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Unit No: o
orAlgorithms
iubject: Design & Analysis of
Subject: Algorithms Class Notes
Notes ll
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Lecture No:
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iaculty: Anandkumar B
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 Unit No: o I
Subject: Design & Analysis of Algorithms Class Notes Lecture No:
Faculty: Anandkumar B . ,, ll f_mt to Session
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Planner (SP):s.No.... orsr
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Date Conducted:
Page No: o 6

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 Unit No: o I
Subject: Design & Analysis of Algorithms Class Notes ll Lecture No:
Faculty: Anandkumar B ll finf. to Session
htymTtolia Nor,h*n
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 Unit No: o I
: DesiSn 4 ^.'lrClir. ffiottJ Sovi*htv-ts' Lecture No:
Faculty: A na nd N unaY 3 Link to Session
Topic: Planner (SP):s.No.... orsr
Book Reference:
4 Liftk oh [") Notahon The Date Conducted:
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-70 pYoVa thal f(n) 05 -a.Cn),uJe' r1e-'d -la ahoc)
th a* f h exz exis{ posi h've. cotvsEo rk c + Y1o
,5cach thal' f (n) 2., c46) €7T ol) 71 7'r1o
c=l + fio=l Ttlen fd "ll h214a-
Le l* choosa
f(n) = 2nt 3
(12
fcn> 2z t*h
I

*n4 f (n) >. cx 1cn)

h *td71- , uce J-1av€ 'SbecDY)
c=l & fio=l 'Tt^-'/)
kd alt h>tno)ObeY€'
inPlio> thetP f (il 'ia 4(n)'
lhen PvoV< flno,t f(n) a oc^t)
2.18 f(n)=5n'+6n+4
Prn) ''t o(nL)' Lne ne.J fo shoc)
To PYove fhal
cor,tLanl c 1no
lhal- thut-e- evista a. Posihv<
atlt V7r\a
6qch t'hql P(n) S c*g(n) lot
2'fio
T4'tcm Pa Jl
Y)
Le t> choo s e c= e & no--?
z
{n 16n*e ck 9 Ln)'--/*'tL
PCn) =

, 5* 141 + 6x -l+q
, 6 xv 1
; 21\
t &4 I
y f tr,) S c Y 1Cn \
*l''''o
e- Sl-to(at)
*tau- 1fr. De hav Y)o=7 rTv')
7-fio roheve c'6 +
6qt all r-)
impliu th^) F(n) \b oLn)'
 oI
ll urtt No:
Subject: Design & Analysis of Algorithms Class Notes ll I-ecture No:
Faculty: Anandkumar B ll rirr. to Session
lTopic: kecu f e nc eS ll etunnrr (SP):s.r.ro.... orse

I o ecrNtA|ut ,t^ a. roout| ] t<ind, % ll *fA*l'ffi;

covn f,e anc:t'ttb'd- ffi
l""d;;,'Dhich
Iart tol loo s
ll

lu erl /4 o-lt
g iv*v't i ra farnce % il"r- probl
2

I
- t6 il,rJ, "a '->
I ";
,-, t .sol ,. i l-
l-oye
| | - r-t^z
fhe to o
o 5l*n'1 to
^Y^Ll*n't ome ol
l- o*h e:,<-+) v5e . neola-t-<p- Pr
Htv- Yo b I zrvt '
I

a,
I - pl o-r ; rt's tov'r-t cp->
"e 's ^zrr1e f
etProtsu! t'r) fer*ts %
Aecu-rt*ion
' '-'' geneY^'l'U
7-' t,s
5' o*hel .:\'^--^r.' ;)L't
c'cords' "'rher'> aT) ^lgorlfhn
e r'> av
Yec uv{er)ce trr>
)escrt'b< t'k ;A YunninT
callE *o;L"lS,ae can o5kn
yecuTTer)ce- t1 *oL,gtrt )tscvibe-s
hfi)e bV ^ 'DL'tr-cb siVe 11
ot Df
rtle ove{all runninT h'r-t- ok PYobtem inpwb
t5rr)a)let
in ktvns of- thL Yt4r)ning hrne or)
YeCOA{{en.et
TheVe aye VaTt'ou4 t-zchniTutt-S L o ,5olv e
t, BqcX a^rd S u b d-' t'n b'o n m e *ho
J-

rve*n"J'
4' Favd,qY d su bs)-'h h'on
3' Rec,^Y s i on T h ee 77e fhocJ
+ Maskr's fheoYerT
bqcl(,,oarJ sq bsh')-.a h'o
ba,cYu0a n
I ' ,5oltte- thc la llo&in3 Ye c)^Tr e Y)(e v e)a' h'o n
7 (n), r(r-t-t) +n rlr'tl''t r(o)= o as int'b^*! cohJ''h'on
" (et
T .n)=r(n'r)+n
bg bacltuY d, sabshI'{ F o ^,
T(n-r) 2 r Cn-l- l 1 +(n-t)
rCn) = 'r ( n'z)+(n-t) +D
xgat n

T (o'z)
"' r'r: :;t r') lr''
+(n -i ) t n
:, t ( rt)-- t ( \-Z) +b ->)
:.

(n-t<) +(n-t<+ t) *(n -k +-) + "' " *n

T(n) -'I
,b 11= Yl
+11
T(o)+t+2+ -"'
t(n)'
n
= o* I + 2 + ' ' ' ' +
T(n)= h(n*t) ,nz+n
272
TCn)e o(n')
 : Anan)Yurnav A

'tCn). T (n-t) + t (D;tb 7(o)=6 d,.,) ;n;l-'.--1-

c or't Aih'"n .

lel
't(n)= I(r;-t)+ I

by ba-clc AaY d su los h' l' utA't n

t(n-t) = r(o'l't)+ I

'f(n), t(n-z)+ z-
xaain
1Cn-z) = rCn-2-')+ I

r(n-z), r(n-7)+l
1(n)= T(n-b)+s
t
I

TC)1 )= r(n't<)+t<
Ek K=fi, +Vtev)
TCn) , T(D-n) +Y)
: f(o)+n
t(n) ' Y)

'I(n) -z o(n)'

,r,i'1.11
5-solve lbe- f olloOin 9 yecvvYenCq 1(n) : +r@lz)+ y)z {-, TCt

- 1(n) , +T (.6) u n'

n + tr,f * nu
lurL^GL)
trlz^\ t g'* ,)'
l3-l z2
tlrf-Zlt Bnz
\zz/ q

+"f, T" *).

G,)*
,3 r(v\ * @+ t'-i
q
\23) Bt L
o7 (-L\
t . En' : u \z-J
'(?,) "(*).

i
2_

, qHr [L\+
\a*/ '(?)
t' I< =loS{
o =l +l'')e4
tb Ae o'A SUfl) e 3
c
'-'o
2

, +Kr() + .(F,)

-u*', +-c n'

1sx't )>
Kz
h + c;n
,,'ou'! I c, fru

o'o9t4 * ., *
t.z6 z
D +Cr)
tLn) = oCr*).
Subjecr pesiSv-t & an^b61;
Faculty: A na nA Y urtaY 3 ll rint to Session
Topic:

4 r:n) , zr(z) *. /

*c
"P'(?)..l
' 4r(?) + 3 c
;4lrr(?)"'.1+zc
L

1c
= ,r(?\*
I) *(a'-t)
c
, 'j r /ll
\*
i

r -r .(i -r) c
,,), zY
(?)
Ib Lae- ? 4I eY=n.ll->eY)

' :t(n)' + @-t) c

-'(+1
i nrcr)*@-t) c

;. rcn) = o(r,)
1_ (h),

k
Pta =f)

r(n ) = T try{

, T(t) + c.lr3{

r-ta v) +
T(n) = c 1o33
|

-f (n) = | o1-{

:tl
'ii,
:r.,: ,

't :: r: Lt'' i.rl

r.,,..:ri rr,:i, i
 Unit No: o I
Subject: Det t1 1l4 4
,st.
Sl. ln Lecture No:
Faculty: ArY\A dlYu
aa nd )r I.ink to Session
fopic: Planner (SP):s.No.... orsr
6 {( n)\-)- r(' 2-'T Y) -ln =l Book Reference:
Date Conducted:

r(/n
''\ 2t-J Page No: t2-
T( n) =

t ,IP,! ( 4r)

,(!L )
+1r( ")
t_l
t4
D+

q'rQ zn
qoq
r(ty7
)

rI z'rr(.82
I r+
n
a
['

8Tl/t),)' r) +"
'( \r6t )*
8Tr(/n
D'
tl8.)' 7'v)

1(n ): i- ,1,L t h
.3r)

T(n)= ^* ,(3).
Kn

Pu,l ^* =y.\
r (n ) , r) -f(+). t ol n 'n
. n, T(r) + n tuSn
. Y)+ nlo30
\
TCn)- oLntogn ) '
4 r(n) = I

e nr* cn-l) ,l T(n-z)

- h )+ (n-l)r(o-L) "T(n-3)
r(r-t) = nx (n-,), (n->) *6-a) x T(t1-u)
;

1[n) = n * (n-r) *Cn->) x ['''-z).:['-dt+t; x T (n-1.)

=)n=K
)(1"fCO)
xl*l

rCn) = O("" )
 Unit No: o I
subjecr pesiSr-t R ^ '''lvClir. ffiodJ 3oYithrn's Lecture No:
Faculty: A na nd k utrldY 3 Link to Session
'opic: p4
askv's r h e oy € rtt . Planner (SP):s.No.... orsr
Book Reference:
6ertrvo-(. FoYtn Date Conducted:
PageNo: lJ
r Ln) . ar (rO) + F Cn)
Dheye 67..t, b>t * r(n) is ^l'DT Posi)-iv<'
rhen 3 cu)es tvt"sl'
ca:scll :
lod ^
lcn) < v1'-Jo* tYten rcn) - o(n'"gf )

Cos" e: FCn) = n'oTf lhen ri-n) - O (n'"9* togn)

Cct\/)e g 1 FCn) , n'ogbo tl.'teO f (n) ' e (PCn))

---4

ExanPle5 t '

l.TCn)' 4r(/z)+n
HeYe o.'c+,b-'2 fCn)=A
;.nl o9f
= rltogrLr , ,)L

T(o) = o(nz)

r (n) , 2T (/z) * n

H€y€ a';2, b=7 .F(n)=n

. togf tog,Z
n2=n=l)
t(n1 = n'o97 caSe q
71-n): O( n iogn)
.L
3- 'T Cn) " 2T (/z) -tr\
L
P(n)-h
HeY< r: 2?.' b'2
n'o9f, . n' '9? = n

rrn) : o (n')
+ T(n) = +r(/r)+ n-
7
HeYe q=+ b--z f Cn) = y).
,- Jb ,
n f-, = fl

f Cn) > 1"3* cot)e ,!

'r k>) '' V( n5)

b T(n) = sT (n7r)*n' z
HeYe ^=3, b"4 F(v:,)=n

log,6 toq,F 0,5

n "b = D 't4 : A

fCn)rn'"9f 6aw>e tll-

:' 1 C.,) = $(nL )

