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Atlas of Structural Geological and Geomorphological Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images
Atlas of Structural Geological and Geomorphological
Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images

Edited by

Achyuta Ayan Misra

Reliance Industries Ltd.
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Soumyajit Mukherjee
Department of Earth Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
This edition first published 2023
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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The right of Achyuta Ayan Misra and Soumyajit Mukherjee to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted
in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for

Hardback: 9781119813354

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: © Elena11/Shutterstock.com

Set in 10/12pt Warnock by Straive, Pondicherry, India

We dedicate this book to Prof. Ravi P Gupta and Late Prof. Barham Parkash. They taught us remote sensing
and geomorphology, respectively, in our Masters’ coursework of Applied Geology in IIT Roorkee (SM: 1999–2002;
AAM: 2003–2006). AAM did his Masters’ thesis under Prof. Gupta.
 vii

Contents

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
About the Companion Website xxi

Section A Background 1

Introduction to “Atlas of Structural Geological and Geomorphological Interpretation

of Remote Sensing Images” 3
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Soumyajit Mukherjee

1 Remote Sensing Fundamentals 7

Achyuta Ayan Misra
1.1 What Is Remote Sensing? 7
1.2 Fundamental Processes of Remote Sensing 8
1.3 Advantages of Remote Sensing 10
1.4 Limitations of Remote Sensing 11
1.4.1 Reference Data (Ground Truth) 11
Acknowledgements 14
References 14
Websites 14

2 Classification of Remote Sensing Depending on Data Type, Source, Platform, and Imaging Media 15
Achyuta Ayan Misra
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Data Type 15
2.3 Platforms 15
2.4 Energy Source 17
2.5 Imaging Media 17
2.6 Significance in Geomorphology and Structural Geology 18
Acknowledgements 19
References 19
Websites 21

Section B Geomorphology 23

3 Geodynamic Quantification of Mid-Channel Bar Morphology: A Spatio-Temporal Study 25

Suraj Gupta and Mery Biswas
3.1 Introduction 25
3.1.1 Study Area 25
3.1.2 Methodology 27
viii Contents

3.2 Discussions 27
Acknowledgements 29
Appendix 29
References 29

4 Geomorphic Indicators of Glacier Retreat from Jorya Garang Glacier of Baspa Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India 31
Bhushan S. Deota, Yogi N. Trivedi, Ishmohan Bahuguna, Mudit D. Mankad, and Chinmay U. Dongare
4.1 Introduction 31
4.2 Geomorphic Characteristics of the Jorya Garang Glacier 31
Acknowledgements 37
References 37

5 Aerial Views of the 2018 Kilauea Eruption, Hawaii, U.S.A. 39

Benjamin R. Jordan
5.1 Introduction and Start of Eruption 39
5.2 Lava Behavior 39
5.3 Eruption End 39
Acknowledgements 45
References 45

6 Depositional Systems – An Overview Via Google Earth 47

Muhammad Awais
6.1 Introduction 47
6.2 Indus River (Pakistan) 47
6.3 Meandering River System (Alberta, Canada) 47
6.4 Horton River System and Horton Delta (Canada) 48
6.5 Nile River and Nile Delta (Egypt) 48
6.6 Lake Ayakum, Tibet (China) 48
6.7 Satpara Lake and Alluvial Fans in Skardu (Pakistan) 48
6.8 Alluvial Fans in China 48
6.9 Dunes in Rub al-Khali (Southern Arabian Peninsula) 48
6.10 Star Dunes in Algeria 48
6.11 Musa Bay (Estuary) in Iran 49
Acknowledgements 61
References 61

7 The Lateritic Badlands of Garbeta (West Bengal, India) 63

Priyank Pravin Patel, Sayoni Mondal, and Rajarshi Dasgupta
7.1 Introduction 63
7.2 Regional Setting of the Gangani Tract 63
7.3 Badland Formation within Laterites at Gangani 65
Acknowledgements 73
Funding 73
References 73
Appendix A 75
Appendix B 75

8 Geomorphology along the West Coast of India, Through Remote Sensing 77

Chinmay U. Dongare, Bhushan S. Deota, Aditya U. Joshi, and Manoj A. Limaye
8.1 Introduction 77
8.2 Geomorphic Characteristics of the Goa Coast 77
Acknowledgements 90
References 90
 Contents ix

9 Fluvial Geomorphology in a Part of the Spiti River Basin, Himachal Pradesh, India 93
Achyuta Ayan Misra
9.1 General Geology 93
9.2 Image Interpretation 93
Acknowledgements 109
References 109

Section C Structural Geology 111

10 Deformation Bands Mapped in the Miocene Sandstone-Dominated Outcrops, Sengkurong,

Brunei Darussalam, SE Asia 113
Syaakiirroh Sahari, DK Aaisyah, Amirul Shahbuddin, and Afroz A. Shah
10.1 Mapping of Deformation Bands 113
Acknowledgements 117
References 117

11 Disaggregation Deformation Bands Dominate the Trapping and Sealing Process at the Lion King Fault Zone,
Brunei, SE Asia 119
Dk Aaisyah, Syaakiirroh Sahari, Afroz A. Shah, Ain Said, Ezra Jayasuriya, and Prassana
11.1 Deformation Bands 119
Acknowledgement 124
References 124

12 Surface Deformation Along Katrol Hill Fault, Kachchh, Evidenced by Satellite and DEM Data 125
Atul K. Patidar, Mohamedharoon Shaikh, Prabhuti Tiwari, Deepak M. Maurya, and Laxman S. Chamyal
12.1 Tectonic Geomorphology of KHF 125
Acknowledgements 132
References 132

