Bones of Lower Limb

Composition:
• Pelvic girdle: hip bone
• Bones of free lower limb:
– Thigh
• Femur
• Patella
– Leg
• Tibia
• Fibula
– Foot
• Tarsal bones (fū)
• Metatarsal bones (zhí )
• Phalanges of toes (zhǐ)
 Hip bone

Consisting of three fused bones

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Acetabulum
• Formed by bodies of ilium, ischium and
pubis
• Lunate surface
• Acetabular fossa
• Acetabular notch
 Ilium

Body of ilium
Ala of ilium
• Iliac crest
• Anterior superior iliac spine
• Anterior inferior iliac spine
• Tubercle of iliac crest
• Posterior superior iliac spine
• Posterior inferior iliac spine
• Greater sciatic notch
• Iliac fossa
• Arcuate line
• Auricular surface
• Iliac tuberosity
• An imaginary line joining
the highest point on the
iliac crests over the fourth
lumbar spine.
 Ischium

• Body of ischium
• Ischial spine
• Lesser sciatic notch
• Ramus of ischium
• ischial tuberosity
 Pubis

• Body of pubis
– Iliopubic eminence
• Superior ramus of pubis
– pecten of pubis
– pubic tubercle
– pubic crest
– symphysial surface
• Inferior ramus of pubis
– Obturator foramen
AP View male
AP View female
 Femur

Upper end
• Femoral head
• Fovea of femoral head
• Neck of femur
• Greater trochanter
• Lesser trochanter
• Intertrochanteric line
• Intertrochanteric crest
 Femur

Shaft:
• Linea aspera
– Gluteal tuberosity
 Femur

Lower end:
• Medial condyle
• Lateral condyle
– Medial epicondyle
– Lateral epicondyle
• Adductor tubercle
• Intercondylar fossa
• Patellar surface
Fracture of the femoral neck
 Patella

• triangular sesamoid bone

•
 Tibia

Upper end:
• Medial and lateral condyles
(kē)
• Intercondylar eminence
• fibular articular surface
• tuberosity of tibia
Shaft
• Interosseous border
• Soleal line
Lower end:
• Fibular notch
• Medial malleolus (huái)
 Fibula

Upper end:
• fibular head
• neck of fibula
Shaft:
• interosseous border
Lower end:
• lateral malleolus
Tarsal bones
Consist of seven short bones arranged in three
row
Posterior row
• talus
• calcaneus
Intermediate row
• navicular bone
Anterior row
• Medial cuneiform
• Intermediate cuneiform
• lateral cuneiform
• cuboid bone ( tóu )
 Metatarsal bones (zhí)

• Consist of five elongated bones,

numbered one to five medial to lateral
• Structure of each ―base (proximally),
shaft, and head (distally) in each
 Phalanges of toes

Consist of 14―two for first toe (hallux) and three

for each of other four toes
▪ Surface landmarks:
– trochlea of talus
– calcaneal tuberosity
– tuberosity of navicular bone
– tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone