PRACTICO#6 ESCALERA

PRÁCTICO # 6
Nombre : Mauricio Alvarado Rodriguez Curso: 7mo Semestre

Docente: Juan Carlos Mojica
1) DISENO DE LA ESCALERA AUTOPORTANTE QUE SE INDICA EN LA FIGURA:
QDatos
kg kg
f'c ≔ 210 ―― Acab ≔ 120 ―― L1 ≔ 2.70 m P ≔ 0.33 m
cm 2 m2
L2 ≔ 1.20 m CP ≔ 0.175 m
kg kg
fy ≔ 4200 ―― Sc ≔ 500 ――
cm 2 m2 H1 ≔ 1.40 m b ≔ 1.20 m
kg
γ ≔ 2400 ―― r ≔ 2.5 cm H2 ≔ 1.40 m Oe ≔ 0.10 m
m3
Ln ≔ L1 + L2 = 3.9 m ton ≔ 1000 kg
Calculo de espesor de losa:
Ln 0.195 m + 0.156 m
t1 ≔ ― = 0.195 m t ≔ ―――――― = 0.176 m
20 2
Ln
t2 ≔ ― = 0.156 m
25
PRÁCTICO # 6
Calculo de ángulo de inclinación

⎛ H1 ⎞
∝1 ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ ∝1 ≔ 27.408 deg
⎝ L1 ⎠
⎛ H1 ⎞
∝2 ≔ atan ⎜―― ⎟ ∝2 ≔ 27.408 deg
⎝ L1 ⎠
Calculo de numero de peldaños

⎛ L1 ⎞
np ≔ ⎜―⎟ + 1 = 9.182 np ≔ 9
⎝P⎠
Verificación real del contrapaso
H1 + H2
CP ≔ ――― = 0.156 m
2 ⋅ np
DETERMINACION DE LAS CARGAS
Volumen de los peldaños (Rampa 1)
1
Vp1 ≔ ―⋅ np ⋅ P ⋅ CP ⋅ b
2
Vp1 ≔ 0.273 m 3
Volumen de la losa (Rampa 1)
L1
Vl ≔ b ⋅ t ⋅ ――――――
cos ((27.408 deg ))
Vl ≔ 0.641 m 3
VTotal ≔ Vp1 + Vl
VTotal ≔ 0.913 m 3
Área equivalente ( Rampa 1)

PRÁCTICO # 6
Área equivalente ( Rampa 1)
L1
Ae1 ≔ b ⋅ ―――――― = 3.65 m 2
cos ((27.408 deg ))
Espesor equivalente (Rampa 1)
VTotal
te1 ≔ ――= 0.25 m
Ae1
Carga Superficial del peso propio (Rampa 1)
kg
Q1 ≔ γ ⋅ te1 = 600.383 ――
m2
Carga lineal del peso propio (Rampa 1)
kg
q1 ≔ Q1 ⋅ b = 720.459 ―
m
Carga lineal del peso propio (Descanso)
⎛ Oe ⎞ kg
qd ≔ γ ⋅ t ⋅ ⎜b + ―⎟ = 526.5 ―
⎝ 2 ⎠ m
Carga lineal por acabados (Rampa 1)
kg
qacar ≔ Acab ⋅ b = 144 ―
m
Carga lineal por acabados (Descanso)
⎛ Oe ⎞ kg
qacad ≔ Acab ⋅ ⎜b + ―⎟ = 150 ―
⎝ 2 ⎠ m
Carga lineal por sobrecarga (Rampa 1)
kg
qscr ≔ Sc ⋅ b = 600 ―
m
Carga lineal por sobrecarga (Descanso)