13 Tectonics, Fault Zones, and Topography in the Alaska–Canada Cordillera with a Focus on the Alaska Range
and Denali Fault Zone 135
Jonathan Saul Caine and Jeff A. Benowitz
13.1 Introduction 135
13.2 Regional Tectonics of the Northern Cordillera 135
13.3 The Denali Fault and the Alaska Range: Topography, Geophysics, and Crustal Processes 139
13.4 Exceptional Bedrock Exposures Reveal Strain Localization Along the Denali Fault 141
Acknowledgements 143
References 143

14 Use of Remote Sensing in Lineament Analysis: Exploring its Potentials in a Humid Subtropical and Semi-Arid
Environment 147
Swakangkha Ghosh, Thota Sivasankar, and Gokul Anand
14.1 A Case Study from Humid Subtropical Region 147
14.2 A Study from an Arid Region 151
Acknowledgements 155
References 156

15 Tectonic Structures Interpretation Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM on the Examples from the Polish Outer
Carpathians 157
Maciej Kania and Mateusz Szczęch
15.1 Introduction 157
15.2 Faults and Joints 157
x Contents

15.3 Overthrusts 158

15.4 Bedding 158
15.5 Folds 158
15.6 The Lubogoszcz Mountain (Figure 15.3) 158
15.7 Ustrzyki Górne Area (Figure 15.4) 159
15.8 Mszana Tectonic Window Area (Figure 15.5) 159
15.9 Dzwonkówka (Beskid Sądecki) (Figure 15.6) 159
15.10 The Barnasiówka Ridge (Figure 15.7) 164
Acknowledgements 165
References 165

16 Spatial Variability of Tectonic Influences on Drainage Networks: Examples from the Narmada-Tapi Interfluve
in Gujarat State, Western India 167
Swarali Vasaikar, Deepak M. Maurya, Prabhuti Tiwari, and Laxman S. Chamyal
16.1 Introduction 167
16.2 Narmada–Tapi Interfluve 167
Acknowledgements 175
References 175

17 Archival Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Image of Faults in a Mixed Carbonate-Clastic
Succession, Northwestern Spring Mountains, Nevada, USA 177
Mark Abolins
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Geologic Setting of the Northwestern Spring Mountains, Nevada 177
17.3 Using Remote Sensing to Subdivide the Johnnie Formation 179
17.4 Imaging Faults Within the Johnnie Formation 181
Acknowledgements 183
References 183

18 Coseismic Surface Rupture and Related Disaster During the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake, Sulawesi Island,
Indonesia 185
Jinrui Liu, Dengyun Wu, Zhikun Ren, Jie Chen, Peng Guo, Gongming Yin, Hongliu Ran, Chuanyou Li, and Gang Su
18.1 The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake 185
18.2 Coseismic Surface Rupture and Related Disaster Produced by the 2018 Palu Earthquake 185
Acknowledgements 194
References 194

19 Structural and Alteration Mapping Using ASTER Imagery and DEM for Gold Mineralization in the Gadag Schist
Belt of Karnataka, India 197
Nisha Rani, Venkata R. Mandla, and Tejpal Singh
19.1 Introduction 197
Acknowledgements 203
References 203

20 Identifying Subtle Deformation Structures from Satellite Images in Parts of the Mesozoic Kachchh (Kutch) Basin,
Kachchh District, Gujarat, India 205
Achyuta Ayan Misra, Arijit Ghosh, and Atul Kumar Patidar
20.1 Introduction 205
20.2 Regional Geology 205
Acknowledgements 216
References 216
 Contents xi

21 Lineament Analysis in a Part of the Son River Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India 217
Achyuta Ayan Misra
21.1 Regional Geology 217
21.2 Lineament Analysis 217
Acknowledgements 228
References 228

22 Meso Scale Sinistral Shear, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Telangana, India 229
Ankita Biswas
22.1 Overview 229
22.2 Description 229
Acknowledgements 229
References 232

23 Regional Polyclinal Fold with Faulted Limbs, Rajasthan, India 233

Ankita Biswas and Priyom Roy
23.1 Overview 233
23.2 Description 233
Acknowledgements 235
References 235

24 Drainage Architecture and Bar Formation of the Rangit Tributaries, Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India 237
Tanwita Deb
24.1 Introduction 237
24.2 Image Analysis 237
Acknowledgements 242
References 242

Index 245
 xiii

List of Contributors

DK Aaisyah Laxman S. Chamyal

Department Geosciences Department of Geology
Universiti Brunei Darussalam The M.S. University of Baroda
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Mark Abolins Jie Chen

Department of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics
Middle Tennessee State University Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration
Murfreesboro, TN, USA Beijing, China

Gokul Anand Rajarshi Dasgupta

North Eastern Space Applications Centre Department of Geography
Shillong, Meghalaya, India East Calcutta Girls’ College
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Muhammad Awais
Department of Geology Tanwita Deb
University of Swabi Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bhopal, Bhauri, India (former)
and
Department of Earth, Environmental & Resources Sciences Bhushan S. Deota
University of Naples Federico II Department of Geology
Naples, Italy The M.S. University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Ishmohan Bahuguna
Space Application Centre Chinmay U. Dongare
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Department of Geology
The M.S. University of Baroda
Jeff A. Benowitz Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Fairbanks, AK, USA
Arijit Ghosh
Ankita Biswas Reliance Industries Ltd.
Geological Survey of India Reliance Corporate Park
Hyderabad, Telangana, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Mery Biswas Swakangkha Ghosh

Department of Geography Cactus Communications Pvt. Ltd.
Presidency University Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Peng Guo
Jonathan Saul Caine Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards
U.S. Geological Survey China Earthquake Administration
Denver, CO, USA Beijing, China
xiv List of Contributors

Suraj Gupta Deepak M. Maurya

Department of Geography Department of Geology
Presidency University The M.S. University of Baroda
Kolkata, West Bengal, India Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Ezra Jayasuriya Achyuta Ayan Misra

Department of Geology Reliance Industries Ltd.
Curtin University Reliance Corporate Park
Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Benjamin R. Jordan Sayoni Mondal

Faculty of Sciences Department of Geography
Brigham Young University – Hawaii Presidency University
Laie, HI, USA Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Aditya U. Joshi Soumyajit Mukherjee

Department of Civil Engineering Department of Earth Sciences
Manipal Institute of Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Manipal Academy of Higher Education Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Manipal, Karnataka, India
Priyank Pravin Patel
Maciej Kania
Department of Geography
Faculty of Geography and Geology Presidency University
Insitute of Geological Sciences Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Jagiellonian University
Kraków, Poland
Atul K. Patidar
Chuanyou Li Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Sciences
Institute of Geology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
China Earthquake Administration Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Beijing, China
Prassana
Manoj A. Limaye Department of Geology
Department of Geology Curtin University
The M.S. University of Baroda Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Hongliu Ran
Jinrui Liu Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards
Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards China Earthquake Administration
China Earthquake Administration Beijing, China
Beijing, China
Nisha Rani
Venkata R. Mandla
Geological Survey of India
CGARD
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
National Institute of Rural Development and
Panchayati Raj
Ministry of Rural Development Zhikun Ren
Government of India Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards
Hyderabad, Telangana, India China Earthquake Administration
Beijing, China
Mudit D. Mankad
Department of Geography Priyom Roy
The M.S. University of Baroda National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Vadodara, Gujarat, India Hyderabad, Telangana, India
 List of Contributors xv

Syaakiirroh Sahari Gang Su

Department Geosciences China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center
Universiti Brunei Darussalam China Earthquake Administration
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Beijing, China

Ain Said Mateusz Szczęch

Department of Geology Faculty of Geography and Geology
Curtin University Institute of Geological Sciences
Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Jagiellonian University
Kraków, Poland
Afroz A. Shah
Department Geosciences Prabhuti Tiwari
Universiti Brunei Darussalam Department of Geology
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei The M.S. University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Amirul Shahbuddin Yogi N. Trivedi

Department of Petroleum Engineering Amnex Infotechnologies
Politeknik Brunei Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Swarali Vasaikar
Department of Geology
Mohamedharoon Shaikh The M.S. University of Baroda
Department of Geology Vadodara, Gujarat, India
The M.S. University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat, India Dengyun Wu
Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards
Tejpal Singh China Earthquake Administration
CSIR – Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Beijing, China
Chandigarh, India
Gongming Yin
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics
Thota Sivasankar Institute of Geology
NIIT University China Earthquake Administration
Neemrana, Rajasthan, India Beijing, China

