Human Sensor based detection system forlightingpurpose

A Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of

therequirementsforthedegreeofB.EinElectricalEngineering
BY

NAMEOFSTUDENTS ENROLLMENTNO.

1. PATEL SHIVAMKUMAR RAMCHANDRA 221103109022

2.PATEL HITEN RAKESHBHAI 221103109012
3. PATEL HARSH RAJESHKUMAR 221103109011
4.PATEL HARSH DHANSUKHBHAI 221103109010

Underthesupervisionof
PROF.DHARMISTHA PATEL
DepartmentOfElectricalEngineering
GIDC DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLAGE,
ABRAMA, NAVSARI
GujaratTechnologicalUniversity
©2022-23

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 CERTIFICATE

SHIVAMKU MAR R. PATEL, HITEN R.PATEL,

HARSH R. PATEL,
HARSH D. PATELof B.E. II(electrical
Engineering)Semester3havesuccessfullycomplete
d
thecourseworkandrelatedtasksfortheprojectHuma
n Sensor based detection system for
lightingpurpose during the academic term ending
in the2023

Date:
Place:ABRAMA
Prof.DHARMISTHA PATEL
FacultyGuide HeadoftheDepartment

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all
thosewho gave us the valuable support in completing this report.A
special thanks to our project coordinators, Divyesh.R.Parmar
whose help,simulating suggestions and encouragement,helped us in
preparing this report.We would also like to acknowledge with much
appreciationthecr ucial role of the staff of Electrical Department Last
but not leastmany thanks go to our Head of the Department, Prof.
Vishal Y. Doshiwho has given his full efforts in guiding the team in
achieving the goalas well as his encouragement to
maintain our progress in track. Wewould like to
appreciate the guidance given by other
supervisors,especiallyinourprojectpresentation,thathasimprovedourp
resentationskillsby valuablecomment andtips.

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 ABSTRACT

Energy wastage is not ideal in oursociety because it

increaseselectricity
costandevenincreasethemeansofmaintainingelectricity production.
Most frequently, power wastage occursthrough the bulbs fitted on
the stair case in homes because
itslightisalwaysONevenwhennotused.Thisconstantlightonthestai r
case increases electricity costs through non–
conservedenergy.This report presents the use of sensor based
humandetectortoswitchONthestaircaselightonlywhenthepresenc eof
human motion is detected on the stair case and also switchOFF the
staircase light when human motion is not detectedthereby
increasing effective energy conservation and
reductionofelectricitycost.PassiveInfrared(PIR)sensor,BC547Tra
nsistor, SPDT relay and other electronic components
wereemployed to accomplish the construction of the device.
Thedevicewas testedanditfunctionedwell.

Keywords: Human motion, Passive Infrared Sensor,

Staircase,Transistor,Relay,Lighting..

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CONTENT:-

ChapterN Content PageNo.

o.

1. Introduction 8
Working 11
2. COMPONENTSDETAILS 12
1.PassiveInfraredSensor(PIR) 13
2.Resistor 14
3.Transistor 14
4.Diode 15
5.Relay 15
6. Pcbboard 16
7. Battery 16

3. EVALUATIONOFIDEA
AEIOUSSummary 17
3.1 Activities 17
3.2 Environment 18
3.3 Interactions 18
3.4 Objects 19
3.5 Users 19
3.6 AEIOUSummary
20

4. MINDMAP 21

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5. Empathy canvas 22
5.1 User 23
5.2 Stakeholders 23
5.3 Activities 24
5.4 Story Boarding 24
5.5 Empathy Mapping 26

6. Ideation Canvas 27
6.1 People 28
6.2 Activities 29
6.3 Situation/Context/Location 29
6.4 Props/Tools/Objects/Equipment 30
6.5 Ideation Canvas 31

7. Product Developing Canvas 32

7.1 Purpose 32
7.2 People 33
7.3 Product Experience 33
7.4 Product Function 34
7.5 Product Features 34
7.6 Components 35
7.7 Customer Revalidation 35
7.8 Reject/Redesign/Retain 36
7.9 ProductDevelopingCanvas 37

8. 8.1 Conclution 38
8.2 References 38

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FigureList:-

Figure NameOfFigure. Page

No. No.
1.1 Block 9
1.2 DiagramCircuit 10
diagram
PassiveInfraredSensor(PIR) 11
2.1
Resistor 14
2.2
2.3 Transistor 14
2.4 DiodeRel 15
2.5 ay 15
2.6 Pcb board 16
2.7 Battery 16

