Skh Conjunction Notes

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CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are used in language to connect words, phrases, or clauses, enabling
the construction of more complex and meaningful sentences. They play a crucial
role in expressing relationships between different elements and enhancing the
overall coherence of communication. Here are 10 examples that illustrate various
functions of conjunctions:
1. Adding Information:
o Example: She likes to read novels, and she enjoys poetry.
2. Expressing Contrast:
o Example: He is very talented, but he is also very humble.
3. Presenting Alternatives:
o Example: You can either join us for dinner or meet us later for dessert.
4. Showing Cause and Effect:
o Example: The weather was bad, so we decided to stay indoors.
5. Connecting Similar Ideas:
o Example: They love hiking and camping in the mountains.
6. Linking Related Actions:
o Example: She studied hard, yet she didn't perform well on the exam.
7. Providing Explanations:
o Example: He was feeling unwell, because he had caught a cold.
8. Joining Independent Clauses:
o Example: The sun was setting, and the sky was painted in hues of
orange.
9. Emphasizing Conditions:
o Example: You can go to the party, if you finish your homework first.
10.Combining Ideas in a Series:
o Example: She walked, ran, and jumped in excitement.
Conjunctions such as "and," "but," "or," "so," and others help create a more nuanced
and articulate expression of ideas. They allow for the construction of compound
sentences, giving writers and speakers the flexibility to convey a wide range of
relationships between different parts of a sentence.
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Page 1 of 13
The conjunction "and" is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses in
a sentence, and it serves several important functions in communication. Here are 10
examples illustrating why we use "and" as a conjunction:
1. Adding Information:
o Example: She likes to read mystery novels, and she enjoys watching
detective movies.
2. Expressing Agreement:
o Example: John likes pizza, and his friends do too.
3. Combining Similar Ideas:
o Example: The concert was lively, and the audience was enthusiastic.
4. Listing Items:
o Example: The shopping list includes apples, oranges, and bananas.
5. Linking Actions:
o Example: She went to the store and bought some groceries.
6. Connecting Independent Clauses:
o Example: The sun was shining brightly, and the sky was clear.
7. Joining Adjectives:
o Example: It was a warm and sunny day.
8. Presenting Alternatives:
o Example: You can either choose the red dress and the blue one.
9. Showing Cause and Effect:
o Example: She worked hard, and she achieved success.
10.Expressing Time Sequence:
o Example: First, we'll have breakfast, and then we'll go for a hike.
In each of these examples, "and" helps to connect elements, indicating a relationship

between them. It is a versatile conjunction that facilitates the creation of compound
sentences, allowing for a smoother and more coherent expression of ideas.

Page 2 of 13
The conjunction "but" is used to introduce a contrast or contradiction
between two ideas or clauses. It signals a shift in the direction of thought, presenting
an opposition or exception to what was stated before. Here are 10 examples
illustrating the use of "but" as a conjunction:
o Example: She is talented, but she is not confident in her abilities.
2. Contrasting Ideas:
o Example: The weather is sunny, but it's surprisingly cold outside.
3. Introducing Exceptions:
o Example: He usually studies hard, but he failed the exam.
4. Presenting Conflicting Situations:
o Example: The movie was entertaining, but some scenes were quite
intense.
5. Contrasting Actions:
o Example: She wanted to go to the party, but she had too much work to
do.
6. Showing a Change in Direction:
o Example: I intended to exercise today, but I decided to rest instead.
7. Highlighting Differences:
o Example: He is friendly, but his brother is reserved.
8. Introducing Disagreement:
o Example: I respect your opinion, but I don't agree with it.
9. Contrasting Expectations:
o Example: The restaurant had great reviews, but the food was
disappointing.
10.Expressing Unexpected Results:
o Example: The experiment seemed promising, but the results were
inconclusive.
In these examples, "but" serves to provide a contrast between the ideas or statements,
indicating that there is a difference or contradiction between them. It is a valuable
conjunction for expressing nuance and complexity in language, allowing for the
presentation of opposing or unexpected elements within a sentence.

Page 3 of 13
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions and/but
1. She loves to swim __________ she is afraid of deep water.

