Thầy Minh’s Education Studio

Writing

Practice Test 2
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For an hour on the evening of October 30, 1

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1938, Orson Welles and other performers from Which choice completes the text so that it
the Mercury Theatre flooded the airwaves with conforms to the conventions of Standard
alarming “news bulletins” about a Martian English?
invasion supposedly occurring in Grover’s Mill,
New Jersey. They were performing a radio play A) headline in the New York Times declared
adapted from The War of the Worlds, a science B) headline in the New York Times, declared
fiction novel by H. G. Wells. The next day, a C) headline, in the New York Times declared,
front-page ______ “Radio Listeners in Panic,
Taking War Drama as Fact.” D) headline, in the New York Times, declared

As the movement grew beyond Italy’s 2

borders—today Slow Food International boasts Which choice completes the text so that it
more than 100,000 members in 150 countries— conforms to the conventions of Standard
this emphasis on pleasure drew criticism for English?
being elitist. Critics have also asked if growing
food using traditional methods, as opposed to A) can adequately and affordably feed the
mass production, ______ Given the hectic pace world?
of modern life, who among us has the time and B) adequately and affordably can feed the
resources for elaborate meals? Such questions, world?
in addition to environmental concerns, are at C) can adequately and affordably feed the
the heart of perennial debates about food world.
production.
D) adequately and affordably can feed the
world.

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For an hour on the evening of October 30, 3

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1938, Orson Welles and other performers from Which choice completes the text so that it
the Mercury Theatre flooded the airwaves with conforms to the conventions of Standard
alarming “news bulletins” about a Martian English?
invasion supposedly occurring in Grover’s Mill,
New Jersey. They were performing a radio play A) who feared
adapted from The War of the Worlds, a science B) that feared
fiction novel by H. G. Wells. The next day, The
C) fearing
Times article claimed that people had fled their
homes and that police stations had been D) to fear
swamped with calls. This version of events
persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s
broadcast had as many as twelve million people
______ that Martians had invaded Earth.

Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely 4

scenario: most people who heard the broadcast
Which choice completes the text so that it
understood they were listening to a piece of
conforms to the conventions of Standard
fiction, but ______ influenced by the
English?
sensationalized news coverage afterward, later
"remembered" being more afraid than they had A) some being
been. The researchers also suggest that, not B) some, they were
unlike people who got caught up in the
C) some,
excitement of the story when reading about it in
the newspaper, the American public may have D) some
been willing to embrace the legend because of
its appeal to the imagination.

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Early in the morning of September 2, 1859, 5

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long before sunrise, the sky got so light that Which choice completes the text so that it
gold miners in Colorado began preparing their conforms to the conventions of Standard
breakfast. All over the world, people ______ to English?
see the sky eerily illuminated by pulsating red,
green, and purple hues. When telegraph A) wake
operators showed up to work, they found sparks B) woke
flying from their telegraph machines.
C) will wake
D) are waking

In one Boston telegraph office, there was so 6

much electricity in the air that operators were Which choice completes the text so that it
still able to send messages, albeit intermittently, conforms to the conventions of Standard
even after the batteries of the telegraph English?
machines had been unplugged. These
mysterious events were caused by one of the A) record; the
most significant geomagnetic storms on ______ B) record. The
Carrington event. C) record, it was the
D) record: the

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The geomagnetic storm was named after 7

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English astronomer Richard Carrington, who Which choice completes the text so that it
reported the sunspot activity he had detected conforms to the conventions of Standard
from his observatory outside London during English?
the late morning of September 1. After
sketching a diagram of the dark spots he had A) minutes but, their effects
observed on the surface of the Sun, Carrington B) minutes, but their effects,
recorded that he saw eruptions of “two patches
C) minutes, but their effects
of intensely bright and white light.” The flashes
disappeared within ______ would later be felt D) minutes; but their effects,
on Earth for hours.

