Cell injury

DR PREETI SHARMA
MBBS, MD
GOLD MEDALLIST
One Liners
● 102
Most common cause of cell injury HYPOXIA
● Most common cause of hypoxia ISCHEMIA Bloodsupply x
● Cell most sensitive to hypoxia BRAIN NEURONS 3 5 mins
● Cell most resistant to hypoxia FIBROBLAST
Injury

a
Adaptation

Rev Cell Injury

Irrev Cell Injury

Cell death
Reversible Cell Injury
Hypoxia to 2

IN
Eigg
CHANGE
e
t
iF_yy

wre
Nat Kt ATPase
pump
 8
4201 HYDRO pic
I NEW X
g CHANGE
8 CELLULAR
E SWELLING
I FIRST
2MY MORPHOLOGICAL
CHANGE
EYEres
 Myelin figure
start IT REV C I
IP in IRREV C I

Composition
PHOSPHOLIPID y Cat
MCQ

Myelin figures are derived from?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Ribosomes
 WAIT

A RER

H
Head
Ip
I
Nuclear in
damaging
 2 points
Irreversible Cell Injury Membrane
defining damage
Mito
damage
XX Wm x x x

MI

F
phospholipase
nuclease
protease
n Mudiessarolution
condensation fragmentation

gggggi
 CELLDEATI
Necrosis

Pathological celldeath

D Inflammation
1. Coagulative Necrosis
O

a
ARCHITECTURE PRESERVED
E YEE
dead
g É
APPEARANCE

kidney
 I
COLLIQUATIVE
Necrosis

MALAKAR
Ketosis

BRAIN
3. Caseous Necrosis Him g
Fungal infection
CCHistoplasma

High
tent.i
tepid

in
TUBERCULATE

cell wall

LIB Mycolic Acid

4. Fat Necrosis PREAST OOMENTEY
omentum I
AYEcreatitis

Cat Ey
O
Alipase
CHALKY Blatfat
WHITE go
Cart faatid
Carta
5. Fibrinoid Necrosis
PAN
Malignant H TN
SCE
6. Gangrene

G Coag Necrosis
G Lig necrosis
O
7. Zenker’s Degeneration
iÉaÉ

0Coag.Necrosi
IypyoidfeverCS.Typhi Rectus Abdominis
SKELETAL Muscle Necrosis
Diaphragmatic
muscle
Fix
10 Neutral
Buffered
formalin
MCQ
A 61 YEAR OLD female patient presents with left sided chest
pain, radiating to the left arm and jaw. patient explains that the
pain has increased severely over the past 40minutes. She is
immediately rushed to the hospital. Cardiac enzymes are
elevated. The patient is admitted and started on thrombolytic
therapy. However on the fifth day of observation she suddenly
collapses and dies. Which of the following necrosis are you
most likely to find in the heart of this patient?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Coagulative necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Fibrinoid necrosis
Apoptosis
cell
●
●
Definition
Caspase Dependent Programmed
Inflammation? death
jaggy
enzyme

Es
g
ÉXageaving
organogenesisembryogenesis if defective
fused fingers
● Physiological COUNCILMAN BODY Hc syndactyly
●
OF
Pathological
CIVATTE BODY lichen Planus
Mechanism Of Apoptosis M I

caspas s5 5
Apoptosis

Initiation
a
Execution

Extrinsic
caspases

g
Pathway

Intrinsic
Pathway
CASPASE 9
ExtrinsicPathwad 8
Extrinsic

FCDIgligand TRIMER'sAton
satiric cell
OF Fas CD95

Procaspase 8,10

Caspase 8,10
Initiation- Intrinsic Pathway INTRINSIC
e
If Ux

Stressors
cell

BIP BAX
BIM NOXA PUMA

pro apoftotic factor

apti
apop factor
Bd 2 f
p53 Ba
Bax
I tain'T lower
apop
 I
send a signal to mitochondria

APOPTosome
I
A PAR I activate
caspase 9
Execution 3 6,7
caspase

apoptotic
0
f bodies

MY
o
I by
signal
to
FLIPPING OF
Phosphate
killing
 Annexing Anagni
Identification Of Apoptosis HAIRY CELL
Apoptosis
Q ANNEXIN I LEUKEMIA
● Marker
O CD 95 Fas
o
●
●
D
Molecular marker
Microscopic examination
● Gel electrophoresis

D DHallmark O
1 smearing ofApop
I Apink
494Necro's's T A BLUE
NUCLEAR CHROMATIN
Apop CONDENSATION
MCQ

The following gel electrophoresis pattern of patient B

is seen in?

A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Both
D. None
 Bty
Necroptosis
CASPASE INDEPENDENT PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

ÉF
ÉWftffsteatoepatihs
formation
Pancreatitis
 I
Mechanism Of Necroptosis
TNF TNF RC
I

É
ML KL phosphorylation
NECROPTOSIS
MCQ

Which of the following is incorrect about necroptosis? Pig

A. Caspase independent programmed cell death True
B. RIP1/RIP3 complex formed True
C. Caspase 8 is required
D. AD
Growth plate formation follows necroptosis Tove
 death
2
Pyroptosis

oi
g
MCQ

Which of the following is incorrect about pyroptosis?

A. Seen in response to Shigella

B.
C. o
TLR used
caspase 1 is required
D. IL1 activated
Cellular Adaptation

● Hypertrophy
● Hyperplasia
● Atrophy
● Metaplasia

● Dysplasia
D'D
 or
O
O 7gooo t
g
stone
Intestine
UB
 0 a

Estrogen
Éey a
hdinydrster.me

R
ÉEdTFodApg
FINASTERIE
Itg muscle atrophy seen in
y
Io
Nervesuppy X
I Estrogen Endometrial
atrophy
 Endometrial
cancer

Endo Atrophy
Endo IP
t
t
Endo cancer
Endo cancer

OO
Poppy
 FEEL
0
REFERSTATEMENITE

ofsteOPA
Reprogram
ÉmaEi
 EGERlL

Columnar Bath
toff

Gobineau
metaplasia

ggg.gs YIdIcianB've
Barrett's
O O cancend
Eso

O
y
Item
 TETE 2

E dit Trave
Lower limb trauma
egg
All are true about metaplasia

except?

1)Slow growth

2)Reversible with treatment

3)irreversible

4)Can be precancerous
Accumulations and stains

MELANIN
SUBSTANTIANIGRATIFIETORE'T I HMB4

LIPOFUSC.HN SEFEITROIFYFEITIESTaF IÉÉINJURY

RIa
HEMO BLOOD SIDER IN E I stain
R 7
copper
RUBEANIC ACID
PRUSSIAN
PAS PINK BLUE
PERL'S
STAIN
i
SBB
Mlc organ for fat deposition s

Fatin
Q
Tarot Tabbycat app

I Spl stain OIL REDO

SUDAN BLACK B
A
Calcification eg HyperPTH
Vit DPP
Types
KSARCOIDOSII
MULTIPLE
M MYELOMA
Dystrophic Calcification Metastatic Calcification Bonylysis
I I
DEAD DEGENERATING TISSUES NORMAL
TISSUE
BLOOD CALCIUM BLOOD Cat PT
 Dystrophiccard
1 Dead parasite
2 Dead TB
3 MONCKEBERG SCLEROSIS
aka Calcific MEDIAL T media
Emerton signifies
RS
7mmomaBoDiEs
14 Papillary carcinoma
Serous ovarian tumor
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
 MITOCHONDRIAN
cast in
DEO

gtwÉIGÉj
É

IMF Eof cat s Alizarin Reds

Q) Elderly female patient presented to the outpatient department with
presence of a lump in right breast measuring 5x4cm. The lump was firm to
hard in consistency. The right axillary group of lymph nodes is also
palpable and shows presence of tumor
Finndeposits. There is deposition of an
amorphous material noted which stains positive with von kossa stain.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the same?
t
A) Grossly calcium appears chalky white in color Tru e

B) Von Kossa gives a black color to calcium True

C) Stain for picking up minute quantities of calcium include alizarin red S

X Tomas
D) First site of deposition of calcium is the endoplasmic reticulum
Q) Which Of The Following Stains Is Best Suited For The Diagnosis Of
Glycogen?

A. Oil red O
fat
Fe Hemosedean
B. Perl’s stain
C. PAS
D. Congo red
Amyloid
carbonate
 It
Autophagy
1 Marker?

Inhabalism
If Eating
● 2016: Noble prize autophagy
LC3

s
Malnutrition Senile AB
eg
● Yoshinori ohsumi
diseasey
Gene?

Atg1
Cellular Ageing
il
FREE RADICAL INJURY
●
I
Why are we ageing?!!

Telomereshoratening
TELOMERE TTA 999

IT
q SHORTER I each
cell division
BIRTH Max telomeres
 TELRASEE

shortingelomere

Itelomerased
d

Immortality
 SIR Tu ins
● How to prolong lifespan??

calorie o
restriction
Role of sirtuins?

D
A B
C
d I 1 YR
Anti Re DM
Benefit cancers
ageing of
sirtuins
Premature ageing

Progeroid Syndrome
CHILDHOOD PROGERA
HUTCHINSON
GILFORD
Werner
Syndrome
ADULT SX
PROGERIA
I
dit DNA Helicase
defect
Werner syndrome is defect in?
t
1) DNA helicase
2) NER genes
3) MMR genes
4) All of the above
Note! PREMATURE EN I
AGEING
YI
N
Wer er M
Wer er
Syndrome Syndrome
Free Radical Injury- FORMATION??
 FREE RADICAL INJURY
Y R O S Reactive
formation species

02 Fenton's Rn
Poisons MOST
chemicals
FerjeftiePotent
OH
sterox
Oz
ÉÉer 43 3
dismutase
Hydrogen Hydroxyl
Free Radical Injury- PROTECTION?

ANTIOXIDANTS Vit A C E

TRANSPORT PROTEINS FE A TRANSFERRIN

CuesCERULOPLASMIN
Enzymts
catalase

ÉÉ GlutathionePeroxidase
d