PRÁCTICO # 6
Carga lineal por sobrecarga (Descanso)
⎛ Oe ⎞ kg
qscd ≔ Sc ⋅ ⎜b + ―⎟ = 625 ―
⎝ 2 ⎠ m
CALCULO DE LA CARGA ULTIMA DE DISENO (Wu)
Rampa 1 = Rampa 2
kg
Wd1 ≔ q1 + qacar = 864.459 ―
m
kg
Wl1 ≔ qscr Wl1 ≔ 600 ―
m
kg
Wu1 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Wd1 + 1.6 ⋅ Wl1 = 1997.351 ―
m
kg
Wu1 ≔ 1997.351 ―
m
Descanso
kg
Wd2 ≔ qd + qacad = 676.5 ―
m
kg
Wl2 ≔ qscr Wl2 ≔ 625 ―
m
kg
Wu2 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Wd2 + 1.6 ⋅ Wl2 = 1811.8 ―
m
kg
Wu2 ≔ 1811.8 ―
m
PRÁCTICO # 6
DISENO ESTRUCTURAL:
kg
Wu2 ⋅ 2 = 3623.6 ―
m
kg
q1 ≔ Wu1 q1 = 1997.351 ―
m
kg
q2 ≔ Wu2 q2 = 1811.8 ―
m
Calculo de Ra, Rb, Rc, Mmax, Mmin (Hipótesis 1)
q1 ⋅ L1 q2 ⋅ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞
RB1 ≔ ――+ ――⋅ ⎜L1 + ―⎟ = 4951.108 kg
2 L1 ⎝ 12 ⎠
RB1 ≔ 4951.108 kg
RA1 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB1 = 2615.9 kg
RA1 ≔ 2615.9 kg
RA1
xmax1 ≔ ―― = 1.31 m
q1
xmax1 ≔ 1.31 m
q1
Mmax1 ≔ RA1 ⋅ xmax1 - ―⋅ xmax1 2 = 1713.002 kg ⋅ m
2
Mmax1 ≔ 1713.002 kg ⋅ m
-q2
Mmin1 ≔ ―― ⋅ L2 2 = -1304.496 kg ⋅ m
2
Mmin1 ≔ -1304.496 kg ⋅ m
PRÁCTICO # 6
kg
q1 ≔ Wu1 = 1997.4 ―
m
kg
q2 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Wd2 = 811.8 ―
m
q1 ⋅ L1 q2 ⋅ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞
RB2 ≔ ――+ ――⋅ ⎜L1 + ―⎟ = 3706.664 kg
2 L1 ⎝ 12 ⎠
RB2 ≔ 3706.664 kg
RA2 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB2 = 2660.34 kg
RA2 ≔ 2660.34 kg
RA2
xmax2 ≔ ―― = 1.332 m
q1
xmax2 ≔ 1.332 m
q1
2
Mmax2 ≔ 1771.699 kg ⋅ m
-q2
Mmin2 ≔ ―― ⋅ L2 2 = -584.496 kg ⋅ m
2
Mmin1 ≔ -584.496 kg ⋅ m
kg kg
q1 ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Wd1 = 1037.4 ― q2 ≔ Wu2 = 1811.8 ―
m m
q1 ⋅ L1 q2 ⋅ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞
RB3 ≔ ――+ ――⋅ ⎜L1 + ―⎟ = 3655.109 kg
2 L1 ⎝ 12 ⎠
PRÁCTICO # 6
q1 ⋅ L1 q2 ⋅ L2 ⎛ L2 ⎞
RB3 ≔ ――+ ――⋅ ⎜L1 + ―⎟ = 3655.109 kg
2 L1 ⎝ 12 ⎠
RB3 ≔ 3655.109 kg
RA3 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB3 = 1319.9 kg
RA3 ≔ 1319.9 kg
RA3
xmax3 ≔ ―― = 1.272 m
q1
xmax3 ≔ 1.272 m
q1
2
Mmax3 ≔ 839.704 kg ⋅ m
-q2
Mmin3 ≔ ―― ⋅ L2 2 = -1304.496 kg ⋅ m
2
Mmin3 ≔ -1304.496 kg ⋅ m
ENVOLVENTES CRITICOS:
Momento Máximo:
El mas critico:
Mmax ≔ 1771.699 kg ⋅ m
Momento Mínimo:
El mas critico:
Mmin ≔ -1304.496 kg ⋅ m
PRÁCTICO # 6
Calculo de reacción en apoyo B:
RBmax
RB ≔ 4951.108 kg
RB kg
rb ≔ ―― = 4125.9 ―
b m
Cálculos de esfuerzos ( Superior)
m ≔ Oe = 0.1 m
rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg
σ1 ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ = -114911.4 ――
( )
t ⋅ sin (27.408 deg ) ⎝ b ⎠ m2
rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg
σ2 ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ = 217054.9 ――
t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠ m2
Cálculos de esfuerzos ( Inferior)
rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg
σ3 ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ = 217054.9 ――
( )
t ⋅ sin (27.408 deg ) ⎝ b ⎠ m2
rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg
σ4 ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ = -114911.4 ――
t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠ m2
Calculo de ε
σ1
ε ≔ ――― ⋅ b = 0.415 m
σ1 - σ2
⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞
ε ≔ b ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.415 m
⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠
PRÁCTICO # 6
Calculo de esfuerzo por unidad de longitud