Researchers warn that if a solar storm were 8

to occur now, our technological infrastructure Which choice completes the text so that it
could be devastated. In addition to damaging conforms to the conventions of Standard
the electrical grid, geomagnetic activity could English?
also interrupt radar, cell phone
communications, and GPS receivers. To A) systems,
prepare for such events, space research agencies B) systems;
such as NASA are working to monitor solar C) systems, which
flare activity. Other agencies are working to
D) systems, therefore,
preserve the functionality of satellite ______
they recommend having a backup system ready
to launch if necessary.

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Evans took the photos in Many Are Called 9

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between 1938 and 1941. He would eventually Which choice completes the text so that it
achieve fame and critical acclaim for his iconic conforms to the conventions of Standard
portraits of destitute Alabama sharecroppers, English?
______ along with commentary by writer
James Agee, in the book Let Us Now Praise A) it was published,
Famous Men. B) he published it,
C) its publication,
D) published,

For student-athletes at the college level, 10

tough training schedules and high-pressure Which choice completes the text so that it
competition ______ an enormous amount of conforms to the conventions of Standard
time and energy. Completing all the course English?
work required to obtain a college degree may
seem more like a nuisance than a necessity. Yet A) requires
numerous studies indicate that earning a college B) has required
degree offers significant, lifelong advantages to C) require
young athletes.
D) required

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Even for the talented few who do reach the 11

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pros, athletic careers are, on average, brief: 3.5 Which choice completes the text so that it
years for football players, 4.8 years for conforms to the conventions of Standard
basketball players, ______ and 5.6 years for English?
baseball players. Their playing years quickly
behind them, many retired athletes find it A) for hockey players it's 5.5 years,
difficult to enter the job market without a B) only 5.5 years for careers of hockey
college degree. Reports show that just a few players,
years after retirement, a high percentage of
C) 5.5 years for hockey players,
former professional athletes struggle with
joblessness and poverty. D) hockey players 5.5 years,

According to Abdul-Jabbar, it’s not 12

uncommon for professional athletes to struggle
Which choice completes the text so that it
with financial and career-related decisions, but,
conforms to the conventions of Standard
he claims, “One thing that can change this is
English?
taking the time to go to college. Learning about
the world and the way it works in and out of the A) pros, navigating life after retirement,
classroom is a great way to figure out the way
B) pros; navigating life after retirement,
you want to live your life.” Many experts agree
with Abdul-Jabbar’s assessment. College- C) pros, navigating life after retirement;
educated athletes are better prepared for life, D) pros: navigating life after retirement
whether they're managing the generous
paychecks they might receive during their time
in the ______ or pursuing a career path outside
of professional sports.

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Many Are Called provides an urban 13

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counterpoint to the rural portraits in Let Us Which choice completes the text so that it
Now Praise Famous Men. It presents passengers conforms to the conventions of Standard
of various ages and walks of life, in a variety of English?
moods, sharing the common demeanor of a
person who thinks he or she is alone in the A) today—almost everyone wears a hat—in
crowd, unwatched. A society matron light of this,
daydreams, her gloved hands folded neatly on B) today; almost everyone wears a hat,
her lap. A dapper businessman reads a novel. A although
sleepy toddler snuggles with his mother. There
C) today; as almost everyone wears a hat,
are more newspapers and fur coats than one
sees ______ the postures and expressions of the D) today, and almost everyone wears a hat,
riders are strikingly familiar to anyone who has but
ever been on a subway, bus, train, or airplane.

All of the pictures are shot at the subjects’ eye 14

level; Evans sat opposite them as he
Which choice completes the text so that it
photographed them. In many of the pictures
conforms to the conventions of Standard
______ are aware of being photographed; they
English?
stare directly, sometimes defiantly, into the
camera’s lens. A) its obvious that the subjects
B) its obvious that the subject’s
C) it’s obvious that the subjects’
D) it’s obvious that the subjects

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Many of Pompeii’s buildings had had their 15

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roofs destroyed during the eruption. The Which choice completes the text so that it
frescoes in these buildings were especially conforms to the conventions of Standard
vulnerable to weather damage once the ash was English?
cleared away. A covering installed by the
excavators to shelter some of the buildings A) modern technology is being utilized by
leaked, and rainwater began to spoil the archaeologists and restoration officials
paintings. Recognizing these problems, ______ B) utilization of modern technology is
to strengthen Pompeii’s buildings and restore allowing archaeologists and restoration
the city’s frescoes. officials
C) archaeologists and restoration officials are
utilizing modern technology
D) utilizing modern technology is what
archaeologists and restoration officials do

Lasers are being employed to clean the 16

surface of the frescoes. Since laser cleaning Which choice completes the text so that it
affects only the microscopic top layer of the conforms to the conventions of Standard
______ it can remove the wax and years of English?
grime without causing harm. Through these
efforts, archaeologists hope to preserve A) frescoes, and
Pompeii’s hidden treasures for centuries to B) frescoes; therefore,
come. C) frescoes;
D) frescoes,

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Recent events have called attention to the 17

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urgency of the issue regarding space debris. In Which choice completes the text so that it
2007, China's ______ nearly 3,000 pieces of conforms to the conventions of Standard
debris. Two years later, a collision between an English?
active US communications satellite and a
discarded Russian satellite created more than A) deliberate destruction of a defunct
2,000 pieces of debris. From these incidents satellite in an antisatellite missile test,
alone, the likelihood of catastrophic collisions adding
has more than doubled. B) deliberate destruction of a defunct
satellite in an antisatellite missile test
added
C) deliberately destroying a defunct satellite
in an antisatellite missile test and adding
D) deliberate destruction of a defunct
satellite in an antisatellite missile test,
which added

Recognizing the need for action, individual 18

countries have started to invest in tracking Which choice completes the text so that it
systems that can alert operators to the presence conforms to the conventions of Standard
of ______ they have also begun to develop English?
technologies that might one day remove debris.
Political obstacles, however, stand in the way of A) hazards,
these advances. Although object-tracking B) hazards;
technologies have the potential to prevent C) hazards—
disastrous collisions, for reasons of competition
D) hazards:
and national security, countries are not always
willing to share necessary data.

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When Harry Gordon Selfridge, a junior 19

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partner at the flourishing Chicago department Which choice completes the text so that it
store Marshall Field’s, traveled to London in conforms to the conventions of Standard
1906, he noted a significant gap in the city’s English?
retail market. There were no department stores.
Selfridge moved to England shortly thereafter A) promised,
and opened a store that would modernize B) promised:
British shopping. In bold illustrated newspaper
C) promised
ads that publicized his new venture, which
would have a floor area of 42,000 square feet D) promised;
and include 130 different departments,
Selfridge ______ “the pleasures of shopping as
well as those of sightseeing.” No longer a series
of somewhat tedious errands, shopping would
become a memorable outing, a spectacular
occasion.

Selfridge planned a large-scale event, hoping 20

to draw customers to the store. In July 1909,
Which choice completes the text so that it
several months after the store’s grand opening,
conforms to the conventions of Standard
famed French ______ piloted the first flight
English?
over the English Channel. Selfridge was among
those to greet the pilot upon his arrival on A) aviator Louis Blériot,
British soil. B) aviator, Louis Blériot
C) aviator—Louis Blériot,
D) aviator Louis Blériot

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In addition to holding widely publicized 21

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events, Selfridge created a sense of theatricality Which choice completes the text so that it
through lavish window displays. He provided conforms to the conventions of Standard
the store’s creative director, Edward Goldsman, English?
with an ample blank canvas: the store featured
twenty-one windows, ______ had the largest A) twelve of which
sheets of plate glass in the world. While British B) of these, twelve
window displays at the time typically featured a
C) twelve of theirs
simple arrangement of various goods for sale,
Goldsman used his windows to tell stories that D) twelve of them
included elaborate backdrops and props as well
as merchandise.

In many cities, around the ______ megastore 22

sits a quaint bookshop filled with the rich
Which choice completes the text so that it
aroma of aging paper and leather bindings.
conforms to the conventions of Standard
Such is the haunt of antiquarian booksellers—
English?
dealers of rare, old, and out-of-print books
who, in an age of rapid technology, know the A) corner from a colossal media
value of a good book.
B) corner, from a colossal media
C) corner from a colossal, media,
D) corner, from a colossal, media

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Roboticists trumpet the many potential uses 23

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for robots, which can be programmed to work Which choice completes the text so that it
as guides, physical therapists, and mail carriers, conforms to the conventions of Standard
among other occupations. French engineers English?
have created a prototype ______ can one day
function as a caregiver and home assistant for A) hoping they
the elderly. B) hoping that
C) they hope
D) and hope

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Antiquarian booksellers typically enter the 24

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industry through an apprenticeship with an Which choice completes the text so that it
established dealer, librarian, or auctioneer. By conforms to the conventions of Standard
working with a more experienced employer, English?
they learn the trade firsthand in preparation for
a solo career. Apprentices might assist with A) to evaluate
managing inventory, finding rare books to B) evaluating
purchase for resale, or ______ books to C) the evaluation of
determine the appropriate selling price.
D) they evaluate

As in any business, the goal of antiquarian 25

bookselling lies in making a profit, so
Which choice completes the text so that it
continually finding rare or old books to add to
conforms to the conventions of Standard
the inventory ______ revenues constant. At
English?
best, the bookseller will resell a book for a large
sum. A) keep
B) are keeping
C) keeps
D) have kept

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Due to a number of changes in the modern 26

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world, the tradition of woman divers in Korea Which choice completes the text with the
may be in jeopardy. Whereas there were once as most logical transition?
many as fifteen thousand divers on the island,
there are now only about five thousand. The A) For one things,
economy of Jeju had expanded to include B) For these reasons,
farming and tourism, tourism, so the reliance
C) In the same manner,
on the seafood industry is not as strong.
Women often travel to other cities for job that D) As stated before,
are less physically demanding. ______ there are
very few young women learning the techniques
of diving.

Because CT scanners can map objects that 27

are impossible to excavate, CT scanning and 3-
Which choice completes the text with the
D printing can be used to reproduce fossils that
most logical transition?
scientists cannot observe firsthand. ______
researchers from the National Museum of Brazil A) By contrast,
relied on this technique to study a fossilized B) Nonetheless,
skeleton that was discovered protruding from a
C) Besides,
rock at an old Sao Paulo railroad site.
D) For example,

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While worrisome, the decline of traditional 28

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print media need not entail the end of Which choice completes the text with the
investigative journalism. Indeed, recent years most logical transition?
have witnessed innovative adjustments to
changing times. Nonprofit enterprises such as A) for example,
the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting B) therefore,
Project have begun to fill the void created by C) however,
staff losses at newspapers and magazines.
D) in any case,
Enterprising freelance reporters, newly funded
by nonprofits, make extensive use of social
media, including blogs and Twitter, to foster a
public conversation about key issues. The Help
Me Investigate project, ______ solicited readers
to submit tips and information related to
ongoing stories to its website.

The home page of one leading crowdfunding 29

site features a project to manufacture pinhole Which choice completes the text with the
cameras on a 3-D printer. The idea is obviously most logical transition?
very attractive: an obscure method of
photography may be made available to many at A) However,
little expense. Within weeks, the project was 621 B) Therefore,
percent funded. In contrast, on the same page, a
C) In effect,
small Brooklyn performance venue is
attempting to raise money for its current season. D) As a rule,
The venue features works of performance art
showcased in a storefront window. Those who
have seen the space consider it vital. ______
that group may not be large enough; with just
fourteen days to go in the fund-raising period,
the campaign is only 46 percent funded.