1; TCn) = sT (rn/e) *n
lleyz cx..-? ,b-- 3. +(n)'0

n'o9r^ = n'"9? = Y\

F(n) = ,-r' '9f co'r>tz T

1(n) = oC", 1o5n)

subject: Desi3v-r q ^ -'lrClirr ffiottJ sotf*htrrs' ll i#,LiJ"X'
na
Faculty: A nd y u7v'tdY
";" 3 4 ll fint to Session
iitrr[:,^:; t ;pex,J^-ot,z t,*"* (Sp):sNo
]lll Book Reference:
orsn
+
dis)olnl Ar,l
A dis)ot'".l Ar'l ; a
o' kind
kiv"d q
6b dJ^-
do'ta- ll ;;;"^d;ffi;;
r- + t , ^1. ll P"":="'1i:'"u'
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A 2, U,{*
,tl/\rt&1/-
r-l^/1/<-1/\,\ vrU"r'l
wvt ,o-r,^,torrna
"'"'to"na Pi^t''-*t,:&
parL'fi'"u'oa'
' :*' ll||m
l-
eageNo: t4

- L nnl" alra/rt' 7
povrir-h,a"t/ nnlt N^2-
L l-' /rqo
6^'u-' rya)4/^''@
Tl^/^J- pad/-h,qw-d-
T\.\/^J- ^7. ry
-?J)Ut-ovw

hon- ovutLrypw1 ,tuh

n*t 'T Le ?fu
?ytrb fh!/'* arlL n=)o t)"'n'"..fr'
oat-o 52 & Sz "\ t'Lt 'ryo
i,rrJr, Uu*t- A;')oint S
' '
MV fl"4/a4- tul*
olun'J tA c*)mqYl
sz= l to'' t z'tu! t3- 1z'7' 6\ ylouu
tel st'1 5.+, 1.11 ,
eq<)->zobcd'T)bet?-e?4-L4*f,ed'a'Dafr''"**hoambc'loA

AR.p
6bb A {\
+ f 4ce n-oFYu*"t^-t*' 4 n eL /
o fha'l- Catn b e ?U"rtoY
rr)eot'
TheStz ,,r1,L ,Ar,C 7u.o-t*'^
dt1 "ll-)oinl ogL'
+ - drsloimt
-t...i^i,-,1- ae-b'
^^r-
,nion:tb si&sJo'r1Ltu'Oo
r DisJut.ser
fhen*heztn't^'^/\/or)5;05i=a)telwtl*,'f^7avt)'il*'-i
oY cj
2L t ;^ si
g) st u 5z = 1 l,a,S, 1, 2,5' ',o 1
- qiv? 1)"'!' J"-',"^"J i' h'nd rJ""a'
A!+
I @)
i
crgvla,r' nr'^0
*el 53 41i5in selSt'
ry+;rvl
 Uion + Era"t a) g gr il'l,rns
IO obt"; u,v- vvv,lon ut h'co nu-L s;t 4 s'- ,Ne"' Aim

rDdKe Uv\-o- % ilr*' b,Lr^ or tbt Sbl'Al- E tdr-, Othe,Z i1^rr\^

s'i U S, caa), d Urtbw\ I.-:avt^4- g\/\2- t fir-, . ey\rrtrr^*,J;

s,u sz s, U S,
z <-Lt
t-
l^'-*' l4o,t t"
o o b tarvt- ))*e l)'/YV ov) 4 Tt'C o I
"Jl
T

il'-b 7 "t^"""N @ %'o..o^pl"^LrrL

q\e % fl'\e'
Aov^-e- t(6 ,,
be dov\-a'
be Ark
rw /c'v'l
noof* ,$ )),\- oth'ot xo ol '
'f1'\)a ; f,e
(

4-v) o \'t to )X"-

t^-JJ*
q' , wvJJr,t,
qJ e/orh
eP&h 'a'o'f "y
'*u:'^ ' yu ,""7 , q
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xaf/\''!/e!/\^)^/{\'o' W)-
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) -lot,:' ., ) ^l^,L,,,ott ,eA-Lh
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% .Ll^, fuj^- "^:*ffi.
'^
t/\/a- fW
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'^*'yUb-L & u/ar-- il/'r'
% ^J6
?on\!/"* LvJk; t" U*' ^tul
po t' nlot )- ))^- n"'f
La/fi\t/\ '