Preface
Analyses of geological structure and geomorphology
from remote sensing images have been important
disciplines in (applied) Earth Sciences. Students have
excellent (recent) textbooks on remote sensing, struc-
tural geology and geomorphology. However, they lack
numerous quality examples to learn how to interpret the
images in real-world examples. This atlas fills that gap
and benefits both instructors and students. Such a book
would be most useful during the tight semester schedule.
The book comes out as part of our ongoing efforts to pro-
duce atlas and other teaching/lab contents in structural
geology and related disciplines (e.g. Mukherjee 2013,
2014, 2015, 2020, 2021; Bose and Mukherjee 2017; Misra
and Mukherjee 2018; Mukherjee et al. 2020).
After qualifying their degrees, students will mostly
work in industry as geologists and not necessarily as
“structural geologists.” They would require diverse struc-
tural skills, such as image interpretation, which are pres-
ently not taught in structural geology courses in most
universities. Some amount of remote sensing image
interpretation has now become an absolute need in
regional structural geological articles that may focus on
other issues (e.g. Vanik et al. 2018; Dasgupta and
Mukherjee 2017, 2019; Dasgupta et al. 2022; Biswas
et al., in press). Instead of using topo-sheets, geologists
are now plotting lithocontacts on Google Earth images.
Along with the plotted structures obtained from the
terrain, interpretation of images for tectonic geomor-
phology has become essential to strengthen the field
findings. International journals are interested in han-
dling articles that approach problems from a multidisci-
plinary perspective. Having some knowledge in image
interpretation therefore has become a “necessary skill.”
This edited book provides examples of the process
of interpreting remotely sensed images in terms
xvii
of structural geology and geomorphology. It covers
(i) interpretations on remotely sensed images from varied
resolutions; (ii) different bands/spectra and their combina-
tions into False Color Composites (FCCs); (iii) diverse
criteria used to identify and interpret structural geologic
and geomorphologic features; and (iv) providing one unin-
terpreted and another interpreted image for all examples.
The book provides a common platform to look for global
examples for anyone interested in remotely sensed images.
In a few years from now and even during the present
COVID pandemic, most geologists will be/have been
developing virtual field trips. We hope that this book will
be useful in that context. We look forward to receiving
comments from the readers!
Refer to this book as:
Misra, A.A. and Mukherjee. S. 2022. Atlas of Structural
Geological and Geomorphological Interpretation
of Remote Sensing Images. Wiley. ISBN: 9781119813354.
Refer to individual chapters as:
Misra, A.A. and Mukherjee, S. (2022). Introduction
to Atlas of Structural Geological and Geomorphological
Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images.
In: Atlas of Structural Geological and Geomorphological
Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images
A.A. Misra and S. Mukherjee (Eds.) Wiley.
ISBN: 9781119813354.
Achyuta Ayan Misra
Soumyajit Mukherjee
xviii Preface
References
Biswas, M., Puniya, M.K., Gogoi, M.P. et al. (2022).
Morphotectonic analysis of petroliferous Barmer rift basin
(Rajasthan, India). Journal of Earth System Science 131, 140.
Biswas, M., Gogoi, M.P., Mondal, B. et al. (in press, 2022)
Geomorphic assessment of active tectonics in Jaisalmer
basin (western Rajasthan, India). Geocarto International.
DOI: 10.1080/10106049.2022.2066726.
Bose, N. and Mukherjee, S. (2017). Map interpretation for
structural geologists. In: Developments in Structural
Geology and Tectonics. Series Editor: Mukherjee, S.
Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-12-809681-9 ISSN:
2542-9000.
Dasgupta, S. and Mukherjee, S. (2017). Brittle shear
tectonics in a narrow continental rift: asymmetric
non-volcanic Barmer basin (Rajasthan, India). The
Journal of Geology 125: 561–591.
Dasgupta, S. and Mukherjee, S. (2019). Remote sensing
in lineament identification: examples from western
India. In: Problems and Solutions in Structural
Geology and Tectonics, Developments in Structural
Geology and Tectonics Book Series, vol. 5.
Series Editor: Mukherjee, S (ed. A. Billi and
A. Fagereng), 205–221. Elsevier. ISSN: 2542-9000.
ISBN: 9780128140482.
Dasgupta, S., Biswas, M., Mukherjee, S., and Chatterjee, R.
(2022). Depositional system, morphological signatures,
tectonics and sedimentation pattern along the transform
margin- Palar-Pennar basin, Indian east coast. Journal of
Petroleum Science & Engineering 211: 110155.
Misra, A.A. and Mukherjee, S. (2018). Atlas of Structural
Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images. Wiley
Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-119-15832-5.
Mukherjee, S. (2013). Deformation Microstructures in
Rocks, 1–111. Berlin: Springer Geochemistry/
Mineralogy. ISBN: 978-3-642-25608-0.
Mukherjee, S. (2014). Atlas of Shear Zone Structures in
Meso-Scale, 1–124. Cham: Springer Geology. ISBN:
978-3-319-0088-6.
Mukherjee, S. (2015). Atlas of Structural Geology.
Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-12-420152-1.
Mukherjee, S. (2020). Teaching Methodologies in
Structural Geology and Tectonics, 1–251. Springer.
ISBN: 978-981-13-2781-0.
Mukherjee, S. (2021). Atlas of Structural Geology, 2e,
1–260. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 978012816802.
Mukherjee, S., Bose, N., Ghosh, R. et al. (2020).
Structural Geological Atlas. Springer. ISBN:
978-981-13-9825-4.
Vanik, N., Shaikh, H., Mukherjee, S. et al. (2018). Post-
Deccan trap stress reorientation under transpression:
evidence from fault slip analyses from SW Saurashtra,
western India. Journal of Geodynamics 121: 9–19.
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WRIGHT & PHILLIPS.

Gallipolis, O., Jan. 31, 1887.

Crane & Allen:
While I was in partnership with C. M. Richards at Wellston, O., we
used your Preservative and liked it very much, and you may send me
a carboy of it here, as I have located at this place in the Undertaking
business. I can buy Fluids for less than yours, but I prefer yours
because I can always rely upon it.
G. J. WETHERHOLT.

Kilbourne City, Wis., March 30, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
The Preservative is all right and is the best thing of the kind I have
ever used.
A. WRIGHT.

Torrington, Conn., Sept. 3, 1883.

Crane & Allen:
I have been using the Preservative this summer, and found it to be
an excellent article. Send me another carboy about Oct. 1st.
HENRY J. ASHLEY.

Middlebury, Ind., Jan. 26, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
 The Preservative has given me the best of satisfaction, and I would
not be without it.
A. HAINES.

Westfield, Mass., Jan. 18, 1883.

Crane & Allen:
I am very well satisfied with your Preservative.
C. K. LAMBSON.

Virden, Ills., Sept. 9, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
As soon as we are out we will give you an order for some more of
your Preservative, because we think you have the best thing out.
HESS & HOUSTON.

Frankfort, Kans., Feb. 1, 1888.

Crane & Allen:
We are well pleased with your Preservative and shall continue to
use it exclusively hereafter, as we have seen enough of the results
from using it to convince us that it is the best we have ever used.
MASON BROS.

Cicero, Ind., June 15, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative is the best I ever saw, and I shall send in an
order for some more before long.
J. P. KEPNER.

Rich Hill, Mo., Sept. 8, 1884.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative is giving good satisfaction, and I expect to keep
it on hand hereafter.
 WM. LESLIE.

Dodgeville, Wis., July 26, 1884.

Crane & Allen:
I enclose draft for last bill. The Preservative is the best thing of the
kind I have ever used.
B. T. DAVEY.

