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Davenport

LaRose

Straubhaar

MEDIANOW

Tenth Edition

Tenth

Edition

Understanding Media, Culture, and T MEDIA NOW

echnology

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Media

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This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not
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WCN 02-200-203

MEDIA

NOW

Understanding Media,

Culture, and Technology

TENTH EDITION

JOSEPH STRAUBHAAR

University of Texas, Austin

ROBERT LAROSE
Michigan State University

LUCINDA DAVENPORT

Michigan State University

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Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture,

© 2018, 2016, 2014, 2013, 2012 Cengage Learning

and Technology, Tenth Edition

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Lucinda Davenport

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BRIEFCONTENTS

PART ONE Media and the Information Age

CHAPTER 1 The Changing Media 1

CHAPTER 2 Media and Society 24

PART TWO The Media

CHAPTER 3 Books 54

CHAPTER 4 Print and Digital Newspapers 75

CHAPTER 5 Magazines 112

CHAPTER 6 Recorded Music 131

CHAPTER 7 Radio 158

CHAPTER 8 Film and Video 185

CHAPTER 9 Television 214

CHAPTER 10 The Internet 251

CHAPTER 11 The Third Screen: Smartphones and Tablets 287

CHAPTER 12 Video Games 313

CHAPTER 13 Public Relations 337

PART THREE Media Issues

CHAPTER 14 Advertising 363

CHAPTER 15 Media Uses and Impacts 397

CHAPTER 16 Media Policy and Law 442

CHAPTER 17 Media Ethics 471

CHAPTER 18 Global Communications Media 501

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WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May
not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
WCN 02-200-203

CONTENTS

Preface xix

About the Authors xxv

PART ONE Media and the Information Age

CHAPTER 1 The Changing Media

1

The Media in Our Lives 1

■ Media Then...Media Now 2

Media in a Changing World 3

Merging Technologies 4

Changing Industries 5

■ Technology Demystified: A Digital Media Primer

Changing Lifestyles 7

■ Your Media Career: Room at the Bottom. Room at the Top

Shifting Regulations 9

Rising Social Issues 9

Changing Media Throughout History 10

■ Media & Culture: A New Balance of Power?

10

Pre-Agricultural Society 11

Agricultural Society 11

Industrial Society 12

Information Society 12
Changing Conceptions of the Media 14

The SMCR Model 14

Types of Communication 16

What Are the Media Now? 19

Summary & Review 21 Thinking Critically about the Media 23

Key Terms 23

CHAPTER 2 Media and Society

24

Understanding the Media 24

■ Media Then...Media Now 25

Media Economics 25

Mass Production, Mass Distribution 26

The Benefits of Competition 27

Media Monopolies 28

■ Your Media Career: Media Scholar

29

The Profit Motive 31

How Media Make Money 33

From Mass Markets to Market Segments 34

New Media Economics 35

Critical Studies 37

Political Economy 37

Feminist Studies 39

vii

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WCN 02-200-203

Ethnic Media Studies 40

Media Criticism 41

■ Media & Culture: Postmodernism

42

Diffusion of Innovations 43

Why Do Innovations Succeed? 44

How Do Innovations Spread? 44

What Are the Media’s Functions? 45

Media and Public Opinion 46

Gatekeeping 46

Agenda Setting 47

Framing 48

Technological Determinism 48

The Medium Is the Message 48

Technology as Dominant Social Force 49

Media Drive Culture 50

Summary & Review 51 Thinking Critically about the Media 53

Key Terms 53

PART TWO The Media

CHAPTER 3 Books

54
History: From Ink to Digital, From Press to Computer 54

Early Print Media 54

■ Media Then...Media Now

55

The Gutenberg Revolution 56

■ Media & Culture: Goodbye, Gutenberg

57

The First American Print Media 58

Book Publishing Giants Evolve 59

■ Your Media Career: Author! Author!

61

Technology Trends: From Chapbook to E-Book 61

E-Publishing 62

The Economics of Book Publishing 63

The Book Publishing Process: From Publishing Houses to You 64

Retail Bookstores 65

■ Media & Culture: Distractions, Comprehension, and Sleep: Printed

Textbooks, E-Texts, and the Cost of Learning 66

Book Readers and Purchasers 67

What’s to Read? Book Genres and Content 68

MEDIA LITERACY 69

Public Libraries, Freedom of Speech, and the First Amendment 71

Summary & Review 73 Thinking Critically about the Media 74

Key Terms 74

CHAPTER 4 Print and Digital Newspapers

75

■ Media Then...Media Now

76

History: Journalism in the Making 77

Newspapers Emerge 77

The Colonial and Revolutionary Freedom Struggles 78

The First Amendment 79

Diversity in the Press 79

The Penny Press 80

Following the Frontier 81

Civil War Coverage 82

viii CONTENTS

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WCN 02-200-203
The New Journalism 82

