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Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives, 5e
Dozois
CHAPTER 7
Psychophysiological Disorders
Multiple choice:
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
4) The early years of research concerning the role of psychological processes on physical
health were known as
A) psychosomatic medicine.
B) cognitive physiology.
C) dualistic behaviourism.
D) neuropsychophysiology.
E) behavioural medicine.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
6) The psychoanalyst Franz Alexander (1950) argued that the roots of psychosomatic
disorders
A) lay in an imbalance of bodily humours.
B) stemmed from an overassertive super-ego.
C) were found in interpersonal stressors.
D) were unrelated to intrapsychic forces.
E) stemmed from characteristic intrapersonal conflict.
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
7) The theorist __________ argued that the biomedical model of disease should be
expanded to a biopsychosocial model.
A) Franz Alexander
B) Helen Flanders Dunbar
C) George Engel
D) Walter Cannon
E) Hans Selye
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
B) a stroke
C) essential hypertension
D) cancer
E) cardiac arrythmias due to genetic illness
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
11) A specific code meaning “a psychological factor affecting medical condition” may be
found on Axis I under
A) “Health and psychological factors and illness.”
B) “Psychosomatic disturbances.”
C) “Psychophysiological and neurological challenges.”
D) “Psychogenic medical disorders.”
E) “Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.”
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
12) A mechanism is
A) something which regulates a physical system.
B) the means by which unconscious conflict produces psychological disturbances.
C) a process, activity of a living system that mediates the influence of an antecedent
factor on disease.
D) the effect neurotic behaviour has on the family or social environment.
E) an axis of internal regulation that involves pulmonary and immunological functioning.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Conceptual
14) When a sign involves the specific disruption of bodily tissue or normal function of a
bodily system, these disruptions are called
A) lesions.
B) ulcers.
C) mechanisms.
D) symptoms.
E) challenges.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 149
Skill: Factual
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 149
Skill: Factual
17) The three body systems that are responsive to psychosocial variables are:
A) endocrine system; immune system; cardiovascular system
B) autonomic nervous system; endocrine system; cardiovascular system
C) autonomic nervous system; central nervous system; immune system
D) autonomic nervous system; endocrine system; immune system
E) somatic nervous system; endocrine system; cardiovascular system
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 150
Skill: Factual
18) The body system responsive to psychosocial variables involved in the production of
hormones is the
A) immune system.
B) endocrine system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) central nervous system.
E) somatic nervous system.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
19) Perhaps the best known endocrine hormone system known to be highly responsive to
psychosocial variables involves the
A) ovaries.
B) pancreas.
C) pineal gland.
D) HPA axis.
E) testes.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
20) The brain structure that makes up part of the HPA axis is the
A) thalamus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla.
D) hippocampus.
E) amygdala.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
22) Glucocorticoids
A) cause inflammation.
B) have not been indicated in the development of neuronal damage in the brain.
C) prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
D) are only beneficial when released for long periods of time.
E) have been indicated in the suppression of immune system function.
Answer: E
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 151
Skill: Conceptual
26) Immune cells are produced and stored in all of the following except the
A) thymus gland.
B) large intestines.
C) lymph nodes.
D) bone marrow.
E) small intestines.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 152
Skill: Factual
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 153
Skill: Factual
28) Cells that remain permanently altered after an immune episode are called
A) B-cells.
B) Suppressor T-cells.
C) Memory T-cells.
D) Helper T-cells.
E) Natural Killer.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 153
Skill: Factual
29) In the alarm phase of Hans Selye's (1956) General Adaptation Syndrome, the body
A) waits for the brain to make a “decision” about the threat.
B) mobilizes its defences.
C) suffers tissue damage.
D) is exhausted due to depletion of energy stores.
E) actively fights or copes with the challenge to the system.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 154
Skill: Factual
30) The final phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome is the __________
phase.
A) adaptation
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) alarm
E) resolution
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 154
Skill: Factual
31) Kanner, Coyne, Schaefer and Lazarus (1981) suggest that the most common sources
of stress in people's lives are
A) inner conflicts.
B) medical problems.
C) hassles.
D) drastic life changes.
