ABAP DICTIONARY

Or

DATA DICTIONARY

(DDIC)

ABAP dictionary deals with the creation of Tables, Search help, Views, Lock Objects, Structure

etc.

TABLES:

A table is a collection of fields, where the fields are made up of rows and columns. It can be

defined independent of the database in the ABAP DICTIONARY. (Logical Definition).

Transaction Code is SE11. When a table is activated in the ABAP DICTIONARY i.e. in the

application server, the system will immediately create a copy in the database. (Physical

Definition).

TYPES OF DATABASE TABLES:

TYPE PURPOSE A.S. D.S.

Transparent Table To store Application Data 1 1

Pooled Table To store screen sequences Many 1 Table Pool

Cluster Table To store text & documentation Many 1 Table Cluster

TRANSPARENT TABLES:

These are used to store application data. Types of data that can be stored in a

Transparent Table:

TYPE DESCRIPTION

MASTER DATA Basic information that does not change frequently. e.g.) Vendor
Master, Materials Master, Customer Master etc.

TRANSACTION DATA Data that keeps on changing with respect to the business events.
e.g.) Purchase Order, Sales Order etc.

ORGANIZATION & Organization data that rarely changes. e.g.) Currency, Unit, Region,
CUSTOMIZING DATA Company Code, Plant etc.

All these types are in the Database level only.

TABLE CREATION:

OBJECTS DESCRIPTION

a) NAME 1ST letter should be Y or Z. Maximum 16, Minimum 3.

b) SHORT DESCRIPTION Maximum of 60 letters.

c) DELIVERY CLASS This controls the transport of table data in installations, upgrades,
or client copies and in transports between customer systems.
Press F4 and select A Application Table ( Master & Transaction
Data )

d) TABLE VIEW MAINTAINANCE This specifies whether it is possible to display/maintain a table or

view using the maintenance tools Data Browser
(transaction SE16) and table view maintenance (transactions
SM30 and SM31). Following options are available:
N – Display / Maintenance not Allowed. Display only.
X – Display / Maintenance Allowed. Create, Display, Change
and Delete are possible.
- Display / Maintenance Allowed with Restrictions.
 OBJECTS DESCRIPTION

e) FIELDS Maximum of 255 fields can be created in a table.

No Y or Z. It cannot contain reserved keywords. No
space or special characters are allowed.
Maximum of 30 and a minimum of 3.

i) Client Dependent / A table is said to be Client Dependent if the name of the

Independent. first field is MANDT, data type is CLNT & length is 3.

The first field of a table should always be a primary key

iii) Primary Key field. The primary key is a unique key that is used to
Avoid duplicate entries. It is also used as a primary
index. i.e. to search a row faster. Maximum number of
primary key is 1. We can have composite primary keys
also. These always depend on the Primary key only.
The data type of the primary key & the composite primary
key should only be characteristic data type. Domain is
mandatory.

iv) DOMAIN:

A domain gives us the technical information about a field. It is also called as the technical

domain. Name – 1st letter Y or Z. Maximum of 30 and a minimum of 3. A domain consists of:

1) Short Description: Maximum of 60 letters.

2) Data Types: This specifies the data type of a field. Following are the available data types:
ABAP DICTIONARY DATA TYPES:

Type Permitted Places m Meaning Data Type

CHAR 1-255 Character string c

CLNT 3 Client c(3)

CUKY 5 Currency Key referenced by CURR c(5)

CURR 1-31 Currency Field stored as DEC p

DATS 8 Date d

DEC 1-31 Calculation/amount field p

FLTP 16 Floating point number f

INT4 10 4 byte integer i

LANG 1 Language c(1)

NUMC 1-255 Numeric Character n

QUAN 1-31 Quantity Field for Unit p

STRING 256-... Character string string

TIMS 6 Time t

UNIT 2-3 Unit Key referenced by QUAN c(3)

3) No. Characters: This specifies the length of a field. For CHAR, CUKY, CURR, DEC,
NUMC, QUAN, UNIT fields length should be specified. For
other fields

length is fixed.

