605.21.TN.0_ND_ENVIRONMENTAL_HEALTH-WITH_CODES_-_FINAL_(11)

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

(HEXCO)
2021
REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE
NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
COURSE CODE: 605/21/TN/0
Implementation Date: January 2022
“This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document
are the sole responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Child Care’s Department of Environmental Health Services
and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union’’
605/21/TN/0 ND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
PART 1: COURSE REGULATIONS
PREAMBLE
The course is designed to develop an Environmental Health Technician with the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required to satisfy the needs of the Health sector and
Allied Industries. The duration of the course is 3 years (2970 hours) inclusive of 12
months On the Job Education and Training (OJET). Entry requirement is 5 O’ Levels
passes with grade C or better including English Language, Mathematics and a relevant
Science subject or equivalent obtained in two sittings. The course is done on full time
basis where the trainee will go to college for theory during school terms and go back to
their places of employment during school holidays. The trainee will be assessed through
continuous assessments, examinations, research project and On the Job Education and
Training. The course will inculcate Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM) culture and gender mainstreaming inclusivity sustainable development.
CONSULTATIONS YEAR
1. Ministry of Health and Child Care 2021
2. Bulawayo City 2021
3. Environmental Health Practitioners Council 2021
4. Zimbabwe National Army 2021
5. Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Company (ZIMASCO) 2021
6. Zimbabwe Environmental Health Practitioners Association 2021
7. Institute of Water and Sanitation 2021
8. Gweru Multidisciplinary Training School 2021
9. National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) 2021
10. Gwanda Multidisciplinary Training School 2021
11. Government Analyst Laboratory 2021
12. Harare City 2021
13. The European Union and FAO through the SAFE Project 2021
**Review of this curriculum was funded by the European Union (EU) though the Zimbabwe
Agricultural Growth Programme: Transforming Zimbabwe’s Animal Health and Sanitary and
Phytosanitary (SPS)/ Food Safety Systems for the Future (SAFE Project) which was implemented by the
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)
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PART I: REGULATIONS
1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

National Diploma in Environmental Health
2. AIM
The aim of the course is to develop an Environmental Health Technician with the
knowledge, skills and attitudes to promote sustainable Environmental Health.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of the course the graduate should be able to:
3.1 monitor the construction and use of hygiene enabling facilities as well as
inspect building health standards for trading and non-trading premises
3.2 explain the human body structure and function as a basis for
implementing disease prevention and control measures
3.3 implement appropriate mitigation measures for sanitation related
hazards in the environment;
3.4 implement disease prevention and control measures for communicable
and non-communicable diseases;
3.5 analyze the behaviour and properties of various microorganisms as a
basis for implementing disease prevention and control measures;
3.6 conduct health education sessions and promote the utilization of
appropriate health enabling facilities in the community
3.7 demonstrate patriotism to sustainable national development;
3.8 operate a sustainable business in Environmental Health
3.9 apply computer skills in Environmental Health
3.10 prevent and control communicable and non-communicable diseases
3.11 monitor food safety and quality;
3.12 apply principles of physics and chemistry in Environmental Health
Practice
3.13 prevent and control diseases caused by parasites, pests and vectors;
3.14 solve public health problems through effective research;
3.15 monitor hygiene and quality of meat and meat products
3.16 enforce health and safety regulations at the work places.
3.17 apply public health laws;
3.18 apply statistical methods in Environmental Health;
3.19 relate theory with practice;
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3.20 to monitor and evaluate environmental health programs;
3.21 demonstrate appreciation of human behaviour and social interactions
within communities;
3.22 mitigate potential effects of public health emergencies;
4.0. COURSE STRUCTURE
SUBJECTS CODES DURATIO
N IN
HOURS
YEAR 1
1. BUILDING PRACTICE 605/21/S19 180
2. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 605/21/S13 180
3. SANITATION AND HYGIENE 605/21/S14 160
4. COMMUNICABLE AND NON- 605/21/S15 120
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
5. MICROBIOLOGY 605/21/S16 120
6. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 605/21/S17 80
7. FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION 605/21/S21 80
TECHNOLOGY
8. NATIONAL STUDIES 401/19/S01 80
9. ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 402/19/S01 80
ON THE JOB EDUCATION AND TRAINING 605/21/S11 3 MONTHS
YEAR 2
10. EPIDEMIOLOGY 605/21/S01 120
11. FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE 605/21/S02 150
12. PHYSICAL SCIENCES 605/21/S05 150
13. PARASITOLOGY AND PEST CONTROL 605/21/S04 180
14. RESEARCH METHODS 605/21/S20 80
15. MEAT HYGIENE AND INSPECTION 605/21/S08 400
16. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 605/21/S07 120
17. BIOSTATISTICS 605/21/S24 150
18. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 605/21/S03 100
ON THE JOB EDUCATION AND TRAINING 605/21/S11 3 MONTHS
YEAR 3
19. ON THE JOB EDUCATION AND TRAINING 605/21/S11 6 MONTHS
20. RESEARCH PROJECT 605/21/S10 6 MONTHS
21. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 605/21/S23 80
22. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE 605/21/S09 160
23. ETHICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS 605/21/S22 80
24. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND 605/21/S25 120
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
25. SKILLS PROFICIENCY 605/21/S12
TOTAL 2970
5.0 COURSE DURATION

Course duration is 3 years (2970 hours) inclusive of 12 months on the job education and
training.
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6. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
The minimum entry requirement is 5 O’ Levels passes with grade C or better including
English Language, Mathematics and a relevant Science subject or equivalent obtained in
not more than two sittings.
7. MODE OF STUDY
Full time
8. ASSESSMENT SCHEME
No SUBJECT WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN
EXAMINATIO ASSESSMENT 60% G
N 40%
1 BUILDING 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
PRACTICE 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
2 HUMAN ANATOMY 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
3 SANITATION AND 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
HYGIENE 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
4 COMMUNICABLE 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
AND NON- 2 Assignments - 20%
COMMUNICABLE 2 Practicals - 20%
DISEASES
5 MICROBIOLOGY 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
6 HEALTH 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
COMMUNICATION 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
7 NATIONAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
STUDIES 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
8 ENTREPRENEURIA 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
L SKILLS 2 Assignments - 20%
DEVELOPMENT 2 Practicals - 20%
9 FUNDAMENTALS 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
OF INFORMATION 2 Assignments - 20%
TECHNOLOGY 2 Practicals - 20%
10 EPIDEMIOLOGY 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
11. FOOD SAFETY AND 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
HYGIENE 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
12 SOCIAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

PSYCHOLOGY 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
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13 PARASITOLOGY 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
AND PEST 2 Assignments - 20%
CONTROL 2 Practicals - 20%
14 PHYSICAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

SCIENCES 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
15 RESEARCH 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

METHODS 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
16 OCCUPATIONAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

HEALTH AND 2 Assignments - 20%
SAFETY 2 Practicals - 20%
17 MEAT HYGIENE 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
AND INSPECTION 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
18 ENVIRONMENTAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
HEALTH PRACTICE 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
19 ETHICS AND 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
PUBLIC HEALTH 2 Assignments - 20%
LAWS 2 Practicals - 20%
20 MONITORING AND 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
EVALUATION 2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
21 BIOSTATISTICS 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
2 Assignments - 20%
2 Practicals - 20%
22 EMERGENCY 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%
PREPAREDNESS 2 Assignments - 20%
AND DISASTER 2 Practicals - 20%
MANAGEMENT
23 RESEARCH As per project 100%
PROJECT
24 ON THE JOB as per log book 100%
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
25 SKILLS As per Skills 100%
PROFICIENCY TEST Proficiency
Schedule
9. GRADING
0% to 49% - Fail
50% to 59% - Pass
60% to 79% - Credit
80% to 100% - Distinction
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10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD
10.1 All subjects must be passed to be awarded a National Diploma in
Environmental Health.
10.2 A candidate should attend at least 85% learning sessions to qualify for
examinations.
10.3 The final mark should be obtained through aggregation provided the
candidate scores at least 50 % in each of continuous assessment and
examinations
10.4 Non-submission of coursework marks will result in the candidate being
deferred.
10.5 The pass mark shall be 50 %
11. RE-WRITES
11.1 A candidate should pass two thirds (2/3) of the subjects to qualify for a
re-write.
11.2 Re-writes should conform to current course structure.
11.3 Any candidate who fails to pass at least two thirds of the course should
repeat the whole course, including the subjects they would have passed.
11.4 A candidate is given no time limit in which to re-write the failed
subject(s).
11.5 There is no aggregation for rewrites.
11.6 All re-writes should pass on performance in the examination.
11.7 If a candidate fails coursework he/she repeats the subject.
12. EXEMPTIONS
12.1 Exemptions are only granted in subjects already attained from a complete
accredited qualification provided an exemption certificate specifying
subjects of exemption is produced.
12.2 Exemption Certificate should be applied for at enrolment stage and
produced before registration for examinations.
13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES

13.1 Cheating in examination will result in disqualification from the whole
course and all other HEXCO courses. The candidate will be suspended
for two years.
13.2 The penalty for plagiarisms is as in 13.1
14. RESOURCES
14.1 Lecturer Qualifications
Lecturers for the National Diploma in Environmental Health must hold a
minimum of Higher National Diploma in Environmental Health or
equivalent.
14.2 Resources
1. Classrooms and equipped laboratories
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2. Visit Abattoirs
3. Library and Learning Aids
4. Projectors 2
5. Slides sufficient
6. Video camera 1
7. Television 1
8. Pamphlets various types
9. Magazines various types
10. Look and learn visits as per subject
11. Field Attachments as per log book
12. Microscopes 12
13. Incubators 2
14. Autoclave 1
15. Lavibonds 6
16 Flasks various sizes
17. Test tubes various sizes
18. Bunsen burners 12
19. Measuring cylinders various sizes
20. Refrigerators 2
21. Sterilizers 2
22. Ovens 2
23. Digital pH meters 6
24. Centrifuges 2
25. Protective clothing for each student
7
15: SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Dube, J. (2000) Social Psychology. Harare MOH&CC
Module 8 – EHT Environmental
Diploma Conversion Health
Course. Department
Glanz, (1987): (1987) Health Education a London

Promotion.
Green, & (1986) Health Promotion. London
Lrenteeur,
Haralambos, M. (2000) Sociology: Themes and Harare MOH&CC
Perspectives. Environmental
Health
Department
Heinz, H. (1988) Parasitology in Focus
Keith, (1989) New Strategies in

P.W.K.M. Parasitology
LandamJohn (1980) Human and Physiology London Foresman and

Murray, B.R. 2nd Edition Scott Company
MacKean, D. & (1985) Human & Social Biology London John Murray
Jones, B. (1999) 2nd Edition
Mussen, P.H, (1979) Child Development and New York Harper and Row
Cconges, J.J. Personality.
and Kagan, J.
Omar, O.B. (1981) The Immunology of
Parasitic Infections
Roberts, M. (1986) A Functional Approach Surrey Nelsons and
B.V, 4th Edition Sobs
Rusk, R.R,. (1979) Doctrine of the Great UK Lowe and
Educators 5th Edition Brydone
Printers Ltd
Sofoluwe, G.O. (1985) Principles and Practice of Iban Caxton Press
and Bennett, Community Health in Nigeria
F.J. Africa.
Taylor, D.J.et al (1998) Biological Sciences 3rd Cambridge Cambridge
Edition University Press
Vorkeviser C. (1993) Designing and Canada International
Met al Conducting Health Development
Systems Research Research
Projects. Vol. 2 Part I Centre
WHO No. 649 (1980) 4.2 Environmental Geneva WHO
Management for Vector
Control
WHO No. 737 4.1 Resistance of Vectors Geneva WHO
and Reservoirs of Disease
to Pesticides
WHO No. 755 (1987) 4.3 Vector Control in Geneva WHO
Primary Health Care
8
PART II: CONTENT

SUBJECT: BUILDING PRACTICE
SUBJECT CODE: 605/21/S19
DURATION: 180 HOURS
1.0 AIM OF THE SUBJECT
By the end of the subject the graduate should be able to use the knowledge and
techniques of building in the practice of Environmental Health.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the subject the graduate should be able to:
2.1 Outline the development of building practice through the various industrial
era.
2.2 Identify the different tools used in building practice.
2.3 Describe the various types of building materials and their uses.
2.4 Identify suitable sites for different buildings.
2.5 Describe building practices in the sequence.
2.6 Construct a building project using various bonds.
2.7 Identify types of doors and window frames for various purposes.
2.8 Describe the types of roofs and roofing materials.
2.9 Describe types of floors and flooring materials.
2.10 Plaster and paint a building.
2.11 Rodent proof different types of buildings
2.12 Describe different methods of ventilation and lighting of buildings.
2.13 Identify different types of plumbing materials and their uses.
2.14 Describe various methods of heating.
2.15 Identify different fire protection devices for buildings.
2.16 Interpret various building plans.
2.17 Estimate building quantities using appropriate formulae.
2.18 Conduct premises inspection.
3.0 TOPICS
History of Building
Building Tools
Building Materials
Location of Buildings
Building Procedures
Brickwork
Doors and Window Frames
Roofing
Floors
Plastering and Painting
Rodent Proofing
Ventilation and Lighting
Plumbing
Heating
Fire Protection
Design and Interpretation of Building Plans
Estimation Of Quantities
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Premises Inspection
4.0 THEORY
4.1 HISTORY OF BUILDING
4.1.1 Explain the development of the building industry.
4.1.2 Differentiate types of buildings.
Dwelling.
Industrial
Commercial.
Agricultural.
4.2 BUILDING TOOLS

4.2.1 Categorize the different building tools.
4.2.2 Explain the uses for the different building tools.
4.2.3 Discuss how to care for the tools.
4.2.4 Demonstrate the caring for the tools
4.3 BUILDING MATERIALS

4.3.1 Identify and describe the different types of building materials.
4.3.2 Explain the uses of different building materials.
4.4 LOCATION OF BUILDINGS

4.4.1 Explain the characteristics of a good building site.
4.4.2 Select a building site.
4.4.3 Improve an unsuitable building site.
4.4.4 Prepare a building site.
4.5 BUILDING PROCEDURES

4.5.1 Set out a building profile.
4.5.2 Describe the different types of foundations.
4.5.3 Explain the purpose of each type of foundation.
4.5.4 Explain the different types of damp proof materials/uses.
4.5.5 Describe methods of termite and ant proofing.
4.6 BRICKWORK
4.6.1 Explain the different types of bonds.
4.6.2 Demonstrate the erection of a building using the different types of
bonds.
4.6.3 Describe the different mortar mixtures used in building.
4.6.4 Demonstrate the construction of a wall using the different types of
bonds
4.6.5 Demonstrate the construction of the different floors.
4.6.6 Inspect buildings at all levels of construction.
4.7 DOORS AND WINDOW FRAMES

4.7.1 Differentiate the types of frames.
4.7.2 Explain the setting of frames in a wall.
4.8 ROOFING
4.8.1 Describe the different types of roofs.
4.8.2 Demonstrate the construction of trusses.
4.8.3 Discuss the different types of covering materials.
4.8.4 Explain the different types of termite proofing.
10
4.9 FLOORS
4.9.1 Discuss the different types of floors.
4.9.2 Describe the different types of flooring materials
4.9.3 Demonstrate the construction of the different floors.
4.10PLASTERING AND PAINTING
4.10.1 Explain the different types of plasters and paints.
4.10.2 Describe the different types of plastering materials
4.10.3 Demonstrate the technique of plastering and painting.
4.11RODENT PROOFING
4.11.1 Discuss the different materials for rodent proofing.
4.11.2 Demonstrate the methods of rodent proofing.
4.12VENTILATION AND LIGHTING

4.12.1 Explain the different methods of ventilation and lighting of buildings.
4.12.2 Demonstrate the location of ventilation openings on a building
4.12.3 Electrical installations and safety
4.13PLUMBING
4.13.1 Describe the different types of plumbing materials and their uses.
4.13.2 Demonstrate drainage layout.
4.14HEATING
4.14.1 Describe the methods of heating.
4.14.2 Explain the setting out of the fire grates.
4.14.3 Discuss how to store fuel.
4.15FIRE PROTECTION
4.15.1 Describe the different classes of fire
4.15.2 Discuss the different types of the fire hazards.
4.15.3 Explain the fire triangle.
4.15.4 Describe the fire control measures.
4.15.5 Discuss various fire proofing materials
4.16DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION OF BUILDING PLANS

4.16.1 Demonstrate the design of building plan according to schedule.
4.16.2 Draw building plans according to scale.
4.16.3 Examine and comment on submitted plans.
4.16.4 Correlate building plans with relevant legislation.
4.17ESTIMATION OF QUANTITIES
4.17.1 Explain the different formulae on estimation of quantities.
4.17.2 Prepare a Bill of Quantities using building plans.
4.18PREMISES INSPECITON
4.18.1 Discuss the various pieces of legislation related to buildings
4.18.2 Describe the procedure for premises inspection.
PRACTICALS
1. Practise building construction at all stages.
2. Practise the construction of Blair Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine.
11
3. Practise the construction of a protected well.
4. Cleaning of building tools
5.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME
SUBJECT/ CODE WRITTEN CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT 60% WEIGHTING
EXAMINATION 40%
BUILDING 3-hour paper A minimum of 100%

