● Type 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

If clause Main clause

If + S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1

(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động (won’t / can’t + V1)
từ: don’t / doesn’t + V1)

Example:
- If she has free time, I will send her an invitation. (Nếu cô ấy có thời gian rảnh thì tôi sẽ gửi
cho cô ấy giấy mời)
- If Henry doesn’t feel better tomorrow, he will see a doctor. (Nếu Henry cảm thấy không tốt
hơn vào ngày mai thì anh ấy sẽ đi gặp bác sĩ)

2. Type 2: Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If clause Main clause

If + S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V1

(Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
từ: didn’t + V1)
- To be: were / weren’t

Example:
- If I were you, I would tell the truth. (Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ nói sự thật)
- If she knew your address, she would send you a letter. (Nếu cô ấy biết địa chỉ của bạn thì
cô ấy sẽ gửi cho bạn 1 lá thư)

● Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện:

Unless = If….not (Trừ phi = nếu…không)

Example:
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. (Nếu bạn không chăm chỉ
thì bạn sẽ không đủ tiền để sinh sống)
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
 I. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. If you _____________ (find) a wallet in the street, what would you do with it?
2. I must hurry. My friend ______________ (be) annoyed if I __________ (not/be) on time.
3. If I _________ (be) a bird, I _______________ (not/want) to live my whole life in a cage.
4. If you___________(pour) oil on water, it_________________(float)
5. If the phone_____________(ring), can you answer it?
6. If I ________ (have) wings, I_______________(not/ have to) take an airplane to fly home.
7. A: What shall we do tomorrow?
B: Well, if it__________(be) a nice day, we _____________(go) to the beach.
8. A: You look tired.
B: Well, if you____________(not/ wake) me up in the middle of the night, I ___________
(not/ be) tired.
9. This soup isn't very good. It_____________(taste) better if it__________(not/ be) so salty.
10. I think there are too many cars. If there____________(not/ be) so many cars,
there____________(not/ be) so much pollution.
11. A: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?
B: No, but I'll have a look. If I____________(find) it, I_______________(tell) you.
12. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They________(be) disappointed if
we_____________(not/ come).
13. A: Why do you read newspapers?
B: Well, if I____________(not/ read) newspapers, I____________(not/ know) what was
happening in the world.
14. If you___________(have) enough money to go anywhere in the world,
where_____________(you/ go)?
15. This box has got to be in Chicago tomorrow. I'm sure if I__________(send) it today by
express mail, it______________(arrive) in time.
16. People__________(be) able to fly if they_______________(have) feathers instead of hair.
17. A: Why are you sitting in the dark? B: Let's just say that if I__________(pay) my
electricity bill last month, I__________________(not/ be) in the dark now.
18. A: Would you like a cup of coffee?
B: No, thanks. If I_________(drink) coffee late at night, I__________________(sleep).

Il. Complete the conversation. Choose the correct form of the verbs.
Adam is a music student. He rents a room from Mr Day.
Mr Day: Can't you stop playing that trumpet? You're making an awful noise.
Adam: Well, if I (1) don't practice/ didn't practice, I won't pass my exam.
Mr Day: But why at night? It's half past twelve. If you (2) played/ had played it in the daytime I
(3) couldn't hear/ couldn't have heard you because I'd be at work. If you (4) told/ had told me
about this trumpet when you first came here, I (5) wouldn't let/ wouldn't have let you have the
room. I'm afraid it's becoming a nuisance. If you (6) don't play/ didn't play so loud, it (7) may not
be/ might not be so bad.
Adam: I'm sorry, but you can't play a trumpet quietly.
Mr Day: If I (8) realized/ had realized a year ago what you were going to do, then I
(9) would throw/ would have thrown you out long ago. If you (10) go/ went on making this noise
at night, I (11) will have/ would have to complain to your college.

Ill. Write a sentence with if for each situation.

1. You should take more exercise because that's the way to get fit.
If you take more exercise, you'll get fit.
2. I haven't got a key, so I can't get in.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Throw a stone into water and it sinks.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Road travel is cheaper than rail travel in this country, so we have lots of traffic jams.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. You may want a chat, so just give me a ring.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. I didn't finish my report yesterday, so I can't begin a new project today.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The wind is blowing hard, so I won't take the boat out for a ride.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. It might rain. If it does, everyone can eat inside.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. We don't visit you very often because you live so far away.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you.
______________________________________________________________________________

11. Is Matthew going to enter the race? He’ll probably win it.
______________________________________________________________________________

IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. If I were you, I___________ that coat. It's much too expensive.
a. won't buy b. don't buy c. wouldn't buy d. didn't buy
2. If I could speak Spanish, I_______________next year studying in Mexico.
a. will spend b. had spent c. would have spent d. would spend
3. 'Can I borrow your car this evening?' 'Sure, but Nora's using it right now. If she______it back
in time. You're welcome to borrow it?'
a. brought b. would ring c. will bring d. brings
4. If energy___________inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
a. is b. will be c. would be d. were
5. We_____________the game if we'd had a few more minutes.
a. could have won b. won c. had won d. will win
6. If you__________to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now.
a. listened b. will listen c. had listened d. listen
7.____________interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
a. If I am b. Should I c. Was I d. Were I
8. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people__________the same
language?
a. speak b. will speak c. spoke d. had spoken
9. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,________this incident again.
a. I don't mention b. I will never mention
c. I never mention d. will I never mention
10. Unless you____________all of my questions, I can't do anything to help you.
a. answered b. answer c. would answer d. are answering
11. If I weren't working for an accounting firm, I____________ in a bank.
a. work b. will work c. have worked d. would be working
12. 'Here's my phone number.' Thanks. I'll give you a call if I_ _ some help tomorrow?
a. will need b. need c. would need d. needed
13. If everyone _________, how would we control air traffic? Surely, we'd all be crashed into
each other.
a. can fly b. will fly c. flies d. could fly
14. If you ___________him tomorrow, __________him my message.
a. will see ... give b. should see ... give
c. see ... you'll give d. saw... could you give
15. __________a serious crime, what exactly should you do?
a. Unless you witness b. If only you witness
c. If you were to witness d. Even if you witness
16. If you_____________a car,____________me to drive?
a. bought... will you teach b. bought... would you teach
c. will buy ... will you teach d. buy ... will you teach
17. In the event that you should fail the first writing assignment for this class, I______you one
more week to revise.
a. would give b. will give c. will have given d. give
18. I will accept the job_________me a good salary.
a. provided that they will offer b. if they will offer
c. unless they offer d. if they offer
19. _____________, the meeting will not be postponed.
a. Unless it snows b. If it will snow
c. Whether it snows or not d. Even if it snow or not
20. Only if it rains continuously for three hours_________________the baseball game.
a. the officials will cancel b. will cancel the officials
c. will the officials cancel d. the officials cancel
21. If the earth____________a Moon, there____________any tides.
a. doesn't have ... aren't b. doesn't have ... won't be
c. didn't have ... wouldn't be d. hadn't had ... wouldn't have been
22. We would appeal__________to go against us.
a. the decision was b. if the decision were
c. if the decision was d. unless the decision was
23._________your full attention on driving, you will lower your chances of having an accident.
a. Unless you put b. If you put
c. Only if you put d. Provided that you put
24. turned off, write down the number of my office phone.
a. If my phone is b. Unless my phone is
c. Should my phone be d. Even if my phone is

V. Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use UNLESS in your sentence.
1. You don't get there in time if you don't hurry.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. We can't do the job if we don't get help.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. You are allowed into the club only if you're a member.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. I don't like fish. I wouldn't eat it if I wasn't extremely hungry.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Don't leave the TV on if you aren't watching it.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The doctor will see you today only if it's an emergency.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. You can't get a driver's license if you're not at least eighteen years old.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. I'm going to the party only if you go with me.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. The dog will attack you only if you move suddenly.
______________________________________________________________________________