4) Decimals Places: This specifies the number of decimals places of a field.

For CURR, DEC, QUAN fields decimals should be specified.

5) Output Length: This specifies the maximum field length that includes length of a field

and decimal places. This is computed automatically.

6) Conversion Routine: This specifies the name of the function module for specific conversion.

7) Sign: This is used to suppress the negative sign of a field in the output. This

can be used only for data types DEC, FLTP, QUAN and CURR .

8) Lower Case This is used to retain lower case letters as lower case in the output.

9) Fixed values: This is used to further restrict the value range of a domain. These are

used in the input check in screens. We can only define fixed values for

domains of data types CHAR, NUMC, DEC, INT1, INT2 and INT4.

v) DATA ELEMENT:

A data element gives us the field labels and the documentation for the field. It is also called as a

Semantic domain. Name – 1st letter Y or Z. Maximum of 30 and a minimum of 3. The name of

the domain and the data element can be the same or different. A data element consists of:

1) Data Type: It describes the type attributes (data type, field length and possibly the

number of decimal places) of a field. For this, we can either enter the

domain name and press enter or select Predefined Type, select data

type, enter length, decimals etc.

2) Field Label This is used as the label for the field in report or dialog program. It

consists of:

Short - Maximum of 10 characters.

Medium - Maximum of 20 characters.

Long - Maximum of 40 characters.

Heading - Maximum of 55 characters.

3) Documentation: This specifies the online documentation about a field. TCode is SE61.
f) TECHNICAL SETTINGS: SE13

This specifies the behavior of the table in the database. It consists of:

1) Data Class: This specifies the physical area of the database where the table should be

created. Following options are available:

DATA CLASS DESCRIPTION

APPL0 Master Data, Transparent Tables.

APPL1 Transaction Data, Transparent Tables.

APPL2 Organization and Customizing.

2) Size Category: This specifies the physical amount of data that can be stored in a table. It

ranges from 0 to 4.

g) ENHANCEMENT CATEGORY:

Structures and tables that were defined by SAP in the ABAP Dictionary can be enhanced

subsequently by customers using Customizing includes or append structures. To do this, click

Extras > Enhancement Category -> Select Can be enhanced (Character type or Numeric).

There are two methods by which a table can be created.

i) Top Down Approach.

II) Bottom Up Approach.

i) Top Down Approach.

Create Table -> Field1 -> Create Data Element -> Create Domain.

Activate Domain. Activate Data Element.

Repeat the above steps for all the fields.

ii) Bottom Up Approach

Create Domain. Activate. ( For all fields ).

Create Data Element. -> Enter Domain Name. Press Enter.

Activate. ( For all Fields).

Create Table -> Field1 -> Enter the Data Element Name. Press Enter.

Repeat the above steps for all the fields.

STEPS TO CREATE A TABLE:

 BOTTOM UP APPROACH:

1. Logon to SAP. Enter the TCode SE11 as shown below:

2. Press enter. Following screen will appear:
3. Select Domain. Enter the name of domain. E.g.) ZMEID. Click the button Create.
Following screen will appear:

4. Enter short description.

5. In the tab definition, place the cursor in the data type. Press F4 and select the relevant
data type.
6. For data types of variable lengths, enter the length in No. Characters. This is not required
for data types of fixed lengths.
7. For data types that have decimals, specify the number of decimals in Decimal Places.
8. The system will automatically display the desired output length.
9. Conversion Routine – Enter the name of the Function Module that is required for any
conversion. Can be used if necessary. (Optional).
10. Sign – We can use this to avoid displaying negative sign in the output.(Optional).
11. Lower case – We can use this to retain lower case letters as lower case in the output.
(Optional).
12. Select the tab Value Range. Enter the fixed value(s). These will be populated when a
user presses F4 in the field in the screen.(Optional).
 13. Activate. Repeat the same procedure for all the fields.
To create a Data element:
14. In the following screen, select Data type.
15. Enter the Data element name & click Create. Following screen will appear:
16. Select Data element. Press enter. Following screen will appear:

17. Select the tab Data Type. Now, select Elementary Type.
18. Select Domain. Enter the name of the domain. Press F4. The system will automatically
display the data Type, Length & Decimal Places if the domain is active.
19. Now, select the tab, Field Label. Following screen will appear:

20. Enter Short, Medium Long Descriptions. Enter Heading.

21. Click the button Documentation to prepare documentation about this field.
22. Click the button Activate.
To create a Table:

1. Select Database Table. Enter Table Name. Click Create. This is shown in the screen
below:
2. Now, the following screen will appear:

3. In the Delivery Class, Press F4 & select A.

4. In the Table View Maintenance, Select X Display / Maintenance Allowed.
5. Click the Tab, Fields, the following screen will appear:

6. In the field, enter the name of the field, Select Key if the field is a primary key field.
7. Enter the data element. Press enter. The system will automatically display Data type,
Length, Decimal and short description.
8. Repeat the same steps for all the fields.
9. Click Save.
10. Now, click the button Technical Settings, (TCode SE13) as shown below:
11. Following screen will be displayed:

12. Place the cursor in data Class. Press F4 & select Appl0 – Master data & Appl1 –
Transaction Data.
13. Place the cursor in Size category. Press F4 & select the range between 0 and4.
14. Click the button Save. The screen will appear as shown below:

15. Click the Back button.

16. To select Enhancement Category. Select Enhancement Category as shown below:

17. Press Enter. Following screen will appear:

18. Select Can be enhanced ( character-type or numeric) as shown below:

19. Click Copy.

20. Click Activate. The following screen will appear:
21. To create a new entry we can open the screen as shown below:
22. Click Create Entries. Following screen will appear:

23. Enter data in fields of the screen & click Save.

24. We can also open screen to make new entries as shown below:
25. To display the contents of the table, we can open the screen as shown below:

26. Click Display. Following screen will appear:

27. Click Execute.

28. The system will display the output of the table in the screen as shown below:

29. We can also open the screen to display the contents of the table as shown below:
30. Click Display. Following screen will appear:

31. Click Execute.

 32. The system will display the output of the table in the screen as shown below:

FOREIGN KEY:

A foreign key creates a link between two tables T1 and T2. Every primary key field from T1

(check table) is assigned a field from table T2 (foreign key field). The fields from T2 assigned to

primary key fields are marked as foreign key fields. The foreign key fields can only accept values

which appear in the primary key of the check table.

CHECK TABLE:

Table whose key fields are used to check the foreign key fields. Only entries that are contained in

the key fields of the check table can be contained in the foreign key fields. The check table is used

to check whether the input values are valid and for the input help (F4 help).

VALUE TABLE:

Table where values are entered for which a check is made in the check table.

RULES TO CREATE A FOREIGN KEY:

1. The field must be a Primary Key field in the check table only.

2. The domains must be the same for both fields.

STEPS TO CREATE A FOREIGN KEY:

1. Enter the TCode SE11. Enter the Table name. Click Change as shown in the following screen:
2. The following screen will appear:

3. Select a field shown above and click the button foreign key. Following screen will appear:
4. Place the cursor on the field Check table. Press F4. Select the Check table from the list.

Press Enter.

5. Click Generate Proposal.

6. Now, the system will display the list of fields that are used to create foreign keys.

7. Click Copy.

8. The following screen will appear:

9. Click Activate.
 SPECIAL FIELDS IN ABAP

Amount Data Length Decimals Table Field Data Element

Type
Currency CURR 15(Max) 2
( Amount)
Currency CUKY 5 -- TCURC WAERS WAERS_CURC
Key
Quantity Data Length Decimals Table Field Data Element
Type
Quantity QUAN 13(Max) 3
Unit UNIT 3 -- T006 MSEHI MSEHI

PROCEDURE:

1. Create Domain for CURR / QUAN fields.

2. Create Data element for CURR / QUAN fields.

3. Use the standard data element for CUKY / UNIT fields.

4. Create Field for CURR / QUAN fields.

5. Create Field for CUKY / UNIT fields.

6. Create Foreign Key for CUKY / UNIT fields.

7. Establish the relationship between CURR / CUKY fields & QUAN / UNIT fields.

8. We can also establish the relationship between CURR of one Table to CUKY of another

table and QUAN of one Table to UNIT of another table.

SEARCH HELP:

A search help is an object of the ABAP Dictionary with which input helps (F4 helps) can be

defined.

There are the following types of search helps:

• Elementary search helps implement a search path for determining the possible entries.

• Collective search helps contain several elementary search helps. A collective search

help therefore provides several alternative search paths for possible entries.
The name of the search help: 1st letter should begin with ‘Y’ or ‘Z’. Maximum of 30

letters and a minimum of 3.

1. Elementary Search Help:

These are the basic search help that are used to display values when the user presses F4.

Selection Method: The selection method describes the database object from which the
data is read. A database table or view can be defined as selection method.

Dialog Type: The dialog type defines the dialog steps executed for an input help.

There are the following dialog types:

• Dialog depends on value set - A: If the hit list contains less than 100 entries, it is
displayed immediately. If the hit list contains more than 100 entries, the dialog box for
restricting values is displayed.

• Dialog with value restriction - C: The dialog box for restricting values is displayed
immediately. Select this option if the list of possible entries is normally very large.
Restricting the set of data to be processed increases the clarity of the hit list and reduces
the system load during value selection.
• Immediate value display - D: The hit list is displayed immediately after the input help has
been called. This option is advisable if the hit list usually contains only a few entries.

Parameter: A search help parameter is a field for controlling the behavior of a search help.
There are the following roles for search help parameters, where a parameter can have more
than one role:
1. Import parameters: These are parameters with which context information can
be copied to the input help process from the input template or from the module pool
of the processed screen.

2. Export parameters: These are parameters with which values can be returned to
the input template from the input help process.

3. LPos: Position of the parameter in the hit list. If this field is left empty, the
parameter will not appear in the hit list.
 4. SPos: Position of the field in the screen for restriction. This can be used in the
dialog box for limiting the list.

5. SDis: If this flag is set, the search help parameter appears in the selection popup

window for restricting values as a pure display field.

6. Data element: The type of a search help parameter must be defined by assigning a

data element. This data element defines the output attributes and help functions of

the parameter on the popup window for restricting values and in the hit list.

7. Modified: This flag shows if the data element of the parameter is linked to the data

element of the field of the selection method having the same name. Normally the

parameter gets the data element from the field of the selection method having the

same name. If the data element of this field changes, the search help is automatically

adjusted, i.e. the data element is also changed there.

8. Default Value: A default value of the right type can be assigned to a parameter of a
search help.

Activate & Test.

COLLECTIVE SEARCH HELP:

These are collection of elementary search helps.

Parameter: A search help parameter is a field for controlling the behavior of a search help.
There are the following roles for search help parameters, where a parameter can have
more than one role:
1. Import parameters: These are parameters with which context information can
be copied to the input help process from the input template or from the module pool
of the processed screen.

2. Export parameters: These are parameters with which values can be returned to
the input template from the input help process.
 3. Data element: The type of a search help parameter must be defined by assigning a

data element. This data element defines the output attributes and help functions of

the parameter on the popup window for restricting values and in the hit list.

4. Default Value: A default value of the right type can be assigned to a parameter of
a search help.

5. Implemented Search helps: Enter the name of the elementary search helps
for which collective search help is required.

6. Parameter Assignment: Here we are the fields of the elementary search helps
to the fields of the collective search help. For this, we can select the elementary
search help, click the button Parameter Assignment. The system will give us the
following prompt:

The Parameter assignment for search help & is not defined. Do you
want the system to propose a parameter assignment?