PRACTICE  2 assignments 20% - 10% each)
 2 Practicals 20% -10% each
 2 Tests 20% 10% each)
6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING %

NO.
1. HISTORY AND LOCATION OF BUILDING 10
2. BUILDING TOOLS AND MATERIALS 10
3. BUILDING PROCEDURES, BRICKWORK, DOORS AND 20
WINDOW FRAMES, ROOFING, FLOORS, PLASTERING AND
PAINTING
4. RODENT PROOFING, VENTILATION, HEATING AND 20
LIGHTING, FIRE PROTECTION, ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS AND SAFETY
5. PLUMBING 10
16. DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION OF BUILDING PLANS 10
17. ESTIMATION OF QUANTITIES 10
18. PREMISES INSPECTION 10
TOTAL 100
7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
Boyer, E.L. and Mitgang, L.D., 1996. Building Community: A New Future for
Architecture Education and Practice. A Special Report. California Princeton
Fulfillment Services; 1445 Lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618.
Guy, S. and Shove, E., 2014. The sociology of energy, buildings and the environment:
Constructing knowledge, designing practice. Routledge.
Watt, D.S., 2009. Building pathology: Principles and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
SUBJECT: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

12
DURATION: 180 HOURS
By the end of the course the trainee should be able to outline Anatomy and
Physiology of Human beings.
By the end of the course the trainee should be able to:
2.1 differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their
functions.
2.2 describe different tissues and their functions.
2.3 identify muscles of the body and their function.
2.4 describe the various types of bones of the body and how they function
2.5 explain the blood circulatory system in the body.
2.6 explain the functions of the lymphatic system.
2.7 describe the digestive system.
2.8 describe the respiratory system.
2.9 explain the human excretory system
2.10 describe the nervous system.
2.11 explain the endocrine and exocrine glands and their functions.
2.12 explain the human reproductive system
2.13 describe special senses and their disorders.
3.0 TOPICS
Cell structure and function
Tissues
Muscles
The Skeleton
Circulatory System
The Lymphatic System
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Excretory System
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Nervous System
Endocrinology
Reproductive System
Special Senses
4.0 THEORY
4.1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
4.1.1 Define anatomy and physiology.
4.1.2 Describe a cell (characteristics, structure and function) e.g.,
amoeba.
4.1.3 Discuss types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
4.1.4 Briefly outline cell multiplication and division under Mitosis and
Meiosis.
4.1.5 Describe movement of materials through cell membrane under
the
following: -
- diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- filtration
- osmosis
- active transport
- exocytosis and endocytosis
4.2 TISSUES
4.2.1
Define a tissue
4.2.2
Describe the types of tissues i.e., epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous and reproductive, giving examples of each
4.3 MUSCLES
4.3.1 Identify the three types of muscle tissue i.e., smooth, voluntary,
cardiac.
4.3.2 Describe the structure and function of tissues in relation to its
structure.
4.3.5 Identify the main muscles of the body and their functions.
4.3.6 Demonstrate the lever system of muscle action in terms of effort,
load, distance and fulcrum.
4.3.7 Explain the antagonistic action of skeleton muscles.
4.3.8 Define the following terms relative to muscles:
- resting potential - supination
- refractory period - action potential
- fatigue - tetanus
14
- extension - aponeurosis
- flexion - rigor mortis
- adduction - muscle atrophy
- abduction - cramp
- pronation - oxygen debt
4.4 THE SKELETON
4.4.1 Describe the formation and composition of a bone
4.4.2 Describe the types of bones and their functions (long, short, flat,
irregular and give examples)
4.4.3 Describe the structures of typical long bone and of a compact bone.
4.4.4 Define a joint
4.4.5 Describe the three types of joint
- synarthrotic (sutive)
- cartilaginous
- diathrotic (synovial fluid)
4.4.6 Identify the axial and apendicular skeletons
4.4.7 Describe the functions of the skeleton.
4.4.8 Discuss fractures and their healing
4.5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

4.5.1 Define blood
4.5.2 Describe the composition of blood: plasma, serum, and cells
4.5.3 Describe the functions of blood
4.5.4 Explain the blood clotting mechanism
4.5.5 Explain blood grouping
4.5.6 Describe the structure and function of the following:
 Heart
 Blood vessels
4.5.7 Explain the circulation of blood
4.6 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

4.6.1 Describe lymph and its composition
4.6.2 Describe the functions of the lymphatic system
4.6.3 Describe the functions of the following lymph organs
- spleen
- thymus
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- tonsils
4.6.4 Compare and contrast the movement of lymph in lymphatic vessels with
the movement of blood in blood vessels.
4.7 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
4.7.1 Define digestion
4.7.2 Describe the structures and functions of the various organs of the
digestive system.
4.7.3 Describe enzyme activity along the digestive tract.
4.7.4 Discuss how various foods are absorbed from the tract into the blood
stream.
4.7.5 Discuss the following terms:
diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting, ulcers, gallstones
4.8 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
4.8.1 Describe respiration (internal, artificial, external)
4.8.2 Describe how the respiratory organs function.
4.8.3 Discuss the breathing mechanism and how its controlled
4.8.4 Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged during
respiration
4.8.5 Explain how carbon monoxide interferes with haemoglobin carriage of
oxygen.
4.8.6 Discuss the following respiratory problems:
- hypoxia - cyanosis
- asphyxia - acidosis
- alkalosis - hypercapnia, hypocapnia
- asthma - emphysema
- bronchitis - TB
- pneumonia - pulmonary oedema
4.9 EXCTRETORY SYSTEM
4.9.1 Define excretion
4.9.2 Identify the organs involved in the excretion system
4.9.3 Describe the gross anatomy and physiology of the urinary system
- kidney
- urethra
16
- urinary bladder
4.9.4 Describe the process of urine formation
4.9.4 Discuss disorders of the urinary system
4.10 NERVOUS SYSTEM
4.10.1 Describe the structure and function of organs of the nervous system
4.10.2 Identify the main parts and divisions of the nervous system
4.10.3 Explain somatic and autonomic nervous system
4.10.4 Describe the transmission of an impulse across the synaptic knob
4.10.5 Describe a reflex action
4.10.6 Describe the structure and function of the three parts of the brain
(forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain)
4.10.7 Describe the structure of the spinal cord
4.10.8 Describe the formation and functions of the cerebrospinal fluid
4.10.10 Explain the following concepts:
- sleep - intelligence
- learning - memory
4.10.11 Explain acupuncture, endorphine, EEG
4.10.12 Define the following abnormalities;
- Hydrocephalus- numbness
- paraplegia - brain tumour
- hemiplegia - somnambulism
- cretinism - meningitis
4.11 ENDOCRINOLOGY
4.11.1 Define endocrine system, hormone, gland
4.11.2 Explain the functions of hormones
4.11.3 Describe the control of hormone secretion
4.11.4 Identify the endocrine and exocrine glands, the hormones they secrete
and their effects
4.11.5 Compare and contrast hormonal and neural control of body systems
4.12 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

4.12.1 Describe and draw organs that form the:
 male reproductive system

 female reproductive system
4.12.2 Describe the physiology of the
a) male reproduction
b) female reproduction
4.12.3 Explain chromosomes and sex determination
4.12.4 Explain heredity
4.12.5 Discuss the following methods of contraception
- pill
- IUD
17
- sterilisation
- coitus interrupts
- condoms
- spermicide
- rhythm method (abstinence)
4.13 SPECIAL SENSES
4.13.1 Describe the structure and function of the following organs of special
sense: skin, eyes, ears, tongue, Discuss the physiology and function of
each organ
4.12.2 Describe the following disorders of the eye
- cataract - astigmatism
- glaucoma - blind spot
- visual acuity
PRACTICALS
1. Identify the cell under a microscope and draw the microscopic structure as
seen under the microscope
2. Demonstrate the pH of different solutions
3. Demonstrate diffusion and filtration
4. Use a human skeleton to show the positions of the main skeleton muscles
5. Demonstrate the effects of muscle contraction and their relationship
6. Demonstrate the axes of rotation of the different types of joints
7. Taste different types of foods
8. Strain blood to determine different cells
9. Demonstrate inhalation and exhalation
10. Determine starch in carbohydrates
11. Use saliva to digest starch
12. Detect reducing sugars in digested food
13. Demonstrate the diffusion of simple sugars through a semi permeable
membrane
14. Attend post mortems
SUBJECT/ CODE WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN

EXAMINATIONS 40% ASSESSMENT 60% G
100%
Human 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20%

Anatomy and 2 Assignments - 20%
Physiology 2 Practicals - 20% 100%
18
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING%
1. Cell Structure, Function and Tissues 15
2. Muscles and the skeletal system 20
3. The Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems 15
4. Digestive and Excretory Systems 15
5. Nervous and Endocrinology System 15
6. Reproductive System 10
7. Respiratory system and Special Senses 10
TOTAL 100
7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

Derrickson, B. and Tortora, G.J., 2007. Introduction to the human body: the essentials
of anatomy and physiology. J. Wiley & Sons.
Rizzo, D.C., 2015. Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. Cengage Learning
Shier, D., Butler, J. and Lewis, R., 2015. Hole's essentials of human anatomy &
physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Solomon, E.P. and Solomon, K., 2008. Study Guide for Introduction to Human
Anatomy and Physiology. WB Saunders Co.
Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health
and Illness E-Book. Else
SUBJECT: SANITATION AND HYGIENE

DURATION: 160 HOURS
19
By the end of the subject the graduate should be able to promote
sanitation and hygiene in the community.
At the end of the subject the trainee should be able to:
2.1 practice general hygiene.
2.2 apply appropriate waste management principles.
2.3 identify safe sources of water and related diseases.
2.4 apply pollution control technologies.
2.5 describe various sanitation options and technologies
available to communities.
3.0 TOPICS
Water supplies
Sanitation options and Technology
Hygiene
Waste Management
Environmental Pollution
Legislation
4.0 THEORY
4.1 WATER
4.1.1 Describe the hydrological cycle
4.1.2 Identify different water sources and their characteristics
4.1.3 Describe different sources of pollution and contamination
4.1.4 Identify water borne diseases
4.1.5 Discuss methods of water purification
- convectional water treatment - water harvesting
- institutional treatment - filters
- household treatment - disinfection of wells
- water reticulation - use of equal tabs
- protection of wells and springs
4.1.6 Demonstrate different water sampling procedures and techniques.
4.1.7 Apply local and international standards (WHO) in
relation to water quality.
4.2 SANITATION
20
4.1 Discuss sanitation options and technologies
- Septic tanks
- Aqua-privies
- Blair- single, double and multi-compartment
- Water closets
- Incinerator
- Ottoway pits
- Eco-Sanitation
- Refuse pits
- Pot racks
- Bottle crushers
4.2 Discuss demand led sanitation

Personal Hygiene
4.3.1 Describe the role of personal hygiene practices in the
prevention and control of communicable diseases.
4.3.2 Discuss the importance of hand washing in diseases control.
Household Hygiene
4.3.3 Identify and correct unhygienic conditions that promote the

spread of diseases in communities.
3
4.3.4 Discuss inspection and advise on issues that promote and
maintain good kitchen
4.3.5 Identify locally available resources to design facilities

that promote household
Premises Hygiene
4.3.6 Discuss premises hygiene under the following:
4.3.7 Code of practice of food handlers and its application
4.3.8 Objectives of cleaning in food premises
4.3.9 Cleaning agents
4.3.10 Surface sampling
4.3.11 Cleaning procedures and schedules in food premises
4.3.12 Interpretation of surface sampling results
4.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT
4.4.1 Define and classify waste.
4.4.2 Describe the Waste Management Cycle
21
4.4.3 Apply the waste management cycle (given below) at community
level.
 Generation,
 Handling, separation , coding and storage at source.
 Collection
 Transfer and transportation
 Separation, processing and treatment
 Disposal
4.4.4 Waste Management Options.

Discuss the following options in waste management:
- waste reduction
- waste re-use and recycling
-land filling
-refuse pits
- waste transformation
- incineration
- compositing
4.4.5 Sewage Treatment
- convectional system
- stabilising ponds
- cess pools
- effluent sampling
- septic tanks and soak aways
-Sewage reticulation plan
4.4.6 Drainage systems
 Principles of sound drainage systems
 Inspection eye
 Drainage maintenance
4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

4.5.1 Identify different sources of pollution and the associate pollutants
4.5.2 Describe the effects of air, land, water and space pollution on
the environment and human health.
4.5.3 Describe the different pollution control technologies and their
application.
4.5.4 Explain the link between pollution and climate change
4.6 LEGISLATION
22
4.6.1 Identify and be familiar with sections of the
following pieces of legislation.
 Environmental Management Act (CAP 20:27)
 Public Health ACT ( CAP 15:17)
 Sewage, effluent regulations
4.6.2 Application of relevant sections of the legislation in relation to

sanitation.
PRACTICALS
- Visit sewage treatment plant
- Effluent sampling ,analysis and results interpretation
- Visit and report on waste management facility, recycling centres and
incinerators
- Visit landfill sites, ottoway pits,septic tanks
- Visit water treatment plant
- Visit waste water treatment plant
- Collect and analyse water samples
- Investigate and write reports on environmental pollution
- Siting and construction of sewage and water treatment
- Measure COD and BOD and interpret results
- Practice household water treatment and storage
- Write look and learn visits reports
5.0ASSESSMENT SCHEME
Subject Written Continuous Assessment Weighting

Examinations 40% 60%
SANITATION 3 hour paper A minimum of: 100%
2 Tests 20%
2 Assignments20%
2 Practicals 20%

Topic Weighting %
1. General Hygiene 15
2. Waste Management 20
3. Water 25
4. Environmental Pollution 10
5. Sanitation Options and Technologies 20
23
6. Legislation 10
TOTAL 100
6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Adams, J., Managing Water Supply and Sanitation in Emergencies. Oxford:

Oxfam.
Bartram, J., Lewis, K., Lenton, R. and Wright, A., 2005. Focusing on improved
water and sanitation for health. The Lancet, 365(9461), pp.810-812.
Battersby, S. ed., 2016. Clay's handbook of environmental health. Routledge.
Environmental management act(CAP 20:27), GoZ
Public Health Act ( CAP 15:17) , GoZ
Morgan Peter (1989) .The Blair latrine Builders Manual
SUBJECT: COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES
DURATION: 120 HOURS
At the end of the course the trainee should be able to apply appropriate methods
to prevent and control communicable and non-communicable diseases.
By the end of the subject the trainee should be able to:
2.1 classify communicable diseases appropriately
24
2.2 classify non-communicable diseases (NCDs) appropriately.
2.3 articulate the epidemiological triad.
2.4 explain host-agent-environment relationships
2.5 apply preventive and control measures.
2.6 describe the recognition and control of communicable diseases.
2.7 describe the recognition and control of non-communicable diseases.
3.0 TOPICS
Classification of communicable diseases
Classification of non-communicable diseases
Preventive and control measures
Recognition and Control of communicable Disease
Recognition and Control of non-communicable diseases
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
4.1.1 identification of named diseases
4.1.2 classification of the communicable diseases
4.1.3 distribution of communicable diseases (e.g geographic,
demographic and social occurrence).
4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
4.2.1 identification of named diseases
4.2.2 classification of the communicable diseases
4.2.3 distribution of communicable diseases (eg geographic, demographic
and social occurrence).
4.3 RECOGNITION AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Discuss the following communicable diseases under the following headings:
 Signs and symptoms
 Causative agent
 Incubation period
 Mode of transmission
 Life cycle
 Control and prevention
 Risk factors (environmental and social)
 Effects of communicable diseases (economic, social and
environmental)
4.3.1 Water borne Diseases
25
Dysentery, amoebiasis, cholera, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis, viral
hepatisis, rota virus, and salmonellosis
4.3.2 Vector borne diseases
Malaria, yellow fever, typhus fever, trypanosomiasis, lymphatic
filariasis, plague and bilharzia (schistosomiasis).
4.3.3 Air borne diseases
Common cold, pneumonia, meningitis, measles, whooping cough,
diphtheria, rubella, Tuberculosis (pulmonary, extra pulmonary, multi-
drug resistance) and mumps any other emerging diseases e.g corona
virus eg COVID-19
4.3.4 Contact diseases
Gonorrehoea, syphillis, chanchroid, HIV/AIDS, trichomoniasis,
lymphogranuloma, eye infection, conjunctivitis, trachoma, tinea
infections, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies and eczema.
4.3.5 Chronic diseases
Leprosy, herpes , HIV etc.
4.3.6 Parasitic Diseases
Ascariasis,toxocariasis,Taeniasis,fasciolasis,ancylomiasis,enterobiasis,
tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea inguum, tinea carpitis, trichinellosis,
malaria, schistosomiasis
4.3.7 Viral haemorrhagic Fevers, Ebola fever, H1N1

