INDEX

INDEX

Classification of computer ...................... 2

Five Generations of Computers ................4
Types of computers .............................. 5
Computer Architecture .......................... 5
Computers Advantages ........................ 6
Computers in Business ......................... 7
Input devices ..................................... 9
Output devices ................................... 9
Storage devices ................................. 10
An operating system ............................10
Types of UI .......................................11
Functions of Operating System ............... 11
Types of operationg system ................... 12
Examples of operating systems .............. 12
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Classification of computer

Accuracy:
How exact a computer's calculations and
operations are. Computers can usually
detect and correct hardware errors on
their own.

Speed:
How quickly a computer can execute
instructions and perform calculations.

Storage capacity:
How much data a computer can store,
including documents and multimedia files.

Memory:
Temporary storage used for running
programs and processes.
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Versatility:
The range of tasks a computer can
perform, from simple calculations to
complex simulations.

Automation:
The ability to perform tasks without human
interaction, which can save time and
improve efficiency.

Input devices:
How users input data, such as with
keyboards and mice.

Output devices:
How results are displayed or produced,
such as with monitors, printers, and
speakers.

Upgradability:
Whether components like RAM, storage,
and graphics cards can be upgraded.
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Portability:
Whether a computer is mobile, such as a
laptop or tablet, compared to a desktop
computer.

Five Generations of Computers

First generation 1940s-1950s Vacuum tube
based
Second generation 1950s-1960s Transistor
based

Third generation 1960s-1970s Integrated

circuit based

Fourth generation 1970s-present

Microprocessor based

Fifth generation The present and the future

Artificial intelligence based
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Types of computers
Supercomputers
Mainframe computer
Minicomputers
Personal computers (PCs)
Workstation computers
Microcontrollers & Smartphones

Computer Architecture

Computer architecture is a specification

describing how computer software and
hardware connect and interact to create a
computer network. It determines the structure
and function of computers and the
technologies it is compatible with – from the
central processing unit (CPU) to memory,
input/output devices, and storage units.
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Computers Advantages
Speed
Computers can help people complete
tasks faster.

Accuracy
Computers can perform calculations and
store data with greater precision than
humans.

Storage
Computers can store large amounts of
information permanently or temporarily.

Reliability
Computers are reliable and don't get tired
or affected by external factors like illness.

Security
Computers can protect information with
software and password-protected servers.
Communication
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Computers can help people communicate

faster and more efficiently with others
around the world.

Collaboration
Computer skills can help people
collaborate with colleagues and clients
more effectively.

Cost-effectiveness
Computers can reduce operating costs
and make online ventures more affordable
Computers in Business

Inventory management
Computers can help track inventory levels,
monitor stock movement, and automate
reordering processes. This can help
businesses avoid overstocking and
optimize supply chain efficiency.
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E-commerce
Computers can help businesses set up
online stores, process orders, and handle
payment transactions.

Business analytics
Computers can analyze data from various
sources and perform tasks that can help
with business intelligence tools.

Communication
Computers can help businesses
communicate and transact with customers
more easily, through email, text
messaging, instant messaging, and
more.
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Input devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Microphone Joystick Light Pen

Output devices

Monitor

Printer

Plotter

Soundcard and Speaker

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Storage devices

Two types of Storage devices:

Primary-RAM,ROM

Secondary-HARD DISK, FLOPPY etc

An operating system

(OS) is a program that manages a computer's

resources and acts as an interface between
the user and the computer's hardware. It's
usually the first program loaded into a
computer by a boot program and runs
continuously, along with other software called
system programs and applications
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Types of UI
Graphical user interface (GUI).
Command line interface.
Menu-driven UI.
Touch UI.
Voice UI.
Form-based UI.
Natural language UI.
Mobile UI.

Functions of Operating System

1. Memory Management

2. Processor Management/Scheduling

3. Device Management

4. File Management

5. Storage Management
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Types of operationg system

Batch operating systems

Multiprogramming operating systems

Network operating systems

Real-time operating systems

Distributed operating systems

Mobile operating systems

Examples of operating systems
Apple macOS

Microsoft Windows

Google's Android OS

Linux