Click the button Yes. In the next screen, click the button Copy. Repeat this step
for other search helps also.

Activate & Test.

IMPLEMENTING THE SEARCH HELP:

The search help can be implemented:

i) Field of a Table.

ii) Data element.

iii) Domain.
i) Field of a Table:

Open the table.

Select the field for which search help is to be implemented.

Click the button Search Help.

Enter the search help name. Press Enter.

ii) Data element:

Select the field.

Double click the Data element.
Select the tab, Further Characteristics, in the name, enter the search help name,
In the Parameters, enter the field name. Click Activate.

iii) Domain:

Enter Fixed values.

DATABASE UTILITY (SE14):

Whenever there is a change of the following in the application server level or field level:

a) Length of a field (when the length is reduced). or

b) Data type of a field is changed. or

c) Primary Key of a field is changed.

The system cannot update this automatically in the database level. To do this, we can use

the tool called Database Utility. TCode SE14. Here, the system will delete the table with the

old structure and will recreate the table with the new structure.

PROCEDURE

1) Enter table name.

2) Click Edit.
3) Processing Type:

a) Direct:

This executes the database changes immediately. We can use this for smaller

Database changes.

b) Background:

This schedules a Background explicitly schedules a background job which

executes the required database changes. The start time for the job can also be

specified. For larger database changes SAP strongly recommends that the

database modifications are executed in the background.

c) Enter for Mass Processing:

The processing type Enter for mass processing enters the object in the

table TBATG. The object is thus marked for database modification. We

can choose this option if we want to modify a large number of objects.

4) Select Save Data. Click the button Activate and Adjust Database.

AGGREGATE OBJECTS:

These deal with working with one or more tables.

1. Search Help.

2. View.

3. Lock Objects.
 2. VIEW:

A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view is not actually physically stored,
instead being derived from one or more tables.

TYPES OF VIEWS:

1ST letter should be Y or Z. Maximum 16, Minimum 3.

a) Projection View ---- 1 Table Only.

b) Database View ---- 1 or more Tables.

c) Maintenance View ---- 1 or more Tables. (Using Table Maintenance

Generator)(TMG) - TCode SE54.

---------------------------------

d) Help View ---- Standard Help Request.

a) PROJECTION VIEW:

A projection view is a view for a single table. An SQL view is not created in
the database. No selection conditions can be specified.

1) Enter View name. Click the button Create. Select Projection View. Click Copy.

2) Enter short Description.

3) Enter the Basis Table. i.e. the name of the table for which the view is created.

4) Click the button Table Fields. Select the necessary fields.

5) Select the tab Maintenance Status. Select read only or read and change.

6) Click activate.
b) DATABASE VIEW: ( 1 Table Only ).

A database view is a view for one or more tables. Selection conditions can
be specified.

1) Enter View name. Click the button Create. Select Database View. Click Copy.

2) Enter short Description.

3) In the tab Table/Join Conditions, enter the name of the table for which the view is
created. Select the Table.

4) Click the button Table Fields. Select the table. Select the necessary fields.

5) Click the tab Selection Conditions. Specify the conditions.

6) Select the tab Maintenance Status. Select read only or read and change.

7) Click activate.

DATABASE VIEW: ( 1 or More Tables ).

A database view is a view for one or more tables. Selection conditions can
be specified.

1) Enter View name. Click the button Create. Select Database View. Click Copy.

2) Enter short Description.

3) In the tab Table/Join Conditions, enter the name of the table for which the view is
created. Select the Table.

4) Click the button Relationships. Select the table that is related to this table. Click
Copy.

5) Click the tab View Fields. Click the button Table Fields. Select the table. Select
the necessary fields.
 6) Click the tab Selection Conditions. Specify the conditions.