4.3.8 Discuss the following zoonotic diseases: Rabies, anthrax and
brucellosis; and tetanus.
4.3.9 Describe transmission and control measures of the following
- amoebic dysentery)
- giardiasis
- covered under parasitic diseases in parasitology
4.4 RECOGNITION AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES
Discuss the following under non-communicable diseases:
4.4.1 Identification
Cancers (HPV cervical, prostate, skin, lung), hypertension, Diabetes
(type 1 and 2), malnutrition
4.4.2 Risk factors (environmental and social)
4.4.3 Prevention and control
4.4.4 Effects of NCDs (economic, social and environmental)
PRACTICALS
 Identification of both communicable and non-communicable diseases

 Develop checklist for disease investigation
 Carryout disease outbreak investigation
 Practise Linelisting of cases
 Review chronic diseases registers and summarise
 Identification of risk factors and recommend corrective measures
 Disease outbreak report writing

26
SUBJECT WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN
COMMUNICABL 3 hour paper A minimum of:

E DISEASES 2 Tests 20%
100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Practicals …..20%
TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING

NO.
1. Classification of communicable diseases 15
2. Classification of non-communicable diseases 15
3. Preventive control and measures 20
4. Recognition and Control of communicable 30

diseases
5. Recognition and Control of non-communicable 20

diseases
TOTAL 100

Benenson.S Abraham 1991 Control of Communicable diseases in man 5th edition
Sofoluwe, G.O. (1985) Principles and Practice of Iban Caxton

and Bennett, F.J. Community Health in Africa. Nigeria Press
SUBJECT: MICROBIOLOGY
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM OF THE SUBJECT:
By the end of the course the trainee should be able to classify, describe and institute
appropriate control measures for all disease causing micro-organism.
At the end of the course the trainee should be able to:

27
 Classify micro-organisms.
 Describe the characteristics of microorganisms
 Illustrate cell structure and function.
 Explain microbial ecology
 Explain sterilisation and disinfection.
 Explain modes of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents.
 Explain the infective process
 Distinguish the various forms of the body’s immune system.
3.0 TOPICS
3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
- BACTERIA
- VIRUS
- ALGAE
- FUNGI
- PROTOZOA
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (PROKARYOTE AND EUKARYOTE)
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION
ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
INFECTIVE PROCESS
IMMUNITY
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 CLASSIFY MICRO-ORGANISMS
4.1.1 Discuss the history of microbiology.
4.1.2 Classify the following organisms by type:
 Bacteriology -bacteria
 Algaelogy -algae
 Virology -virus
 Protozology- protozoa
 Mycology –fungi
4.1.3 BACTERIA
28
4.1.3.1Discuss bacteria under the following headings
 Classification
 Common characteristics:
 morphology (cocci, bacilli, spirals, vibro)
 physiology
 biochemical reactions
 reproduction
4.1.4 VIRUS
4.1.4.1 Discuss the discovery of viruses.
4.1.4.2 Discuss the general structure of a virus
4.1.4.3 Classify viruses based on range of capsid and structures.
4.1.4.4 Explain the replication in host cells.
4.1.4.5 Discuss the transmission of viruses.
4.1.4.6 Discuss the importance of virus as disease causative agents.
4.1.5 ALGAE
4.1.5.1 Describe the structure
4.1.5.2 Discuss the mode of nutrition
4.1.5.3 Discuss the importance of algae on rivers and lakes
4.1.6 FUNGI
4.1.6.1 Classify the various types of fungi
4.1.6.2 Explain the structure of cells
4.1.6.3 Discuss the mycelia anatomy and physiology
4.1.6.4 Discuss fungi as disease causative agents
4.1.6.5 Discuss the importance of fungi in the deterioration of
paint, wood, paper and tiles.
4.1.7 PROTOZOA
4.1.7.1 Classify protozoa
4.1.7.2 Discuss the anatomy and physiology of protozoa.
4.1.7.3 Explain the importance of protozoa in disease causation.
4.2 CHARASTERISTICS OF MICROORGANISMS

29
- Minute
- Metabolism
- Morphology
- Reproduction
- Physiology
4.2.2 Discuss the growth of microorganisms
phases of growth ( (lag, exponential, stationery and decline)
4.2.3 Discuss the factors affecting growth:
 moisture
 temperature
 nutrients
 aeration
 osmotic pressure
 pH
4.3 CELL STRUCTURE
4.3.1 Describe the ultra structure of bacterial cell.
4.3.2 Describe the ultra structure of plant and animal cell.
4.3.3 Discuss the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
4.4 MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
4.4.1 Explain the importance of the following microorganisms in the
 Environment
 Industry
 Medical field
 Food industry
4.5 STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION
4.5.1 Define sterilization and disinfection.
4.5.2 Discuss sterilization and modes of action under the following headings:
Physical agents
 Heat (a) Moist
(b) Dry
 Filtration
 Ultrasonic vibrations
 Ultraviolet
 Infrared
Chemicals agents: -
30
 Halogen
 Aldehydes
 Alcohols
 Phenol
 Disinfections
4.5.3 Identify various disinfectants used
4.6 ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT
4.6.1 Define antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents
4.6.2 Identify types of antibiotics and modes of action
4.6.3 Explain resistance of bacteria to antibiotics
4.6.4 Discuss the control and the use of antibiotics
4.7 INFECTIVE PROCESS
4.7.1 Explain infective process
4.7.2 Explain the relationship between dosage, virulence, resistance and susceptibility
and infective process
4.8 IMMUNITY
4.8.1 Define the term immunity
4.8.2 Discuss the following:
- non acquired
- naturally acquired
- artificially acquired
PRACTICALS
1. Care and use of microscope
2. Sterilization of media and materials
3. Inoculation of media with culture (streaking, spread and pour plate)
4. Aseptic techniques – transfer of culture to sterile medium
5. Loading and operation of ovens, autoclaves
6. Identification of sterility indicators
7. Demonstrate sensitivity testing
8. Practise food sampling, food inspection, surface sampling
9 Analyse food samples and interpret the results
SUBJECT AND CODE WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTING

EXAMINATIONS 40% ASSESSMENT 60%
MICROBIOLOGY 3 hour paper A minimum of:
31
2 Tests 20% 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Practicals …..20%
6.0 SPECIFICATION GRID
Topic no Topic Weighing

1 Classification of microorganism 10
2 Characteristics of microorganisms 20
3 Cell structure and function 10
4 Microbial ecology 10
5 Sterilization and disinfection 20
6 Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents 10
7 Infective process 10
8 Immunity 10
TOTAL 100
1. Mahon, C.R., Lehman, D.C. and Manuselis, G., 2018. Textbook of diagnostic
microbiology-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2. Vasanthakumari, R., 2016. Textbook of microbiology. Wolters kluwer india Pvt
Ltd.
3. Aneja, K.R., 2008. A textbook of Basic and Applied Microbiology. New Age
International.
SUBJECT: HEALTH COMMUNICATION
DURATION: 80 HOURS
1.0 AIM:
The aim of the subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and attitudes of
Health Communication.
By the end of the course the trainee should be able to:
2.1 Demonstrate communication skills in the promotion of Environmental Health.
2.2 Articulate the communication cycle.
32
2.3 Describe the types of communication.
2.4 Identify communication media.
2.5 Apply appropriate language in communication.
2.6 Exhibit report writing skills.
2.7 Organise meetings.
2.8 Conduct community diagnosis appropriately.
2.9 Practice the appropriate teaching and learning methods.
2.10 Explain primary health care.
2.11 Describe the principles of management.
2.12 Practice appropriate office etiquette.
2.13 Explain the principles of public relations.
2.14 Describe the structure, roles and functions of Central Government.
2.15 Describe the structure, roles and functions of Local Government.
2.16 Demonstrate health promotion and education skills
3.0 TOPICS
Health Communication
Communication Cycle
Types of Communication
Communication Media
Language in Communication
Report Writing
Meetings
Community Diagnosis
Teaching and Learning Process
Primary Health Care
Principles of Management
33
Office Practice
Public Relations and customer care
Central Government Structure
Organisation of Local Government
Health promotion and education
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 HEALTH COMMUNICATION
4.1.1 Define health communication
4.1.2 Discuss the importance of effective health communication
4.2 COMMUNICATION CYCLE
4.2.1 Discuss the stages in the communication cycle.
4.2.2 Identify communication barriers and methods to overcome the barriers
4.2.3 Determine factors influencing effective communication
4.3 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
4.3.1 Discuss the various types of communication
- Verbal
- Non- verbal
4.3.2 Identify situations where each type is most suitable
4.3.3 Discuss business communication
4.3.4 Identify the structure of a business organization.
4.3.5 Describe the following types of business communication.
- Formal
- Informal
4.3.6 Classify business letters.
4.3.7 Describe the different types of letters in business communication.
4.3.8 Practice writing different types of letters
4.3.9 Attend a business meeting
4.3.10 Compile curriculum vitae

34
4.3.11 Discuss management communication
4.3.12 Describe the structure and the lines of communication.
4.3.13 Define the roles of the different personnel in the line of communication.
4.3.14 Explain the roles of the workers committees/ unions in relation to the
management structure.
4.3.15 Discuss the role of bureaucracy in management communication.
4.3.16 Discuss conflict management methods
4.4 COMMUNICATION MEDIA
4.4.1 Analyse various communication media and their application.
- Print
- Electronic
4.4.2 Identify the merits and demerits of different communication media
4.5 LANGUAGE IN COMMUNICATION
Apply appropriate style in communication.
- Culture
- Protocol
- Tradition
- Mores
- Norms
- Folklore
-language
4.6 REPORT WRITING
4.6.1 Define a report
4.6.2 Classify reports
4.6.3 Describe the application of the different types of reports.
4.6.4 Design a report format.
4.6.5 Compile a report using the relevant format.
4.7 MEETINGS
35
4.7.1 Explain the two types of meetings.
-Formal
- informal
4.7.2 Define the roles of committee members.
- Chairman
- Secretary
- Treasurer
-Committee member
4.7.3 Explain the steps necessary in organising meetings.
- Notice
- Agenda
- Minutes
- Quorum
- Convene a meeting using the relevant procedures.
- Give a report of the meeting.
4.8 COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
4.8.1 Discuss on identification of local leadership
4.8.2 Explain needs assessment.
4.8.3 Analyse community organisation in relation to:
- Culture
- Taboos
- Tradition
- Norms
- Mores
- Folklores
- Languages
4.9 TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

36
4.9.1 Discuss the various teaching and learning theories.
4.9.2 Discuss the following teaching methods:
- lecture
- drama
- demonstration
- role play
- PHHE
- Song
- Counselling
- Group discussion
-e learning
4.9.3 Describe the teaching and learning aids and their advantages and disadvantages.
4.9.4 Explain the preparation of lesson plans
4.9.5 Outline key aspects in organising Health Education Campaign.
4.10 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
4.10.1 Define Primary Health Care.
4.10.2 Discuss the principles of Primary Health Care
4.10.3 Discuss the history of Primary Health Care.
4.10.4 Explain the components of PHC
4.10.5 Discuss the role of an EHT in Health Communication.
4.11 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
4.11.1 Explain basic management
4.11.2 Describe and apply the following management functions:
- Planning
- Organising
- Leading
- Controlling
4.11.3 Analyse management problems and advance possible solutions.

37
4.11.4 Management Styles
- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Transitional
- Pseudo-democratic
- Laissez faire
4.11.5 Characteristics of a good leader
4.12 OFFICE PRACTICE
4.12.1 Discuss an ideal office set up
4.12.2 Discuss the design of work plan
4.12.3 Discuss the proper office etiquette (Code of conduct)
4.13 PUBLIC RELATIONS AND CUSTOMER CARE
4.13.1 define public relations

4.13.2 outline forms of public relations (employee relations; community relations;
media relations; government relations
4.13.3 outline the types of public relations (advertising; publicity; public diplomacy;
annual reports
4.13.4 outline the qualities of public officer
4.13.5 Analyse principles of human relations
4.13.6 Profile ideal public official.
4.13.7 Discuss professional ethics
4.13.8 Customer Care
- Define customer care
- Identify benefits of good customer care
4.14 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
4.14.1 Identify the provisions of the constitution with regards to central government
structure.
4.14.2 Discuss the three tier system of government and their functions.
- Executive
- Legislature
38
- Judiciary
4.14.3 Analyse the three levels of government
- Central Government
- Provincial Government
- District
4.15 ORGANISATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
4.15.1 Discuss local government authority structures
- Municipalities
- Town councils
- Town Boards
- Rural Districts Councils
-Area boards
4.15.2 Explain the relationship between Central Government and Local Government.
4.15.3 Discuss the intra, inter and extra governmental relations and their impact on
environmental health programmes.
4.15.4 Structure of Environmental Health Department & Health Legislation.
4.15.5 Discuss the levels of the Environmental Health Department in the Ministry of
Health and Child Welfare and local authorities.
4.15.6 Discuss the purpose of legislation
4.15.7 Explain the major aspects of health legislation
4.15.8 Discuss the UN structure as well as its organisations such as WHO and UNICEF
4.16 HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION
4.16.1 Define the following:
-Health education
-Health promotion
4.16.2 Discuss the following steps in community advocacy
 Problem identification
 Objective formulation
 Compile data
39
 Identify target audience
 Formulate messages
PRACTICALS
 Practice writing health education reports.

 Practice writing different types of business letters
 Attend business meetings and write minutes
 Develop health education plan
 Practice health education.
 Conduct awareness campaigns
 Conduct community sensitisation
 Conduct community diagnosis
 Develop, package and distribute (IEC) information communication and
education materials
SUBJECT AND CODE WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN

HEALTH 3 hour paper A minimum of:
COMMUNICATION 2 Tests 20% 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Practicals 20%
5.0 SPECIFICATION GRID
Topic no Topic Weighting 100%

1 HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND 10
COMMUNICATION CYCLE
2 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION, 20
COMMUNICATION MEDIA AND LANGUAGE
IN COMMUNICATION
3 REPORT WRITING AND MEETINGS 15
4 COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS, TEACHING AND 15
LEARNING PROCESSES,
5 PRIMARY HEALTHCARE AND PRINCIPLES 15
OF MANAGEMENT
6 OFFICE PRACTICE AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 10
7 CENTRAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 15
STRUCTURES AND ORGANISATIONS
TOTAL 100
7.0 REFERENCE BOOKS
Cottrell, R.R., Girvan, J.T., McKenzie, J.F. and Seabert, D., 2012. Principles &
40
foundations of health promotion and education.
DeVito, J.A., 2013. Interpersonal Communication Book, The, 13/E. New York, NY:
United.
Green, L.W. and Kreuter, M.W., 2005. Health program planning: An educational and
ecological approach (pp. 227-253). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Martin, J.N. and Nakayama, T.K., 2013. Intercultural communication in contexts. New
York: NY: McGraw-Hill.
Naidoo, J. and Wills, J., 2000. Health promotion: foundations for practice. Elsevier
Health Sciences
World Health Organization, 2008. Primary health care. Geneva, Switzerland
SUBJECT TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DURATION: 80 HOURS
To apply computer skills in Environmental Health.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end the subject the students will be able to:
2.1 Describe the basic architecture of Computer.
2.2 Outline the different Operating Systems
2.3 Use the different Software applications.
2.4 Install and use the different peripheral devices
2.5 Use Network and Internet.
3.0 Topics
Fundamentals
Basic Architecture
Peripherals and Accessories
Operating System
Software Applications
41
Computer Management
File Management
Network and Internet
Health, Safety and Environment
Security, Copyright and Legal Aspects
4.0 Content
4.1 Fundamentals
4.1.1 Evolution of Computer
4.1.2 Classification of computers
 Operation
 Analog and Digital
 Uses of Computer
 General purpose
 Specific purpose
 Capacity
 Main Frame computer
 Mini computer
 Personal computer
 Super computer
 Notebook /laptop / palm top / PDA
4.2 Basic Architecture

4.2.1 Building blocks of a PC
 Block diagram - Input /Output, processor, memory and bus
 Central Processing Unit
 286, 386 and 486 processors
 Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV, Core 2 Duo
 Data lines, address lines and registers
4.2.2 Memory devices
4.2.3 Input Devices
 Describe the following input devices
 keyboard,
 mouse,
 trackball,
 bar code reader,
 microphone,
 scanner,
 digital camera,
 web camera,
 joystick,
 graphic tablet,
 light pen,
 digitizer,
 MICR, OCR, OMR,
 Magnetic stripe reader,
 remote control,
 sensors, touch screen,
42
 numeric keypad
 Identify areas of application of input devices
4.2.4 Output devices
 Describe the following output devices
 monitors – types of monitors (LCD, TFT, LED, Plasma, HD)
 printers – impact and non-impact (laser and desk jet), braille
printers
 plotters
 projectors
 Identify areas of application of output devices
4.2.5 The storage devices
 Describe the following Computer Storage
 Main storage (ROM and RAM)
 Describe the following Storage devices
 backing/ secondary/ external/ auxiliary storage (Hard disk
(internal and external), CDs (CDR, CDRW), DVDs (DVDWR,
DVDR), magnetic tape, memory sticks, Blu-ray disk, memory
cards and flash disks, solid state storage
 online storage (cloud computing)
 Identify areas of application of storage devices
 Differentiate between Main storage and backing storage.
 Outline factors to consider when buying computer hardware.
4.3 Peripherals and Accessories