Reinbeck, Iowa, June 10, 1887.

Crane & Allen:
I will send in for some more of the Preservative soon, as I like it
tip-top.
F. KOLB.

Stillwater, Minn., Dec. 18, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
We like your Preservative, from its having been recommended to
us and spoken of very highly, and we will use it.
MULLER & COCKBURN.

Weedsport, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
I have started in business here, having been formerly in Jordan, N.
Y., of Stewart & Laird. Send me a package of the Preservative, and
also the price of your instruments. The Preservative I had always
found to be the best.
JAMES A. LAIRD.

Anthony, Kansas, July 18, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
I sold out in Michigan City to A. F. Earl, and recommended the
Preservative to him as being the best there is, and you can count on
one more customer. We shall use it here also.
 E. G. MERRILL,
Of Anthony Furn. Co.

North Manchester, Ind., March 28, 1883.

Crane & Allen:
I bought out S. A. Argabrite and am doing the Undertaking
business here. Mr. A. says that I can rely upon the Preservative as
being the best, and what I have used of it so far has proved it.
JACOB MISENER.

Beaver Dam, Wis., Oct. 24, 1887.

Crane & Allen:
The Preservative has given such good satisfaction that you may
expect an order from us for more, as soon as we use up the last.

JNO. McKINSTRY & SON.

Seymour, Ind., July 15, 1884.

Crane & Allen:
In regard to your Preservative, I would say that it is giving entire
satisfaction.
C. H. HANCOCK.

Dysart, Iowa, Oct. 3, 1887.

Crane & Allen:
I am well pleased with your Preservative, and will send for more
before I am entirely out.
J. T. KRANBUEHL.

Columbus, O., Feb. 1, 1888.

Crane & Allen:
I have removed to this city and opened up in the Undertaking
business again, and as I have formerly used your Preservative and
found it to prove satisfactory in every case I want it again, and you
may ship me a carboy of it.
H. A. PLETCHER.

Forest, Ohio, Oct. 13, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative is the best I ever used. It does its work perfect in
every way.

W. McKEAN.

Palmyra, Mo., Jan. 15, 1883.

Crane & Allen:
Send me another carboy of the Preservative March 1st; have
enough until then. I used some other kinds last summer, but shall
use more of yours hereafter, as I like it better.
THOS. MARTIN.

Corning, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1888.

Crane & Allen:
I just emptied the last carboy and returned to you by freight four
empty ones, and brought down from the freight house the four full
ones of last shipment. I find that the Preservative stood the test of
the last cold weather all right, and think that it will stand the severest
test of cold.
J. W. DARRIN.

Jackson, Ohio, July 31, 1883.

Crane & Allen:
We have had good success with the Preservative, and shall use
nothing else, as we like it the best.
H. H. MARSHMAN & CO.
 New Washington, O., Jan. 10, 1884.
Crane & Allen:
Send me a set of your instruments. Your Preservative is the best I
ever used, and I will give you a call for more as soon as I am out of it.
C. KAHLER.

Peru, Ind., Aug. 12, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative still gives good satisfaction, and I am using no
other.
JOHN S. LENHART.

Erie, Nov. 4, 1885.

Crane & Allen:
I shall send you an order for some more of the Preservative in the
near future. Am having grand success with it.
A. A. MATTHEWS.

Tipton, Iowa, Aug. 2, 1887.

Crane & Allen:
Please fill and return to me the carboy I send. The Preservative
does its work nicely.
M. H. MILLER.

Villisca, Iowa, May 21, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
I have never had a failure with your Preservative. I embalmed two
bodies with it, and only gave them cavity embalming, and sent them
to New York and they kept seven days very fine.
E. W. PAYNE.

Vassar, Mich., March 22, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative has always proven entirely satisfactory, and I
have had excellent success with it.
M. D. NORTH.

Homer, Ills., March 13, 1884.

Crane & Allen:
Your Preservative gives good satisfaction. Last winter I had some
of it in bottles, setting by the side of another kind, and that froze and
bursted the bottles, but yours did not.
J. K. OCHELTREE.

River Falls, Wis., March 7, 1886.

Crane & Allen:
I find your Preservative is just the thing I want, and it bears out the
reports of others, who told me they have used it with good success.
J. H. PATTERSON.
 NOTE.

We would more particularly urge upon your attention the care that
should be taken in keeping this Manual of Instruction from the
observation of any person other than yourself, for reasons which we
trust will appear plain to you; that, as it contains all of the practical
knowledge of the present day on the subject of Embalming, so
plainly demonstrated in the Manual as to be easily acquired by any
person who might have the opportunity of studying the book;
therefore it is clearly in your interest to keep it in such a safe place
that no one but yourself can have access to it, otherwise it might be
the very means of educating and qualifying some person who might
sooner or later come into competition with you, to the great injury of
your business.
We endeavor to protect our customers by refusing to fill all orders
for the Preservative from any persons who are not regularly engaged
in the Undertaking business, and we would not furnish the Manual
to any other than our customers under any circumstances. See card
pasted on inside of the front cover.
 TO OUR CUSTOMERS.

A few of our customers have, from time to time, called us to order

(as it were) by reason of the cost of the Excelsior Preservative, and to
such we would say that the first cost to manufacture the Preservative
is from five to eight times more than any of the poison water “Fluids”
that have ever come under our observation, and among all classes of
merchandise, we know of nothing that is put on the market at so
small a margin of profit as the Excelsior Preservative. We are now
down to bed rock, with only a very small margin above actual cost.
Nevertheless, we are sticking to it by reason of the continued
increase of trade, which we trust in time will enable us to say that
large sales and small profits are sure to win in the long run.
We trust that this explanation will be satisfactory to those of our
customers who have written us, and will only say in conclusion that a
small reduction in price would now drive us out of the market, which
we feel sure you would regret.
We ask your patronage and support in order that we can continue
to float the only honest and reliable article of its kind that has ever
been put on the market, at the smallest possible margin of profits.

Respectfully yours,
CRANE & ALLEN.
Index to Letters.
 PAGE.
Abbott, J. L., Northfield, Vt., 68
Albaugh & Lanum, Circleville, O., 62
Albright, J. W., E. Liverpool, O., 61
Allen, Henry & Son, Norwich, Conn., 112
Allington, J. W., Webster City, Ia., 60
Anderson, S., Traverse City, Mich., 112
Andrews, R. T., Thomaston, Conn., 65
Applegate, J. L., Anna, O., 114
Argabrite, S. L., New Carlisle, Ind., 127
Ashley, H. J, Torrington, Conn., 135
Atkinson Bros., Pecatonica, Ill., 82
Augustine, S. G. & Son, Racine, Wis., 120
Bacon, C., Baraboo, Wis., 76
Bailey, M. H. & Co., Chillicothe, Ill., 82
Bainbridge & Hause, Clinton, Mich., 99
Baker, S. S., Chebanse, Ill., 63
Baker & Yard, Utica, Pa., 111
Baldwin, T. A., Fowler, Ind., 111
Barmore, D. R., Spirit Lake, Iowa, 99
Barnard & Radley, Earlville, Ill., 111
Barnes, James, Grand Haven, Mich., 74
Barrett, D., New Martinsburg, O., 74
Bartle, F. C., Dodgeville, Wis., 129
Bassett, E. F., Seymour, Conn., 80
Bauder, S. E., Birmingham, O., 83
Bauer, Wm., Weyauwega, Wis., 91
Baxter, D. A., Rochelle, Ill., 85
Beard, T. & Co., Hudson, Wis., 63
Beatty & Brown, Cascade, Ia., 112
Bechstein, Chas. & Co., Mancelona, Mich., 81
Beebe, C. B., Beaver Dam, Wis., 95
Beebe, L. H., Pinckney, Mich., 111
Beelman, John, Plymouth, O., 104
Beiderwolf, M., Monticello, 103
Belden, J. T., Marengo, Ill., 69
Benedict, Chas. A., New York City, 106
Berk, Fry & Co., Dayton, O., 111
Bird, H. T., Mt. Pleasant, Ia., 114
Bishop, A. F., Mineral Point, Wis., 74
Black, J. S., Bainbridge, Ind., 106
Blue, W. C. & Son, Gallatin, Tenn., 114
Bone, D. M. & Co., Petersburg, Ill., 91
Booth, J. I. & Son, Groton, N. Y., 64
Borst, Josiah, Cobleskill, N. Y., 109
Bowden, L. S. & Son, Brookfield, Mo., 109
Bowers, J. S., Waterloo, Ind., 99
Bradrick & Son, Chariton, Ia., 99
Bragunier & Cox, Delphi, Ind., 109
Brewster & Co., Middlebury, Vt., 56
Bringhurst, R. R. & Co., Philadelphia, 96
Bucher, H., Lisbon, Ia., 65
Buckhart, J. & Son, Sandwich, Ill., 54
Bullard, J. B., Decatur, Ill., 132
Bullock, G. W., Burr Oak, Mich., 85
Buren, A. B., Jamesport, Mo., 64
Burket Bros., Creston, Ia., 91
Burpee, N. A. & S. H., Rockland, Maine, 132
Camp, J. H., Bement, Ill., 131
Canfield, J. H., Harrison, Mich., 134
Casebolt, S., Ashland, Ky., 123
Catlett, E., Woodbury, N. J., 129
Chaffee, F., Chicago, 71
Chamberlin, R., Republic, O., 83
Chamberlin, S. S. & Son, Joliet, Ill., 60
Chandler, W. M., Salem, Mass., 72
Chase & Churchill, Weeping Water, Neb., 123
Cheney, J. E., Mondovi, Wis., 112
Churchill, G. W. & Son, Eaton, O., 72
Clark Bros., Kalkaska, Mich., 105
Clarke, W. H., Edgerton, Wis., 60
Clausen, P., Albert Lea, Minn., 90
Clawson & Hawks, New York City, 116
Clement, A. T., Clarinda, Ia., 82
Cochonour, M. G., Casey, Ill., 89
Cohee & Spaugh, Hope, Ind., 54
Comley & Bird, Frankfort, Ind., 61
Compton, C. W., Newark, N. J., 122
Conn, G. B., Greensburg, Pa., 96
Conover, J. H., Van Wert, O., 131
Corell, W. J. & Co., Bloomsburg, Pa., 83
Cornelius, F., Darlington, Wis., 131
Cottingham, S. D. & Co., Noblesville, Ind., 121
Couts, Jno. F., Clarksville, Tenn., 84
Cowan, J. S., Delphos, O., 89
Cox & Reed, Hastings, Neb., 81
Crandell, S. C., Westfield, N. Y., 57
Crawford, A., North Bend, Neb., 127
Crawford, Wm., Franklin Grove, Ill., 120
Cree, R. S., Nunda, N. Y., 89
Cring, John, Portland, Ind., 130
Cropper, E. S., Zionsville, Ind., 89
Crowell, J. & Co., Summitville, Ind., 116
Crowley, J. & Son, Hamilton, O., 60
Crumbie, Thos. J., Chester, Pa., 90
Culp, George, Nokomis, Ill., 124
Dain, John F., Oswego, N. Y., 126
Damon, W. F., Kenton, O., 115
Danahy, T. J., Lexington, Ky., 69
Danforth, C. W., Ovid, Mich., 121
Darrin, J. W., Corning, N. Y., 77, 138
Davey, B. T., Dodgeville, Wis., 136
Davidson, Wm., Titusville, Pa., 119
Davis Bros., Morris, Ill., 67
Davis, J. M., Alma, Neb., 78
Davis, W. W., Arcade, N. Y., 102
Davis & Hover, Ada, O., 86
Deckman, Geo., Malvern, O., 67
Delano & Cooley, Ripon, Wis., 56
Demple, Geo. A., Bonaparte, Ia., 67
Dexter, E., Danielsonville, Conn., 122
Diggins, Geo. E., Marengo, Ill., 52
Dillman, A. C., Bryan, O., 69
Dinning, E., McKenzie, Tenn., 56
Disbrow, Benj. L., Trenton, N. J., 55
Dolph & Ickes, Elmore, O., 134
Donaghy & Howe, Hillsdale, Mich., 116
Donnelly, Chas. & Co., Covington, Ky., 69
Drake, W. H., Morrisonville, Ill., 128
Drescher, F. E., Greensburg, Kan., 120
Dunklee & Easterly, Anamosa, Ia., 70
Dunlap & McGoodwin, Danville, Ky., 79
Dunlay, W. J. & Co., New Britain, Conn., 120
Dunn, L. D., Meadville, Pa., 78
Early, E. S. & Son, Philadelphia, 106
Edgcomb & Ballard, Cortland, N. Y., 49
Edwards & Corlett, Newton, Kan., 49
Eiker & King, Fort Dodge, Ia., 128
Eldred, H., Gardner, Ill., 86
England, Barr & Co., Lebanon, Ky., 86
Ervin, S. J., Parker City, Pa., 128
Fay, H. W., Marlboro, Mass., 94
Fedde, Henry & Son, Peotone, Ill., 102
Feiten, John, Mishawaka, Ind., 94
Feith, N., Cairo, Ill., 58
Fernald & Co., Austin, Minn., 58
Field, L. & Co., Clinton, Mass., 50
Fies, William, Marion, O., 120
Fillmen, Jas. M., Pottstown, Pa., 58
Fisher., A. C., Concord, N. H., 118
Fletcher, R. B., Cortland, N. Y., 58
Fowler, O. S., Maynard, Mass., 134
Francis, J. B., Canandaigua, N. Y., 120
Frantz, D. A., Lebanon, Pa., 102
Frear, J. S., Binghamton, N. Y., 67
Frink, Daniel, Watertown, N. Y., 94
Frost, E. N. & Son, Athens, Pa., 94
Gable, W. H., Hartford City, 133
Gamble, L. D., Perry, Ia., 97
Gardner, W. P., Gilman, Ill., 54
Gaspar, Chas., Waukesha, Wis., 115
Gehres, A., Waverly, O., 100
Gentry, J. M., Louisiana, Mo., 77
Gerstle, F. W. & Son, Cincinnati, 76
Gibson & Beck, Fairfield, Ia., 101
Giering & Martin, Emlenton, Pa., 114
Gilmore, J., Gridley, Ill., 101
Goodrich, H., Howell, Mich., 133
Goodwin, Samuel, St. Thomas, Ont., 76
Gray, A. M., Hampton, Ia., 116
Greene, W. Harvey, Rochester, Mich., 75
Greenlund, N., Warren, Pa., 55
Greenlund, P., „„ 116
Gustin, E. & L., Denver, 71
Haas & Wassom, Peru, Ill., 128
Hackenburger, J., Grand Rapids, O., 114
Hackman, H., Staunton, Ill., 83
Hackman, N. H. & Co., Cincinnati, 73
Haines, A., Middlebury, Ind., 135
Hall, E. T., Titusville, Pa., 131
Holst, J. F. & Bro., Memphis, Tenn., 75
Hancock, C. H., Seymour, Ind., 137
Hansen & Huck, Kenosha, Wis., 78
Hardy, H. W., Lincoln, Neb., 97
Hargrave Bros., Rockville, Ind., 78
Harrouff, J. A., Atchison, Kans., 77
Hawley & Sayer, Danbury, Conn., 73
Henry, G. S., Avilla, Ind., 133
Herriff & Reed, Kent, O., 125
Hershey Bros., Gettysburg, O., 78
Hess & Houston, Virden, Ill., 135
Hildabolt, H., Germantown, O., 84
Hinton, T. J., Flemingsburg, Ky., 73
Hiss, Sebastian, Plainfield, Ind., 59
Hodge Bros., Paris, Ill., 134
Hoeft & Tucker, Berlin, Wis., 124