3 AEIOUSummary 20
4 MindMap 21
5 Empathymapping 26
6 Ideationcanvas/framework 31
7 ProductDevelopingCanvas 37

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CHAPTER1

Introduction
Staircaselightingisneededtolightthewaywhileclimbingastaircase.Uncou
ntableaccidentshaveoccurredduetopoorornostaircaselighting. Several
of such accidents have resulted in permanent
injuriestopeopleincludingbonefractures.Insomecases,ithasledtoperman
entdisabilityanddamagestoproperties.StaircaselightingoughttobeONon
lywhenitisneeded.Theyareofcourseneededonlywhen necessary, to save
energy and energy costs. Staircase lighting isextremely important in
terms of safety. Dark spots and shadows alongstaircases may
cause safety risks. For this reason,
necessarycalculations must be done before the installation
of
staircase lightingsystems. Glare from lighting fixtures and
windows should
beminimized.Therearedifferentclassesoflightingschemes,nam
e
ly,Direct Lighting, IndirectLighting, semi-direct,
semi- indirect
andgeneraldiffusingLightingSystem.Awellconstructedlightings
chemeis the one that provides adequate illumination, avoids glare and
hardshadows, and provides sufficient uniform distribution of light all
overthe working plane (Theraja and Theraja, 2002). The traditional
way ofcontrolling the staircase lighting was by use of twoway
switching. Themodern staircase lighting consists of a simple circuit
that makes use ofmotion/human detector or sensor/ to automatically
switch OFF/ON
anelectricalsystemsuchasthestaircaselighting.Transistors,lightemitting
diodes(LEDs),passiveinfrared(PIR)sensor,etc.canbeusedto construct a
light sensing device that can automatically be
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switchedONwhenmotionisdetectedorswitchOFFwhenmotionisnotdetected

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BlockDiagram:-
.

Figure.1.1

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Circuitdiagram:-

Figure.1.2

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Working
The DC supply is given to the PIR sensor. If there is any movement
inthe range of the sensor, then 5V is given as output. The resistor
whichisconnectedbetweenthe sensorandtransistor
actsasthe
currentlimitingdevice.Thetransistorisconnectedinordertopreventthebac
kflow of the current. The temperature difference is sensed by the
PIRsensor and the output is given to the transistor and then to relay.
Therelay circuit acts as switch. It has two terminals, normally closed
andnormally open. The common of the relay gets connected to
normallyopenandcircuitgetsclosedandthefluorescentlampisON.Whenth
ereis no movement there is no input to the PIR sensor hence the output
is0V and common of the relay remains connected to normally closed,
socircuit remains open and fluorescent lamp is OFF. Thus the power
issavedwhennotinuse.

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CHAPTER2
COMPONENTSDETAILS:-
1. Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)

2. Resistor

3. Transistor

4. Diode

5. Relay

6. Pcb Board

7. Battery

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1. PassiveInfraredSensor(PIR)
Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of pyro electric sensors
todetectheatenergyinthesurroundingenvironment.Thesetwosensors
sitbesideeachother,andwhenthesignaldifferentialbetweenthetwosens
orschangesthesensorwillengage.RangeofPIRSensor Indoor passive
infrared: Detection distances range from 25 cmto 20 m. Indoor
curtain type: The detection distance ranges from 25cm to 20 m.
Outdoor passive infrared: The detection distance rangesfrom10
metersto150meters.

Figure2.1

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2.Resistor
A passive electrical component with two terminals that are used
foreither limiting or regulating the flow of electric current in
electricalcircuits.Themainpurposeofresistoristoreducethecurrentflowan
dtolowerthevoltagein anyparticularportionofthecircuit.

Figure2.2

3. Transistor
A transistor can act as a switch or gate for electronic signals,
openingand closing an electronic gate many times per second. It
ensures thecircuitisonifthecurrentisflowingandswitchedoffifit isn't.
Transistors are used in complex switching circuits that comprise
allmoderntelecommunicationssystems.

Figure2.3

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4. Diode
used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches,
signalmodulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and
oscillators. Thefundamental property of a diode is its tendency to
conduct electriccurrentinonly one direction.

5. Relay Figure2.4

Relays are electrically operated switches that open and close

thecircuits by receiving electrical signals from outside sources.
Theprincipleofelectromagneticinduction.Whentheelectromagnetisap
pliedwithsomecurrent,itinducesamagneticfieldaroundit.