4.3.1 Printers
 Different printing technologies
 Comparison in terms of quality, cost and performance
 Printer Sharing in Network Environment
 Installation guidelines
4.3.2 Scanner
 Different types of scanners available
 Installation Guidelines
4.3.3 Mouse
 Mechanical and Optical Mouse
4.3.4 CD-R/W/Optical Drive/Tape Drive
 Operating principles
 Concepts of Backup
4.4 Operating System
4.4.1 Definition and Classification
4.4.2 Functions of OS
4.4.3 DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux, and OS/2
4.5 Software Applications
4.5.1 Define software
4.5.2 Classify computer software
4.5.3 Systems Software
 Explain the main features and functions of
- Operating systems
- Utility software
- Development software
- Explain multiprocessing, multiprogramming, multitasking,
timesharing
43
4.5.4 Word Processor
 Features in different word processing packages
 Formatting documents
 Uses
4.5.5 Spreadsheet
 Features in different word Spreadsheet packages
 Formatting documents
 Uses
4.5.6 Database
 Features in different database packages
 Tables and fields
 Uses
4.5.7 Desktop publishing Application
4.5.8 Multimedia Applications
4.5.9 Graphics
 Features in different graphics, page layouts
 Image editing
 File extensions
 Uses
4.5.10 Features in different medical laboratory Software Packages
4.5.11 Evaluate sources of software
- Off-the-shelf
- In-house
- Freeware and shareware
- Outsourcing
4.5.12 Outline criteria for selecting application software
4.6 Computer Management
4.6.1 Operate the computer, starting, restarting and shutting down.
4.6.2 View computers basic system information e.g. operating system,
processor type, RAM and speed.
4.6.3 Set-up desktop configuration, screen, background options etc.
4.6.4 Format secondary storage devices
4.6.5 Use the help facility
4.6.6 Outline the duties of data processing personnel
4.7 File Management
4.7.1 Create folders and icons.
4.7.2 Work with icons, windows, directories/folders.
4.7.3 Move, copy and delete files and folders.
4.7.4 Print management
− Print from an installed printer
− Change default printer from the printer from the printer list.
− View print jobs and progress.

4.7.5 Define database
4.7.6 Differentiate between traditional file system and database system
4.7.7 Discuss database models (network, relational, hierarchical)
4.7.8 Explain file organisation methods
4.8 Network and Internet
44
Network
4.8.1 Define data communication and computer networks
4.8.2 State advantages and disadvantages of using computer networks
4.8.3 Outline data transmission media and connectivity devices
4.8.4 Explain data transmission modes (simplex, half duplex, full duplex)
4.8.5 Discuss network types and topologies
 LAN, MAN, WAN
 Topologies: Bus, Ring and Star
Internet
4.8.6 Define the term Internet
4.8.7 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet
4.8.8 Distinguish between Internet and World Wide Web.
4.8.9 Explain applications of the Internet
4.8.10 Emerging technologies; robotics, GIS, GPS, artificial intelligence, e.t.c
4.9 Health, Safety and Environment
4.9.1 Outline ergonomic tips for computer users
4.9.2 Describe health effects associated with prolonged and inappropriate
computer use and measures to reduce the effects
4.9.3 Outline the requirements of an ideal computer room environment
4.9.4 List safety precautions when using a computer
4.10 Security, Copyright and Legal Aspects
4.10.1 Outline threats to computers systems and ways of preventing them
4.10.2 Define data security
4.10.3 Computer crime
 Define computer crime
 Identify types of computer crime
 Suggest possible measures to combat computer crime
4.10.4 Malicious software
 Define malicious software
 Identify types of malicious software
 Explain how malicious software spreads
 Suggest measures against malicious software
 Outline symptoms of malicious software attack
PRACTICALS
1. WORD PROCESSING
1.1 Load program / Word processor
1.2 Create a new document.
1.3 Manipulate text
 Insert text
 Copy text
 Delete text
 Move text
 Replace text
 Underline text
 Align text
 Centre
 Left align
45
 Right align
 Justify
 Embolden text
 Perform drop cap
1.4 Perform mail merge
1.5 Change line spacing
1.6 Change margins
1.7 Change font style and size
1.8 Find and replace
1.9 Insert page numbers
1.10 Format document
2. SPREADSHEETS PACKAGE
2.1 Load the program
2.2 Create a spreadsheet
2.3 Cursor manipulation
2.4 Using the Help facility.
2.5 Enter text
2.6 Apply/replicate formulae.
2.7 Insert columns and rows, delete columns and rows.
2.8 Save the spreadsheet (file)
2.9 Print spreadsheet or specified window
2.10 Retrieve spreadsheet
2.11 Insert charts
3. DATABASE
1.1 Load program
1.2 Set up files containing alphabetic and numeric fields within the record
1.3 Enter data
1.4 Add records, delete records.
1.5 Edit records
1.6 Sort records by a key field.
1.7 Search records by a key field.
1.8 Print selected fields.
1.9 Create queries and reports
1.10 Search on more than one criteria, produce printouts
4. PRESENTATION
1.1 Load a presentation program.
1.2 Create a new slide.
1.3 Edit a slide
1.4 Add new slides
1.5 Create a slide show
1.6 Move around slides, delete and edit layout.
1.7 Work with Master Slide.
1.8 Print a presentation
SUBJECT MODE OF ASSESSMENT TOTAL
EXAMINATION CONTINUOUS
WEIGHTING 40% ASSESSMENT 60%
Computers 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
46
● 2 practical assignments
– 20%
● 2 theory assignments –
20%
2 tests – 20%

Topic Weighting
Fundamentals 10
Basic Architecture 15
Peripherals and Accessories 5
Operating System 5
Software Applications 20%
Computer Management 10
File Management 10
Network and Internet 10
Health, Safety and Environment 10
Security, Copyright and Legal Aspects 5
TOTAL 100%
SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
Tremblay J & 201 An Introduction to McGraw- Johannesbur

Burnt R 5 Computer Science An Hill Book g
Algorithmic Approach
Anderson R.G. 199 Data Processing –

9 Information and
Systems
Doyle S 200 Information Systems for Stanley UK

0 You Thorns
47
Publishers
United Nations 200 @ ease with e-mail: A United Paris/New

& Friedrich 5 handbook on using Nations/ York
Ebert electronic mail for Friedrich
Stiftung NGOs in Developing Ebert
countries Foundation
48
SUBJECT: EPIDEMIOLOGY
DURATION: 120 Hours
1.0 AIM:
The aim of the subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and
attitudes of Epidemiology.

By the end of the course, the student should be able to undertake research in the
communities for the planning, implementation and evaluation of health care.
3.0 TOPICS
OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
ESSENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
HOST-AGENT RELATIONSHIPS
DATA COLLECTION, ORGANISATION, PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY TYPES
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION
RELEVANT LEGISLATION
STATISTICS
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
4.1.1 Define epidemiology
4.1.2 Discuss the history of epidemiology
4.1.3 Outline the uses of epidemiology
4.1.4 Discuss the major achievements of epidemiology
4.1.5. Describe application of epidemiology
4.2 ESSENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

4.2.1. Define demography
4.2.2 Describe the application of demography
4.2.3 Enumerate and explain the key components of demography
4.2.4 Describe the parameters of the ecological model.
4.2.5 State sources of demographic data
4.2.6 Construct population pyramids
4.2.7 Explain population pyramids
4.2.8 Discuss life span and life expectancy
4.2.9 Outline disease causation and predisposing factors
4.2.10 Outline stages in disease progression
4.2.11 Describe population at risk
4.2.12 Explain quarantine/isolation
4.2.13 Describe herd immunity
4.3 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

4.3.1 Explain interrelationships of the components of the epidemiological triad
 Host
 Environment
49
 Agent
4.3.2 Describe levels of disease prevention
4.3.3 Outline Level 4 infection control procedures
4.4 DATA COLLECTION, ORGANISATION, ANALYSIS AND

PRESENTATION
4.4.1 Discuss the following data collection techniques and tools:

-Techniques ( Focus group discussion, Review of records, Interviewing, Observation)
-Tools (T-Series, Questionnaires, observation checklist, Discussion guides, Checklist)
4.4.2 Discuss disease surveillance systems in place at various levels

4.4.3 Describe disease surveillance studies and surveys
4.4.4 Outline notifiable diseases in Zimbabwe
4.4.5 Describe disease notification procedures
4.4.6 Describe health information management in a district
4.4.7 Explain the DHIS 2 system
4.4.7 Demonstrate the design and use of spot maps
4.4.8 Describe the T-Series
4.5 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY TYPES

4.5.1 Describe the following:
-cross sectional studies/prevalence studies
- retrospective studies
-prospective studies
4.5.2 Enumerate sources of bias and describe ways of controlling them
4.5.3 Discuss ethical issues in epidemiological studies
4.6 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION

4.6.1 Discuss functions of Environmental Health Practitioners
4.6.2 Outline the scope of disease prevention
4.6.3 Explain screening
4.6.4 Describe disease outbreak investigation procedures
4.6.5 Describe an emergency preparedness and response plan
4.7 RELEVANT LEGISLATION

Outline and apply sections of the pieces of legislation required for disease
prevention and control
4.8 STATISTICS
4.8.1 Outline the importance of statistics in epidemiological studies
4.8.2 Construct and use frequency distribution tables to present
epidemiological data
4.8.3 Construct graphs, bar graphs, pie charts and pictograms to present
epidemiological data and interpret them
4.8.4 Calculate the following from the given epidemiological data

 ratios,
 Rates
 measures of central tendency
 measures of dispersion
50
PRACTICALS
 Case study: Identify population at risk in the field and use tools to
determine disease burdens
 Identify and visit isolation facilities
 Carry out disease investigations
 Practice the design and use of data collection tools
 Practice the design and use of spot maps
 Apply skills and techniques in disease prevention and control in the
field
 Formulate epidemic preparedness response plans (EPR)
 Donning and Doffing of Level 4 PPE
SUBJECT WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTING

EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT 60%
40%
Epidemiology 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
2 Practicals 20%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20%
Topic Number Topic Weighting %

1 Essential epidemiological concepts 10
2 Host-agent relationships 10
3 Data collection, organisation, presentation , 25
analysis and interpretation
4 Epidemiological study types 15
5 Epidemiological administration 15
6 Relevant legislation 10
7 Statistics 15
Total 100
7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE
Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern epidemiology (Vol. 3).
Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Szklo, M., & Nieto, F. J. (2014). Epidemiology: beyond the basics. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers.
Lilienfeld, D. E., Lilienfeld, A. M., & Stolley, P. D. (1994). Foundations of

epidemiology. Oxford University Press, USA.
51
SUBJECT: FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE
DURATION: 150 HOURS
1.0 AIM:
The aim of the subject is to develop an Environmental Health Technician with

the knowledge, skills and attitudes of food quality.

By the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:
 explain quality assurance and Risk analysis
 establish changes that may occur in food
 apply food storage techniques
 identify food pests
 carryout food inspection
 apply food sampling techniques
 design food premises
 elaborate on code of practice of food handlers
 discuss cleaning objectives and procedures in food premises
 describe the various types of food processing
 apply various hygiene processes involved in milk processing
 describe significance and brief description of food borne
diseases
 discuss the application of Food Quality Management Systems
3.0 TOPICS
Quality Assurance and Risk analysis
Changes that may occur in food
Food storage
Food pests
Food inspection
Food sampling
Food Premises Design
Personnel in Food Processing Plant
Cleaning
Food Processing and Distribution
Milk Hygiene
Food Poisoning
Food Quality Management Systems
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RISK ANALYSIS
4.1.1 Explain terms used in food quality.
- Food
- Food hygiene
- Food safety
- Food security
- Food quality
- Risk
52
- Risk analysis
4.1.2 Discuss the importance of food hygiene.
4.1.3 Describe the function of quality assurance in manufacturing and service
of food
4.1.4 Discuss setting, purchase and manufacturing specifications
4.1.5 Carry out food inspection and testing
4.1.6 Outline food sampling procedure
4.1.7 Operate food quality control systems.
4.1.8 application of risk based food inspection approaches
4.2 CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN FOOD
4.2.1 Explain food contamination, food spoilage and adulteration.
4.2.2 Discuss desirable and undesirable changes that may occur in food.
4.2.3 Identify the sources, types and stages of food contamination.
4.3 FOOD STORAGE

4.3.1 Discuss the classification of food according to shelf-life.
4.3.2 Describe high risk and low risk foods.
4.3.3 Describe cold storage and dry storage.
4.4 FOOD PESTS

4.4.1 Classify food pests.
4.4.2 Discuss infestation and its effects on food
4.4.3 Describe pest control programmes at food premises.
4.5 FOOD INSPECTION

4.5.1 Explain food inspection.
4.5.2 Discuss importance of food inspection.
4.5.3 Describe food inspection procedure and types for various food
inspection
4.5.4 Identify legislation to be used during inspection
4.6 FOOD SAMPLING

4.6.1 Explain food sampling
4.6.2 Discuss the importance and types of sampling.
4.6.3 Interpret food analysis results.
4.7 FOOD PREMISES DESIGN

4.7.1 Describe factors to be considered when siting food premises
4.7.2 Discuss design of food premises in relation to food contamination
4.7.3 Describe the procedure used in food premises inspection
4.8 PERSONNEL IN FOOD PROCESSING PLANT

4.8.1 Discuss the code of practice of food handlers and its application
4.8.2 Discuss legislation affecting food handlers
4.9 CLEANING
4.9.1 Discuss importance of cleaning in food premises
4.9.2 Identify cleaning agents
4.9.3 Discuss surface sampling
4.9.4 Describe cleansing procedures and schedules in food premises
4.9.5 Interpret surface sampling results
53
4.10 FOOD PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION
4.10.1 Describe the following types of food processing, preparation and
preservation
 Cold storage.
 Freezing.
 Vacuum packaging.
 Canning. ...
 Drying. ...
 Fermentation. ...
 Irradiation
4.10.2 Explain methods and types of packaging and distribution
4.10.3 Discuss food additives.
4.10.4 explain prohibited substances
4.10.5 Explain food fortification.
4.10.6 Discuss food hygiene management
4.11 MILK HYGIENE

4.11.1 Explain milk hygiene
4.11.2 Identify milk animals
4.11.3 Describe requirements of a milking parlour
4.11.4 Discuss the milking process
4.11.5 Identify sources of milk contamination
4.11.6 Identify milk borne infections
4.11.7 Discuss milk storage and preservation
4.11.8 Describe inspection of the following milk products
-Yoghurt
-Sour Milk
-Cheese
-butter
-Powdered milk
-condensed milk
- ice cream
-Sterilised milk
-Pasteurised milk
4.11.9 Milk Sampling
- Discuss the reasons for sampling
- Discuss the types of sampling
- Demonstrate sampling procedures
4.11.10 Milk Testing
- Discuss procedures for milk testing
- Discuss procedures and purpose of pasteurisation and
sterilisation
4.12 FOOD POISONING

4.12.1 Discuss food poisoning diseases
4.12.2 Explain food poisoning
4.12.3 Explain different types of food poisoning and attributing factors
4.12.4 Describe food poisoning investigation
4.12.5 Discuss measures to prevent food poisoning
4.13 FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:

4.13.1 Discuss food quality management systems
54
International Food Code Standards
 Codex Alimentarius
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
 ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems
 ISO 31000: 2018 - Risk Management.
 ISO 9000 - Quality Management.
Regional Standards:
 COMESA
 SADC
 EASTERN, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN (ECSA) STANDARDS
National Standards and legislation
 Public Health Act (CAP15:17)
 Food and food standards Act and Statutory Instruments (15:04)
 Dairy Act(CAP18:08)
 Shop licences act (14:17)
 Minimum Requirements
 Environmental Health Standard Operating Procedures
Voluntary Standards:
 Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
 ZWS ISO 9001: Quality Management Systems Development and
Implementation Series
 ZWS ISO 22000: Food Safety Management Systems Development and
Implementation series
4.13.2 Describe principles and procedures for the following

 Good Agriculture Practice (GAP)
 Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP),
 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP),
 Good Hygiene Practices (GHP),
 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
PRACTICALS
 Develop food square using traditional food stuffs
 Visit a food processing plant (milk parlour /dairy)
 Design a pest /vector control programme
 Practice the following:
- food premise inspection
- food sampling
- food inspection
- surface Swabbing
 Cary out food poisoning investigation
 Visit milking parlour and observe milking process
 Practice milk sampling and simple milk tests
 Visit milk-processing plant
 Design floor plan for food premise
 Design check list for food poisoning investigation and food premises
inspection.
55

