoke to the
mountain, and said: “You are my mountain. I thank you for giving me
back my mind.”
When the boy saw his father, he felt lonesome.
The grandmother asked: “Why are you lonesome?”
“I am thinking of my little brother.”
“Don’t think of him; think of your father,” said the old woman.
The next day Wus remembered his first cousin, Kaiutois. He wanted
to see him. His grandmother didn’t want him to go; she said: “Why
do you leave me? I thought you would stay here always.”
Wus said: “I must go; I don’t feel well here.”
“There will be many bad places along the road,” said the old woman.
“You will meet Wekómpmas. He carries great stones on his back; he
has dug deep holes around his house, and when a man falls into one
of them, he throws stones on to him and kills him.”
Wus wouldn’t stay; he wasn’t afraid. He started off and soon he met
Wekómpmas, a big, old man. In his house he had five yans 2 hung
up; they were his medicine, and he didn’t let any one touch or go
near them. Just as Wus met him, Wekómpmas turned and ran home;
he felt that some one had touched his medicine.
Two men went to Wekómpmas’ house; one was a fool. He talked

smart and felt smart, but always did foolish things. Those men saw
the yans, and the foolish one said: “Let’s [139]eat them. Old
Wekómpmas says they are medicine. I don’t believe it. If we eat
them and they make us vomit blood, we shall know.”
Wekómpmas’ sister tried to stop them, but couldn’t. As soon as they
had eaten one yan, she climbed a tree near the house and drew up
her child. Then she listened for her brother.
When he came he called out: “Where are my yans? Where are my

yans?” He killed the two men, then he scratched his arms with his
nails and sucked his own blood. Right away he was a man-eater. He
killed all the people around and ate them. Then he started off to find
others to kill and eat. As he traveled he looked in at every smoke
hole, but he found only empty houses, for everybody had heard of
him and had run away. In only one house did he find a living person.
In the house at the edge of a village was a woman with but one leg.
She sat inside making a basket. When Wekómpmas looked down
the smoke hole, he was glad, and said: “She doesn’t see me! Now I
will have something to eat!”
But Nátcaktcókaskĭt had seen him, for she had an eye on the top of
her head. Just as he was going to throw a stone down and kill her,
she took her cane, and, with one hop, went far away, turned into a
bug as small as a louse, and crawled under the rocks.
Wekómpmas tried to get her; he punched the ground with a stick,

turned everything over; but Nátcaktcókaskĭt was a medicine woman,
and he couldn’t find her.
As Wus traveled around, he came to a village where all the people

were crying. “Why are you crying?” asked Wus.
“There is a terrible man-eater in this country; he destroys whole