7) Select the tab Maintenance Status. Select read only.

8) Click activate.

TABLE MAINTENANCE GENERATOR (TMG)

Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) is a tool which is used to create table maintenance program
to add, modify or delete records in the database tables. It is generated to maintain customizing
data with these maintenance dialogs. Transaction code is SE54. We can check the table
maintenance dialog in SM30 or SE16. In SM30, We have display and maintain options. Display
option is used to view the table contents in read only mode and maintain option is used to maintain
the entries in the table.

Following are the steps involved for TMG:

1. Creation of screen(s).
2. Screen Modifications.
3. Events.
4. Testing.
5. Creating Transaction Code.

Creation:
1. Enter TCode SE54 as shown in the screen below and press Enter:
2. Following screen will appear. Here enter the table name. Select Generated Objects. Click
Create.
 3. The system will display a dialog box as shown below: Click the button Yes.

The system will take us to the screen as shown below:

4. Enter Authorization Group. Press F4 & select &NC&.

 5. Enter the name of the function group. The name of the function group can be the same as
the name of the table. E.g.) ZCUBL.
6. In the maintenance step, select one step if only overview screen is to be created or select
two step if both the overview screen & single screen are to be created.
7. Enter screen number for Overview screen & single screen as shown above.
8. Recording routine, by default the system will always select no, or user, recording routine
only.
9. Click the button Create.
10. Now, the system will successfully create both the overview screen and single screen.

Screen Modifications:
Using this, we can either add fields or remove fields or change the properties of fields either in
the overview screen or single screen.
Overview Screen:
1. Enter the TCode SE54. Enter the table name. Select generated objects. Click Change
button as shown below:
2. Following screen will appear:

3. Click Overview Screen. The system will display a dialog box as shown below:
4. Click Ok. Following screen will appear:
5. Click the button Layout (Ctrl+F7). Following screen will appear:

6. To add more fields in the screen, click Go to -> Secondary Window -> Dictionary /
Program fields or Press F6. Following screen will appear:
7. In the above screen, enter the table name. Click the button Get from Dictionary. Select
the fields, Click Ok to continue. Following screen will appear:
8. Click to place the fields as shown in the above picture. Following screen will appear:

9. Now, we can see the fields that are added. Click the buttons Activate & Test.
Single Screen:

1. In the TMG screen, click the Single Screen. This is shown below:

2. The system will display a dialog box as shown below:

3. Click Ok. Following screen will appear:
4. Click the button Layout (Ctrl+F7). Following screen will appear:

5. To make changes in the property of a field, click Go to -> Secondary Window ->
Attributes or Press F2.Now, the system will open the property window. We can set the
property as shown above, i.e. open the tab Program and select Output only.

6. Click the buttons Activate & Test.

Events:

Table maintenance generator is used for handling events. Once table maintenance is
implemented for a table, events can be handled. There is a list of predefined list of events
in SAP. These events can be implemented using the table maintenance.

Events are used to add custom checks for table maintenance screen generated using the
table maintenance generator. Many validations, checks and functionalities can be
performed while maintaining the table entries.

These events are triggered when a table/view is maintained through transaction SE16 or
SM30. The action to be performed by these events can be defined by writing the FORM
routine in the ‘Includes’ generated by function group.

Events can be implemented as follows:

1. Open the Table Maintenance generator screen.

2. Select Environment -> Modifications->Events as shown in the screen below:

3. Now, the system will display the following screen:

4. Click the button New Entries.

5. Place the cursor in T. The system will display a list of events as shown above.

6. From the list, select the event 05 - Creating a new entry. This event will be fired
whenever a user makes a new entry.

7. In the Form routine, enter the name of a subroutine. e.g.) CALC. Press enter.

8. The system will display an editor icon. Click the same. Following screen will
appear:
9. The system will automatically select the include program LZCUNLF01. Press
enter. The system will display the following message:
An include statement will be included in the main program SAPLZCUBL.
10. Press Enter to continue. The system will open the include program as shown
below:
11. Enter the code between Form & EndForm statement. Activate the program.
Click the back button. We will come back to the event screen as shown below:
12. Click the button Save to save the event. Click the back button. It will take us to
the Table Maintenance Generator screen as shown below:

13. Click the button Save. The system will show a message as shown above. This
means that the man program SAPLZCUBL is inactive.
14. Go to SE38. Enter the name of the main program. Click Activate. The screen will
be displayed as shown below:

15. Now, the main program is active.

Testing:

1. To test the screens, go to SE54. Click the button Test. The screen is as shown
below:

2. Now, the system will open the following screen:

3. Click the button Display to open the overview screen in display mode or click the
button Maintain to open the overview screen in change mode. Following screen
will appear when the user clicks the button Maintain.
4. To create a new entry, click the button New Entries. The system will the single
screen as shown below:

5. To display an existing entry, select an entry in the overview screen, click the button

details . This will open the single screen with the entry .
Creating Transaction Code:

We can create a transaction code that can enable a user to open the screen maintained
in table maintenance generator. Transaction Code to create a transaction code is SE93.

1. In the opening screen, enter the TCode SE93 as shown below:

2. Press enter. Following screen will appear:

3. Enter a TCode. 1st letter should begin with Y or Z. maximum of 20 and a minimum
of 3. E.g.ZCUB01.
4. Click the button Create. Following screen will appear:
5. Enter short text. Select Parameter Transaction. Press Enter. Following screen will
appear:

6. In the field Transaction enter,SM30 and press enter. Select Skip initial screen.

7. In GUI support, select SAPGUI for Windows.

8. In the following screen, place the cursor in the 1 st row of the name of screen field
Press F4 and select VIEWNAME and enter the table name value of the 1 st row.
E.g. ZCUBL.
 9. In the 2nd row of the name of screen field Press F4 and select UPDATE for change
mode or SHOW for display mode. This is shown in the screen below:

10. Click the button Save. Now, the TCode is ready to use.

LOCK OBJECTS:

A lock object is a virtual link of several SAP tables which is used to synchronize
simultaneous access by 2 or more users to the same set of data. Naming convention - 1st
letter should begin with E; second letter should be Y or Z. Max. 16 & min 3. By creating a
single lock, we can lock both Check Table & the Value Table.

LOCK MODE:

Lock Mode defines how synchronization must be done. Following are the modes.

1. E - Write Lock (Exclusive, Cumulative Lock).

2. S - Read Lock (Shared Lock).

3. X - Exclusive, Not Cumulative Lock.

1. Write Lock:

Locked data can be read or processed by one user only for a given transaction.
A request for another Exclusive Lock or for a Share Lock is rejected.

2. Read Lock:

Several users can read the same set of data at the same time but when a user starts
editing a record, the other user can no longer have access to edit this record. Requests
for further shared locks are accepted, even if they are issued by different users, but
exclusive locks are rejected.
3. Exclusive, Not Cumulative Lock:

An exclusive but not cumulative lock can only be requested once by a given
transaction. All other lock requests are rejected.

LOCK PARAMETERS:

The field(s) by which system locks the data. Normally the Primary Key Field(s).

The system will create two function modules:

1. Enqueue_<lock name> - To Lock dynamically. e.g.) Enqueue_EZLAP

2. Dequeue_<lock name> - To unlock dynamically. e.g.) Enqueue_EZLAP

STRUCTURE:

Like a table, a structure has rows and columns. But data cannot be stored since it is
not created in the data base. By creating a structure, we can attach the fields of the
structure as the fields of tables or to customize screens or to implement foreign key,
search help & curr/cuky or quan/unit fields. Name – 1st letter should be Y or Z.
Maximum of 30 and a minimum of 3 characters. Maximum number of structures that
can be included in a table is restricted to 8. The structure can be created in the same
way as the table.