*f J"ei W s' ' 5' 4 s z w aho@)1

71,* A^x^ "-pnu*
belo')
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^6{fiL

2 Dq\or, >>eftvea"^r'YJ,@; -[d s, , S> & 53

 subject: pesi3v-r 4 soYithrns' y;*l-:,'
^-'lrdlirrffiot6J
Faculty: A na nd k urv'tdY I
ll
ll finf to Session
Topic: ll fhnner (SP):s.No.... orsr

*" ^ri ulern tr,rd^ N<-e- ntu*,ba'''a !- ll }#}t"t".ffi

I---
t)M,)'}-u-:",7 ffi
l*W a/nn,wY- ""f,rrr-t
*.-f Pft:nJ,N^ulL n i. il''t'
ll

l^0
| - ^*i^,-^ ryn)*<
t't %- d-r*te-,t.
"e1-uvno't
lno|.'- ,o^*or*,a f flilA M^af ry
ln;r^
^*
l"r, r%!.p. % 7h2, carr
^tfuV hL'- rtoat-z-

I a L ai -1.
ho'tv'e- ^ f a'r<nn't '6 t
'
lnoot nod .
|--+-.--".*ts..'',,..,,l.,--"1_"*1
i I i if n (z)irztifd ;Ls) t6'] iLr) Ls) tt) {roli
-* i-----:- ---f i 1 | l-
i'l:li:_l-l iq st.1' I I l'
{

Ll_i_'
+E5-* i= I

:>A*w[ ,*fM 52 + 5Z

I c atv) $e -'"Yl e'm z^t'l t-U*Yil i)"!'

f-,na( r

^l i urLi u\^e- /u-{cA & nct "l* "v*hL" pottttur

^fu*f;"0
Vil/v'L -l '

t 6 4 Lh!'n movu b 6'c pc^t<tntl a'

€L F.nd(6) ,*N"L
yh nooG i +'l '
l)nion(i,j) ' uoe Pa'* vn trn, tne-'Q4 rDr
b-'cz' be*vwrt-*
Ao\opfu thr. convan-E-ai bl".o.t' LhL t4'"\+ P[f J - J
o\ st*lari,-tl- % il'\t' *<-r-ow/- , A2 4't^]€44*d
t/4" /t't't'otn
@
nl gor ithrn s; rnY)t
O n i an (i' i)
1 Pcii:i;
l
al,SaYi thrn St'rny). n n4 (f )
5
AwJb(Pf;f ,.o) "lo f=Fti7;
-+ :,
)<d/r^).-", i ;
 nllovr'lhrn t0"t3^t-A Ont"Y-)( f ,i)

Pt;l l*-F ;
=

(oltapst'nAhnol(i )
r=ii
tDt'-rt le' (rCr) >o) )a Y = PCvl )
Ohi le (ifz) do
1
-- pf;); f [;) 2Y ,//: t = 5'
T

xeL,-*l x )
?
 ori thrns' Unit No: o I
n & ^" l'Clir. ffiot6J 3 Lecture No:
: De s i 3
aculty: A na nd k uft1av 3 Link to Session
opic: Planner (SP):s.No.... orsr
Book Reference:
E.p ovtrnoV Date Conducted:

TNo o.h s,=f t,, 2,v.6] 4 5, = 1 +.,9\ d*-4*e) Page No: 1fi
g iven
a)pzato dis joi nl -a"T* sr t sz *ry thatA
l)\'o-l' sB=1u 5z
,)D:cpr,o d''tiot'nf 4e& 5z vat'n 0 b-u4 4^lA')
q D4oo &'-sio i nt ae-L sq ,*in7 lta!-4 +uA u--^i Sq= 32U S1

ol) c,;v= Poi nf€)< *.*7r=r--r-rd ^l^;"'r. b E t,

92, sz 1 9U

a.) @

A)