Holaday, D., Ottawa, Kans., 133
Hole, R. & W. M., Salem, O., 70
Holmes & Co., Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 127
Horn, C. W., Tiffin, O., 128
Hosmer, M. W., Burlington, Vt., 79
Houston, J. E., Beloit, Wis., 84
Howard, M. D., Jordan, N. Y., 85
Howard & Dinsmore, Carlisle, Ky., 84
Howland, H. F., Streator, Ill., 63
Hoy, A. L., DuBois, Pa., 65
Hudson & Tippett, Shawnee, O., 79
Hunn, F. S., Omaha, Neb., 133
Hunt, J. J., Peoria, Ill., 117
Hurlburt, Geo. R., Dansville, N. Y., 63
Jacoby & Ryerson, Wilton Junction, Ia., 77
James, J. P. & Co., Greenfield, Ind., 70
Janesville Furn. Co., Janesville, Wis., 65
Jardine & Hance, Succasunna, N. J., 123
Johnson, W. S., Carthage, 124
Jones, Rob’t H., Memphis, Tenn., 75
Kahler, C., New Washington, O., 139
Kampp, Conrad, Wheaton, Ill., 67
Karstens, C. N., Nebraska City, Neb., 52
Kaufman & Hoefs, Newton, Kans., 103
Keesling, C. B., Pendleton, Ind., 126
Kenney & Dillon, Hartford, Conn., 68
Kepner, J. P., Cicero, Ind., 136
Kilian & Williams Furn. Co., Salina, Kan., 109
King, E. L., Corry, Pa., 115
Knox, C. B., Rock Island, Ill., 125
Kolb, F., Reinbeck, Ia., 136
Kranbuehl, J. T., Dysart, Ia., 138
Kremer & Oplinger, Wadsworth, O., 66
Labbitt, Henry, Galesburg, Mich., 61
Laird, James A., Weedsport, N. Y., 137
Lake City Furn. Co., Lake City, Minn., 52
Lake, John, Baltimore, Md., 61
Lambson, C. K., Westfield, Mass., 135
Landis, D. Y., Wooster, O., 66
Landis, E. S., Coatesville, Pa., 51
Lash, N. G., Montpelier, 59
Latimer & Hamilton, Detroit, 124
Lawler, J. A., Eau Claire, Wis., 62
Lawrence, A. B., Warsaw, N. Y., 51
Lenhart, John S., Peru, Ind., 139
Leslie, Wm., Rich Hill, Mo., 136
Lindsay & Wackman, Oregon, Wis., 57
Lindsey, Jno. & Son, Mt. Sterling, Ky., 59
Lloyd, John, Worcester, Mass., 66
Logan, D. L., Moundsville, W. Va., 58
Long, F. M., West Chester, O., 56
Long, Geo. J., Coal Centre, Pa., 62
Luger Furn. Co., Fargo, Dak., 59
Luke, Robert, Wheeling, W. Va., 66
Lyke, H. F., Oconomowoc, Wis., 89
Lyon, Geo. C., Fair Haven, 66
Lyon, John W., New York City, 126
Lyons, J. L., Greenfield, Mass., 53
McCormick, J. & Son, Mt. Vernon, O., 68
McCurdy, J. B., Oskaloosa, Ia., 64
McDermott, J. H., Lowell, Mass., 50
McDonnell, A., New Hampton, Ia., 73
McKean, W., Forest, O., 138
McKee, A. A., McLean, N. Y., 50
McKinstry, Jno. & Son, Beaver Dam, Wis., 137
Manville, Geo. E., Willoughby, O., 80
Marsh, H. E., Rockford, Ill., 50
Marshman, H. H. & Co., Jackson, O., 139
Martin, Thos., Palmyra, Mo., 138
Mason Bros., Frankfort, Kans., 136
Matthews, A. A., Erie, 139
Matthews, N. C., Winchenden, Mass., 74
Means & Leach, Quincy, O., 73
Meister, Oscar, Chicago, 53
Merrill, E. G., Anthony, Kans., 137
Merritt, Stephen, New York City, 49
Meyners, E., Highland Park, Ill., 112
Miller, E. S., Reading, Pa., 53
Miller, Jacob, West Milton, O., 57
Miller, J. H., Edgerton, O., 93
Miller, M. H., Tipton, Ia., 139
Misener, Jacob, N. Manchester, Ind., 137
Mitchell, N. B., Oconto, Wis., 81
Mitchell & Beck, Wilmington, Del., 94
Mohlman, W. F., Beardstown, Ill., 104
Muller & Cockburn, Stillwater, Minn., 136
Murrell, Jos. P., St. Louis, 50
Murray, B. E., Boston, 93
Myall & Riley, Maysville, Ky., 96
Nelson, C. C., Cassopolis, Mich., 87
Noel & Arthur, Altoona, Pa., 96
North, M. D., Vassar, Mich., 140
Oakes, J. T. & Co., Pulaski, Tenn., 88
Oblander Bros., Bushnell, Ill., 92
Ocheltree, J. R., Homer, Ill., 140
Ogden, J. H., Massillon, O., 91
Olinger, J. W., Santa Fe, N. M., 85
Osborn, G. & Sons, Michaelsville, Md., 87
Partridge & VanDusen, Jamestown, N. Y., 62
Patterson, A. & J. W., Braidwood, Ill., 71
Patterson, J. H., River Falls, Wis., 140
Paul, Geo. Chandler, Philadelphia, 70
Payne & Payne, Broadhead, Wis., 104
Payne, E. W., Villisca, Ia., 139
Pease & Bright, Wakeman, O., 83
Perry, Chas. L., Boston, 52
Phillips, T. D., Menasha, Wis., 110
Phlipson, Jno., Fox Lake, Wis., 92
Pierce, E. C., Blair, Neb., 91