villages. He will kill and eat us.”
“I will meet him,” said Wus. “Give me strings to tie back my hair, and
don’t make any noise.”
Women gave him bark strings; as he tied his hair back with them,
they turned into beaded bands.
Old Wekómpmas was coming along through a low place at the foot
of a hill. Wus took off his own skin, filled it with grass, and put his
mind in the end of the nose. He left his body in a damp place where
it wouldn’t dry up, then his skin [140]and mind ran off to meet
Wekómpmas. As he got near, the old man put down his stone, and
asked: “Where are you going?”
“I am just traveling around,” said Wus. “Where are you going?”
“I am going around the world,” said the old man, and he began
sucking the blood out of his arms, he was so glad that he was going
to have something to eat.
Wus asked: “What are you doing?”
“Come and lie down on this hole,” said Wekómpmas.
“Why should I do that?” asked Wus.
“It’s a game.”
“Will you lie down when I get up?” asked Wus.
“Yes.”
Wus stretched himself across the hole, and said: “I think you will hit
me!”
“No, this is the way we are going to play.” The old man raised his
stone and struck Wus on the back, but it didn’t hurt him, for his body
wasn’t there. He jumped up, and said: “Now lie down here, old man.
I am in a hurry; I want to go.”
Wekómpmas lay down and Wus struck him a terrible blow, smashed
him to pieces, then he said: “Hereafter people will pound roots and
dried meat with you. You will no longer be a person; you will be a
stone pounder (pestle).”
Wus went to his body, sprinkled his skin with water, got it moist and
soft, and put it on; then he went to the house of the one-legged
woman. He sat on one side of the fire, she sat on the other side.
Wus and Nátcaktcókaskĭt were the only people left in that village.
She fed him roots and seeds. While he was eating, he cried, for he
had no home, and he was thinking where he could go. While he was
crying, he fell asleep.
The woman fixed him a nice place, then she woke him up and said:
“You must sleep here where I have fixed you a place. Why do you
think about leaving me? Whoever comes to me can never go away.”
Wus said: “When I came here I didn’t think I would find anybody
alive.” [141]
“What do you think now?” asked the woman.
“I think that I shall have to stay here.” Nátcaktcókaskĭt was glad; she
said: “We will raise many children.”
The next morning Wus said: “I will go to the mountain and bring
home some dried deer meat I left there.”
“I will go with you,” said the woman.
Wus looked at her leg, and asked: “How can you go?”
That made her laugh. She said: “I have traveled all my life on one
leg. You must go ahead; I always travel alone. As soon as you are
on the mountain and ready to pick up the meat, I will be there.”
Wus ran all the way. When Nátcaktcókaskĭt thought he was there,
she took her cane, and with one hop came down at his side. Wus
was scared, but right away he thought: “How shall we carry all this
meat?”
Nátcaktcókaskĭt knew his thoughts; she said: “You must make a big
bundle of the meat; then go home as fast as you can. I will take care
of the bundle.”
She put the bundle on her back and with one hop was at home.
The next morning Wus killed a deer and made himself a cap out of
the skin of its head. He looked far off around the country, but he
couldn’t see any one. The world seemed empty, and he felt
lonesome. He went home, and lay down by the fire.
His wife said: “I told you not to think of anything, not to be lonesome.
You have been feeling sorry for the world because so many are
dead. You are lonesome.”
The next day Wus killed five deer and brought them all home on his
back. Nátcaktcókaskĭt had made them light. He thought: “Where
shall I put them; there is no room in the house.”
The woman said: “Put them down; there will be plenty of room.” And
there was.
That day Nátcaktcókaskĭt had two children, a boy and a girl. She
washed them, then took ashes from the fire, and rubbed them. While
she rubbed the children they grew fast. In a few days they were
running around. [142]
Wus made the boy a bow and arrows out of big blades of dried
grass. The mother said: “That is not right; there are bad thoughts in
those things.”
The next day the woman had two more children, and not long after
two more. She had children every few days, and always two at a
time. Soon the house was full of children. They played together and
were happy, but the mother was sorry that their father had made
them arrows for playthings. She knew that trouble would come from
them; that the children would get to quarreling and fighting.
The house was crowded. Wus had to hunt all the time to get meat
enough. He scolded, but his wife said: “I told you that we would have
many children. If there are too many, you must build another house.”
The mother took no care of the children; they grew up by

themselves, and grew very fast. Soon they began to quarrel and fight
with one another. Wus was unhappy; he wanted to go away from a
house where there was nothing but fighting.
The woman knew his thoughts; she said: “Why don’t you try to find
other people?”
Wus was glad to go. When he started, he said: “Hereafter one half of
the people in this world will fight with the other half. There will be no
peace.”
After traveling a long time, Wus came to a village. A fool lived in that
village; as soon as he saw Wus, he called out: “There is the father of
many children! Look at him!” He followed Wus, and wouldn’t leave
him; he kept calling out: “Look at him! Look at him!” At last Wus got
mad and slashed him with his knife. The fool screamed and ran
around. Every man kept his house closed, no one would let him in.
At last he died.
Wus said: “I didn’t want to hurt you, but you made me mad.” He was
sorry and he sent for Gäk to come and step over the body.
Gäk came, stepped five times over the body, and the man stood up.
He had a good mind now, and was thankful for what Wus had done.
[143]
When Wus went home, he found his children quarreling. He lay

down without eating. His wife said: “We won’t have any more
children; they are bad.”
Wus divided the country between his children, gave each twelve of
them a place by themselves. To the first twelve he said: “You will stay
here, you will be called Modocs.” To the second twelve he said: “You
will be near the big mountain and will be called Klamaths.” So he
divided his children into tribes, and made each tribe speak a different
language. Most of the tribes of the west come from that division of
Wus’ family, and Wus named each tribe. To the first twelve children,
the Modocs, he said: “You will be the strongest of all the tribes and
the greatest warriors.”
Wus kept five of the youngest children.
He felt badly about his children, he blamed himself. He said:

“Somebody must have given me the thought to make those arrows; I
did wrong.”
Now Wus and Nátcaktcókaskĭt and their five youngest children

traveled north toward the end of the world. When they came to a
large river Wus saw little fish in the water. “I am hungry,” said he. “I
don’t want little fish; I want salmon.” That moment the river was full
of salmon. He caught a good many and took their heads off. Then he
said to his wife: “Cook these fish a long time, for if we eat them raw,
we shall get sick and die. So it will be hereafter; people who eat this
kind of fish raw will get thin and die.”
Nátcaktcókaskĭt said: “I saw deer tracks near the river; I want some
deer meat to eat.” The next morning Wus went to Pakol Keni to hunt
deer. Soon he saw a big stag. As he got near it, the stag hallooed
like a person. Wus thought: “Who can be ahead of me?” The stag
hallooed again. That time Wus heard the words, and he said: “I know
who you are; I know all about you. I used to kill your people to get
sinews out of their backs and strings out of their legs.”
Wus killed the stag and carried it to his camp. When he told his wife
that the stag had hallooed at him, she said: “Something bad is going
to happen to you.” She was angry at him for killing the deer. [144]
Wus wanted her to eat some of the meat, but she wouldn’t and they
began to quarrel.
Wus said: “Give me one of the children and I will go away.”
“No!” screamed the woman, “I will keep them all!” And jumping up,
she said: “Hereafter you will be a black crow! You will no longer be a
person. You will only be good to tell people where dead things are!”
Wus said: “You are like the wind that never stops blowing; you are
always talking. Hereafter you will be a Dó-dó-la and sing all the time.
You will watch for daylight so you can begin to sing, and you will sing
till night comes, and your children will be like you!” And so it was.
[145]
1 A certain root. English name unknown. ↑

2 A vegetable like an onion. ↑
[Contents]
FROST AND THUNDER
CHARACTERS
Blaiwas Eagle Wâhŭtus

Gowwá Swallow Wus Fox
Lok Bear Yahyáhaäs (Always represented as a
one-legged man)
Tsasgips Frost That
Breaks Trees
Gowwá and Wâhŭtus were married to the same woman; she was kin
to Gowwá.
One day the two men went hunting and left their wife at home. While
they were gone Wus came along, and said to her: “Come to my
house and be my wife. I have a big house and lots of nice blankets
and beads. Why do you stay with these men? They are poor.”
“I don’t want to go with you,” said the woman. “Gowwá and Wâhŭtus
will come right away. If you stay here, they will kill you.”
“I am not afraid of those men,” said Wus. “I am stronger than they

are; I can kill them.” She couldn’t make him go away.
When the men came, each had a deer on his back. “Cook some
deer meat,” they said to the woman. “We are hungry.” They didn’t
see Wus.
She said: “A man is holding me; I can’t get up.”

“You are fooling us; nobody is holding you. Hurry up and cook for
us.”
When the woman didn’t move Gowwá got mad and went toward her
to jerk her up; then he saw Wus holding her down.
The fire had gone out, and it was dark in the house. Gowwá punched
the fire and said to Wâhŭtus: “There is somebody over there with a
nice skin on. We’ll kill him and make a [146]blanket.” They caught
Wus and pulled his skin off, then they threw him out.
The next morning, when Gowwá’s mother went for water, she saw
Wus and she felt sorry for him; she went to a swamp, and got cattails
and wrapped them around him. Right away the cattails turned to nice
fur. Wus was cured; he went home.
That day, while the two men were off hunting, Lok came and stole
their wife. She was afraid of him and had to go. There were five Lok
brothers, living in a house under the rocks.
When Gowwá and Wâhŭtus came home and found their wife gone,
their old mother-in-law said: “Lok, a big, nice-looking man, came and
carried her off.”
The next morning Gowwá and Wâhŭtus started for Lok’s house. As
they went along they practiced killing each other to see how they
were going to kill Lok. Gowwá killed Wâhŭtus and went on a little
way alone. Wâhŭtus came to life and overtook Gowwá. Then
Wâhŭtus killed Gowwá and went on. Gowwá came to life and caught
up with Wâhŭtus. So they kept on till they got to Lok’s house.
Gowwá climbed to the top of the house. Wâhŭtus went in at a hole

on one side.
The five brothers were lying by the fire; one jumped up, tore
Wâhŭtus into little pieces and threw the pieces out. Wâhŭtus grew
together, came to life, and ran into the house. Five times Lok killed
Wâhŭtus, tore him to pieces, and threw the pieces out; each time
Wâhŭtus ran in again.
Gowwá stood on the top of the house and waited. When they had
killed Wâhŭtus five times, he crept down and began throwing flint at
the brothers. He was a great doctor, and right away all five of the
brothers were dead. Then Wâhŭtus and Gowwá took their wife and
went home.
The next day while they were off hunting Yahyáhaäs came and stole
their wife, and carried her off to his house. Whenever Yahyáhaäs
saw a nice woman, he took her; he stole everybody’s wife. Five great
rocks were around his house, and he lived underground, in the
middle. The name of the house was [147]Hwălis; nobody but
Yahyáhaäs could get into it. There were many women there; he
carried them in on his shoulders.
Wâhŭtus and Gowwá didn’t know how to get their wife back. At last
they sent to all the people in the world and asked them to come and
help break the rocks around Yahyáhaäs’ house. Everybody came,
and each man tried, but no one could break off even a small piece of
a rock.
Then Tsasgips (Frost) came. He was such a small man they had
forgotten to ask him. He said: “I can break those rocks.”
The people didn’t listen to him; they kept on trying to break them.
Then somebody asked: “What does that little fellow say? He talks all
the time!”
“He says that he can break these rocks,” said Blaiwas.

Then men began to talk about Tsasgips, and to say: “Maybe he had
better try. Maybe he is a kiúks 1 and can do something.”
The people got him ready, sprinkled him with white paint, so he was
all white spots in front. He made, with his mouth, a noise like
blowing; the first rock crumbled to pieces. He made the same noise
with his mouth and struck against the second rock; the rock fell into
small pieces. He broke all five rocks in the same way. Then the
people killed Yahyáhaäs with arrows, but his spirit went up in the air
and became Thunder. They shot a great many times at the spirit as it
flew up, for they saw it rising, but they couldn’t hit it; they missed it
every time. [148]
1 A “medicine man.” ↑

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what’s new in this edition

brief chapter outline and learning goals 12.3

lecture outline and lecture notes 12.5

PowerPoint slide notes 12.45

lecture links 12.65

critical thinking exercises 12.73

bonus cases 12.77

additions to the 10th edition:

• Name That Company: Bright Horizons

• Spotlight on Small Business: The Triangle Fire

• Legal Briefcase: Executive Pay Remains on the Rise

revisions to the 10th edition:

• Discussion of unions’ recent status revised in section Employee–Management Issues.

deletions from the 9th edition:

• Name That Company: James P. Hoffa

• Reaching Beyond Our Borders

• Spotlight on Small Business

brief chapter outline

II. LABOR UNIONS FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES

III. LABOR LEGISLATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

IV. TACTICS USED IN LABOR–MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS

V. CONTROVERSIAL EMPLOYEE–MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Getting to Know DAVID STERN of THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.45.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.45.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.46.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.46.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.46.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.47.)

wage laws, child-labor laws, and other significant

II. LABOR UNIONS FROM DIFFERENT PERSPEC-

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.47.)

lecture link 12-1

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.47.)

C. THE HISTORY OF ORGANIZED LABOR

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.48.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.48.)

Square bombing in 1886, the Knights of Labor

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.49.)

e. In 2005 seven unions left the AFL-CIO and

III. LABOR LEGISLATION AND COLLECTIVE

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.49.)

lecture link 12-2

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.49.)

WAGNER ACT) provided legal justification for un-

C. OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIZED LABOR OVER TIME

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.50.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.50.)

(See complete PowerPoint slide notes on page 12.50.)