CHAPTER

15 Hyperbola

x2 y 2 Tangents
™ Standard equation of the hyperbola is − 1,
=
a 2 b2 2 2
(i) Slope Form: y = mx ± a m − b
2

where b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
2 xx1 yy1
b2  Conjugate Axis  (ii) Point Form: at the point (x1, y1) is − 1.
=
or a2 e2 = a2 + b2 i.e. e2 = 1 + = 1+   a 2 b2
a2  Transverse Axis 
(a) Foci: x sec θ y tan θ
(iii) Parametric Form: − 1.
=
S ≡ (ae, 0) & S′ ≡ (–ae, 0). a b
(b) Equations of Directrices: x2 y 2
™ Normal to The Hyperbola − =1:
a a a 2 b2
x= & x= − . (a) Point form: Equation of the normal to the given hyperbola at
e e
a 2 x b2 y
(c) Vertices: the point P(x1, y1) on it is + = a2 + b2 = a2e2.
x1 y1
A ≡ (a, 0) & A′ ≡ (–a, 0).
(b) Slope form: The equation of normal of slope m to the given
(d) Latus Rectum:
m( a 2 + b 2 )
(i) Equation: x = ± ae hyperbola is y = mx  foot of normal are
2b 2 (Conjugate Axis) (a 2 − m 2 b 2 )
(ii) Length == = 2a (e 2 − 1)
a (Transverse Axis)  a2 mb 2 
± , .
= 2e(distance from focus to directrix)  ( a 2
− m 2 2
b ) ( a 2
− m 2 2 
b )
 
 b2   −b 2   b2   −b 2  (c) Parametric form: The equation of the normal at the
(iii) Ends:  ae,  ,  ae,  ;  −ae,  ,  −ae, 
 a   a   a   a  point P (a sec q, b tan q) to the given hyperbola is
(e) Focal Property: ax by
+ = a 2 + b2 = a 2 e2 .
The difference of the focal distances of any point on the sec θ tan θ
hyperbola is constant and equal to transverse axis i.e. Director Circle
| |PS| – |PS′| | = 2a. The distance SS′ = focal length. Equation to the director circle is: x2 + y2 = a2 – b2.
(f) Focal Distance:
Chord of Contact
Distance of any point P(x, y) on hyperbola from foci
If PA and PB be the tangents from point P(x1, y1) to the Hyperbola
PS = ex – a & PS′ = ex + a.
x2 y 2
x2 y 2 x2 y 2 − = 1, then the equation of the chord of contact AB is
Conjugate Hyperbola: 2 − 2= 1 & − 2 + 2= 1 are a 2 b2
a b a b
conjugate hyperbolas of each. xx1 yy1
− 2 = 1 or T = 0 at (x1, y1).
Auxillary Circle: x2 + y2 = a2. a2 b
Parametric Representation: x = a sec q & y = b tan q Equation of Chord with mid Point (x1, y1)
Position of A point ‘P ’ w.r.t. A Hyperbola:
x2 y 2
x2 y 2 The equation of the chord of the ellipse 2 − 2 = 1, whose mid-
S1 ≡ 12 − 12 − 1 > = or < 0 according as the point (x1, y1) lines point be (x1, y1) is T = S1 where T a b
a b
inside, on xx1 yy1 x2 y 2
= 2
− 2 − 1, S1 = 12 − 12 − 1
or outside the curve. a b a b
  xx yy  x
2
y2 
i.e.  21 − 21 − 1=  12 − 12 − 1 . Vertices: (± c ± c) ; Focii : (± )
2c, ± 2c . Directrix :
 a b   a b  x+y=± 2 c.
Asymptotes
Latus Rectum (l): = l = 2 2 c = T.A. = C.A.
x2 y 2
Combined equations of asymptotes are 2 − 2 = 0 Parametric equation x = ct, y = c/t, t ∈ R – {0}
a b
Reflection property of the hyperbola: An incoming light ray x y x
Equation of the tangent at P(x1, y1) is + = 2 & at P(t) is
aimed towards one focus is reflected from the outer surface of the x1 y1 t
hyperbola towards the other focus. + ty = 2c.
Rectangular or Equilateral Hyperbola: xy = c2, eccentricity is Equation of the normal at P(t) is xt3 – yt = c(t4 – 1).
2. Chord with a given middle point as (h, k) is kx + hy = 2hk.

32 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW