FORENSIC 3

Presented by: ESTRADA,PRINCESS

FUENTES,KIENNETH JOHN
GENOVA,KHATE ZANDRA
IGARAN,IVY
LADERA,DAN JAMES
JANAO,REYSON
ULYMAR, JAYME
 Hair, Ultraviolet,
Fiber,Tape, Paint and
Macro-Etching
Examination
INTRODUCTION In this report, we will explore the
applications of forensic chemistry
and toxicology in the analysis of
hair, ultraviolet (UV) light, fiber,
tape, and paint. Additionally, we
will discuss the technique of
macro etching examination.
HAIR
• Hair is a common type of evidence
submitted to the trace section for
analysis. On average, humans shed
approximately 100 head hairs per day.
Because we are continuously shedding
hairs, forensic analysis of hairs is
beneficial to the establishment of
associations between individuals, a
person and an environment, etc.
Common Characteristics
of Human Hair
•Color
•Length
•Texture
•Shine
•Thickness
•Density
•Health
 Hair Sample under Microscope
Cortex: The cortex is the
middle layer of the hair shaft
and contains the majority of
the hair's pigment (melanin)
as well as proteins such as
keratin, which provide
strength and structure to the
hair.
 Hair Sample under Microscope
Medulla: The medulla is the
innermost layer of the hair
shaft, located at the center. Not
all hair types have a visible
medulla, and its presence, size,
and appearance can vary
between individuals and even
between hairs on the same
person.
Hair Sample under Microscope

Cuticle: is the outermost

layer of the hair shaft and
serves as a protective barrier
for the inner layers.
HAIR
Hair analysis plays a crucial
role in forensic investigations
due to its ability to provide
valuable information about
individuals, events, and
timelines.
HAIR
Some of the key aspects where
hair analysis proves to be significant
in forensic investigations include:

•Identification of Suspects
•Establishing Timelines
•Determining Drug Use
•Environmental Exposure
•DNA Analysis
HAIR
• Overall, hair analysis serves as a
valuable tool in forensic
investigations, providing investigators
with a wealth of information about
individuals' identities, behaviors, and
exposures, which can be crucial in
solving crimes and bringing
perpetrators to justice.
Ultra Violet
(UV) Light
• •Ultraviolet (UV) light sources come
in various forms, including UV lamps,
LEDs, and natural sunlight. They emit
light in the ultraviolet spectrum, which
is invisible to the human eye. UV light
sources have numerous applications,
including sterilization, disinfection,
curing, and fluorescence analysis.
Ultra Violet
(UV) Light
UV lamps are commonly used
in hospitals, laboratories, water
treatment facilities, and
manufacturing processes. UV
LEDs have gained popularity due
to their energy efficiency and
compact size, finding
applications in water purification
systems, counterfeit detection,
and medical devices. Natural
sunlight also contains UV light,
with UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C
wavelengths, although exposure
to UV-C is typically filtered out
by the Earth's atmosphere.
•Ultraviolet (UV) light finds
applications across various
fields due to its unique
properties.
Here are some of its key
applications:
•Sterilization and Disinfection
•Curing
•Fluorescence Analysis
•Phototherapy
•Analytical Chemistry
•Water and Air Purification
•Tanning
•Security and Forensics
Ultra Violet
(UV) Light
• Ultraviolet (UV) light allows
investigators and forensic researchers
to examine clues and recover evidence
that could not have been previously
detected. UV light provides more detail
and contrast to an injured area,
including bite marks, than standard
lighting techniques
 FIBER
Fiber generally refers to a
slender, thread-like structure
or material. In the context of
textiles, fibers can be natural
or synthetic and are the
building blocks used to create
fabrics and textiles.
FIBER
Microscopic analysis of fibers involves
examining fibers under a microscope to
identify their physical characteristics. This
includes observing the fiber's color,
shape, diameter, texture, and any unique
features such as dye patterns or surface
treatments. Microscopic analysis can help
determine the type of fiber (natural or
synthetic), its origin, and potential
sources.
FIBER
Chemical analysis of fibers involves
identifying the chemical composition of
the fibers through various analytical
techniques. This includes methods like
chromatography, spectroscopy, and
chemical reactivity tests
FIBER
•Chromatography separates
the components of a fiber
sample based on their
affinity to a stationary
phase, revealing different
chemical constituents
 FIBER
•Spectroscopic techniques, such
as infrared (IR) or nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy, provide
information about the functional
groups present in the fibers,
aiding in identification.
 FIBER
•Chemical reactivity tests involve
exposing the fibers to specific
reagents or conditions to observe
their reactions, which can help
differentiate between different
fiber types. For example, burning
a fiber and observing its flame
color, odor, and residue can
provide clues about its
composition.
 FIBER
•Chemical analysis of fibers is crucial in
forensic investigations, textile
manufacturing quality control, and
determining fiber suitability for various
applications.
 tape
Tape is a long, narrow piece
of material that is sticky on
one side and that is used to
stick things together or to
cover or repair.
 tape
In criminal investigations, tape
can sometimes be used as
evidence in cases involving
kidnapping, assault, or even
murder. These types of tapes can
be used for various purposes,
such as binding or restraining
victims, covering their mouths, or
securing evidence.
 tape
•In forensic science, tape is
examined in a manner similar to
fabric examination. When tape is
found at a crime scene,
investigators may compare the
ends of the tape collected at the
scene with the end of a tape roll
found in the possession of a
suspect.
 tape
•This type of examination is particularly
useful when the tape has unique
characteristics or markings that can be
compared.

•For example, if the tape has a specific

• pattern
• color
• texture

Investigators can analyze these features to

identify a potential match.
 tape
However, it's important to note that
the presence of tape alone may not
be sufficient evidence to prove a
crime.
 PAINT
Paint is a liquid pigment that, after
applied to a solid material and
allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer.
As art, this is used to create an
image, known as a painting. Paint
can be made in many colors and
types. Most paints are either oil-
based or water-based, and each has
distinct characteristics.
 PAINT
Paints are characterized by several physical and
chemical characteristics.

Physical characteristics may include:

color, layer sequence, layer thickness, surface
features, layer features, contaminants, and weathering

Chemical components may include:

pigments, polymers, and additives
 PAINT
Paint analysis involves the examination of various
characteristics of paint to provide valuable insights into
criminal activities. This report focuses on the analysis
of a paint sample collected from a crime scene.Paint
evidence occurs as transfers in a variety of crimes,
including vehicular hit-and-runs, assaults, and
burglaries.
 PAINT
Paint analysis involves the examination of various
characteristics of paint to provide valuable insights into
criminal activities. This report focuses on the analysis
of a paint sample collected from a crime scene.Paint
evidence occurs as transfers in a variety of crimes,
including vehicular hit-and-runs, assaults, and
burglaries.
 PAINT
Thin-Layer Chromatography
(TLC): TLC is utilized to
separate the components of
the paint sample based on their
solubility and affinity to the
stationary phase. This
technique aids in identifying
different organic compounds
present in the paint
 PAINT
Microscopic examination of the paint sample
allows for the identification of various layers
and components within the paint structure.
This analysis helps determine the composition
and layering sequence of the paint.
MACRO-ETCHING
EXAMINATION
•Macroetch examination is often
performed on welds to assess
quality or on fracture surfaces to
correlate surface characteristics
with failure mechanisms.
MACRO-ETCHING
EXAMINATION

It involves etching the surface

of a metal sample to reveal its
macroscopic features, such as
grain size, inclusions, segregation,
and discontinuities
MACRO-ETCHING
EXAMINATION
• Macro-etching is an application
of chemical solution on the metal
surface where the serial number is
normally located and observing
any reaction that may take place.