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Physician assistants (PAs) offer vital primary 30

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care in many locations. Some 90,000 PAs were Which choice completes the text with the
employed nationwide in 2012. Over and above most logical transition?
their value in partially compensating for the
general physician shortage has been their A) In addition,
extraordinary contribution to rural health care. B) Thus,
A recent review of the scholarly literature by C) Despite this,
Texas researchers found that PAs lend cost-
D) On the other hand,
efficient, widely appreciated services in
underserved areas. ______ rural-based PAs
often provide a broader spectrum of such
services than do their urban and suburban
counterparts, possibly as a consequence of the
limited pool of rural-based physicians.

Italy’s Tower of Pisa has been leaning 31

southward since the initial stages of its
Which choice completes the text with the
construction over 800 years ago. ______ if the
most logical transition?
tower’s construction had not taken two
centuries and involved significant breaks due to A) Indeed,
war and civil unrest, which allowed the ground
B) Therefore,
beneath the tower to settle, the tower would
likely have collapsed before it was completed. C) Nevertheless,
D) However,

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The HIIT method involves alternating 32

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periods of exercising at or near 100 percent of Which choice completes the text with the
one's maximum heart rate with periods of most logical transition?
exercising at a lower level of intensity. ______
an HIIT workout might consist of sprinting for A) Instead,
30 seconds and then jogging slowly for 60 B) Nevertheless,
seconds, followed by additional exercise-and- C) For example,
recovery cycles.
D) In any case,

Urban waterfronts are increasingly prized as 33

prime real estate and dedicated to upscale
Which choice completes the text with the
housing and shopping. ______ not long ago,
most logical transition?
waterfront areas in many cities were considered
undesirable. In the mid-1980s, the studio of A) In addition,
New York City sculptor Mark di Suvero looked
B) For example,
out on a debris-strewn patch of landfill adjacent
to the East River in the borough of Queens. C) However,
Tired of watching the four-acre vacant lot fill D) In other words,
with trash from illegal dumping, di Suvero
decided to take action. He developed a plan to
transform this urban wasteland into a sculpture
park.

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The American Society of Civil Engineers' 34

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2013 Report Card for Americas Infrastructure Which choice completes the text with the
indicated that one out of every nine bridges in most logical transition?
the United States is structurally deficient. The
projected cost of making needed repairs to A) however,
bridges is no small issue for any municipal, B) therefore,
county, state, or a federal government agency. C) consequently,
For the sake of the public’s safety, ______
repairs must be made. Furthermore, it’s time to D) likewise,
commit to building environmentally and
financially sustainable structures. To do so, civil
engineers must utilize new technologies that
will improve the condition of bridges
nationwide and keep them in good working
order for as long as possible.

Despite perceived benefits, caffeine should be 35

consumed only in moderation. While caffeine is Which choice completes the text with the
not usually harmful in normal doses, it can be most logical transition?
addictive, as the body builds up a tolerance to its
effects. The brain eventually begins responding A) Due to this fact,
to caffeine with the creation of more adenosine B) Lastly,
receptors. Therefore, one has to consume more
C) Thus,
caffeine to achieve the same effect and can
suffer headaches and other symptoms upon D) Still,
ceasing regular caffeine intake. ______
caffeine’s long- and short-term benefits appear
to be enough to support a moderate habit
equivalent to a cup or two of coffee daily.

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New theories, practices, and technologies are 36

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transforming the twenty-first-century Which choice completes the text with the
workplace at lightning speed. To perform their most logical transition?
jobs successfully in this dynamic environment,
workers in many fields, from social services to A) Accordingly,
manufacturing, must continually acquire B) Nevertheless,
relevant knowledge and update key skills. This C) Regardless,
practice of continued education, also known as
professional development, benefits not only D) Similarly,
employees but also their employers. ______
meaningful professional development is a
shared responsibility: it is the responsibility of
employers to provide useful programs, and it is
also the responsibility of employees to take
advantage of the opportunities offered to them.