EXAMINATION 40% ASSESSMENT 60%
Food 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
Hygiene 2 Practicals 20%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20 %

TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTIN
NUMBE G%
R
1 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RISK 5
ASSESSMENT
2 CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR IN FOOD 10
3 FOOD STORAGE 5
4 FOOD PESTS 5
5 FOOD INSPECTION 10
6 FOOD SAMPLING 10
7 FOOD PREMISES DESIGN 10
8 PERSONNEL IN FOOD PROCESSING PLANT 5
9 CLEANING 5
10 MILK HYGIENE 10
11 FOOD PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION 10
12 FOOD POISONING 5
13 FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 10
Total 100
 Public Health Act (CAP15:17)

 Food and food standards Act and Statutory Instruments (15:04)
 Dairy Act(CAP18:08)
 Shop licences act (14:17)
SUBJECT: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

DURATION: 100 HOURS
1.0 AIM
56
attitudes of Social Psychology.
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME (S)

At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to apply sound principles
of social psychology in the day-to-day environmental health activities.
3.0 TOPICS
DEFINITIONS
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
SOCIAL INSTITUTION
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR
GENDER AND HEALTH
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 DEFINITIONS
Define the following terms:
- sociology
- psychology
- social psychology
- society
- norms
- social group
- mores
- folkways
- values
- customs
- taboos
- traditions
- Culture
4.2 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

Explain the different theories of social psychology and their implication on
health:
 The exchange theory
 The symbolic interactionist theory
 The functionalist theory
 The radical/conflict theory
4.3 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Discuss various social institutions and the roles they play in public health i.e.
 family
 religion
 education
 power, politics and the state
4.4 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

57
Describe the development of personality based on biological, emotional, social
and religious being under the following headings:
o Psychosocial development
o Psychosexual development
o Heredity and environment – effects or personality types
o Defensive mechanism
o The health worker and different personalities
o Attitude formation and development
4.5 SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR
4.5.1 Discuss social pathology and deviant behaviour and the effects on health
Juvenile delinquency
Deviance
4.5.2 Discuss the casual factors and consequences on human health of the
following:
 Drug/ Substance abuse
 Squatting
 Street kids
 Prostitution
4.6 GENDER AND HEALTH

4.6.1 Discuss the following gender-related concepts
 Gender equality
 Gender equity
 Gender blindness
 Gender sensitivity
 Gender awareness
 Gender bias
 Gender rights
 Gender discrimination
 Gender oppression
 Gender based violence (GBV)
 Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA)
4.6.2 Discuss gender mainstreaming in health and health care
4.6.3 Discuss policy and legislation related to gender
PRACTICALS
 Case studies for students
 Field exercises for students
 Community diagnosis

TITLE EXAMINATIONS 40% ASSESSMENT %
60%
SOCIAL 3 HOUR WRITTEN 2 Assignments 20% 100
58
PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 Practicals 20%
2 Tests 20%

Topic Topic Weighting %
number
1 DEFINITIONS 15
2 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES 25
3 SOCIAL INSTITUTION 15
4 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 15
5 SOCIAL PATHOLOGY AND DEVIANT 15

BEHAVIOUR
6 GENDER AND HEALTH 15
TOTAL 100
Butler, J.D. (1986 Four Philosophies and New Harper and Row
) their Practice in Education York
and Religion.
Dube, J. (2000 Social Psychology. Harare MOH & CH

) Module 8 – EHT Diploma Environmental
Conversion Course. Health Department
Haralambos, M. (2000 Sociology: Themes and Harare MOH & CH

) Perspectives. Environmental
Health Department
LandamJohn (1980 Human and Physiology 2nd London Foresman and

Murray, B.R. ) Edition Scott Company
Zvobgo, R.J. (1986 Transforming Education. Harare The College Press

) Pvt Ltd
SUBJECT: PARASITOLOGY AND PEST CONTROL

DURATION: 180 HOURS
1.0 AIM
the knowledge, skills and attitudes of parasites and their control.
59
At the end of the course, the graduate will be able to:
2.1 describe life cycles of different parasite and pests
2.2 prevent and control pests and parasites of medical importance
3.0 TOPICS
Parasitology
Classification of parasites/pests
Structure and life cycles of parasites
Legislation
Integrated Pest Management
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 PARASITOLOGY
Introduction to Parasitology
4.1.1 Describe parasitology
 Pest
 Vector
 vector mapping
 foci mapping
4.1.3 Describe the effects of parasites and pests on human health and the
environment
4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES/PESTS

Discuss classification of parasites
 protozoa
 trematodes
 cestodes
 nematodes
 arthropods
4.3 STRUCTURE AND LIFE CYCLES OF PARASITES

4.3.1 Describe life cycles and control measures of the following:
Protozoa
 Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery)
 Girdia lamblia (dysentery)
 Trypanosomes (sleeping sickness)
 Plasmodia (malaria)
 Leishmania donovani
 Borrelia recurrentis
 Treponema pallidum (general syphilis)
 Leptospira (weils disease)
 Ricketsia (typhus fever)
 Trichomonas vaginalis
 Toxoplasma gondii
Trematodes
 Schistosomes (bilharzia)
 Fasciola hepatica (liver flukes)
60
Cestodes
 Diphylobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)
 Taenia (beef/pork tapeworm)
 Echinococcus granulosus
Nematodes
 Ascaris lumbricoides (hydatid disease)
 Entrobius vermicularis (pinworm)
 Wuchereria bancroft (elephantiasis)
 Dracunculus medinesis (guine worm)
 Oncocerca volvulus (river blindness)
 Stangyloides stercoralis (filarial diarrhoea)
 Necator duodenale (ancylostomiasis)
 Trichianella spiralis (pork trichinosis)
 Trichuris trichiura
Arthropods
 Ticks
 Itchmite
 Lice
 Bedbug
 Fleas (jigger, xenopsylla cheopis)
 Cockroaches
 Housefly
 Mosquitoes
 Tsetse fly
Pests of economic importance

 Ants
 Termites
 Beetles
 Moths
 Rodents
4.4 LEGISLATION
Identify and apply pieces of legislation pertaining to pesticide use and
application
4.5 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

VECTOR AND PEST CONTROL
General Pest Control Measures
4.5.1 Describe the following methods of Integrated pest management
 Physical methods
 Chemical method
 Biological method
 Environmental management measures
Pesticide Application Equipment for Vector Control
 Pesticide application equipment
 Motorised knapsack mist blowers
61
 Thermal joggers
 Household equipment
 Equipment for biological control
 Hand operated comprehensive sprayers
 Aerosol generators
 Dusters
 Aerial spraying equipment
Chemical Safety
4.5.3 Classify pesticides
4.5.4 Discuss the following safety considerations
 choice of chemical
 storage
 application
 disposal of chemical and empty containers
 recognition of poisoning
 First aid
Organisation of Pest Control Activities
4.5.5 Describe the following:
 planning
 implementation
 evaluation of control programmes
PRACTICALS
Carry out the following practicals
 Practise residual spraying.
 Practise rodent control.
 baiting,rodent proofing
 Practise care and maintenance of equipment.
 Practise microscopy
 Practise scooping
 Practise larviciding
 Conduct Bioassays
 Practise Mollusciciding

Parasitology and Pest 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
Control 2 Practicals 20%
605/15/S04 2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20 %

NUMBER %
1 PARASITOLOGY 20
2 CLASSIFICATION OF PARASITES/PESTS 20
3 STRUCTURE AND LIFE CYCLES OF 30
PARASITES
4 LEGISLATION 10
62
5 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 20
Total 100

Keith, P.W.K.M. (1989) New Strategies in

Parasitology
Omar, O.B. (1981) The Immunology of Parasitic

Infections
63
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CODE: 605/21/SO5
DURATION: 150 HOURS
1.0 AIM
The aim of the subject is to develop an Environmental Health Technician with the
knowledge, skills and attitudes of Physical Science.

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
2.1 Define physical science
2.2 apply the principles of physical science in environmental health management.
2.3 relate physical science concepts to environmental health.
mitigate on the negative impacts of the use of chemicals on the environment.
3.0 TOPICS
Introduction to Mechanics
Forces
Work, Energy, Power
Principles of Archimedes
Pressure
Heat
Sound
Light
Electricity
Radioactivity
Machines
Structure of Matter
Chemical Bonding
Chemical Equation
Oxidation
Water
Mixtures and Liquids
Acids and Bases
Organic Chemistry
4.0 CONTENT
PHYSICS
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS

4.1.1 Discuss S.I Units
4.1.2 Explain the difference between vector and scalar quantities and give
examples i.e.
64
 Speed
 Velocity
 Acceleration
 Movement under the influence of gravity
 Weight
 Mass
 Density
 volume
4.2 FORCES
4.2.1 State Hooks Law
4.2.2 Describe force and momentum
4.2.3 State the principles of conservation of momentum
4.2.4 State Newton’s laws of motion
4.2.5 Differentiate between mass and weight
4.2.6 Demonstrate forces using parallelogram of forces
4.2.7 Demonstrate the principle of movements and centre of gravity
4.3 WORK, ENERGY, POWER

Calculate work, energy, power and density
4.4 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHIMEDES

4.4.1State the principles of Archimedes
4.4.2Explain application of the Archimedes principles to a hydrometer in
Environmental Health.
4.5 PRESSURE
4.5.1 Define pressure
4.5.2 Explain the functions of the following:
- Barometer
- Manometer
- Lift pump
- Force pump
- Air pump
4.5.3 Discuss the application of the above devices in environmental health
4.5.4 Explain the following:
- the phenomenon of surface tension
- velocity
- diffusion
- osmosis
65
4.5.5 Discuss the above processes in environmental health
4.6 HEAT
4.6.1 Explain the concept of heat transfer by
- conduction
- convention
- radiation
4.6.2 Describe concept of expansion in solids, liquids and gases
4.6.3 Explain changes of state with reference to latent heat
4.7 SOUND
4.7.1 Discuss sound wave, wavelength , amplitude, frequency and period
4.7.2 Explain the phenomena of the following:
- reflection
- refraction
- interference
- diffraction
4.7.3 Identify occupational hazards relating to sound and protective measures to be

applied
4.8 LIGHT
4.8.1 State the laws of reflection and refraction
4.8.2 Describe the critical angle
4.8.3 Explain the formation of light shadows in light propagation
4.8.4 Describe the electro-magnetic spectrum
4.8.5 Identify occupational hazards relating to light and protective measures to be

applied.
4.9 ELECTRICITY
4.9.1 Identify sources of static electricity
4.9.2 Classify insulators and conductors at a point
4.9.3 Define the principle of induction
4.9.4 Define potential at a point

66
4.9.5 Explain the phenomenon of lightning
4.9.6 State precautionary measures of lightning
4.9.7 Differentiate between alternate and direct current
4.9.8 State the units of electricity
4.9.9 State Ohm’s Law
4.9.10 Discuss resistors in series and parallel
4.9.11 Demonstrate the use of Wheatstone bridge voltmeter and ammeter
4.9.12 Differentiate between primary and secondary cells
4.9.13 Describe the chemical effect on an electrical current (electrolysis)
4.9.14 Explain electro-magnetic induction
4.9.15 Identify occupational hazards related to electricity and safety measures to be

applied.
4.10 RADIOACTIVITY
4.10.1 Discuss the characteristics of radioactivity
4.10.2 Describe the structure and uses of alpha, beta and gamma rays.
4.10.3 Discuss instruments used to measure radioactive material
4.10.4 Explain the measurement of age of buildings and trees using radioactive
material.
4.10.5 Discuss health problems associated with radiation exposure and the various
protective measures.
4.11 MACHINES
- mechanical advantage
- velocity ratios
- efficiency and dynamics
4.11.2 Identify types of levers
4.11.3 Describe friction
4.12 CHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
67
4.12.1 Define and give examples of the following:
- atom
- molecules
- element
- isotopes
- mixtures
- compounds
Chemical bonding
4.12.2 Define and give examples of ionic bonding and covalent
bonding
4.12.3 State the difference between ionic and covalent bonding
4.12.4 Calculate molecular mass
Chemical equation
4.12.5 Derive chemical symbols and balance chemical equations
4.12.6 Describe a chemical equation and give examples
4.12.7 Discuss chemical reactions
Oxidation
4.12.8 Discuss oxygen properties
4.12.9 Demonstrate combustion
4.12.10Describe the uses of oxygen
4.12.11Explain oxidation reactions
Water
4.12.12 Discuss the physical and chemical properties of water
4.12.13 Outline causes of hardness in water
4.12.14 Explain removal of hardness in water
4.12.15 Describe physical and chemical principles involved in water purification
Mixtures and Liquids
4.12.16 Define and give examples of

68
- Solutions
- Solvents other than water
- Solubility properties
- Concentration of solutions
- Isotonic solutions
- Hypotonic and hypertonic solutions
- Suspension
- Colloids
- Emulsions
4.12.17 Compare particle sizes of colloids
4.12.18 Discuss charges in relation to absorption
Acids and Bases
- Properties acids and bases
- Uses of acids and bases
- Different types of salts
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4.12.20 Describe Periodic Table

4.12.21 Discuss physical and chemical properties of Period 3, Group II, Group IV and
Group VII elements
4.12.22 Explain impact of heavy metals to the environment and human health
4.12.23 Describe the general properties of Nitrogen
4.12.24 Discuss different Nitrogen fertilizers and their impact on environment
4.12.25 Explain general properties of Sulphur
4.12.26 Describe the formation of oxides of Sulphur and their impact on the
environment
4.12.27 Outline the formation of acid rain and its impact on the environment
4.12.28 Discuss greenhouse the effect (global warming) and ozone depletion
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4.12.29 Discuss hydrocarbons and halogeno-alkanes.

4.12.30 Describe structure of alcohol
4.12.31 Discuss characteristics of organic acids
4.12.32 Outline functions of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
5.0 PRACTICALS
 Demonstrate measurement of temperature using various types of

thermometers.
 Prepare emulsions, solutions, colloids, suspensions
69
 Carryout acid base titrations
 Measure resistance using a Wheatstone bridge
 Measure potential using a voltmeter
 Measure current using an ammeter
 Practise use of spectrophotometry
 Gravimeter
 Practise use of field test kits for water quality monitoring
 Practise use of rapid analysis kits for food quality monitoring
SUBJECT AND WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN

CODE EXAMINATIONS 40% ASSESSMENT 60% G
PHYSICAL 3 HOUR PAPER A minimum of

SCIENCE 2 Tests - 20%
2 Assignments - 20% 100%
2 Practicals - 20%

NUMBER %
1 INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS 2
2 FORCES 5
3 WORK, ENERGY, POWER, DENSITY 5
4 PRINCIPLES OF ARCHIMEDES 3
5 PRESSURE 5
6 HEAT 8
7 SOUND 6
8 LIGHT 7
9 ELECTRICITY 4
10 RADIOACTIVITY 6
11 MACHINES 7
12 STRUCTURE OF MATTER 8
13 CHEMICAL BONDING 8
14 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 7
15 OXIDATION 3
16 WATER 2
17 MIXTURES AND LIQUIDS 2
18 ACIDS AND BASES 4
19 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4
20 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4
Total 100
70
LandamJohn Murray, B.R. (1980) Human and Physiology 2nd Edition Scott London
Foresman and Company
MacKean, D. & Jones, B. (1999) (1985) Human & Social Biology 2nd Edition
London John Murray
Roberts, M. B.V, (1986) A Functional Approach 4th Edition Surrey Nelsons and
Sobs
71
SUBJECT: RESEARCH METHODS
DURATION: 80 HOURS
1.0 AIM
The subject is designed to equip the student with the ability to undertake research
activities and other enquiries on problems in their work situations or on problems
and opportunities that arise in their environment.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of the subject the trainees should be able to:
2.1 Distinguish the various types of research.
2.2 Present an overview of the research process.
2.3 Develop and test hypothesis on a problem/opportunity.
2.4 Research on a problem/opportunity and present their findings, conclusions and

recommendations.
2.5 Select, explain and justify a research methodology.
2.6 Analyse and present research data.
2.7 Review literature that is relevant to the problem/opportunity that is the subject of
an enquiry
2.8 Orally present and defend/explain in methodology, findings and recommendations

of a research.
2.9 Apply statistical techniques in research.
2.10 Formulate a research design/proposal.
3.0 TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROCESS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
72
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
COMMUNICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
RECOMMENDATIONS
4.0 CONTENT
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 Define research
4.1.2 Explain the purpose of research.
4.1.3 Distinguish the types of research.
4.1.4 Descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental (i.e. semi-experimental)
4.2 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROCESS
4.2.1 The trainee should be introduced to the concept of research process by a

run-down of the major activities listed below:
- Problem/opportunity definition.
- Preliminary studies (include desk research)
- Development of hypothesis.
- Statement of aims, objectives, limitations and delimitations
- Review of literature
- Designing a research proposal
- Deciding on a methodology and justifying it.
- Analyse data from the research
- Interpret the data
- Formulate recommendations based on findings and conclusions.
- present the research results.
4.2.2 The overview should enable the trainee to focus on the aims and
objectives of the research theory.
4.3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

4.3.1 Discussion of the activities involved in the identification/definition of
the problem.
- Preliminary review
- Case study
- Depth studies and problem audits
- Experience surveys and second opinion.
- Use of secondary data
- Background analysis
4.3.2 Justification of the research and definition of terms of reference.
- Aims and objectives

73
- Definition/statement of hypothesis and assumptions to be tested.
4.4 LITERATURE REVIEW
4.4.1 Definition of literature review.

4.4.2 Explanation of the purpose of the literature review in research.
4.4.3 Indication of source of literature
4.4.4 Writing up bibliographies.
4.5 RESEARCH DESIGN
4.5.1 Define and identify research design

- Hypothesis design
- Descriptive design
- Experimental design
- Conclusive design
- Evaluative design
4.5.2 Types of data distinguished
- Primary and secondary data.

- Qualitative and quantitative data.
- Overt and non-overt data
4.5.3 Sources of data identified and explained
- Primary data from field research

- Secondary data from publications
4.5.4 Method of extraction (Collecting) data discussed
- Interviews (personal)
- Interviews (telephone)
- Interview (mail) – use of postal questionnaire
- Observations
- Abstraction from publication/records (indicate content analysis)
4.5.5 Selection, explanation and justification of sampling designs.
- Definition of population
- Definition of sample
- Justification of sample
- Discussion of sampling designs
4.5.6 Probability sampling designs
- Simple random sampling

- Systematic random sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Multistage sampling
- Cluster sampling
4.5.7 Non-probability sampling design

74
Sample size determination
Judgemental (subjective) approach
Mathematical approach (use of standard error)
4.5.8 Discuss random error and bias
4.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
4.6.1 Explanation of the concept of a research instrument and its

significance.
4.6.2 Questionnaires, defined and explained.
- Definition of questionnaire
- Types of questionnaire discuss and
designed (i.e. disguised and non-disguised).
- Discussion of types of questions to be included
(a) Open ended questions

(b) Closed ended questions
(c) Dichotomous
(d) Scales
- Discussion of the principles of a good questionnaire
(brevity, clarity, specificity etc).
4.6.3 Interview schedule
- Definition of interview schedule

- Designing of interview schedule
4.6.4 Observation form (schedule)
4.6.5 Definition of observation schedule.
Designing of observation schedule
4.7 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.7.1 Data preparation
- Editing of data
- Coding of data
- Tabulation of data
- Discussion of computer aid
4.7.2 Data analysis

- Statistical Packages eg SPSS
- Test of hypothesis
- Calculation of and explanations of statistics and parameter
(a) Measures of central tendency
(b) Measures of dispersion
(c) Correlation co-efficient
(d) Percentages and ratios
4.7.3 Errors (to include absolute, relative, standard)

75
4.7.4 Data presentation
4.7.5 Use of the narrative
(a) Tabulations
(b) Charts
(c) Graphs
(d) Equations and symbols.
4.7.6 Justification of the methods of data presentation
4.7.7 Interpretation of data.
- Developing conclusions from findings in research

- Developing and presenting recommendations from the findings
and conclusions.
4.8 COMMUNICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
4.8.1 Significance of communication
4.8.2 Forms of communication
- Verbal communication discussed

- Written communication discussed
4.8.3 Principles and formats of verbal communication discussed.
4.8.4 Principles and formats of written communication

- Format for written report
Title
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
Table of contents
Chapter 1 (introduction) background information
- Problem definition
- Aims
- Objectives
- Hypothesis
- Assumptions
- Limitations
Chapter 2 (literature review and presentation

Chapter 3 (methodology)
Chapter 4 (findings, analysis and presentation)
Chapter 5 (conclusions)
Chapter 6 (recommendations)
Bibliography
Appendices
76
4.9 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT TOTAL

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK ASSESSMENT
EXAMINATION 60%
40%
RESEARCH A minimum of 100%
METHODS 3 hour paper 2 Assignments-10% each
605/21/S12 2 Practicals -10%
2 Tests- 10% each

TOPIC WEIGHTING
1 Introduction 10
2 Problem definition 15
3 Literature review 5
4 Research design 15
5 Methodology 20
6 Research instruments 15
7 Data analysis, presentation 15
8 Communication of results 5
100

Cunningham, W., & Cunningham, M. A. (2010). Principles of environmental
science. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Frumkin, H. (Ed.). (2016). Environmental Health: from global to local. John Wiley
& Sons.
Boyd W 1989) Marketing Research Test

and Cases,
Caswell F (1982) Success in Statistics, Hong John Murray

Kong, publications
Kerlinger F.N. (1972) Foundation of UK Holt, Ringchart
Behavioural Research and Winston,
Hammersle,y (1991) Reading Ethographic Marlyn Longmans

Research (A critical guide) London.
Vorkeviser C. (1993) Designing and Conducting Canada International

Met al Health Systems Research Development
Projects. Vol. 2 Part I Research Centre
77
SUBJECT: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY,
SUBJECT CODE: 605/21/SO7
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM
attitudes of Occupational Safety and Health .
At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:
2.1 Recognise, monitor, evaluate and control occupational hazards/risks.
3.0 topics
Introduction to occupational safety and health

Occupational safety and health measurements (exposure limit values) tlvs
Lighting in work places
Ventilation in work places
Thermal considerations in work places
Noise exposure
radiation exposure
Vibration exposure
Occupational health diseases and conditions
Occupational accidents a
Occupational toxicology
Ergonomics
Risk management
Legislation
First aid
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(OSH)
4.1.1 Define occupational Safety and Health
4.1.2 Define occupational hygiene
4.1.3 Define the following terms: Hazard, Risk, Safety, Accident.
4.1.4 Explain the reasons and benefits for introducing safety and health
programs
- Chemical hazards
- Physical hazards
- Biological hazards
- Ergonomic hazards
- Dangerous chemicals
4.1.5 Outline the dangers associated with the use of chemicals
4.1.6 Describe the storage of dangerous chemicals
4.1.7 use of material safety data sheet
4.1.8 Explain Hazardous Substances and Environmental Management
Act and Regulations in hazardous substances use, handling,
transportation and classes
4.1.9 Describe effect of radiation on human health, animals and the
environment
78
4.1.10 Explain use of radioactive material to measure the age of buildings and
trees
4.1.11 Outline safety precautions to be considered in radioactive material disposal
4.1.12 Discuss the hierarchy of Hazard Control
4.11.1 Define accident, incident, injury, near miss, damage
4.11.2 Explain principles of accident prevention and control
4.11.3 Describe Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)
4.2 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT
4.2.1 Outline importance of TLVs
4.2.2 Discuss TLVs under the following:
- time weighted average (TLV-TWA)
- short term exposure limit (TLV – STEL)
- ceiling (TLV–C)
- long term exposure limits
- control limits
- recommended limits
- calculation of exposure limits
4.3 LIGHTING WORK PLACES
4.3.1 Explain the following building principles:
- light and measuring techniques
- light control
- light and sight
- nature of light
4.3.2 Discuss the following lighting requirements:
- light qualities and light installations
- factors which could influence illumination
- measurement of illumination
- difference between natural lighting and artificial
- different types of glares
4.4 VENTILATION IN WORK PLACES
4.1 Explain ventilation considerations in industrial buildings
4.2 Outline components of a ventilation system
4.3 Explain types of ventilation systems: General ventilation, Local exhaust
4.5 THERMAL CONDITIONS IN WORK PLACES
4.5.1 Describe sources of heat and cold
4.5.2 Discuss Heat stress conditions
4.5.3 Discuss Cold stress and conditions
4.5.4 Discuss control of heat and cold conditions
4.6 NOISE EXPOSURE
4.6.1 Define noise
4.6.2 Discuss effects of noise on humans
4.6.3 Differentiate between sound, noise and vibration
4.6.4 Explain relationship between frequency (f), velocity (v) and wave
length lambda
4.6.5 Describe decibel
4.6.6 Discuss the following noise measuring instruments:
- sound level meters
- calibration equipment
- frequency analysis
- noise dose meters
4.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
79
- history of industrial diseases
- musculoskeletal diseases
- diseases attributed to chemical agents
- diseases attributed to psychological agents
4.7.2 Explain the impact of occupational diseases on production
4.7.3 Outline prevention and control measures of occupational diseases
4.8 OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS/ INCIDENTS

4.8.1 Discuss an occupational accident
4.8.2 Explain the theories of accident causation: Loss causation model/
Domino theory
4.8.3 Prevention and control of accidents/ incidents
4.9 OCCUPATIONAL TOXICOLOGY

4.9.1 Discuss toxicology
4.9.2 Distinguish between toxicity and danger
4.9.3 Describe effects of toxic substances on humans
4.10 ERGONOMICS
4.10.1 Define ergonomics
4.10.2 Discuss the components of ergonomics: worker, workplace and Job
design
- handling of load
- bio-mechanics
4.10.4. constraints in ergonomics
4 cardinal constraints of anthropometrics:
Clearance
Reach
Posture
strength
4.11 RISK MANAGEMENT
4.11.1 Describe risk management
4.11.2 Discuss the following components of risk management process:
- risk identification
- risk analysis
- risk evaluation
- risk control
- risk communication
4.12. LEGISLATION
4.12.1 Outline legislation related to occupational safety, health and
environmental management
4.12.2 Apply related legislation in occupational safety, health and
environmental management issues
4.13 FIRST AID
4.13.1 Discuss signs and symptoms of the following:
Hemorrhage
Asphyxia
Fractures
Dislocations and sprains
Wounds
80
Loss of consciousness
Burns and scalds
Poisoning
Bites and stings
Shock
4.14 FIRE SAFETY
4.14.1 Outline causes of fire
4.14.2 Discuss classes of fire
4.14.3 Explain fire control methods
4.14.4 Describe fire danger rating
4.15 Safety Health, Environment and Quality management (SHEQ) system

4.15.1 Discuss the structure of a SHEQ management system based on ISO
45000 series
PRACTICALS
 Conduct HIRA
 Visit selected industries for the purpose of identification of stresses and
hazards in the work environment and recommend possible ways of
effectively controlling them.
 Practise the use of the different instruments: light and noise
 Demonstrate the functions of the contents of the First Aid kit
 Practise firefighting drills
EXAMINATION 40% ASSESSMENT 60% G
Occupational Health and 3 hour paper 2 Practicals 20% 100%
Safety 2 Assignments 20%
605/21/S07 2 Tests 20 %

TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING %
1 Introduction To Occupational Health And Safety 5
2 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES TLVs 5
3 Lighting In Industrial Buildings 5
4 Ventilation 6
5 Thermal Considerations In Industrial Building 5
6 Noise 6
7 Occupational Diseases And Conditions 10
8 Occupational Accidents And Safety 8
9 Occupational Toxicology 8
10 Egornomics 7
11 Risk Management 7
12 Legislation 10
13 First Aid 8
14 Fire Safety 8
Total 100
81
Glanz, W (1987) Health Education a London
Promotion.
Kruenteeur,
NSSA OSHMAC 1& 2 Modules
82
SUBJECT: MEAT HYGIENE AND INSPECTION
SUBJECT: 605/21/S08
DURATION: 400 HOURS
1.0 AIM
attitudes of Meat Hygiene.

By the end of the course, the learner should be able to:
2.1 explain the anatomy and physiology of food animals
2.2 design a slaughter house
2.3 discuss transportation methods of food animals
2.4 explain general pathological changes in meat
2.5 identify infectious disease of food animals
2.6 carry-out Ante-Mortem Inspection
2.7 identify the various humane slaughter methods
2.8 explain carcasses dressing
2.9 discuss sources of meat contamination
2.10 describe the meat inspection process
2.11 explain meat cuts and meat grading
2.12 explain the various meat technologies
2.13 assess abattoir hygiene
2.14 interpret and apply legislation pertaining to meat hygiene
3.0 TOPICS
Comparative anatomy of food animals
Slaughter house design
Transportation of food animals
Pathological changes
Infectious diseases of food animals
Ante-Mortem Inspection
Humane slaughter
Dressing of carcasses
Meat contamination
Meat inspection
Meat technology
Abattoir hygiene
Legislation
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF FOOD ANIMALS
4.1.1 Describe food animals:
4.1.2 Discuss the following systems:
- skeletal system
- mycology (muscular system)
- circulatory system
- lymphatic system
- respiratory system
83
- urinary system
- nervous system
- endocrine system
- reproductive system
- digestive system
- metabolic system
4.2 SLAUGHTER HOUSE DESIGN
Discuss the principles of design under the following:
- choice of site
- general layout
- construction materials
4.3 TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD ANIMALS

Explain the following:
- methods of transportation
- effects of transportation
- Rules of transportation
- Space requirements during transportation
4.4 PARASITOLOGY OF FOOD ANIMALS (refer to Parasitology and Pest
Control subject)
4.4.1 Describe effects of the following endoparasites on food animals: \
- nematodes
- cestodes
- trematodes
- petastodes
4.4.2 Explain effects of ectoparasites (arthropods) on food animals.
4.5 PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES

4.5.1 Discuss general pathological changes in meat
4.5.2 Explain conditions of importance in meat inspection
4.5.3 Discuss specific conditions of the following organs:
- liver
- spleen
- digestive system
- urinary system
- skin
- skeleton
- respiratory system
- body cavities
- reproductive system
- muscles
4.6 INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FOOD ANIMALS

Discuss diseases of food animals under the following categories:
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Protozoal
- Fungal
4.7 ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION

- Discuss the lairage requirements
- Differentiate health and diseased animals
84
4.8 HUMANE SLAUGHTER
4.8.1 Discuss slaughter methods
- stunning
- bleeding
4.8.2 Discuss emergency slaughter
4.9 DRESSING OF CARCASSES
Discuss method of dressing by type of food animal
- bovine cattle
- porcine pigs
- caprine (sheep/goats)
- game
- rabbit
- ostrich
- poultry
4.10 MEAT CONTAMINATION
Discuss sources of meat contamination
4.11 MEAT INSPECTION
Discus the procedure for meat inspection
4.12 MEAT TECHNOLOGY

Discuss the following technologies:
 Preservation
 Cold storage.
 Freezing.
 Vacuum packaging.
 Canning. ...
 Drying. ...
 Fermentation. ...
 Irradiation.
 Transportation
4.14 MEAT PREMISES HYGIENE

Discuss abattoir hygiene under the following:
- Cleaning methods
- Cleaning procedures
- Microbial contamination
- General abattoir layout and construction
- Personal hygiene - Cleaning Of Hand Equipment :
 Explain how hand equipment must be cleaned
 Explain the meaning of employment medical examination
 Explain the difference between pre-employment medical examination and
daily fitness checks
 Explain when additional medical examination is required
 Explain the importance of personal hygiene and hygiene of personal
equipment
 Give at least 5 examples of when workers must wash their hands in an
abattoir
 Discuss what must be done in case of an injury
 Discuss the requirements for the washing of hands
 Name a few undesirable hygienic practices workers tend to do in an
abattoir
85
 Pre-slaughter inspections regarding the personal hygiene of workers are
carried out daily. What things should be noted?
- Handling of waste and condemned material: - Legal Aspects
Regarding Condemned Material
- • Draw a diagram to indicate which types of waste and by products can
derive from an abattoir
- • Describe handling condemned material in the abattoir
- • Describe the different methods of disposal of condemned material
- • Discuss the requirements for sterilising plants including the unclean
and clean areas
- • Describe the requirements for vehicles transporting condemned
material
- • List the 4 points that must be indicated in writing when removing
specimens from an abattoir
- • Discuss requirements for the personnel working in the dirty area of a
sterilisation plant
- • Discuss the requirements that the facilities for condemned/ detained
material should comply
- with
- • Discuss the marking of condemned material and containers
- • Discuss the requirements that the “unclean” and “clean” areas of a
sterilizing plant should
- comply with
- Pest control
- Sanitation;
 Water supply
 Disinfection
 Disinfectants/ Sanitizers
 Appropriate Detergents supply
 Adequate provision of ablution facilities
- Meat Quality and safety: -
- Implement Hygiene Management Systems (HMS)
- • Name the 10 areas covered by the HMS
- • Do a Hygiene assessment at your abattoir using the HAS forms
provided
- • Discuss water monitoring as a prerequisite for HACCP
- • Explain which steps correspond to the different principles
- • Explain how a HCCP is determined
- • Distinguish between QA and GMP
- • Draw examples of check registers
4.15 LEGISLATION
Public Health Act
Discuss legislation that is used in meat and meat products (SI 50 of 1995)
PRACTICALS
Carry out following practicals:
o Meat inspection
o Inspection of slaughter house
o Visit meat processing factory
o Design abattoir plans
o Draw examples of check list registers
86
SUBJEC WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTING
T EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT 60%
40%
Meat 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
Hygiene 2 Practicals 20%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20 %

Topic number Topic Weighting %
1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FOOD 10
ANIMALS
2 SLAUGHTER HOUSE DESIGN 12
3 TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD ANIMALS 6
4 PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES 6
5 INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF FOOD 10
ANIMALS
6 ANTE-MORTEM INSPECTION 8
7 HUMANE SLAUGHTER 6
8 DRESSING OF CARCASSES 6
9 MEAT CONTAMINATION 6
10 MEAT INSPECTION 8
11 MEAT CUTS AND MEAT GRADING 6
12 MEAT TECHNOLOGY 4
13 ABATTOIR HYGIENE 6
14 LEGISLATION 6
Total 100

Keith, (1989) New Strategies in

P.W.K.M. Parasitology
LandamJohn (1980) Human and Physiology 2nd London Foresman and
Murray, B.R. Edition Scott Company
MacKean, D. & (1985) Human & Social Biology London John Murray
Jones, B. (1999) 2nd Edition
Thorngton Meat Hygiene
Roberts, M. (1986) A Functional Approach 4th Surrey Nelsons and
B.V, Edition Sobs
and Bennett, Community Health in Nigeria
F.J. Africa.
Taylor, D.J.et al (1998) Biological Sciences 3rd Cambridge Cambridge
Edition University
Press
Projects. Vol. 2 Part I Research
Centre
87
88
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE
DURATION: 160 HOURS
1.0 AIM
attitudes of Environmental Health Practice.

By the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:
2.1 apply appropriate health legislation
2.2 promote Environmental Health Practice.
2.3 carryout environmental health impact assessments
2.4 produce an emergency preparedness and response plan
2.5 implement appropriate environmental health procedures
3.0 TOPICS
HEALTH LEGISLATION
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
HOUSING
PORT HEALTH
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROCEDURES
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 HEALTH LEGISLATION
4.1.1 Discuss the purpose of legislation
4.1.2 Explain the major aspects of health legislation
4.1.3 Discuss health legislation (Acts and Regulations)
4.1.4 Explain measures taken in the enforcement of health legislation
4.1.5 Describe procedures to be followed when amending laws and by-laws.
4.2 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

4.2.1 Outline the history of Public Health Act.
4.2.2 Describe the U.N structure as well as its organisation such as WHO and
UNICEF.
4.2.3 Explain the functions of other organisations in health – Red Cross and
other NGOs/PVOs/CSOs/Partners.
4.3 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
4.3.1 Discuss different types of resources
4.3.2 Discuss the following aspects of human resource management:
- recruitment
- interview/selection
- training and retraining, performance management and appraisals
- job description
- legal frameworks
- conditions of service
- public relations
89
4.3.3 Explain the following in relation to financial resources:
- Government funding
- Donor funding/Non-Governmental Organisations
- Budgeting/Estimates
- Commitment registers
4.3.4 Describe procurement management and maintenance of the following:
- Office and accommodation
- Transport
4.3.5 Outline recommended stores management procedures for the following:
- Printing and stationery
- Equipment
- Receiving and dispatch
- Record keeping
- Purchasing and supply
4.3.6 Explain approved management procedures for the following:
- Telephone, Fax
- E-mail, Internet
- Electricity, Water
- Refuse removal
4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Explain Environmental Health Impact Assessments
4.5 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

Describe key elements of emergency preparedness and response
4.6 HOUSING
4.6.1 Discuss history of town planning with special reference to reformation
Planning and Layout of Housing Schemes
- Elementary principles of town layout
- Population density, acceptable standards making provision for

adequate open areas for schools, churches, shopping centres,
parking and other amenities.
- Methods of ascertaining, analysing, estimating and evaluation of

housing needs in any particular area relevant to selling schemes,
letting schemes and city renewal projects for the various income,
socio-economic, age and ethnic groups, housing needs for the
various income groups in Zimbabwe.
4.6.2 Housing Standards
- The design of the various types of housing units including flats

for all
age groups and income groups.
- Minimum standards for dwelling house design with due

observance of
the socio-economic requirements and ability to afford the rent.
90
- Special aspects relevant to the design of letting and selling

schemes.
4.6.3 Administration
- Administration
- Leadership styles
- Central and local government management

EXAMINATION 40% ASSESSMENT
60%
Environmental 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
Health Practice 2 Assignments
605/15/S09 2 Practicals 20%
2. Tests 20%

NUMBER TOPIC WEIGHTING %
1 Health Legislation 12
2 International Health 10
3 Resource Management 15
4 Environmental Health Impact Assessment 10
5 Emergency Preparedness And Response 15
6 Housing 8
7 Port Health 10
8 Environmental Health Procedures 20
Total 100
Butler, J.D. (1986) Four Philosophies and their New York Harper and
Practice in Education and Row
Religion.
Dube, J. (2000) Social Psychology. Module 8 Harare MOH & CH
– EHT Diploma Conversion Environmenta
Course. l Health
Department
Glanz, (1987): (1987) Health Education and London
Promotion.
Lrenteeur,
Haralambos, M. (2000) Sociology: Themes and Harare MOH & CH
Perspectives. Environmenta
l Health
Department
Rusk, R.R,. (1979) Doctrine of the Great UK Lowe and
Educators 5th Edition Brydone
Printers Ltd
91
and Bennett, F.J. Community Health in Nigeria
Africa.
Taylor, D.J.et al (1998) Biological Sciences 3rd Cambridg Cambridge
Edition e University
Press
Projects. Vol. 2 Part I Research
Centre
WHO No. 649 (1980) 4.2 Environmental Geneva WHO
Management for Vector
Control
WHO No. 737 4.1 Resistance of Vectors Geneva WHO
and Reservoirs of Disease to
Pesticides
WHO No. 755 (1987) 4.3 Vector Control in Geneva WHO
Primary Health Care
WHO No. 767 (1988) 4.5 Urban Vector and Pest Geneva WHO
Control
WHO No. 789 (1990) 4.6 Chemistry and Geneva WHO
Specifications of Pesticides
WHO No. 791 (1990) 4.4 Pesticide Application Geneva WHO
Equipment for Vector
Control
92
SUBJECT: RESEARCH PROJECT
DURATION: 6 months
AIM
The project aims to encourage innovation, originality, discipline and diligence. Individual
students are required to come up with areas of research project proposals and titles with
the guidance of lecturers. It is hoped the projects though done in limited time, can be
explored further by the institution or other research institutions and be utilized by
interested stakeholders in Zimbabwe. Assessment of the projects is done using agreed
criteria between industrialists and college.
Objectives
The research problem should be within the scope of the Health sector and Allied
industries. The student should be able to do the following:
Give a background study of the problem including justification

State the research problem
State the research assumptions (hypothesis)
State research objectives
Research the literature of the given field individually
Document, analyse and evaluate the results presented in the literature
Choose the most appropriate research methodology to achieve the research
objectives
Perform relevant experiments, analyse and evaluate data obtained in line with
the research objectives.
Make appropriate recommendations
Defend the project based on the research results and the literature.
PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
The student prepares the project presenting the work done. The project has to
be submitted in A4 format, in three identical bound copies. The following must
be indicated on the outside cover:
 Project,
 Authors name,
 Institution
 The year of submission.
The first page of the work is blank; the second is the title page. The title of the
Project, the department of the institute where the project was prepared and the
name of the Supervisor are also indicated
REFERENCES
List of the literature used in the elaboration of the project, according to the
requirements of the chemical abstract. Harvard referencing system
APPENDIX
93
It is not a compulsory part of the paper. If it is there, it is a collection of tables,
diagrams, photographs, schemes, etc.
The structure of the project should be articulating, the sequence of ideas should
be clear, the style simple. The chapters should be separated from each other
based on their content. The terminology should be clear and unified; the use of
the system is compulsory.
FORMAT:
Typed or printed texts, figures and diagrams in quality satisfying the technical
requirements.
Font size – 12 Times New Roman
Double spacing
LENGTH:
A minimum of 30 pages and a maximum 80 pages without appendix.
THE ASSESSMENT AND DEFENCE OF THE PROJECT
ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID FOR RESEARCH PAPER
AREA/ ASPECT WEIGHTING

ACTIVITY % /70
Chapter 1 Introduction 10 7
- background – problem definition
- aims and objectives – hypothesis and
Assumptions
Chapter 2 Literature review 10 7
Chapter 3 Methodology 10 7
- population and sample data types
- Data collected using research
instruments
- justification
Chapter 4 Findings, analysis and presentation of 20 14
data
Testing hypothesis – use of charts,
graphs calculation of correlation
coefficients etc.
Chapter 5 Conclusion 20 14
Chapter 6 Recommendations 10 7
Preliminary and - Acknowledgement 20 14
References - executive summary (abstract)
- structure of report
- relevance of topic
- Bibliography
- appendices
- General presentation
100 70
 The project has a length between 7 500 and 10 000 words.

 Assessment criteria: 70 marks Documentation and 30 marks Viva
94
ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID FOR VIVA
The defense is done in front of a panel with at least 3 experts.
ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING MARKS

COMPONENT % /30
1.0 Explanation of topic and justification of 20 6
study
2.0 Justification and explanation of 20 6
methodology
3.0 Explanation of aims, objectives, 10 3
limitation and delimitations
4.0 Data presentation and analysis 20 6
5.0 Explanation of recommendations 10 3
6.0 Personal presentation 20 6
- Composure and confidence
- Dress
- Self expression
- mannerism
- General presence
TOTAL 100 30
95
SUBJECT: ETHICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS
CODE: 605/21/S22
DURATION: 80 Hours
1.0 AIM: The aim of this course is to introduce the student to related public health
laws with the background knowledge of how to avoid unprofessional conduct which
could lead to breach of duty that has severe consequence.
By the end of the course, the graduate should be able to;
1.2.1 Define ethics, professional ethics and list some health ethics,
etiquettes and code of conduct.
1.2.2 Describe the Zimbabwean Legal and Health System
1.2.3 Describe Historic Development of Public Health Law
1.2.4 Explain the concept of morality, law and other legal concepts
relating to ethics as well as the differences and similarities between law
and morality.
1.2.5 Describe the law-making process in Zimbabwe
1.2.6 Define Public Health Law offences.
1.2.7 Explain the process of enforcing public health laws and the
enforcement agencies
3.0 TOPICS
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC/HEALTH

WORKERS
THE ZIMBABWEAN LEGAL AND HEALTH SYSTEM
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAW IN
ZIMBABWE
SOURCES OF LAW
THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
LEGAL APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN 21ST CENTURY
CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF LAW
PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN ZIMBABWE
PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS, TYPES AND PRINCIPLES
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

PUBLIC/HEALTH WORKERS
4.1.1 Define ethics,
4.1.2 Discuss Professional ethics
4.1.3 Discuss Health ethics, etiquettes and code of conduct.
4.2 THE ZIMBABWEAN LEGAL AND HEALTH SYSTEM
4.2.1 Define law
96
4.2.2 Outline concept of law:
4.2.3 Outline the relationship between law and morality
4.2.4 Outline relationship between law and justice
4.2.5 Describe the structure of a legal system?
4.2.6 Explain the purposes and functions of law
4.2.7 Explain the following two key elements of law:
 Legal right
 Legal personality
4.2.8 Describe the following concepts in law
 concept of public health law
 stewardship in health systems for improved health outcomes
 relationship between the policy, regulations, legislation and the
law
 public health laws and health of population
 public health law challenges in Zimbabwe health systems
4.3 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAW

IN ZIMBABWE
4.3.1 History of Public Health Act in Zimbabwe

4.3.2 From Public Health Policy to primary Health Care
4.3.3 From Public Health Policy to Public Health Act
4.3.4 The Parts, Focus and Description of Public Health Law
4.4 SOURCES OF LAW

4.4.1 Legislation
4.4.2 Case law
4.4.3 Custom
4.4.4 Common law
4.4.5 Authoritative texts
4.5 THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS

4.5.1 Introduction: State organs and their powers
4.5.2 Describe the following arms of the state;
 The legislature (the law-makers)
 The executive
 The judiciary
4.5.3 The process of law-making in Parliament
 Pre-bill stage
 Types of bills
 Gazetting of bills
 Passage of bills in Parliament
 The effect of Parliament’s failure to follow specified procedures
4.5.4 Delegated legislation
4.6 LEGAL APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN 21ST
CENTURY
Discuss;
4.6.1 Trends of Law and Public Health Issues
4.6.2 Legal Authority Appraisal of Acts of Public Health
4.6.3 Public Health Act
97
4.7 CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF LAW

Explain the following divisions of the Law
4.7.1 Criminal law versus civil law
4.7.2 Public law versus private law
4.7.3 Substantive law versus procedural law
4.7.4 National law versus international law
4.7.5 General law versus customary law
4.7.6 Common law versus civil law
4.7.7 Law (common law) versus equity
4.8 PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN ZIMBABWE
Discuss the following laws as they apply in public health;
4.8.1 The Zimbabwe Constitution
4.8.2 African Charter on Human and Peoples‟ Rights
4.8.3 Government, and Local Government legislation
4.8.4 Town and Country Planning Laws
4.8.5 The Law of Torts Dealing with Nuisance, Trespass and Negligence
4.8.6 All Laws Related to Drugs
4.8.7 International public health Laws
4.9 PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS, TYPES AND PRINCIPLES
Elaborate on the following;
4.9.1 Public Health Law Offences
4.9.2 Right Of An Offender (Accused)
4.9.3 Process Of Enforcing Public Health Law
4.9.4 Public Health Laws Enforcement Bodies
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT 60% G
40%
Health Ethics 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
and Public 2 Practicals 20%
Health Laws 2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20%

Topic Topic Weighting
Number %
1 PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 15
PUBLIC/HEALTH WORKERS
2 THE ZIMBABWEAN LEGAL AND HEALTH SYSTEM 15
3 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC 10
HEALTH LAW IN ZIMBABWE
4 SOURCES OF LAW 10
5 THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS 10
6 LEGAL APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN 10
21ST CENTURY
7 CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF LAW 10
8 PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS IN ZIMBABWE 10
9 PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS, TYPES AND PRINCIPLES 10
98
Total 100
1. Bell, S and McGillivray, D (2008): Environmental Law: Oxford University
Press
2. Hunter, D.J (2003): Public Health Policy: Polity Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom
3. Ibet-Iragunima, M.W (2006): Fundamentals of Primary Health Care: Paulimaly
Printers, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
4. Madhuku An Introduction to Zimbabwean Law
5. Wing, K.R, Mariner, W.K, Annas, G.J and Strouse, D.S (2007): Public Health
Law: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
6. Wolf, S, White, A and Stanely, N (2002): Principles of Environmental Law:
Cavendish Publishing Limited, London
7.D.A. Reynolds and J.A. Russel (1983) An Introduction to Law. Government of
Zimbabwe: Ministry of Justice.
8. Bryon A. Garner (ed.) (2004) Black’s Law Dictionary. Eighth edition. Eagen, MS:
Thomson West.
9. Zimbabwe Constitution (2013)
99
SUBJECT TITLE: MONITORING AND EVALUATION
HOURS: 80 HOURS
1.0 AIM
attitudes of Program Monitoring and Evaluation.
2.0 OBJECTIVE
By the end of the course, the graduate should be able to apply sound principles
of monitoring and evaluation in the day-to-day environmental health activities.
3.0 TOPICS:
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION
DESIGNING M&E SYSTEMS
PLANNING AND DESIGNING EFFECTIVE M&E INDICATORS
RESEARCH METHODS FOR M&E
M&E REPORT WRITING
4.0 CONTENT:
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Define the following terms:
 Project
 Programme
 Activity
 Project management
 Process
 Indicator
 Monitoring
 Evaluation
 Input
 Outcome
 Output
 Impact
4.1.2 Describe the project management cycle
4.1.3 Explain the purposes of project monitoring and evaluation
4.2 Types of Monitoring and Evaluation

4.2.1 Discuss the types of monitoring
4.2.2 Discuss the types of evaluation
4.2.3 Compare and contrast between monitoring an evaluation
4.2.4 Discuss the necessities for an effective M&E system
4.2.5 Discuss the challenges to an effective M&E system
4.3 Designing M&E system

100
4.3.1 Discuss the steps followed in planning for an effective M&E
system
4.3.2 Discuss the steps in conducting monitoring and evaluation
4.3.3 Discuss the characteristics of an effective M&E system
4.3.4 Discuss the elements of a Terms of Reference for and end-of-
project evaluation
4.4 Planning and designing M&E indicators

4.4.1 Define the term ‘Indicator’
4.4.2 Outline the qualities of a good indicator
4.4.3 Identify the different types of indicators
4.4.4 Explain the importance of indicators in M&E
4.4.5 Explain the steps in developing good indicators
4.5 Data collection, analysis and presentation in M&E

4.5.1 Identify and give examples of sources of M&E data
4.5.2 Discuss the key data collection tools and techniques:
questionnaires, observation, interviews, brainstorming,
document review
4.5.3 Demonstrate the use of appropriate data analysis software
4.5.4 Discuss methods of data presentation: tables, graphs, tables,
charts
4.6 M&E Report Writing

4.6.1 Discuss the different types of M&E reports
4.6.2 Identify the components of various types of M&E reports
4.6.3 Discuss the importance of reporting in M&E
4.6.4 Develop an M&E evaluation report
4.6.5 Disseminate M&E information

EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT 60% G
40%
Monitoring 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
and 2 Practicals 20%
Evaluation 2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20%
101
6.0 Assessment Specification Grid
Topic Topic Weighting %

number
1 INTRODUCTION 15
2 TYPES OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION 20
3 DESIGNING M&E SYSTEM 20
4 PLANNING & DESIGNING M&E INDICATORS 15
5 DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS & 15

PRESENTATION IN M&E
6 REPORT WRITING FOR M&E 15
TOTAL 100
9.0 Suggested Reading
1. Mackay, K (2007). How to build M&E systems to support better Government.