2. The weather was cold, __________ they decided to go for a picnic.
3. He enjoys playing basketball __________ he is not very good at it.
4. I like pizza __________ my sister prefers pasta.
5. The car is expensive, __________ it is reliable.
6. They wanted to go hiking, __________ it started raining.
7. She is talented __________ hardworking.
8. He was tired, __________ he stayed up late to finish the project.
9. I was hungry, __________ I didn't feel like cooking.
10. She is good at math, __________ she struggles with English.
11. The movie was long, __________ it was interesting.
12. I like both cats __________ dogs.
13. He is busy with work, __________ he still finds time for his hobbies.
14. She studied for hours, __________ she didn't perform well on the test.
15. I wanted to go to the party, __________ I had too much work to do.
16. He is rich, __________ he is not happy.
17. She went to the store, __________ she forgot to buy milk.
18. They wanted to travel the world, __________ they couldn't afford it.
19. The food was delicious, __________ the service was slow.
20. I like to read novels __________ I also enjoy watching movies.
Answers: 1. but 2. but 3. but 4. but 5. but
6. but 7. and 8. but 9. but 10.but 11.but
12.and 13.but 14.but 15.but 16.but 17.but
18.but 19.but 20.and

Page 4 of 13
The conjunction "so" is versatile and serves various functions in English.
Here are 10 examples illustrating different ways "so" is used as a conjunction:
1. Expressing Cause and Effect:

o Example: She studied hard, so she aced the exam.
2. Concluding or Resulting:
o Example: It started raining, so we had to cancel our picnic.
3. Providing an Explanation:
o Example: The car broke down, so we had to call for help.
4. Demonstrating Purpose:
o Example: She went to the library early, so she could find all the
necessary books.
5. Expressing Agreement or Confirmation:
o Example: He loves ice cream, so we bought him a double scoop.
6. Connecting Independent Clauses:
o Example: It was getting late, so we decided to head home.
7. Indicating Result:
o Example: The team practiced hard, so they played exceptionally well.
8. Conveying Intensity:
o Example: The music was so loud, so we had to cover our ears.
9. Demonstrating Similarity:
o Example: She loves reading, so her brother bought her a book for her
birthday.
10.Summarizing Information:
o Example: He missed the train, so he arrived late to the meeting.
In these examples, "so" serves to establish a relationship between the clauses,

indicating a cause-and-effect connection, providing an explanation, or expressing
purpose. It's a conjunction that contributes to the coherence and clarity of language
by signaling logical connections between different parts of a sentence.

Page 5 of 13
The conjunction "yet" is used to introduce a contrast or contradiction to
what has been previously stated. It often indicates an unexpected or surprising
outcome. Here are 10 examples illustrating the use of "yet" as a conjunction:
o Example: She works hard, yet she struggles to make ends meet.
2. Conveying Unexpected Results:
o Example: The weather is sunny, yet it's unusually cold.
3. Introducing a Contradiction:
o Example: He is rich, yet he lives a modest lifestyle.
4. Presenting an Unanticipated Situation:
o Example: The project seemed straightforward, yet it turned out to be
quite complex.
5. Contrasting Actions:
o Example: He promised to help, yet he didn't show up.
6. Highlighting Paradox:
o Example: The solution is simple, yet many people struggle to
understand it.
7. Indicating a Surprising Continuation:
o Example: She was exhausted, yet she continued working late into the
night.
8. Emphasizing a Change in Expectations:
o Example: The book started slow, yet it became incredibly engaging.
9. Presenting a Counterargument:
o Example: The idea is intriguing, yet there are some valid concerns.
10.Conveying Opposition to Previous Information:
o Example: The car is old, yet it runs smoothly.
In these examples, "yet" serves to introduce a contrasting or unexpected element,

providing a sense of surprise, contradiction, or challenge to what has been stated
before. It contributes to the complexity and depth of language, allowing speakers
and writers to convey nuances and unexpected turns in their expression.
Page 6 of 13
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions so/yet
1. She hasn't called me __________.

2. It was a difficult task, __________ he managed to complete it.
3. The store is closed, __________ I couldn't buy what I needed.
4. He is tired, __________ he keeps working.
5. The sun was shining brightly, __________ we decided to go for a hike.
6. She is intelligent, __________ she lacks confidence.
7. I haven't finished the book __________, but I plan to.
8. The food was delicious, __________ we ordered dessert.
9. It's a challenging job, __________ he enjoys the challenge.
10. She was running late, __________ she missed the train.
11. The car is old, __________ it runs smoothly.
12. The results aren't conclusive __________; further analysis is needed.
13. He didn't apologize __________, which surprised everyone.
14. It was a long journey, __________ they reached their destination.
15. She is a great singer, __________ she has never performed in public.
16. The movie was predictable, __________ it was still enjoyable.
17. She is exhausted, __________ she continues to work late.
18. He hasn't finished his homework __________; he needs more time.
19. The experiment seemed promising, __________ the results were disappointing.
20. It's a challenging task, __________ she is determined to succeed.
Answers: 1. yet 2. so 3. so 4. yet 5. so
6. yet 7. yet 8. so 9. so 10.so 11.yet
12.yet 13.yet 14.so 15.yet 16.so 17.yet
18.yet 19.yet 20.but

Page 7 of 13
The conjunction "therefore" is used to indicate a logical consequence or
conclusion. It signals that what follows is a result or inference drawn from the preceding
information. Here are 10 examples illustrating the use of "therefore" as a conjunction:
1. Expressing Cause and Effect:

o Example: She studied diligently, therefore she performed well on the exam.
2. Drawing a Conclusion:
o Example: The experiment produced consistent results, therefore the hypothesis is
likely accurate.
3. Indicating Logical Inference:
o Example: The traffic is heavy, therefore we should leave early to avoid being late.
4. Conveying a Result:
o Example: The weather forecast predicts rain, therefore it's a good idea to bring an
umbrella.
5. Summarizing Information:
o Example: He has the necessary skills and experience, therefore he is the ideal
candidate for the job.
6. Establishing a Relationship:
o Example: The prices of goods have increased, therefore inflation is a concern.
7. Making a Deduction:
o Example: She missed several classes, therefore her understanding of the subject
may be limited.
8. Stating a Reasoning:
o Example: The budget is tight, therefore we need to cut unnecessary expenses.
9. Highlighting a Conclusive Point:
o Example: The data supports our hypothesis, therefore we can confidently draw
conclusions.
10. Clarifying Expectations:
o Example: He has consistently delivered high-quality work, therefore we expect the
same in the future.
In these examples, "therefore" serves as a connector that signals a logical relationship, often
indicating a cause-and-effect connection or a conclusion drawn from the information presented. It
adds coherence to the language by explicitly stating the inference or consequence.

Page 8 of 13
The conjunction "so that" is used to express purpose, intent, or the reason behind
an action. It introduces a clause that indicates the goal or desired outcome. Here are 10 examples
illustrating the use of "so that" as a conjunction:
1. Expressing Purpose:
o Example: She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.
2. Stating Intentions:
o Example: He worked overtime so that he could finish the project ahead of schedule.
3. Indicating a Desired Result:
o Example: She saved money diligently so that she could afford a vacation.
4. Explaining Motivation:
o Example: They exercised regularly so that they could improve their fitness.
5. Clarifying Objectives:
o Example: He set a strict schedule so that he could manage his time more
effectively.
6. Presenting Conditions for a Goal:
o Example: She wore a raincoat so that she wouldn't get wet in the rain.
7. Demonstrating Cause and Effect:
o Example: They planted trees around the house so that they could create shade in
the backyard.
8. Providing Explanations for Actions:
o Example: She woke up early every morning so that she could enjoy the quiet time
before work.
9. Establishing a Chain of Events:
o Example: He prepared a detailed proposal so that he could secure funding for the
project.
10. Creating Conditions for Success:
o Example: They collaborated closely so that they could produce a high-quality
product.
In these examples, "so that" serves to connect the main clause with a subordinate clause,
emphasizing the purpose or intent behind the action. It helps to add clarity and specificity to the
reasons for certain actions or decisions.

Page 9 of 13
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions so/so that / therefore
1. She studied hard, __________ she could pass the exam.

2. The weather forecast predicted rain, __________ they decided to reschedule the event.
3. He saved money diligently, __________ he could buy a new car.
4. The traffic was heavy, __________ we had to leave early.
5. She woke up early, __________ she could catch the first train.
6. He practiced the piano daily, __________ he could perform at the concert.
7. She wore a raincoat, __________ she wouldn't get wet in the rain.
8. He worked overtime, __________ he could finish the project on time.
9. The instructions were unclear, __________ they sought clarification.
10. She attended the workshop, __________ she could learn new skills.
11. The food was ready, __________ they called everyone to the table.
12. She left a note, __________ we would know where she went.
13. He exercised regularly, __________ he could maintain good health.
14. The movie was popular, __________ it sold out quickly.
15. The store had a sale, __________ she bought a new dress.
16. The team practiced hard, __________ they could win the championship.
17. She planted flowers in the garden, __________ it would look more colorful.
18. They took a map, __________ they wouldn't get lost.
19. He attended the meeting early, __________ he could secure a good seat.
20. She apologized, __________ she realized her mistake.
Answers: 1. so that 2. so 3. so that 4. so
5. so that 6. so that 7. so that 8. so that 9. so
10. so that 11. therefore 12. so that 13. so that 14. therefore
15. so that 16. so that 17. so that 18. so that 19. so that
20. therefore

Page 10 of 13
The conjunction "or" is used to present alternatives, choices, or to
indicate a logical relationship where one of two possibilities may occur. Here are 10
examples illustrating the use of "or" as a conjunction:
1. Presenting Choices:
o Example: You can have tea or coffee for breakfast.
2. Expressing Alternatives:
o Example: We can go to the park or visit the museum.
3. Offering Options:
o Example: You can wear a dress or a pair of jeans to the party.
4. Indicating Possibility:
o Example: It might rain, or the sun might come out later.
5. Creating Contrasts:
o Example: You can study now or procrastinate until later.
6. Highlighting Different Outcomes:
o Example: You can either save your money or spend it on non-
essentials.
7. Introducing Conditions:
o Example: You can come early or join us later in the evening.
8. Expressing Preferences:
o Example: Do you prefer sweet or savory snacks?
9. Indicating Mutual Exclusivity:
o Example: Choose the red shirt or the blue one; you can't have both.
10.Conveying Mutual Exclusivity in Questions:
o Example: Is the answer true or false?
In these examples, "or" serves to present options or alternatives, allowing for a clear
expression of different possibilities within a sentence. It's a versatile conjunction that
helps build flexibility and variety in language, especially when conveying choices
or presenting contrasting ideas.

Page 11 of 13
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions or/and
1. You can have tea __________ coffee for breakfast.

2. She likes to swim __________ snorkel in the ocean.
3. You can choose between the red __________ blue shirt.
4. He can play the guitar __________ the piano.
5. The team can either practice now __________ later in the evening.
6. You can visit the museum __________ the art gallery.
7. You can either go for a run __________ take a yoga class.
8. She is fluent in English __________ French.
9. You can buy the dress online __________ at the local store.
10. He is neither tall __________ short; he is of average height.
11. They can either call me now __________ send an email later.
12. The movie is either a drama __________ a comedy.
13. She can either cook dinner at home __________ order takeout.
14. He can choose between the chocolate __________ vanilla ice cream.
15. The book is interesting __________ informative.
16. They can either come to the party __________ attend the wedding.
17. You can either finish the report today __________ submit it tomorrow.
18. The laptop can be used for work __________ entertainment.
19. She can either go to the gym __________ do a home workout.
20. The solution is either simple __________ complex.
Answers: 1. or 2. and 3. or 4. and
5. or 6. and 7. or 8. and 9. or
10. and 11. or 12. or 13. or 14. or
15. and 16. or 17. or 18. for 19. or
20. or

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SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE

GRAMMAR | SPOKEN | CONVERSATION | PRONUNCIATION |ONE TO ONE DISCUSSION

In each of these examples, "and" helps to connect elements, indicating a relationship

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

1. She loves to swim __________ she is afraid of deep water.

Answers: 1. but 2. but 3. but 4. but 5. but

6. but 7. and 8. but 9. but 10.but 11.but

12.and 13.but 14.but 15.but 16.but 17.but

18.but 19.but 20.and

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

1. Expressing Cause and Effect:

In these examples, "so" serves to establish a relationship between the clauses,

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

In these examples, "yet" serves to introduce a contrasting or unexpected element,

1. She hasn't called me __________.

Answers: 1. yet 2. so 3. so 4. yet 5. so

6. yet 7. yet 8. so 9. so 10.so 11.yet

12.yet 13.yet 14.so 15.yet 16.so 17.yet

18.yet 19.yet 20.but

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

1. Expressing Cause and Effect:

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

1. She studied hard, __________ she could pass the exam.

Answers: 1. so that 2. so 3. so that 4. so

5. so that 6. so that 7. so that 8. so that 9. so

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SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

1. You can have tea __________ coffee for breakfast.

Answers: 1. or 2. and 3. or 4. and

10. and 11. or 12. or 13. or 14. or

15. and 16. or 17. or 18. for 19. or

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SKH SPOKEN ENGLISH ONLINE COURSE |SKH IELTS|PTE ONLINE PREPARATION

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