E) financial.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 155
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 155
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 155
Skill: Factual
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 156
Skill: Factual
35) Therapists might find it difficult to steer clients towards ____________ methods of
dealing with threats because ___________ methods are negatively reinforced (i.e., they
provide a rapid escape from unpleasant thoughts / feelings associated with the problem).
A) problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
B) reality-based action; self-medicating action
C) reality-based mood adjustment; self-medicating mood adjustment
D) practical; intellectualizing-based
E) practical; denial
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 155
Skill: Conceptual / application
36) Clients with limited capacity to delay gratification will find it difficult, particularly in
the beginning, to adopt ____________ because ___________ methods provide a faster
and easier escape from the unpleasant feelings associated with threats
A) courageous; self-soothing
B) reality-based action; self-medicating
C) reality-based mood adjustment; self-medicating
D) fact-based; intellectualizing-based
E) problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 155
Skill: Conceptual / application
37) In a study conducted by Lazarus and colleagues, the researchers found that by
__________ the scenes in films depicting rites of passage, arousal was decreased.
A) re-watching
B) identifying with
C) mentally modifying
D) intellectualizing or denying
E) ignoring
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 156
Skill: Factual
38) Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of dominant male baboons in
Sapolsky's (1995) studies of how social status may affect stress?
A) higher levels of circulating lymphocytes
B) reduced concentrations of cortisol
C) lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
D) a greater ability to recover from provocation
E) lower blood pressure
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 157
Skill: Conceptual
39) __________ control over stressful events is sufficient to reduce their harmful effects.
A) Perceived
B) Direct
C) Physical
D) Internal
E) Emotional
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 157
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 157
Skill: Factual
41) An example of a job rated as high in decision control and low in psychological
demand is
A) forester.
B) waiter/waitress.
C) janitor.
D) truck driver.
E) secretary.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 158
Skill: Factual
42) In a study conducted employing cold viruses, Cohen, Tyrrell, and Smith (1993)
discovered that subjects with higher perceived stress and negative affect were
A) more likely to have died after a five-year follow-up study.
B) more likely to show “hard” immune system changes.
C) less likely to recover within a 5-day period.
D) more likely to develop another more debilitating illness.
E) less likely to show clinical evidence of a cold.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 160
Skill: Factual
44) According to Alexander (1950) the role psychological factors might play in the
development of ulcers is
A) unconscious conflict creates neuronal death in the hypothalamus.
B) certain personality types are prone to overeating causing medical problems.
C) lowered immune function as a result of stress allows for bacterial infection.
D) an unsatisfied desire for love results in an overactivity in the digestive system.
E) stress decreases the effectiveness of the mucosal stomach lining.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 160
Skill: Factual
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 163
Skill: Factual
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 163
Skill: Factual
47) Which of the following is NOT evidence collected indicating that Helicobacter pylori
plays a primary role in the genesis of ulcers?
A) Antibodies to the bacterium have been found in the serum of healthy controls.
B) This bacterium is present in the stomachs of a large proportion of individuals with
ulcer disease.
C) Twenty percent of people who test positive for the bacterium show evidence of ulcer.
D) Animals injected with H. pylori suffered from ulcer disease.
E) The condition of patients treated with drugs to kill H. Pylori improves.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 163-164
Skill: Factual
48) Since the 1950s deaths due to heart attack and stroke have declined by almost
A) 25%.
B) 10%.
C) 70%.
D) 50%.
E) 90%.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 164
Skill: Factual
49) Consistent with the water pump analogy of the cardiovascular system, the peak of the
wave of blood flow corresponds with
A) the point in the cardiac cycle called the systole.
B) the peripheral resistance found in the right ventricle.
C) cardiac output.
D) the point in the cardiac cycle called the diastole.
E) the contraction of the right ventricle.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 165
Skill: Factual
50) Which of the following are most closely tied into the regulation of the cardiovascular
system?
A) serotonergic agonists
B) glucocorticoids
C) monamine oxidase inhibitors
D) dopaminergic antagonists
E) catecholamines
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 165
Skill: Factual
51) Consistent with the plumbing analogy of the cardiovascular system, which of the
following best describes atherosclerosis?
A) The tubing expands reducing pressure.
B) The tubing develops calcium deposits from the water.
C) The pump begins to operate sporadically.
D) The tubing branch points dry out and become brittle.
E) The pump begins to leak water.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 165
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 165
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 166
Skill: Factual
E) to show how the cardiovascular system can be altered by stressful psychosocial stimuli
or events.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 166
Skill: Factual
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 166
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 167
Skill: Factual
57) A number of studies using the __________ have found an association between
hostility and increased risk of heart disease.
A) The Anger Interview
B) Cook-Medley Hostility Scale
C) Turner Interruption Test
D) Stroop Colour-Word Conflict Test
E) Structured Interview
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 167
Skill: Factual
C) are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours and less likely to have healthy
practices, such as exercise.
D) are more at risk for diseases because they experience exaggerated autonomic and
neuroendocrine responses during stress.
E) create a social world that is antagonistic and unsupportive.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 167
Skill: Factual
59) Frasure-Smith, Lesperance, and Talajic (1993) found that depression soon after the
heart attack
A) had no effect on the risk of dying.
B) was associated with a greater than five-fold increase in the risk of dying within six
months.
C) was associated with a greater than five-fold increase in the risk of another heart attack
within 6 months.
D) was associated with a greater than five-fold increase in the risk of dying within six
months only in men, but not in women.
E) was associated with a greater than ten-fold increase in the risk of another heart attack
within 6 months.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 169
Skill: Factual
60) The INTERHEART study found that of the nine risk factors, the following three had
the greatest impact on the risk of heart attack.
A) abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, and low physical activity
B) raised lipids, smoking, and psychosocial factors
C) psychosocial factors, high blood pressure, and raised lipids
D) low consumption of fruits and vegetables, high blood pressure, and diabetes
E) smoking, low physical activity, and lack of consumption of moderate amounts of
alcohol
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 170
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 170
Skill: Factual
62) In a series of interventions for stress performed by Dean Ornish and colleagues
(1996), found that __________ predicted the extent of coronary lesions.
A) hours spent meditating in a week
B) aerobic exercise
C) the amount of practice patients devoted to stress management
D) the switch to a vegetarian diet
E) the number of people involved in group support meetings
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 170
Skill: Factual
63) Linden and Chambers (1994) in their study on hypertension, discovered that stress
management could
A) never be as effective as drug treatment.
B) actually worse a patient's condition when standard prescription drugs were not given.
C) be effective if coupled with drug treatment.
D) be as effective as drug treatment if targeted and individualized to each patient.
E) be as effective as drug treatment if implemented in a standardized fashion.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 170
Skill: Factual
64) Friedman et al. (1986) found that after three years of cardiac counselling
implemented through the Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project, patients showed
A) an increase in the amount of type A behaviour.
B) no change in the amount of type A behaviour.
C) half as many occurrences of cardiac events as controls.
D) no difference from controls in the occurrences of cardiac events.
E) half as many occurrences of cardiac events as controls, but also no reduction in
measured Type A behaviour.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 170
Skill: Factual
True/False:
65) People sometimes mistakenly use the term psychosomatic disorders to refer to
illnesses more properly called somatoform disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 147
Skill: Factual
66) There is considerable evidence that experience or expression of anger plays a role in
heart disease.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
67) A DSM-5 workgroup recommends placing all disorders on Axis 1, eliminating the
distinction between psychological and medical disorders in psychiatry.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 149
Skill: Factual
68) Health psychology refers to using psychological methods to mental illnesses that
have physical consequences.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
69) A mechanism is a process, an activity of a living system that mediates the influence
of an antecedent factor on disease.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 148
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 148
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 148
Skill: Conceptual
73) The three body symptoms affected by psychosocial variables are the autonomic
nervous system, the somatic nervous system and the immune system.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 150
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
75) One of the effects produced by cortisol is neuronal damage that may contribute to
dementia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
77) Evidence has been found to indicate glucocorticoids suppress immune function and
promote the development of atherosclerosis.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
78) Most, but not all organs that are innervated by the sympathetic system are also
innervated by the parasympathetic branch.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 151
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 152
Skill: Factual