Submitted by- SAGINA SUWAL Submitted to –

DATE:2081/03/30 SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At first I would like to thanks our science ma'am

[Dil Kesari ma'am] and Suraj sir to give us chance
to visit mushroom farm at Katunje , suryabinayak.
I would also thanks our ECA department to give us
this opportunity. From this field visit we have
learned many things about mushroom and
learned how mushroom is grown and also how
mushroom's seeds are made/formed. So I would
again like to thanks our science ma'am and sir to
helping us to get knowledge and give us
knowledge.
TABLE OF CONTEXT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. METHODOLOGY
4. FINIDINGS
5. RESULT
6. CONCLUSION /RECOMMEDATIONS
INTRODUCTION

Mushroom is an achlorophyllous , filamentous and fleshy

organisms. Mushroom is a fungus. It has saprophytic mode of
nutritions. So it derives its nutrients from decaying body or
dead body, organic matter. Mushrooms are found in dark
and damp place on decaying organic matter. Mushroom is
also a healthy food because it doesn't contain fat. It is rich in
protein and vitamins.
FACT FILES

 The mushroom doesn't grow well at higher

temperatures . It 's mycelium grows better around 25
degree celcius and it's fruting body grow better at 17
degree celcius.
 There are more than 1,20,000 known species of
mushroom.
 A sun dried mushroom can be store for 120 days.

REASONABLE FACT
 WHY DO MUSHROOM IS GROW IN MOIST AND DARK
PLACE?
 The mushroom is grow in moist ad dark place
because they produce faster in moist place.
MUSHROOM IS HEALTHY FOOD. WHY?
 Mushroom is healthy food because it dosen't
contain fat and rich in protein.

DRIED MUSHROOM SHOULD BE STORE IN AN

ALRIGHT CONTAINER.WHY?
 The dried mushroom should be store in an
alright container to prevent decay.

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OBJECTIVE

 TO GET KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE

MUSHROOM.

 TO KNOW HOW TO GROW THE

MUSROOM.

 TO KNOW THE STRUCTURE OF THE

MUSHROOM.

 TO KNOW THE LIFE CYCLE OF

MUSHROOM.

 TO KNOW THE IMPORTANCE OF

MUSHROOM.

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METHODOLOGY

 We went to field visit on 2081/02/--

and learned about mushroom.
 We learned many more things from
book .
 We learned and get some ideas and
knowledge from our teacher's and
parent's.
 We also get knowledge from internet
and social medias.

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FINDINGS

From this report we can to knew about :

STRUCTURE OF MUSHROOM

The body of mushroom may

be differentiated into a
vegetative body and fruiting
body. The fruiting body is
composed of stalk and cap.
The open umbrella_shape
structure[cap] of fruiting
body is called pileus.
Gills are the reproductive surface of mushroom . Gills
maximize the surface area for the production of spores
and it also helps to hold up the cap of the mushroom.
Basidium produces the spores for reproduction in
mushroom. Micro-scopic spores producing structures
in the gills are called basidia.
The vegetative part of mushroom is called mycelium.
Mycelium is present below the ground level. It is
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formed from group of interwoven filaments of hyphae.
Hyphae is threadlike single celled wide filametous
structure that branches to form mycelium.

LIFE CYCLE OF MUSHROOM

In life cycle of mushroom firstly fertile cells are

released. Fertile cells are called basidia and sterile cell
are called paraphyses . A basidium contain two
haploids nucleus one positive strain and one negative
strain which form one diploid nucleus within same cell.
Finger like projections of basidium are called
sterigmata. It helps to hold each basidiospores and

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support them to remain attached to the basidium . The
spores get mature and detach from the sterigmata and
fall on the ground. Air and water may disperse the
spores. After some days the basidium [spores] started
to germinated and formed tiny strands of cell called
hyphae which helps to develop the primary mycelium.
Primary mycelium can be of positive or negative strain.
And they mate with each other and form [ baby
mushroom] hyphal knot. After this process primordial
formed and after few days the fruiting body will
germinated . Fruitingbody get mature and formed a
new mushroom. This process will be continue until
human beings orother organism destroy it's life
process.

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 IMPORTANCE OF MUSHROOM

NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCES
 Edible mushroom are rich in sources of protein .
 Ergosterol which is the precursor for vitamin –D
synthesis in human body .
 They are rich in dietary and fermentable fibers.
 Mushrooms are rich in vitamin-B like
riboflavin,niacin, etc.

MEDICINAL IMPORTANCES
 Mushroom have been shown to promote immune
function ;boost health ; lower the risk of cancer ;
etc.
 It is good for heart because it content lower fat,
absences of cholestores.
 It is rich in the antioxidants to reduces the ageing
process.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCES
 Commerical production of mushroom enchances
the economic level of farmers.

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  Commericial production of mushroom generates
employment.
 The pharmaceutiul industry obtains valuable drugs
for the treatment cancer, diabetics, high
cholesterol, depression, and low immunity from
mushroom.
 Industrially, many varieties of mushrooms are
used for the production of antibiotics, antiviral,
and fungal drugs.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCES

 Mushroom are syprohytes and therefore
decompose complex organic matter into simpler
usable forms cleaning our surrounding
environments .
 They support in cycling nutients between the
producers and consumers.
 Wild mushroom are the sources of food for
arthropod and mammals.

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RESULTS
In mushroom farm we learned that how the
mushroom is grown and what should we do or
what we should not do . In result we learn about
mushroom and know how to grow them.At result
we know the sufficient knowledge and ideas
about the mushroom

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MUSHROOM FARMING
In our country, mushroom farming is done using straw
wooden logs. The steps of mushroom farming using
paddy straw:-
1. Collect straw and shred it into small pieces of
about 2.5cm to 5cm.
2. Boil the straw in water for 10 to 15 mins.
3. Drain out the water and spread the straw in clean
plastics or cloths under the fan or the sun lights for
a few hour . Remember that straw should not be
over dried.
4. Take a hollow plastics and tie it's bottom firmly
with rubber or rope to make it round .
5. Put some handful of straw in the plasticbag and
press lightly.
6. Sprinkle mushroom seeds[spores] around the
corner of the layer.
7. Again, put some handful of straw over the layer
and sprinkle mushroom spores . repeat the
process until bag is full.
8. Cover the bag with straw and gently press it and
tie the mouth of the bag.

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9. Make some holes in bag with the help of clean and
sharp knife and also make it warm and dark for 8-
10 days.
10. After 8-10 days , signs of germination of
mushroom is seen .some white mycelial spots are
visible in the bag .
11. About 17 days you can see mushroom
sprouting out of the plastic bag.
12. At about 23-26 days the mushroom is ready
for harvesting.
13. Then our mushroom is ready to cook and eat
it.

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CONCLUSION /RECOMMENDATION

At conclusion I would like to thanks our science

ma'am and sir for field visit and also giving us an
important knowledge . From field visit we get
more knowledge and undersand about
mushroom.

In recommendation I would like say that time for

field visit was not sufficient for us to observe the
mushroom plantation . If time was sufficient then
other students who are weak in study they would
undersand more.

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MUSHROOM FARM