In 1986, McDonald’s caused a stir in Italy 37

when it opened a restaurant next to Rome’s Which choice completes the text with the
historic Spanish Steps. Young, on-the-go eaters most logical transition?
were thrilled; ______ those who prized regional
foods and Italy’s convivial culture built on A) specifically,
cooking and long meals feared that the B) for example,
restaurant signaled the death of a way of life. To
C) however,
counter the rise of fast food and fast life, a
cohort of chefs, journalists, and sociologists D) in fact,
spearheaded a Slow Food movement, declaring
loyalty to unhurried enjoyment.

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Over time, Slow Food has broadened its 38

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mission to focus on food that is good, clean, Which choice completes the text with the
and fair for all. Members assert that food most logical transition?
should be flavorful, carrying the properties of a
particular region; it should be raised using A) In short,
environmentally sustainable practices that B) Nonetheless,
preserve biodiversity; and it should be
C) To these ends,
accessible to all without exploiting the labors of
those who produced it. ______ Slow Food runs D) By the same token,
programs that support small-scale producers in
marketing regional foods in a world where food
corporations threaten to drive them out of the
marketplace and homogenize food choices.

Researchers warn that if a solar storm were 39

to occur now, our technological infrastructure
Which choice completes the text with the
could be devastated. In addition to damaging
most logical transition?
the electrical grid, geomagnetic activity could
also interrupt radar, cell phone A) Consequently,
communications, and GPS receivers. To B) Fortunately,
prepare for such events, space research agencies
such as NASA are working to monitor solar C) Thus,
flare activity, preserve the functionality of D) As a matter of fact,
satellite system, and recommend having a
backup system ready to launch if necessary.
______ statisticians surmise that an occurrence
as severe as the Carrington event is likely a
once-in-a-half-millennium event. If they are
correct, there is probably ample time to make
our systems more resistant to such disruption.

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Recently, roboticists have begun to design 40

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and build robots that more closely resemble Which choice completes the text with the
humans. There is a logical reason for this most logical transition?
development. Increasingly, robots need to be
able to function in environments that were A) Still,
constructed with people in mind—and when B) For example,
working in human settings, it helps to have
C) In addition,
some human characteristics. ______ for
jointless robots to manipulate the doors, D) However,
switches, and knobs prevalent in people’s
homes and offices, their “limbs” must mimic
the joints of a human.

During the years that the subway portraits 41

were taken, though, Evans was attempting to Which choice completes the text with
find a publisher for the work. Let Us Now Praise the most logical transition?
Famous Men was published in ______ despite
the attention that work garnered, Many Are A) 1941, but
Called remained unpublished until 1966. B) 1941, and
C) 1941; therefore,
D) 1941: thus,

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For many years, scientists hesitated to create 42

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robots that looked too much like humans, Which choice completes the text with the
citing the concept of the “uncanny valley.” In most logical transition?
1970, Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori
posited that if a robot's appearance is too A) Although later studies questioned whether
lifelike, people become uneasy. ______ this uncanny valley effect actually exists,
Audiences smiled at the antics of the the idea that humanlike robots make
machinelike characters R2-D2 and C-3PO from people uncomfortable has permeated
the Star Wars movies but were unsettled by the science fiction stories and films.
humanlike cyborgs from the Terminator series. B) The idea that humanlike robots make
people uncomfortable has permeated
science fiction stories and films, and later
studies questioned whether this uncanny
valley effect actually exists.
C) Later studies questioned whether this
uncanny valley effect actually exists
because the idea that humanlike robots
make people uncomfortable has
permeated science fiction stories and
films.
D) The idea that humanlike robots make
people uncomfortable has permeated
science fiction stories and films; as a
result, later studies questioned whether
this uncanny valley effect actually exists.

Initial excavation of Pompeii in the 43

mid-1700s revealed many beautiful frescoes, Which choice completes the text with the
their colors still fresh and bright. The fact that most logical transition?
they are painted on freshly plastered walls
makes the frescoes very durable: their pigments A) On the other hand,
are chemically bonded to the surface on which B) As a result,
they are painted. ______ they are not C) To that end,
indestructible: overexposure to moisture, for
D) Either way,
example, will ruin them.

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