nenswe CHEASTR

Table 9.2. Some Common Unidentate Ligands

CO-ORDINAT

Charge
Name Formula Name of Ligand
Zero
Ammonia GNH, ammine

Water H,Ö: zero

aquo or aqua
-1 halo
Halide ion X
(X = Cl, Br, I)

Hydroxide ion :OH -1 hydroxo

Cyanide ion :CN -1 cyano

Oxide ion -2 OX0

Peroxide ion 2 peroxo

Carbonate ion Co, carbonato

Phosphine zero phosphine

Nitrogen oxide NO zero nitrosyl
Carbon monoxide CO Zero carbonyl
Sulphate ion So, -2 sulphato
Nitrite ion NO, -1 nitro or nitrito*

Thiocyanate ion SCN -1 thiocyanato or

isothiocyanato*
-1 acetato
Acetate ion CH,CO0
Pyridine C,H,N zero pyridine (py)
Sulphide ion -2 sulphido
Thiosulphate S,0, -2 thiosulphato
Nitrate ion --1 nitrato

Sulphite ion SO,2 -2 sulphito

Triphenyl phosphine (C,H,),P zero triphenyl phosphine

Thiocarbonyl CS zero thiocarbonyl
nitrosonium
Nitrosonium NO+ +1

Nitronium NO,* + 1 nitronium

Imide ion NH -2 imido

Nitrate ion nitrato

NO, -1
Amide ion amido
NH, -1

Thio urea thiourea (tu)

H,NCSNH, Zero

*See -Linkage isomerism.

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NCOMPOUNDS

Table 9.3. Some Multidentate Ligands

Formula Abbreviation Donor Sites
Species
the
Charge
Nlameof
Bihvlenediamine
NH,CH,CH,NH, Zero en 2

2
Zero bipy
22-Biyridyl

2
-2 OX

Oxalate i0n

CH-C C-CH,
acac 2
-1
Acetylacetonate

2
CH,C= NO -1 dmg
Dimethylglyoxime ion
CH,C =NOH
CH, C=0 gly
2
-1
H,N
Glycinato

zero
0-phen
1, 10 phenanthroline
or ortho-phenanthroline

CH,NH, dien 3
zero
H,C:
Diethylene triamine CNH
or

N-2-aminoethyl))-1,
2ethanediamine H,CKCH.NH,
3
tery
Zero

2,2: 6, 2"terpyridine
4
trien
zero

Triethylene tetraamine CH,NHCH,), NH,

CH,GHCH,)NH,
NN-bhisanedi
12-et -42-aamiminnoete hyl)
454

CH, N<
CH,CO0>
Qomprehense CHEMIST,
Ethylenediamine CH,CO0 3
triacetate ion H EDTA
CH-N 5
CH,CO0 ->

CH,CO0 ’
CH.-N
Ethylenediamine tetra CH,CO0 ’ -4
acetate ion EDT+
CH,CO0 ’ 6
H-N CH,CO0 ’

8-hydroxyquinolinato -1 (Oxin) or 2
:0: (oxinate)

Some common chelating ligands are shown below:

H
Knoukedge Plus.
HC CH
INNER METALLIC COMPLEXES
H H When ligands like acetyl acetonato, glycinata.
which possess both neutral and anionic g
Oxalate ion Ortho-phenanthroline (ph) Carbonate co-ordinate with metallic cation, they form comp
(0X) 10n in which both the co-ordination number and char;
the cation are satisfied simultaneously. Such oam
are called inner-metallic complexes or simply i
ODafow Kuou?. complexes. For example
(i) Chelating ligands form more stable
than the monodentate ligands. For example, complexes
of ethylenediammine with cobalt is more the complex
complex with water.
stable than the CH, NH, III
Co
(CoH,0)J +3en ’ (Colen),J'* +6NH, |co-o
This is because when
chelation occurs entropy
increases and the process becomes more favourable.
effect is called macrocyclic effect. In the This
above reaction ¬0
particles/species of reactants is four and after chelation
the number increases H,C
toseven.
(ü) Ligands with larger groups
than the ligands with form unstable rings -0
tosteric hinderance smaller groups.This is ascribable CCo Or

(iü) All types produced by a larger group. HC

of bidentate,
polydentate ligands can act as chelatingtridentate
ligands.
and =0
(iv) Metal chelates having
stable when atoms in the ring5-membered ring are most
are joined only by single H,C
bonds.
(u) 6-membered
chelates having
in the ring are moredouble bond or
unsaturation