Washington DC: The World Bank
2. Mishra, R. C. & Soota, T. (2005). Modern Project Management, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi
3. Baker, S and Baker, K, (2000). The Idiot’s Guide to Project Management, 2 nd
edition, Alpha Books
4. Monitoring and Evaluation of nutrition and nutrition-related programmes: A
training manual for programme managers and implementors
5. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2002). 1 st
edition, Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation
6. Hillier & Lieberman, 7th Edition, Chapter 10: Project Management with PERT/
CPM
102
SUBJECT: BIOSTATISTICS
CODE: 605/21/S24
DURATION: 150 HOURS
1.0 AIM
the basic knowledge, skills and attitudes of Biostatistics
By the end of the course students should be able to:
2.1 Apply statistical skills to present and analyse data
2.2 Interpret various data in their places of work
2.3 Calculate measures of central tendency
2.4 Explain probability
2.5 Analyse statistical inferences
2.6 Design experiments
3.0 TOPICS
 Introduction to Statistics
 Methods of Data collection, Organization, presentation, analysis and
utilisation
 Summarizing data
 Demographic Methods and Health Services Statistics
 Elementary Probability and probability distribution
 Sampling methods
 Estimation
 Hypothesis Testing
 Correlation and Regression
 Designing experiments
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
4.1.1 Define Statistics and Biostatistics
4.1.2 Explain the branches of statistics
- Descriptive statistics
- Inferential statistics
4.1.3 Enumerate the importance and limitations of statistics

4.1.4 Discuss the different types of data
- Nominal data
- Ordinal Data
- Interval Data
- Ratio Data
4.1.5 Explain the following variables
- Qualitative variable
- Quantitative variable
4.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION, ORGANIZATION AND

PRESENTATION
103
4.2.1 Describe the different methods of data collection and state their
advantages and disadvantages
-Observation
-Face-to-face and self-administered interviews
- Postal or mail method and telephone interviews
- Using available information
- Focus group discussions (FGD)
-Rapid appraisal techniques
4.2.2 Outline the factors considered when selecting a method of data

collection
-Timeliness
-Cost.
-Accuracy
4.2.3 Explain the different methods of data organization and presentation
- Frequency Distributions
- Statistical Tables
- Diagrammatic Representation of Data
 Bar Chart
 Pie-chart
 Histograms
 The line diagram
4.2.4 Present data using graphs, tables and pie charts
4.3 SUMMARIZING DATA
4.3.1 Discuss the following

 Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode)
 Measures of dispersion (Range, Quantiles, Standard Deviation, Variance)
4.3.2 Calculate mean, mode, range, variance, standard deviation and median for given
data
- grouped data
- ungrouped data
4.3.3 Compare the mean, mode and median
4.4 DEMOGRAPHIC METHODS AND HEALTH SERVICES STATISTICS
4.4.1 Define the following concepts of demographic statistics

- Demography
- Distribution
- Composition
- Change
4.4.2 Discuss the different methods of data collection for demographic studies
- Census
- Surveys
- Registration of vital events (mainly births and deaths)
4.4.3 Explain the different ratios used to describe demographic data

104
- Sex Ratio (SR)
- Child-Woman-Ratio (CWR)
- Dependency Ratio (DR)
4.4.4 Discuss the following fertility and mortality measures

Measures of mortality
-Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
- General Fertility Rate (GFR
- Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR)
- Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
- Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
- Net reproduction rate (NRR)
Measures of mortality
-Crude Death Rate (CDR)
- Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR)
- Cause Specific Death Ratio and Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
- Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR)
- Post - Neonatal Mortality Rate (PNMR)
- Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
4.4.5 Identify the methods used for population projection and perform computations of
doubling time.
4.4.6 Explain the importance and uses of health services statistics
4.5 ELEMENTARY PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTIONS
4.5.1Discuss the following: an experiment, an event, a sample space, the

probability of an event, compound events (addition, multiplication and
complementary events) and independent events
4.5.2 Discuss the following; random variables (discrete and continuous), the
probability distribution, mean and variance of discrete random
variables, the expected value and the binomial probability distribution
(mean and variance)
4.5.3 Discuss the following; the standard normal distribution and the central
limit theorem
4.6 SAMPLING METHODS
4.6.1 Define the following sampling terminologies

-population
-sample
- Sampling fraction (Sampling interval)
- Sampling frame
-Sampling unit
4.6.2. Discuss the following probability and Non-Probability sampling methods and
apply different techniques of sampling
-Simple random sampling (SRS)
-Systematic Sampling
105
-Stratified Sampling
-Cluster sampling
-Multi-stage sampling
-Convenience sampling
-Quota sampling
4.6.3. Enumerate advantages and limitations of the different sampling methods
4.6.4. Explain the importance of a representative sample

4.6.5. Differentiate between random error and bias
4.7 ESTIMATION
4.7.1. Discuss the concepts of sample statistics and population parameters
4.7.2. Explain the principles of sampling distributions of means and proportions and
calculate their standard errors
4.7.3. Describe the principles of estimation and differentiate between point and interval
estimations
4.7. 4. Compute appropriate confidence intervals for population means and proportions
and interpret the findings
4.7.5. Describe methods of sample size calculation for cross – sectional studies
4.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING
4.8.1. Understand the concepts of null and alternative hypothesis
4.8.2. Explain the meaning and application of statistical significance
4.8.3. Differentiate between the following types of errors in hypothesis testing
-type I error
- type II errors
4.8.4. Outline the steps involved in hypothesis testing
4.8.5 Apply the following; student’s t distribution, properties of student’s t
distribution and inferences concerning a mean based on a small sample.
4.8.6 Discuss the following; properties of a chi-square distribution and
inferences concerning a population variance.
4.8.7 discuss the following: f distribution and its properties, inferences
concerning two population means, dependent samples and inferences
concerning two population proportions.
4.8.8. Explain the meaning and application of P – values
4.8.9. Explain the concepts of degrees of freedom
4.9 CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

4.9.1. Explain the meaning and application of linear correlation
4.9.2. Differentiate between the product moment correlation and rank correlation
4.9.3. Explain the meaning and application of linear regression
4.9.4. Plot scatter diagrams and interpret them
4.9.5. Describe the following; the least squares regression line, the linear
correlation coefficient and inferences concerning correlation and
regression
106
4.10 DESIGNING EXPERIMENTS

4.10.1 Explain the following in experimental design; experimental units,
treatments, and factors (quantitative and qualitative)
4.10.2 Describe the steps in designing experiments
4.10.3 Describe the simple experimental designs
4.10.4 Complete randomised design
4.10.5 Complete randomised block design
PRACTICALS
Carry out the following practicals:
-Practice data analysis using suitable statistical software (example SPSS)
-Practice charts creation using Microsoft Excel
- Carry out health surveys
- carry out statistical sampling

EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Biostatistics 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
605/21/S24 2 Practicals 20%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 20 %

NUMBER %
1 Introduction to Statistics 10
2 Methods of Data collection, Organization and 20

presentation, analysis
3 Summarizing data 5
4 Demographic Methods and Health Services 15
Statistics
5 Elementary Probability and probability 5
distribution
6 Sampling methods 15
7 Estimation 10
8 Hypothesis Testing 10
9 Correlation and Regression 5
10 Designing experiments 5
TOTAL 100
107
SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Bland, M. (2000). An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd ed. University Press, Oxford.
Dalgaard, P. (2008). Introductory Statistics with R. 2nd edition. New York: Springer.
Bivand, R., E.J. Pebesma and V. Gomez-Rubio.(2010). Applied Spatial Data Analysis .
New York: Springer.
Ward, M.D. and K.S. Gleditsch (2008). Spatial Regression Models. Thousand Oaks,
CA:
Sage. Bailey, T.C. and A.C. Gatrell (1995). Interactive Spatial Data Analysis. Essex,
England: Prentice Hall.
Rogerson, P. (2006). Statistical Methods for Geography. 2nd Edition. London, SAGE
Publications.
108
SUBJECT: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
CODE: 605/21/S25
DURATION: 120 HOURS
1.0 AIM

the basic knowledge, skills and attitudes of disaster management
By the end of the course, the graduate will be able to:
 Describe the impacts of major disasters that have occurred historically (past
century) and recently
 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of disaster management
 Outline the phases of disaster response and recovery
 Develop comprehensive emergency management and related plans
 Explain factors affecting short and long-term recovery and rebuilding and the
role of planners and policy-makers.
 Discuss approaches of Disaster Management
 Respond to public health disaster
3.0 TOPICS
 INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
 RECOVERY, REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
 PUBLIC HEALTH & HEALTH CARE ROLES IN A DISASTER
RESPONSE
 PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTER SURVEILANCE AND COMMUNICATION
 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 COMMUNITY LINKAGE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT

4.1.1 Define the following terms in disaster management
- Disaster
-Hazard
109
- Vulnerability
- Risk
- Disaster Management
-Emergency
-Mitigation
-Preparedness
-Reconstruction
-Rehabilitation
-Response
-Resilience
-Susceptibility
-Risk Assessment
4.1.2 Describe the types and causes of disasters
-Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods drought, landside, land subsidence, cyclones,

volcanoes, tsunami, avalanches, global climate extremes).
- Man-made/technological disasters (Man-made disasters: Terrorism, gas and

radiations leaks, toxic waste disposal, oil spills, forest fires.)
4.1.3 Discuss the magnitude and distribution of disasters at global, regional and local
scale
4.1.4 Explain different phases of disasters
-Pre-emergency phase
-Impact and flight phase
-Acute phase
-Post emergency phase
-Repatriation phase
-Rehabilitation or reconstruction phase
4.1.5 Discuss the following disaster determinants

-Factors affecting damage
 Types of disasters
 social status
 habitation pattern
110
 physiology and climate
-Factors affecting mitigation measures
 Prediction
 Preparation
 Communication
 area and accessibility
 Population
 physiology and climate
4.1.6 Describe the impacts of disasters
- Social
-Economic
-Environmental
-Health impacts
4.1.7 Describe the Disaster Management Cycle
4.1.8 Explain principles of Disaster management
4.2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

4.2.1 Discuss disaster Preparedness: concept and significance
4.2. 2 Discuss the Disaster Preparedness legislation, Policies and programmes
in Zimbabwe
4.2.3 Identify the Institutional Mechanisms for Disaster Preparedness
4.2.4 Explain the importance of Disaster preparedness with consideration of
special needs/ vulnerable groups
4.2.5 Discuss the concept and importance of Disaster Preparedness Plan
4.2.6 Explain the Disaster Preparedness Plan essentials
4.2.7 Discuss the significance of Community Based Disaster Preparedness
planning
4.2.8 Explain the roles of the following in disaster preparedness:
- Information, Education, Communication, and Training
- Government
- International and NGO Bodies
- Information Technology (IT)
4.2.9 Describe the essential Components of Disaster Response plan

111
4.2.10 Discuss the importance of Psychological Response and Management
4.2.11 Describe the roles and responsibilities of public health in both disaster
preparedness and response.
4.1.12 Design the functional model of public health response to disasters.
4.3 RECOVERY, REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
4.3.1 Discuss the concepts of Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
4.3.2 Explain types of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
4.3.3 Explain the roles of the following in Rehabilitation
- Government
- Non Governmental Organizations(NGOs)
- Local Institutions
- Insurance
- Media
- Development Partners
4.4 PUBLIC HEALTH & HEALTH CARE ROLES IN A DISASTER

RESPONSE
4.4.1 Discuss the key operational areas of Environmental health in disaster

management with reference to the following
- Safe Water supply

- Food and Nutrition
-Hygiene and Sanitation promotion
-Solid Waste management
-vector control
-Communicable and non-communicable diseases control
-evacuation and emergency shelter
-Housing standards
- Health education
- climate change
-Disability
-Monitoring Evaluation, Reporting and Learning(MERL)
4.5 PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTER SURVEILANCE AND

112
COMMUNICATION
4.5.1 Identify types of media used in disaster mitigation
4.5.2 Explain the need for good documentation in disaster management
4.5.3 Describe the importance of public health communication for disaster planning and
response
4.5.4 Outline the steps for designing and conducting a public health disaster
surveillance system
4.5.5 Describe the purpose and importance of public health disaster surveillance
4.5.6 Describe challenges in establishing a surveillance system during a disaster
4.6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
4.6.1 Discuss the role of Information and Communication Technology in Health

Response
4.6.2 Explain the importance, use and application of Emerging Technologies in
Disaster Preparedness and response (example Geographical Information Systems and
Remote Sensing)
4.6.3 Emerging Trends in Disaster Mitigation
4.7 COMMUNITY LINKAGE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
4.7.1 Discuss the concept of community based disaster management

4.7.2 Explain the importance of Community Participation and Awareness in disaster
management
PRACTICALS- refer to the skills proficiency schedule

Emergency 3 hour paper A Minimum of 100%
Preparedness and 2 Practicals 20%
Disaster 2 Assignments 20%
Management
2 Tests 20 %
605/21/S25
113

NUMBER %
1 INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER 20
MANAGEMENT
2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND 15

RESPONSE
3 RECOVERY, REHABILITATION AND 15

RECONSTRUCTION
4 PUBLIC HEALTH & HEALTHCARE ROLES 25

IN A DISASTER RESPONSE
5 PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTER 10

SURVEILANCE AND COMMUNICATION
6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER 5

MANAGEMENT
7 COMMUNITY LINKAGE IN DISASTER 10

MANAGEMENT
TOTAL 100
SUGGESTED REFERENCES
1. Disaster Management Guidelines, GOI-UND Disaster Risk Program (2009-
2012)
2. Damon, P. Copola, (2006) Introduction to International Disaster Management,
Butterworth Heineman.
3. Gupta A.K., Niar S.S and Chatterjee S. (2013) Disaster management and Risk
Reduction, Role of Environmental Knowledge, Narosa Publishing House,
Delhi.
114
4. Murthy D.B.N. (2012) Disaster Management, Deep and Deep Publication
PVT. Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Modh S. (2010) Managing Natural Disasters, Mac Millan publishers India
LTD.
6 Landesman, Y.L., 2001, Public health management of disasters: The practice
guide.
7 Haddow, G., D., Bullock, J., A., 2003, Introduction to Emergency Management,
Elsevier Science, USA.
8 Disaster Management Center, Department of Engineering Professional

Development
University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006, Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects:

432
North Lake Street Madison, WI 53706 U.S.A.
9 Civil Protection Act, Zimbabwe
10 The Sphere Handbook
115

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MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

COURSE CODE: 605/21/TN/0

Implementation Date: January 2022

1. Ministry of Health and Child Care 2021

2. Bulawayo City 2021

3. Environmental Health Practitioners Council 2021

4. Zimbabwe National Army 2021

5. Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Company (ZIMASCO) 2021

6. Zimbabwe Environmental Health Practitioners Association 2021

7. Institute of Water and Sanitation 2021

8. Gweru Multidisciplinary Training School 2021

9. National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) 2021

10. Gwanda Multidisciplinary Training School 2021

11. Government Analyst Laboratory 2021

12. Harare City 2021

1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

5.0 COURSE DURATION

12 SOCIAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

14 PHYSICAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

15 RESEARCH 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

16 OCCUPATIONAL 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20% 100%

13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES

15: SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Glanz, (1987): (1987) Health Education a London

Keith, (1989) New Strategies in

LandamJohn (1980) Human and Physiology London Foresman and

PART II: CONTENT

4.2 BUILDING TOOLS

4.3 BUILDING MATERIALS

4.4 LOCATION OF BUILDINGS

4.5 BUILDING PROCEDURES

4.7 DOORS AND WINDOW FRAMES

4.12VENTILATION AND LIGHTING

4.16DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION OF BUILDING PLANS

BUILDING 3-hour paper A minimum of 100%

6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING %

7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

SUBJECT: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

4.5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

4.6 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

4.12 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 male reproductive system

5.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

SUBJECT/ CODE WRITTEN CONTINUOUS WEIGHTIN

Human 3 hour paper 2 Tests - 20%

6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING%

1. Cell Structure, Function and Tissues 15

2. Muscles and the skeletal system 20

3. The Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems 15

4. Digestive and Excretory Systems 15

5. Nervous and Endocrinology System 15

7. Respiratory system and Special Senses 10

7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

Rizzo, D.C., 2015. Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. Cengage Learning