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Questão 1 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In the last paragraph, the author states that “Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan
and the MIT report, but better project management is another.” because he believes that

A both Finan and the MIT report are absolutely wrong in their conclusions.

B it is difficult to determine the reasons why nuclear power costs less in Asia.

C nuclear power is cheaper in Asia just because of better project management.

D neither project management nor labor costs explain the low cost of nuclear energy in Asia.

E lower labor costs are just part of the reason why nuclear power is less expensive in Asia.
4 0010528 94

Questão 2 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In paragraph 12, the author a rms “(To be fair, several of China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had
cost overruns and delays)”, in order to

A clarify that China has also faced problems with the construction of large-scale nuclear reactors.

B praise China’s capacity of building large-scale nuclear reactors fast and effectively.

C explain that China is more efficient that South Korea when building large-scale nuclear reactors.

D support the view that China and South Korea can build projects on budget and on schedule.

E discuss the reasons why China and South Korea can build nuclear reactors at a lower cost.
4 0010528 92

Questão 3 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley
1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.
10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

According to Jacopo Buongiorno, one of the reasons why it is more expensive to build large nuclear plants in
the West is that

A their cost has more than doubled in European countries.

B their construction faces constant delays that increase costs.

C most of the teams working on the projects are effectively trained.

D a group of MIT scientists has lost the expertise to build these plants.

E new nuclear plants are difficult to build because of complex Asian technologies.
4 0010528 91

Questão 4 T radução translation Maymay not Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In the fragment of paragraph 7 “and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive waste
may not be the biggest”, may not be expresses a(n

A possibility

B obligation

C necessity

D certainty

E ability
4 0010528 8 9

Questão 5 Sinônimos synonyms T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.
3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

Based on the meanings in the text, the two items that express synonymous ideas are

A surpassed (paragraph 3) – fell behind

B remarkable (paragraph 3) – extraordinary

C wary (paragraph 4) – careless

D proponents (paragraph 6) – critics

E hurdles (paragraph 7) – advantages

4 0010528 8 8

Questão 6 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.
4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In the fragment of paragraph 5 “and they produce power even at night or on calm days”, they refers to

A “environmentalists” (paragraph 4)

B “nuclear power plants” (paragraph 5)

C “solar or wind farms” (paragraph 5)

D “calm days” (paragraph 5)

E “renewables” (paragraph 5)
4 0010528 8 7

Questão 7 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
In the fragment of paragraph 5 “Nuclear power has a lot going for it” means that the use of nuclear power

A presents many advantageous qualities.

B generates some doubts about its efficiency.

C constitutes a real threat to national security.

D raises severe concerns about potential accidents.

E provokes negative reactions among environmentalists.

4 0010528 8 4

Questão 8 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.

7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

This daunting challenge”, in paragraph 4, refers to the

 A use of solar and wind power to produce 20% of the U.S. electricity.

B exclusive use of renewables to generate electricity in the U.S. by 2050.

C sudden rise of renewable energy sources in the U.S. in the last decade.

D insertion of nuclear power in the U.S. electricity grid in the next fifty years.

E goal of achieving a carbon-free electricity grid in the U.S. by 2035 to fight the climate crisis.
4 0010528 8 2

Questão 9 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.
7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In the fragment of paragraph 2 “because demand for electricity is expected to rise, especially if we power
more cars with it”, is expected to rise is used to
 A give strong advice.

B express lack of necessity.

C anticipate a probable event.

D warn about a clear obligation.

E communicate absolute certainty.

4 0010528 8 0

Questão 10 T radução translation Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Vocabulário vocabulary

T he controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.

Lois Parshley

1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for ghting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in
half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation – the
easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.

2 - A few gures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the
United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came from
burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of
that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is expected to rise,
especially if we power more cars with it.

3 - Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with
hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the rst time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S.
electricity. In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent
by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035
and forestall the climate crisis.

4 - This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long
been wary of: nuclear power.

5 - Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders
of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar or wind
farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in
the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.

6 - But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The
majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular
versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer, cheaper, and more
flexible.
7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the
director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion of
nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive
waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to
build to be of much help with the climate crisis.

8 - While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the
1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.

9 - Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who
recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe.
They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a signi cant role” in decarbonizing the
power sector.

10 - “In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says,
pointing to Southern Company’s e ort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia.
They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more
than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in nuclear generation, a
new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.

11 - “We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno
says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams
working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job e ciently. That
leads to construction delays that drive up costs.

1 2 - Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on
budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)

13 - “The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says.
Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.

Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-

should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.

In the fragment of paragraph 1 “The plan requires electricity generation – the easiest economic sector to
green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035”, to green means to
 A be adapted to the political goals of ambitious rulers.

B generate more electricity using non renewable sources.

C boost the consumption of fossil fuels such as natural gas.

D become less harmful or more sensitive to the environment.

E reduce greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the use of nuclear power.

4 0010528 77

Questão 11 Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

The key energy questions for 2018

The renewables industry has had a great year.

How fast can it grow now?

Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18,
2018. Adapted.

According to the last paragraph, the author believes that the

A future of the energy business is uncertain and difficult to anticipate.

B recent increase in oil prices is definitely a long-lasting phenomenon.

C four questions presented in the article will be answered sooner than we imagine.

D energy business is definitely facing a moment of stability, growth and prosperity.

E inevitable conflict in the Middle East will solve the imbalance between energy supply and demand
572528 3 8 9

Questão 12 Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa Vocabulário vocabulary

T he key energy questions for 2018

The renewables industry has had a great year.

How fast can it grow now?
Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750-ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18,
2018. Adapted.

Concerning the renewable energy industry, the author affirms that it

A has become highly competitive without subsidies or government support.

B has been growing dramatically because of the threat posed by climate change.

C needs to go through a profound change to become global and more competitive.

D will provide most of the global electric supply through solar, wind and hydropower

E has been expanding faster than personal computing and mobile phones in the 1990s and 2000s.
57250998 8

Questão 13 Vocabulário Vocabulary T radução translation

The key energy questions for 2018

The renewables industry has had a great year.

How fast can it grow now?

Based on the meanings of the words in the text, it can be said that

A “rife” (line 11) and scarce express similar ideas

B “claimed” (line 34) can be replaced by hidden.

C “flat” (line 43) and high express similar ideas.

D “thriving” (line 61) and developing are synonyms.

E “surge” (line 87) and increase are antonyms.

5724 8 9608

Questão 14 Noções Gerais de Interpretação de T exto língua inglesa

Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/c9bdc750- ec85-11e7-8713-513b1d7ca85a>. Retrieved on: Feb 18,
2018. Adapted.

In terms of numerical reference, one concludes that

A “over 40 per cent” (lines 16-17) refers to the percentage of global oil produced by Iran and Saudi

B “70 per cent” (line 62) refers to the percentage decrease in solar energy costs since 2010.

C “60 per cent” (line 64) refers to the total percentage of solar cells commercialized in China.

D “5 per cent” (line 68) refers to the percentage of global energy generated by hydroelectric plants.

E “50 per cent” (line 70) refers to the percentage decrease in solar photovoltaic capacity in 2016.
5724 693 3 2

Questão 15 Verbos Frasais phrasal verbs

In the fragments “some recent data suggests that as economic growth has picked up” (lines 47-48) and
“Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air pollution
in many of the major cities” (lines 49-51), picked up and driven by mean, respectively,

A declined – guided by

B increased – delayed by

C deteriorated – caused by

D improved – motivated by

E stabilized – hindered by
5724 4 6901

Questão 16 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

The phrase that shift (line 46) refers to the change in China from a

A heavy industry fuelled by coal to a service-based industry using a more varied mix.

B large consumption of the world’s fossil fuels to lower consumption levels.

C limited demand for oil, gas and coal to an increasing demand.

D low-fossil-fuel economy to a pollution-based economy.

E fast-growing economy to a receding one.

5724 3 0751

Questão 17 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

The production of oil from shale rock in the US is mentioned in paragraph 4 (lines 21-29) because in 2018 it

A can rapidly achieve the record level of 6 million barrels a day.

B will certainly reach higher levels than those announced in 2017

C will make output from America’s producing areas commercially viable in 2018

D might compensate for present OPEC production cuts and cause a decrease in oil prices

E is going to have devastating effects on the drilling activity in the country in the near future
5724 058 12

Questão 18 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

In the fragment “The threat to stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win any such clash and to
treat the result as a licence to reassert its in uence in the region” (lines 17-20), given that can be replaced,
without change in meaning, by

A even so

B even though

C despite the fact that

D because of the fact that

E taking into account that

5723 8 7017

Questão 19 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

Saudi Arabia and Iran are mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3 (lines 8-20) because they

A are latent enemies about to engage in violent strife

B produce more than 40 per cent of the world’s crude oil

C should spread their influence over the other Gulf States.

D can be considered the most stable countries in the Middle East

E might affect oil production and trade if they engage in an open conflict.
5723 64 24 3

Questão 20 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

The main purpose of the text is to

A explain the reasons for the sudden increase in the price of oil in 2018.

B speculate on matters that may affect the global energy market in 2018.

C provide precise answers to the most relevant questions on global energy.

D forecast changes in trade and energy production in Asia and the Middle East.

E measure the devastating impact of renewable industry on coal and natural gas.
5723 4 614 7

Questão 21 Língua Inglesa Inglês

Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-
energy-right-now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.
Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-
energy-right-now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.

Comparing Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that

A Text I forecasts the expansion of green energy sources in Latin American countries.

B Text II discusses the important role of scientists over funding decisions on clean energy.

C neither Text I nor Text II reveal concerns about dangerous climate change in the near future.

D both Text I and Text II underscore the importance of governmental investments in energy research.

E both Text I and Text II quote studies that discuss investments in renewable energy sources.
203 3 16710

Questão 22 Língua Inglesa Inglês

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

In the fragment of Text I “Rather than repeated overhauls, existing programs should be continuously
evaluated and updated” (lines 63-65), should be expresses a(n)

A strong ability

B vague necessity

C weak probability

D future permission

E strong recommendation
203 3 08 93 9

Questão 23 Língua Inglesa Inglês

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

Based on the meanings in Text I, the two items that express synonymous ideas are

A channel (line 12) - hinder

B stark (line 16) - dubious

C stem (line 23) - restrain

D pledged (line 38) - refused

E bold (line 69) - fearful

203 3 068 8 2

Questão 24 Língua Inglesa Inglês

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

Based on the information presented in Text I, the expression in bold type and the item in parenthesis are
semantically equivalent in
 A “the authors from UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for investment” – lines 6-8
(discarded)

B “learn from and build on experience before time runs out” – lines 17-18 (prevails)

C “If we don’t build on the lessons from previous policy successes and failures to understand what
works and why” – lines 27-29 (reject)

D “Anadon and colleagues point out that government funding for energy innovation has, in many cases,
been highly volatile in the recent past” – lines 46-48 (report)

E “New programs should only be set up if they fill needs not currently met” – lines 65-66 (canceled)
203 3 04 4 13

Questão 25 Interpretação de T exto reading comprehension

Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-

energy-right-now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.
In Text II, the author a rms that “The future is certainly looking pretty green for renewable energy bulls”
(lines 15-16) because of the

A large share of electricity to be generated from renewable energy sources by 2030.

B expected growth in fossil fuels in the total share of power generation by 2030.

C dominant position of coal and natural gas for electricity generation nowadays.

D global boom in hydropower generation by the end of this decade.

E massive investment in solar and wind energy in the next decade.

203 24 4 105

Questão 26 Interpretação de T exto reading comprehension

Available at: <https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/070814/ why-you-should-invest-green-

energy-right-now.asp>. Retrieved on: 12 Feb 2018. Adapted.

The main purpose of Text II is to

A criticize the excessive dependence of the U.S. and Europe on fossil fuels.

B announce an increase in the use of solar energy in Latin America and India.

C expose the higher costs related to rising LNG imports in several Asian nations.

D provide estimates concerning the increasing demand for renewable energy sources.

E warn investors about the risks associated with solar, wind and green energy projects.
203 23 8 217

Questão 27 Interpretação de T exto e T radução Reading Comprehension and T ranslation

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

According to Text I, one of the guiding principles for clean energy investment is

A set clear limits for international cooperation.

B stimulate short-term funding policies for innovation programs.

C encourage tech transfer programs among governmental agencies.

D value the quick-impact of research programs when sponsoring new projects.

E grant researchers and technical experts greater influence over financial matters.
203 203 673

Questão 28 Interpretação de T exto reading comprehension

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

Considering some of the figures in Text I, one can affirm that

A “US$16.6 billion” (line 36) refers to the amount of money saved by OECD members on new energy
R&D two years ago.

B “$10b” (line 38) refers to the amount of money invested by OECD members on new energy R&D in
2010.

C “£2.5 billion” (line 42) refers to the figure invested by the UK government in nuclear power stations
and offshore wind turbines in the previous decade.

D “more than 30% up or down” (lines 54-55) refers to the budget fluctuations in all technology areas
funded by the US Department of Energy from 1990 to 2017.

E “by 35%” (line 56) refers to the Trump administration’s estimated increase in the 2018’s energy R&D
budget.
203 20254 5

Questão 29 Interpretação de T exto reading comprehension

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

In the fragment of Text I “we urgently need to take stock of policy initiatives around the world” (lines 21-22),
take stock means to

A reevaluate controversial decisions.

B plan ahead to overcome potential difficulties.

C make an overall assessment of a particular situation.

D discard unnecessary measures or questionable actions.

E get rid of all inefficient or superficial solutions to a problem.

203 199626

Questão 30 Interpretação de T exto reading comprehension

Available at: <http://www.sciencedaily. com releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>. Retrieved on: 28 Dec
2017. Adapted.

According to Text I, in order to successfully invest in clean energy, governments need to

 A give technical experts more autonomy to publish papers on climate change and clean energy.

B learn from past experiences before our chances to prevent dangerous climate change are over.

C value the ‘quick-win potential’ of innovation programs promoted by the private sector.

D expand investments in energy research and continue launching new renewable-energy programs in
the next decades.

E encourage the generation of small nuclear power stations and offshore wind turbines before it is
too late to forecast climate change.
203 1958 54

Respostas:

1 E 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 E 9 C 10 D 11 A

12 C 13 D 14 B 15 D 16 A 17 D 18 E 19 E 20 B 21 E 22 E

23 C 24 D 25 A 26 D 27 E 28 B 29 C 30 B