kg
σ1 ⋅ t ⋅ cos ((27.408 deg )) = -17903.2 ―
m
kg
σ2 ⋅ t ⋅ cos ((27.408 deg )) = 33817.2 ―
m
kg
σ3 ⋅ t ⋅ cos ((27.408 deg )) = 33817.2 ―
m
kg
σ4 ⋅ t ⋅ cos ((27.408 deg )) = -17903.2 ―
m
Calculo de las fuerzas horizontales transmitidas de los tramos al descanso:
⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞
F1 ≔ ⎜―⋅ ⎜―――――― ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎝ tan ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠⎠ ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠⎠
F1 ≔ 3724 kg
⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

F2 ≔ ⎜―⋅ ⎜―――――― ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜1 - ――――― ⎟⎟ = 13266.8 kg
⎝ 2 ⎝ tan ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠⎠ ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠⎠
F2 = 13266.8 kg
⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

F3 ≔ ⎜―⋅ ⎜―――――― ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜ 1 - ――――― ⎟⎟ = 13266.8 kg
⎝ 2 ⎝ tan ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠⎠ ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠⎠
F3 = 13266.8 kg
⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

F4 ≔ ⎜―⋅ ⎜―――――― ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎝ tan ((27.408 deg )) ⎝ b ⎠⎠ ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠⎠
F4 ≔ 3724 kg
Calculo de las distancias:

⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞
a1 ≔ b ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.277 m a1 ≔ 0.277 m
⎝ 9 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠
a2 ≔ 0.523 m
2 ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞
a2 ≔ ―b ⋅ ⎜1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.523 m
3 ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠ a3 ≔ 0.523 m
PRÁCTICO # 6
2 ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞
a3 ≔ ―b ⋅ ⎜1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.523 m a4 ≔ 0.277 m
3 ⎝ 6 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠
⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞
a4 ≔ b ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.277 m
⎝ 9 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎠
Calculo de los momentos Mxzl1 y Mxzl2 para el diseno:
Mxzl1 ≔ F1 ⋅ a1 + F2 ⋅ a2 = 7042.7 kg ⋅ m
Mxzl2 ≔ F3 ⋅ a3 + F4 ⋅ a4 = 7970.8 kg ⋅ m
Diagrama de esfuerzo verticales, eje Z en los descansos:
kg
σ1 ⋅ t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) = -9283.3 ―
m
kg
σ2 ⋅ t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) = 17535.2 ―
m
kg
σ3 ⋅ t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) = 17535.2 ―
m
kg
σ4 ⋅ t ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) = -9283.3 ―
m
Calculo de las fuerzas verticales:

⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg kg
q1 ≔ rb ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ - rb = -13409.3 ― q1 ≔ -13409.3 ―
⎝ b ⎠ m m
⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg kg
q2 ≔ rb ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ - rb = 13409.3 ― q2 ≔ 13409.3 ―
⎝ b ⎠ m m
⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg kg
q4 ≔ rb ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟ - rb = -13409.3 ― q4 ≔ -13409.3 ―
⎝ b ⎠ m m
⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg kg
q3 ≔ rb ⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ - rb = 13409.3 ― q3 ≔ 13409.3 ―
⎝ b ⎠ m m
PRÁCTICO # 6
Cálculos de Fuerzas Q:
1 ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ b
Q ≔ ―⋅ rb ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ―= 4022.8 kg Q ≔ 4022.8 kg
2 ⎝ b ⎠ 2
Calculo de la e:
e ≔ 0.8 m
Calculo de momento M:
rb ⋅ b
M ≔ ―― ⋅ ((b + m)) = 3218.2 kg ⋅ m M ≔ 3218.2 ((kg ⋅ m))
2
1
―
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kg kg
2
kg
E ≔ 15000 210 ―― 2
= 21737065.1 ―― E ≔ 21737065.1 ――
cm m m
Calculo de Ft:
∑ M＝0
RB ⋅ L1
HA ≔ ――― = 9548.6 kg HD ≔ 9548.6 kg
H1
Por Trigonometría:
HA
Fc ≔ ―――――― = 10755.9 kg Fc ≔ 10755.9 kg
cos ((27.408 deg ))
Esfuerzo axial en las rampas debido a deformación del punto B:
Estado 1: Deformación por tensión axial y por flexión:

PRÁCTICO # 6
Deformación por tensión axial:
L ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
H1 2 + L1 2 = 3.041 m L ≔ 3.041 m
3 ⋅ rb ((b + m)) 2
δflexion ≔ ―――――― 2
⋅ ――― ⋅L δflexion ≔ 0.055 cm
sin ((27.408 deg )) E ⋅ t ⋅ b2
rb ⋅ L δTensiontriaxial ≔ 0.016 cm
δTensiontriaxial ≔ ――――――― 2
sin ((27.408 deg )) ⋅ t ⋅ b
δTotal ≔ δflexion + δTensiontriaxial
δTotal ≔ 0.07 cm
Estado 2: Acciones de la carga en la viga en voladizo:
Calculo de la carga r'b:

rb ⋅ t 2 ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞ kg
r'b ≔ ―――――――― 2
⋅ ⎜1 + ―――― ⎟ = 68.904 ―
b m
4 ⋅ sin ((27.408 deg )) ⋅ L 2 ⎝ ⎠
kg
r'b ≔ 68.904 ―
m
Calculo del momento de empotramiento:
Memp ≔ r'b ⋅ L ⋅ b = 251.444 kg ⋅ m
Memp ≔ 251.444 ((kg ⋅ m))
CALCULO DEL ACERO:
t ≔ 0.176 m D ≔ 1.2 cm r ≔ 0.025 m

PRÁCTICO # 6
1.2 cm
d ≔ 17.6 cm - 2.5 cm - 0.6 cm - ――― = 0.139 m d ≔ 13.9 cm
2
Calculo de las armaduras:
Mmin ≔ -1304.496 kg ⋅ m Mxzl1 ≔ F1 ⋅ a1 + F2 ⋅ a2 = 7042.7 kg ⋅ m
M ≔ 3218.2 ((kg ⋅ m)) Mxzl2 ≔ F3 ⋅ a3 + F4 ⋅ a4 = 7970.8 kg ⋅ m
Para Mxzl1:
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ 7042700 kg ⋅ cm
a≔d- d 2 - ――――――
0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
a ≔ 3.41 cm
7042700 kg ⋅ cm
As1 ≔ ――――――
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
As1 ≔ 17.38 cm 2
⎛ π ⋅ ((16 ⋅ mm )) 2 ⎞ 100
As ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ――
⎝ 4 ⎠ 14
As ≔ 14.360 cm 2
Usar ϕ＝16 c/14cm
PRÁCTICO # 6
Para Mmin:
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ 130450 kg ⋅ cm
a≔d- d 2 - ――――――= 0.005 m
0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
a ≔ 0.5 cm
130450 kg ⋅ cm
As1 ≔ ―――――= 0.00025 m 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
As1 ≔ 2.54 cm 2
⎛ π ⋅ ((10 ⋅ mm )) 2 ⎞ 100
As ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ――
⎝ 4 ⎠ 20
As ≔ 3.93 cm 2 Usar ϕ＝10 c/20cm
Para M:
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ 321820 kg ⋅ cm
a≔d- d 2 - ――――――= 0.013 m
0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
a ≔ 1.3 cm
321820 kg ⋅ cm ⎛ π ⋅ ((10 ⋅ mm )) 2 ⎞ 100

As1 ≔ ―――――= 0.00064 m 2 As ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ――
⎛ a⎞ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 12
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
As1 ≔ 6.45 cm 2 As ≔ 6.55 cm 2
Usarϕ＝10 c/12cm
PRÁCTICO # 6
2. Diseñar la escalera de 3 tramos.
- Datos:
kg
huella ≔ 0.296 m Ch ≔ 0.187 m chtring ≔ 0.171 m f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2
kg
fy ≔ 5000 ―― ln ≔ 2.37 m α ≔ 35.33111 r ≔ 3 cm
cm 2
PRÁCTICO # 6
l ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
((1.68 m)) 2 + ((2.37 m)) 2 = 0.291 m
l = 29.05 cm
Verificación:
2 ⋅ Ch + huella = 6.7 cm
OK cumple!
2 ⋅ chtring + huella = 6.38 cm
Calculo del Peralte de la Losa:
l
h ≔ ― = 1.21 cm
24
- Adoptaremos:
h ≔ 10 cm
Calculo de Valor T (La losa de la escalera sin contar los peldaños):
ln
t1 ≔ ― = 0.012 m
20
ln
t2 ≔ ― = 0.01 m
24
t1 + t2
tprom ≔ ――= 1.086 cm OK cumple!
2
Calculo de altura media (Altura promedio de la escalera):
tprom Ch
Hm ≔ ――― + ―― = -0.583 cm
cos ((α)) 2
Hm ≔ 5.834 cm
Calculo de cargas:
PRÁCTICO # 6
Calculo de cargas:
- Carga de descanso A=B:

ton kg
Pcmpropio ≔ huella ⋅ 0.8 m ⋅ 2.5 ―― Pcmpropio ≔ 537.053 ―
m3 m
kg kg
Pcmpropioceramico ≔ 0.8 m ⋅ 50 ―― Pcmpropioceramico ≔ 40 ―
m2 m
kg kg
Pcmacabado ≔ 0.8 m ⋅ 30 ―― Pcmacabado ≔ 24 ―
m2 m
kg
Pcmbarandado ≔ 50 ―
m
kg
PCMD ≔ Pcmpropio + Pcmpropioceramico + Pcmacabado + Pcmacabado = 625.053 ―
m
kg kg
PCVD ≔ 40 ―― ⋅ 0.8 m PCVD ≔ 32 ―
m2 m
- Carga de la garganta C=D:

⎛ huella ⋅ Ch ⎞ 1 ton kg
Pcmpropiopeldaño ≔ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ 9 ⋅ 0.8 m ⋅ ―⋅ 2.5 ―― Pcmpropiopeldaño ≔ 155.567 ―
⎝ 2 ⎠ l m 3
m
ton kg
Pcmpropiolosa ≔ 0.8 m ⋅ huella ⋅ 2.5 ―― Pcmpropiolosa ≔ 537.053 ―
m3 m
kg kg
Pcmceramico ≔ 0.8 m ⋅ 50 ―― Pcmceramico ≔ 40 ―
m2 m
kg kg
Pcmacaabadog ≔ 0.8 m ⋅ 30 ―― Pcmacaabadog ≔ 24 ―
m2 m
kg kg
Pcmbarandadog ≔ 2 ⋅ 50 ― Pcmbarandadog ≔ 100 ―
m m
kg
PCMG ≔ Pcmpropiopeldaño + Pcmpropiolosa + Pcmceramico + Pcmacaabadog + Pcmbarandadog = 856.62 ――
m
kg kg
PCVG ≔ 40 ―― ⋅ 0.8 m PCVG ≔ 32 ―
m2 m
- Carga Mayorada:
PRÁCTICO # 6
- Carga Mayorada:
kg
quD ≔ 1.2 ⋅ PCMD + 1.6 ⋅ PCVD = 801.264 ―
m
kg
quG ≔ 1.2 ⋅ PCMG + 1.6 ⋅ PCVG = 1079.144 ―
m
KAC ＝ KBD
3 E⋅I 3 1
KAC ＝ ――― KAC ≔ ――― KAC ≔ 3.75 ―
l 0.8 m m
3 E⋅I 3 1
KCD ＝ ――― KCD ≔ ― KCD ≔ 1.033 ―
l l m
1
ΣK ≔ 2 ⋅ KAC + KCD = 8.533 ―
m
3.75 E ⋅ I 3.75
DAC ＝ ―――― DAC ≔ ――= 0.417
8.991 E ⋅ I 8.991
1.491 E ⋅ I 1.491
DCD ＝ ―――― DCD ≔ ――= 0.166
8.991 E ⋅ I 8.991
ΣD ≔ 2 ⋅ DAC + DCD = 1
MAC ＝ MBD
quD ⋅ ((0.8 m)) 2

MAC ≔ ――――― MAC ≔ 0.071 ton ⋅ m
8
quG ⋅ ((l))2
MBD ≔ ―――= 0.013 ton ⋅ m MBD ≔ 1.255 ton ⋅ m
8
Mx ≔ 0.653 ton ⋅ m
C-D
R1 ≔ 0.473 ton R2 ≔ 0.323 ton
solve , x 0.43831036451113104461 ⋅ kg ⋅ m
R1 - quG ⋅ x ――― → ―――――――――――
kg
x ≔ 0.85 m
PRÁCTICO # 6
x ≔ 0.85 m
Mmax ≔ R1 ⋅ x - quG ⋅ x ⋅ 0.5 m = 0.039 ton ⋅ m
A - C＝B - D
R3 ≔ 0.2 ton R4 ≔ 0.136 ton
R3 - quD ⋅ x
x ≔ 0.535 m
Mmax ≔ R3 ⋅ x - quD ⋅ x ⋅ 0.2 m = 0.011 ton ⋅ m
Diseño de la Escalera:
1.2 cm
d ≔ h - r - ――― = 6.4 cm
2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Mx
a≔d- d 2 - ――――――― = 0.326 cm
0.9 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ 20 cm
Mx
As ≔ ―――――= 0.233 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Asmin ≔ 0.0018 ⋅ 1 m ⋅ h = 0.18 cm 2

PRACTICO#6 ESCALERA

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PRACTICO#6 ESCALERA

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PRÁCTICO # 6

Nombre : Mauricio Alvarado Rodriguez Curso: 7mo Semestre

1) DISENO DE LA ESCALERA AUTOPORTANTE QUE SE INDICA EN LA FIGURA:

Calculo de espesor de losa:

Calculo de ángulo de inclinación

Calculo de numero de peldaños

Verificación real del contrapaso

DETERMINACION DE LAS CARGAS

Volumen de los peldaños (Rampa 1)

Volumen de la losa (Rampa 1)

Área equivalente ( Rampa 1)

Espesor equivalente (Rampa 1)

Carga Superficial del peso propio (Rampa 1)

Carga lineal del peso propio (Rampa 1)

Carga lineal del peso propio (Descanso)

Carga lineal por acabados (Rampa 1)

Carga lineal por acabados (Descanso)

Carga lineal por sobrecarga (Rampa 1)

Carga lineal por sobrecarga (Descanso)

CALCULO DE LA CARGA ULTIMA DE DISENO (Wu)

Calculo de Ra, Rb, Rc, Mmax, Mmin (Hipótesis 1)

RA1 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB1 = 2615.9 kg

Calculo de Ra, Rb, Rc, Mmax, Mmin (Hipótesis 2)

RA2 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB2 = 2660.34 kg

Calculo de Ra, Rb, Rc, Mmax, Mmin (Hipótesis 3)

RA3 ≔ q1 ⋅ L1 + q2 ⋅ L2 - RB3 = 1319.9 kg

Calculo de reacción en apoyo B:

Cálculos de esfuerzos ( Superior)

Cálculos de esfuerzos ( Inferior)

Calculo de esfuerzo por unidad de longitud

⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

⎛1 ⎛ rb ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) ⎞⎞ ⎛ 3 ⋅ ((b + m)) - b ⎞⎞

Calculo de las distancias:

Calculo de los momentos Mxzl1 y Mxzl2 para el diseno:

Diagrama de esfuerzo verticales, eje Z en los descansos:

Calculo de las fuerzas verticales:

Esfuerzo axial en las rampas debido a deformación del punto B:

Estado 1: Deformación por tensión axial y por flexión:

Deformación por tensión axial:

δTotal ≔ δflexion + δTensiontriaxial

Estado 2: Acciones de la carga en la viga en voladizo:

Calculo de la carga r'b:

Calculo del momento de empotramiento:

Memp ≔ r'b ⋅ L ⋅ b = 251.444 kg ⋅ m

Memp ≔ 251.444 ((kg ⋅ m))

CALCULO DEL ACERO:

t ≔ 0.176 m D ≔ 1.2 cm r ≔ 0.025 m

Calculo de las armaduras:

Mmin ≔ -1304.496 kg ⋅ m Mxzl1 ≔ F1 ⋅ a1 + F2 ⋅ a2 = 7042.7 kg ⋅ m

M ≔ 3218.2 ((kg ⋅ m)) Mxzl2 ≔ F3 ⋅ a3 + F4 ⋅ a4 = 7970.8 kg ⋅ m

As ≔ 3.93 cm 2 Usar ϕ＝10 c/20cm

321820 kg ⋅ cm ⎛ π ⋅ ((10 ⋅ mm )) 2 ⎞ 100

As1 ≔ 6.45 cm 2 As ≔ 6.55 cm 2

2. Diseñar la escalera de 3 tramos.

Calculo del Peralte de la Losa:

Calculo de Valor T (La losa de la escalera sin contar los peldaños):

Calculo de altura media (Altura promedio de la escalera):

- Carga de descanso A=B: