Ben 2oplunove <O

- CHD
Date :

ALDEHY DE KETO NES Page:

# Mctaod o4 preaaaton 4 alclehyde and ketone.

()
By oxvdation a phenolsAluelhola
ALolno10 cLcleyde ocarboxylt aud

Jones aqent CH;coy vnaa acetone) oYidt'se 1° alcohot

o alcdehyde only..

(Tones reaqunb
sotveyt
PCC do_Mot oxid'se czC doible boud .
u very good orid'sng aqent PLC ((5 Hs N'H CHou
for oxidi'sing 1°al ono ’ *alcl eh yde 2°alevho1 ’ ketone

Lead tetra acetate laleohol alddhy du)

Mme, oMvert alyc alhol and bM 2y ' e '
alcoho1to aldehyde t ketone

Kekone prpared pem aleohols

By catalyh dehydogena hon q aleohol.

Cbetter metnod
tttstseR-CHO,tMn mann oxdy
R-cH,-oM

R
E0tt
 'c6 hodqives nleophilic addi'ton rh
CC bond qivesS electoþhilie addit'on en
Date :

todol Pege:

(3) rom Hydo (arbons

(4) rom alkenes (ononlysi's) (Rettttita)
-C
t Og

020M'de
From Hy drahon q allkynts Ckuherov's rea cHm)
m)
Orkd Cketu-uol tauctomeric

H,ccH

(tautome ri'sm)

(AIdo)

rom Acyl culori'des CA cid chlor 'des)

for aldeh e (RDSENMUND'S RENCTION) 2RoSENMUND'S RN.
Pd, Bas Os
R-C-H HU

LBAH also recu ces R-c-u to R-CHO

For ke tos
2R--R tcdcl,
Tketenes Cant be prepared by Koceu u nds KeacthoM at u tétho
ebtetnt d futtttertett t # ttntd and also Grignatd Raget
(5 Proa ta tty acids
’By heatiug caleium salt of faty Acids
 dndustra lly im po tant method tor prcparig
alduydes Oxo press . Date:
Propcu0ue 1 Aldol coudencahon Page:

Aldeuydes are obtaiued by ueatLMG caleiUMM salk

tatly acids with caleiun torsiate
+ Ca
645k
CHy(00
(kalauy)
atetote foxmate)
ce toves are formaed by di'stillisç ealciwm sal:
6F fatty aeid,
Ca
615kH,tHg
yield is pQor becausc of forwmatuon ot othcr products
(6) From nitrvles and Esters
NItrle Snl
aldeuyde.
(Redueti on )
) ReNt snltH CL RCH NH RCHO

tii) RCN th otsAt-t, R-CHO

) H,
PIGALH diisohutyl AlumiMUM Hy dride AlH C-B)s

tTrowm qRiUNAD REAUENT

for keto Mee

9
CH,C N+ CH,C-R tt
CH3 --R

PRERARATION QE AROMAtlC MDEHYDt AND KEtoNE

CiEro m HypRD LAR BON
14) oidation 64 MLyl Benzene Ctoluune)

(ogco),° 3t3 .
 Dala

Payo

Cb)Etad Kcact'oL
CHO

CBcuzaldcliyde)
ftty

6y sice cha' clilori'Acti'ou followed by Mydholy sis

313K

ttermaun koch Recta Cketv clol tae bouel'sh)

(3 Ga
tco

) frtedal trat Acylatibn,

AtUs(aMAy)
(Acetopheuoue)
attts C To) (Benzophenen)

Benzophenoue Ca alko be preparcd by friedsl Craft

8eu2ee

(YNTHESIS
f6AtIERMANN AIDEHN DE
A
CHO
 BP Alcotwt >ALdLNae Ketoue > atdelycu > ydtoabow
tewer we mbers ald-] ketone (upto 4catten)
ave solub le in water'. Page:

Aldeliyde 4 ke toues qve nucleopurlit stshation

addtitot
rrn.
ketoues are less keactive ttian aldchydes. bcause E
ERG decr cases tve charge deussty eu carhouyl ca
and bcause 6t sterre hiu deranu
R

H H R
Reacttvtty deer ases
ER4 dectCases Me reachy hy touwards wIeleophilr
subsiriutroy reectron

NUCLEoPHI LLC ADD ITLON REALTLON

Proeuct cycnohydnn CN
Cyanohydu'a)

HC1+ Na HUN
AdcdyBvon 4 sodiam Hydreqeuuphite ÑaHso,)
PCan be reverse4
29 + NaHSO,
fodium (0isulphik add' producy
produt
wucleopnn1e
Aldeaydes and auly na ayl keto nes gives th't xn.

ermal dehyde lA|tao aldihyde ’2°altoho ketoue 43°alshdt.

(4) Addytvon ot AlcohosR (Attacxvg
oR'
mueleopules oR)
R
K t e'oH (Hesuact a)
H
4
Acctal stable to alkcli.but seact ithawd (acetal)
to reqesate cidediy ds
Acetat are fo med easly hile ketsls ate mot aned
 Bckwann vearrcugeneut (Coviverston of
vearrlg
RN-DH Hso4sou] socl,,g-NH.
R texinu) (substhhoted Prge
anide)
ReplacENENT OfCA RBON YL OX yq£ ATOM Bdg
la)l Adcltom 6 cmmoniader'vaivs
Hf

’used or me vdenti teation &t (Grhonyl tampood

Wien prvdCt ’oxt'we
OXWU t acd - aldehydel lcetone
NaM aiee
2 produt KyNNH,
hydrazouee
NH
NH, NH Hydrazine
preduet pheuylhydrazMe

nh 2,4 DNP Coinitobheuyl Hydrszine).

(A cctaldehyde 2,H di nitop huwgl

Hydrazo e)
2’ semi(arbazrdes
( H, NNHCONH,) produet ’ sew'eabazOLLes
Tus xn 15 catalyscd by acids-Aue to torm ation st
snprotauated tarbonyl gzoup3
Aln MuhaKm.
--oH rotonated
(From acid) carbenyl group
NZ

T(roduct)
hasic
formatioM t pctouakd
ophmum pH 4 Me medi'unm’3»5
 2,4 -0NPdertvahves ’ yellow,orangei ve
2,4 DNP ’Brady's teageut Date:
Page:

(6) Re actvouwth ammoni'a..

-prod uet ’imins lexeepton >fornald ehyd

6 HCHO_ t 4NHM,o tH
urotropWe to heat
urinary intectvoni
Hexamethylee
tetrai'ne
N'YatvOn ohopr wder tvotroptu)
specified tond'ROX(Reiearch
and develupnunt explosive)
c Reaction woit pri' ary ananes
e0+ H, NR NR Hho (sCHIIrS BASE
NR
(sclrtf's base)
Deliydra oa

ReactvOn wi Pus So l3
product ’ qen dihaide
+Pocz)so,

OxIDATION
(a) Oxidation aldehydeg
’ltastly oxidised to carboxy l'e aid due to Hie
prcsenee of o carhoMyl carb Dh whch is eactly
Loxi dised to oH Mout cuy deavse okucr bend.
sheng red uuug agiut ’ aldehyde.
Thcy red uce ’ ’ metalic silver
feulisG colutien (alk.Cuso4) ’ red ezt Cu,o
Beucdit sol"(ake (uioy thak ta)’red pet cuyo
 ketones are wt oxrcli secd by Tolleu's ,ehl'ng's t Beue 'ct's
Date

Prge:

(sil ver wirror test)

Reclueton a feuling's roluhon.

Lalk: cusoy concuimG Rocuelle cclt Liodiua potassi
tartaraH)

ftig
reayu're alkaine nediu
cowplering ageu

RCHO t2lu + 50H

Credppt)
Rocnelle salt OH-eH -too Nat

(3
lk lus oy t'hate ion as coniplertng ageut
Culceowepler)
Peili'uq ABeuedtcan oridie ouly aliphaic aldehyde
not aeioWiaht aldeay des.
Co) Orvdat 'on 6 ketoMes
’eii'sed by OKTisLn ag e ntt as oxd" nvo |ves
cleavage f 5ondb|w carbohyl earbon and &carbon
protuct - arboxytt c t aortrng pupofts rut.
(1)
Oxidatvon ét met hyl Ketone by lalo form yxn
OT-NGOHx ONa +CHX

haleorna
R-cHO t set H, o

C, qoup cHO H Couvert E elle) n prseu u

 LiAMy
nsatur ated aldeiy d e LKetou.
Pags

1 REDULT ION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

(a) Recuction to Al conol
Aldeltyde 1 caleoliol ketone +2" AtcoLrof

A t n t ttg to o

P
H Ni or Li A|Hy tGHGCH=CHCHO

H,cH,QH
iedued) (oily c-o ts reduerd)
b) Reducivou to ny droCarbons
-cH
) cleMnmeusen's reduchon
Zn (H9)
Cone. HCI

i) wolt KrshnerY ereduction

NH, -NH |koy
R-cH,-R+N2t Ho
y55-475 k

solveut ethylne glycol

REATION bUE TO A HYDROGEN

Hydroqeu ’ acidic due to strong Eweffect . carbenyl
qroup f resonaue stabilisahon coju5ate 6ase

charge moresteble ne more En eleeut

 Date:

Page:

(a) Aldol cendecncation (imeversible)

condeSa tiov t - uusa turated Hyd vocG rboy
product ’A1do1
e Hydroxy ajdthydes

slow
LCHCHO + oH CH, C-H(nueleophi le)
fast
9n,
dg-CHa

ros.sed A1dol 0mdeuS atiou. (Ha

clcu'seu shnidE Reac41'ou

cH,= (H- (HO

Claiseu comdeusaio4
[akes plate b<w aronaic eldehyde f alphahe aldehyc

0THERREATIONS
aj CaMM1I7 Aro's reaet i'on cHO,ce Hs Wo
ALdely des olauh do MO1 ueve e H tike H
alcauet t
wey heakd wih toyc (sol) Nao4 give
salt &cat hox ylic acid
 ketoee do uot give canizzaD YXn
Bestey of disproporlionahon my. oato:
Page:

Ceme

-'H HO NaoH, (H,oH eooNG

.(HO

CHO
CoONa

for comp eund loutauig

H, H CH CHO

CHCH = (H CH= CHCH CH, CHog

On crosscd caMMi201o
d woula be conespaucu'M to Hat aldehy de
over whi ch is less bulk
CGHe CH o