Yellow Journalism 83

Responsible Journalism 84

Muckraking 85

The Effect of Chain Ownership and Conglomerates 85

Professional Journalism 86

The Watchdogs 87

Technology Trends 88

Newsgathering 88

Print Publishing 89

Online and Digital Publishing 89

Immersive Journalism—Virtual Reality 90

Consumers Habits 91
■ Technology Demystified: Immersive Journalism and Virtual

Reality 92

Industry: The News Landscape 93

Competition for Audiences and Advertisers 93

■ Your Media Career: Reporting the News that Others Use

94

The World View 95

A New Business Model for the United States 95

Content: What Is News? 97

Defining News 97

News Elements 97

Types of Newspapers and Their Audiences 98

■ Media & Culture: Politics, the Internet, and Social Media

101

Citizen Journalism and Citizen News Sites 102

MEDIA LITERACY 102

Summary & Review 108 Thinking Critically about the Media 111

Key Terms 111

CHAPTER 5 Magazines

112
History 112

Early Magazines 112

■ Media Then...Media Now

114

America Reads 114

Muckraking 115

■ Media & Culture: News Magazines

116

Magazines Target Specialized Audiences 117

Technology Trends 119

Printing Since Gutenberg 119

Publishing in the Information Age 119

■ Your Media Career: Wanted! Writers and Editors!

120

Digital Publishing 121

Industry 121

Ownership Changes from Individuals to Conglomerates 121

Economics 122

Circulation and Advertising Trends 124

Distribution and Marketing 125

Content: General Interest and Special Interest 125

Redefining the Role of Magazines 127

MEDIA LITERACY 127

Summary & Review 128 Thinking Critically about the Media 130

Key Terms 130

CONTENTS ix

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WCN 02-200-203
CHAPTER 6 Recorded Music

131

History: From Roots and Records to Sounds in the Cloud 131

■ Media Then...Media Now 132

The Victrola 132

Early Recorded Music 133

Big Band and the Radio Days 133

Big Band Music and the World War II Generation 133

New Musical Genres 134

■ Media & Culture: Black Music: Ripped Off or Revered?

135

Rock and Pop History 135

The Record Boom and Pop Music 136

The Rock Revolution Will Be Segmented 136

Digital Recording 138

Music on the Internet 138

■ Media & Culture: Twenty One Pilots and the Hard Work of Music
139

Technology Trends: Let’s Make Music 142

New Digital Formats 142

■ Technology Demystified: From the Victrola to Aac

142

Sinking the Pirates 144

Streaming and Cloud Music Services 145

Social Music Media 145

The Recording Industry 145

■ Your Media Career: Musicians, Moguls, Music in Everything

Electronic 146

The Talent 146

Recording Studios and Record Companies 147

Music Distribution 149

Music Industry Associations 149

MEDIA LITERACY 151

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 uses of land outgrown, 5
Pittsburgh: markets in public square, 7
Planning: agencies created, 280-282
Planning Commissions:
appointment of, in New York in 1913, 190-191;
appointment of, in unit idea, 190;
creation of, in 1913, in Pennsylvania, 193;
history of, 190-198;
opportunities of, 202-208
Police Power, 138-167;
building limitations, 140-149;
regulations for nuisances, 152-165
Politicians: methods in city planning, 186
Portland:
jury verdict for condemnation in, 93;
land-taking procedure in, 35
Preliminary Tribunal: services of, in condemnation
proceedings, 49-50
Private Owners:
power limited by municipal regulation, 1;
rights in notice and hearing, 25
Private Property: control of, for public, 19
Prospect Park:
assessment on land benefited by, 65-66;
case cited, 9;
ratio of increase in value of assessed area of, 66;
special assessment district in, 66
Public Control: private property under, 19
Public Highway: regulations to prevent encroachment on, 150-
152
Public Lands: new use for, 7
Public Ownership: of land, 1-21
Public Revenue: used by municipality, 3
Pueblo Lands: inheritance of, in California, 16
Purchase of Land: economy in, by cities, 14, 17

Randolph Street, Chicago:

finding of commissioners for land taking, 40;
widening of, 29
Real Estate:
instances of appreciation in Chicago, 7-8;
sacrifice of, through error, 6
Recreational Needs: community money appropriated, 2
Recoupment: opinions of Londoners regarding, 129
Remnant Act:
draft of bill in Massachusetts, 107-110;
principles of, 107-111;
supreme court decision in Massachusetts, 112-114
Remnants:
appropriation of, in foreign countries, 107;
appropriation of, in France, 119;
control in excess taking, 134-135;
disposition of, 104-106;
Massachusetts act for, 111;
near Williamsburg Bridge, 104;
policy of French council, 121-122;
results of street changes, 103, 104;
revenue from sale of, in France, 119-122;
unsightliness of, 104-105;
unsuitable, in Boston, 104
Residential Districts: ordinances for, 155-157
Restrictions:
building lines, 211;
esthetics promoted by, 19-21
Road Juries: appointment in Philadelphia, 33, 34, 35
Rules of Damage: objections to, 93-94

San Francisco: condemnation proceedings in, 43

School House Sites:
acquired by condemnation, in Chicago, 42;
minimum price in New York, 16;
purchase of, by New York City, 15, 16
Seattle: city planning commission appointed in 1910, 196-197
Special Assessments:
Boston an exception to rule of, 96;
comparison of returns from, 98-99;
definition of, 56-57;
difference of, from tax, 57;
efficiency of, in different communities, 95;
former practice in Boston, 89;
history of, 87-90;
ineffectiveness in Boston, reasons for, 97;
in Kansas City, 72;
limit of, in some states, 84;
process of collection of, in New York City, 96;
regulation of, in different states, 83-102;
tables showing returns from, 99-101;
testing of, an advantage, 101-102
Special Assessments and Awards: relation of, for land takings,
92
Special Benefit:
area of, in Boston, 90,
in Milwaukee, 90,
in Philadelphia, 90,
in St. Louis, 90-91;
assessing board to determine area, 90-91;
assessments for, 84-102
Special Tribunals: provision for, in cities, 31-32
St. Louis, Missouri:
appointment of commissioners in, 33;
area of special benefit in, 90-91;
boulevard law and King’s Highway in, 90-91;
city charter, 211;
city hall in public square, 7;
commission’s compensations, 33;
commissioners’ time in reaching decisions, 33;
damage appeals by jury, 28;
ordinance for bill-boards, 165
State Legislation: governing assessments, 59-60
State Regulation: on special assessments, 83-102
Street Commissioners: awards of, in Boston, 36-38
Street Planning:
bureaus for, 173-180;
bureaus for, in Greater New York, 180-181;
community benefits of, 169;
control of, in cities, 169-183;
court decisions on, in Pennsylvania, 174-175;
limitations of, in cities, 182;
Pennsylvania statutes for, 174;
width in cities, 173-176
Streets:
assessments and expenses for opening, 87-88;
assessments for widening in New York City, 87-88;
building line in, 204;
Chicago commission on improvements, 39-40;
entries for opening in Milwaukee, 26;
lack of co-operation of departments of, 201;
Minneapolis findings in, 94;
one-way, in Boston, 204;
proceedings for improvements in Boston, 37-38;
remnants from change in, 103-104;
system in Belgium, 122-125;
widening of, in Philadelphia, 176;
 widening of, in business districts, 204-205
Streets and Parks: land taking for, in New York City, 43-44
Superior Court: last resort in condemnation cases in Indiana,
81
Supreme Court: height limitations, 141-145
Survey Boards, 280-282;
appointed in Boston in 1891, 89, 177-179;
supervision of, on highways, 171-180
Survey Bureau: in Philadelphia, 176-177
Survey Commission: work of, in Baltimore, 182
Survey Lines: in Brooklyn, 243-246
Swope Park, Kansas City: appropriation for, 73

Tax Payers:
excess condemnation relief, 103-106;
land cost a burden to, 22
Topographical Bureau: in Greater New York, 180-181
Topographical Survey: Baltimore commission, 182
Town Planning: German examples of, 1
Trial by Jury: in condemnation cases, 24
Trust Estates:
administered by cities, 4;
city as trustee, 4;
creation of, 4

Underground Wires: municipal regulation for, 152

Unit Idea:
city planning advantages, 188;
in city government, 186-188;
planning commissions appointed, 190
Virginia:
acts of assembly in 1906, 271;
condemnation, in 1906 assembly, 110

Washington, D. C.: building regulations in, 142

Washington:
eminent domain assessors in, 85-86;
state codes of, 50
Watson, Archibald R.: opinion of, on condemnation matters, 44-
45
Welch, Trustee, vs. Swasey, et al., 1908, 234-242
Welch vs. Swasey: 193 Mass. 364, 226-234
Williamsburg Bridge: remnants near, 104
Wisconsin:
amendments for excess taking in, 114, 116;
amendment to constitution, 279
Worcester, Massachusetts: city hall in common, 6-7
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