Figure2.5
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6. Pcbboard
printedcircuitboard,orPCboard,orPCB,isanon-
conductivematerialwithconductivelinesprintedoretched.Electronicc
omponents are mounted on the board and the traces connect
thecomponentstogethertoforma workingcircuitorassembly.

Figurer2.6

7. Battery
Itisusuallyusedinsmallportableappliances.

Figure2.7

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CHAPTER3
AEIOUSSummary

3.1 Activities
3.2 Environment
3.3 Interactions
3.4 Objects
3.5 Users
3.6 Aeiou Summary

3.1 Activities:-
Activities states as a different-different activity done by users
indomainareaduringobservation.It’smentionedhereincanvas.

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 3.2 ENVIRONMENT:-
Anenvironmentstateastheconditionsfeelsbyoursenses.Thisismentio
nedhereincanvas.

3.3 INTREACTION:-
Interaction states as the relation between one things to
anotherit’slivingornon-livingthing.It’smentionedhereincanvas.

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 3.4 OBJECTS:-
Objectsstatesastheequipment/deviceusedbyusersforperforming
activities.It’smentionedhereincanvas.

3.5 USERS:-
Usersstatesastheactivityperformerorwhoperforminganyacti
vities.It’smentionedhere incanvas

.
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3.6 AEIOUSummary:-

Figure.3

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CHAPTER4

4.1MINDMAP:-

Figure.4

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 CHAPTER5

Empathy Canvas

5.1 User
5.2 Stakeholders
5.3 Activities
5.4 Story Boarding
5.5 Empathy Mapping

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 Empathycanvasconsistoffourparts:-
5.1User5.2Stakehol
ders5.3Activities5.4
StoryBoarding

5.1 User

5.2 Stakeholders
Stakeholdersrelatedtoallthatwhoperforminganyactivityrelatedtoarea.

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5.3 Activities

5.4 StoryBoarding
StoryBoardingconsistsoftwoparts:HappySt
ory, SadStory

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HappyStory

SadStory

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5.5 Empathymapping

Figrue.5

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CHAPTER6
Ideationcanvas:-
6.1 People

6.2 Activiies

6.3 Situation/Context/Location

6.4 Props/Tools/Objects/Equipment

6.5 Ideation Canvas

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 Ideationcanvas/framework:-
IdeationCanvasarethesecondstepofproject.FromtheAEIOUSum mary
Canvas, you have an idea what are the people? InIdeation canvas, you
have to Carry out this type of activities isrelated to your project and
people? What is the situation andlocation regarding to activities? then
after you find the possibleSolution.

Ideationcanvasconsistsoffourparts:
6.1 People
6.2 Activities
6.3 Situation/Context/Location
6.4 Props/Tools/Objects/Equipment

6.1 People:-

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6.2 Activities:-

6.3 Situation/Context/Location:-

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6.4 Props/Tools/objects/Equipment:-

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6.5 Ideationcanvas/framework:-

figure.6
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CHAPTER7:-
Productdevelopingcanvas.

7.1 Purpose
7.2 People
7.3 ProductExperience
7.4 ProductFunctions
7.5 ProductFeatures
7.6 Components
7.7 CustomerRevalidation
7.8 Reject/Redesign/Retain
7.9 ProductDevelopingCanvas:-

Purpose:-

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 People:-

ProductExperience:-

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ProductFunctions:-

ProductFeatures:-

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Components:-

CustomerRevalidation:-

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Reject/Redesign/Retain:-

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ProductDevelopingCanvas:-

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CHAPTER8:-
CONCLUSION:-
The constructed sensor based human detector for lighting
purposepresents one of the simplest and effective ways of saving
energyautomatically in any room of a building or organization. This
wasachieved by the application of the Passive Infra-red sensor and
therelay as the major building blocks. A randomly selected test
forduration of 3 hours using the module showed a 15% saving in
theenergy consumption. This is based on the premise that the
manualcontrol switches are operated with 50% accuracy. In this PIR
SensorBased human detector for lighting purpose on the stair case
System,low power, low cost PIR sensor that are easy to interface
with
othercomponentswasused.Byusingthissystem,powerconsumptionwa
sreducedandfinallyitcanalsobeusedincarparkinglotsandinStreetlightin
gsystem.

References:-

o https://circuitdigest.com/electroniccircuits/automatic-room-lights-
using- pirsensor-and-relay

o https://circuitdigest.com/electroniccircuits/automatic-room-lights-
using- pirsensor-and-relay

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