Resources and

Development 1
NCERT SOLUTIONS

What's inside
– Activities Q's (solved)
– Textbook Exercise Q's (solved)
 IN-CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Activity-1
l Identify at least two resources from each category.
Ans.:Two resources from each category are identified as follows :
lRenewable Resources - Solar Energy, Wind Energy,
lNon-renewable Resources - Petrol, Diesel
lPersonal resources - farm, house
lCommunity Resources - Public Park, Playground
lBio-resources - flora, fauna
lAbiotic Resources - Metals, Rocks
lNational Resources - Wildlife and Roads
lInternational Resources - Marine Resources and Marine Economic Zone
lPotential Resources - Wind Energy, Geothermal Energy
lResources as developed reserves - coal, mineral oil
lReserves - water stored in dams, forests.
Activity-2
l Prepare a list of stock and reserve resources that you are familiar with from
your local area.
Ans.:Stock - wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, water etc.
Reserve - water of dams, water of rivers, forests etc.
Activity-3
l Imagine, if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our life
style?
Ans.:lThe transport system will be greatly affected.
lStudents will have to use foot or cycle to go to school.
lPeople will not be able to reach their office and other places on time.
lThe price of vegetables and all items of daily use will increase.
lIt will take more time and difficulty in transporting the goods from one place
to another.
l Plan a survey in your colony/village to investigate people's attitude towards
recycling of the domestic/agricultural wastes. Ask questions about :

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 (a)What do they think about resources they use?
(b)What is their opinion about the wastes, and its utilisation?
(c)Collage your results.
Ans.:(a)They think about the resources used by them, that in any way, they should use
their resources in a balanced and economical way only when they are needed
so that those people can fulfill their needs and do not exploit them so that their
availability and use is expected to be maintained in future.
(b)People believe that instead of disposing waste in a systematic way, it is
appropriate to use it in different ways, like the best way to destroy waste is to
make fertilizer from it. Large pits are filled with waste and buried with soil.
Within a few days, this waste decomposes and becomes ready in the form of
compost.
(c)Students should do this work themselves in their own class with the help of
teacher.
Activity-4
l Prepare a list of resources found in your state and also identify the resources
that are important but deficit in your state.
Ans.:Due to under-written reasons that I have gathered on my own experiences, I
don’t want to invest in the new technology:
l I am a student of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
l The resources found more in Uttar Pradesh are
(i) minerals,
(ii) forests,
(iii) soil,
(iv) human resources, livestock etc.
l Resources found in small quantities in Uttar Pradesh are as follows:
(i) iron,
(ii) natural gas,
(iii) petroleum, coal etc.
Activity-5
l Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts given for land use and find
out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-
61 to 2002-03 very marginally.
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Ans.:The net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to
2002-03 very marginally because of the following factors:
lUrbanization
lfloods
lIncreasing population,
lFragmentation of land holdings
lDeclining water table
lUnabated and massive conversion of agricultural land for building houses and
construction of infrastructure.
lRise in cost of irrigation

TEXTBOOK EXERCISE

I. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(A) Renewable
(B) Biotic
(C) Flow
(D)Non-renewable
2. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in
Punjab?
(A) Intensive cultivation
(B) Deforestation
(C) Over irrigation
(D) Overgrazing

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 3. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(A) Punjab
(B) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(C) Haryana
(D) Uttarakhand
4. In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?
(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Jharkhand
Ans.:1. (D) Non-renewable
2. (A) Replenishable
3. (C) Over irrigation
4. (D) Uttarakhand
5. (B) Maharashtra
II. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
1. Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in
it.
Ans.:The three states having black soil are -
l Maharashtra
l Gujarat
l Madhya Pradesh
The crop grown in black soil is cotton.
2. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give
three main features of this type of soil.
Ans.:The type of soil found in river deltas of the eastern coast is Alluvial Soil.
Following are the three main features of Alluvial soil -
l Very fertile hence good for cultivation of crops
l Consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay
l It has a good quantity of potash, lime, phosphoric acid which is good for
the growth of paddy and sugarcane

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 3. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Ans.:The main techniques that can be used to control soil erosion in the hilly areas
are given below-
l Contour ploughing
l Terrace farming
l Strips of grass are allowed to grow between the crops, this method is
known as strip cropping.
4. What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans. :
Biotic resources Abiotic resources
These are obtained from the All those things which are composed
biosphere. of non-living things are called abiotic
resources.
Examples are human beings, flora Examples are rocks and metals.
and fauna, fisheries, livestock.

III.Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

1. Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not
increased much since 1960-61?
Ans.:The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography,
climate, soil types as well as human factors such as population density,
technological capability and culture and traditions etc. The pattern of the net
sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of
the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands. Forest area in the
country is far lower than the desired 33 per cent of geographical area, as it was
outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952). It was considered essential for the
maintenance of the ecological balance. A part of the land is termed as wasteland
and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Wasteland includes rocky, arid and
desert areas and land put to other non-agricultural uses includes settlements,
roads, railways, industry etc. Continuous use of land over a long period of time
without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it has resulted in
land degradation.
2. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption
of resources?

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 Ans.:lLarge scale production leads to over utilization of resources as more and
more raw sources are required.
lTechnological advancement led to greater exploitation of resources.
lTechnological development results in economic development. Therefore, the
needs of the people are increased equally, which led to more consumption of
resources.
lIn developed nations the needs of the people are very high.
lImproved medical and health resources led to huge consumption of
resources.
lIntroduction of more developed machineries.
Project/Activity
1. Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in
your locality.
Ans.:Students can do this project on their own as per the guidelines given by their
teacher.
2. Have a discussion in the class– how to conserve various resources used in
your school.
Ans.:In the presence of the teacher in your class at school, discuss the topic given in
the question amongst themselves.
3. Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our life style?
Ans.:lIf oil supplies get exhausted, this will affect our life-style very much because
in such a situation the machines, vehicles, railways etc. will not be able to
run.
lPeople would not be able to go from one place to another because oil is
needed for every means of transport.
lMost of our activities are depended on petroleum products like petrol,
diesel, LPG, CNG etc.
4. Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to
find the hidden answers.
S F G S F O B R O M S U A P J
Q G A F F O R E S T A T I O N
P N R E C P R S L D M I L N F
S N A T Q X U O V A I O L A L
O D E I D R J U J L D B N B D
T G H M I N E R A L S A X M W
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 B V J K M E D C R U P F M H R
L A T E R I T E M V A Z T V L
A B Z O E N M F T I S D L R C
C G N N S Z I O P A X T Y J H
K J G K D T D C S L S E G E W

(i) Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals.
(ii) A type of non-renewable resource.
(iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(vi) The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils.
Ans. :
(i) Resource
(ii) Minerals
(iii) Black
(iv) Laterite
(v) Afforestation
(vi) Alluvial

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