f'k{kk funs'kky;] jk"Vh; jkt/kkuh {ks=] fnYyh

vH;kl iz'u i=&gy lfgr

d{kk& ¼2023&24½
fganh ¼,sfPNd½ ¼002½
vf/kdre va d &80
vof/k% 3
iz'u 1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,A

tc dksbZ ohj iq#"k fdlh dks {kek djrk gS rks og lquus vkSj ns[kus esa vPNk
yxrk gSA ysfdu tc dksbZ dk;j vkSj detksj O;fä fdlh dks {kek djus dh ckr
djrk gS] rks ;g migkl dh ckr gks tkrh gSA ;fn ge vius dks cM+k ekurs gS ge
cy'kkyh vkSj fo}ku gSa rks ;gh {kek gekjs thou dk vyadkj cu tkrh gSA f'k{kd
cPpksa dks i<+krs gSA cPpksa dk dke gksrk gS Hkwy djukA ;fn f'k{kd mu Hkwyksa dks {kek
dj nsrs gSa rks ;gk¡ f'k{kd dh xfjek c<+rh gS] e;kZnk c<+rh gSA blls mudks lgh
dk ifjp; feyrk gS] ij ;fn cPpksa dks mudh fdlh çdkj dh NksVh eksVh Hkwyksa ds
fy, jktk nh tk,- mUgsa ihVk tk,] M‚Vk QVdkjk tk,] mUgsa uhpk fn[kkus dk ç;kl
fd;k tk, rks ml O;fä ;k f'k{kd dks ge {kek'khy ugha dg ldrsA ,slk djuk
gekjh Hkwy gh gksxhA
;g gekjh dkSulh egkurk gksxh fd fdlh us dqN Hkwy dj nh vkSj geus mlds
cnys mls nks gkFk yxk fn,A euq"; ds leku dksbZ nwljk vkRe?kkrh tho bl lalkj
esa feyuk eqf'dy gSA bl lalkj esa euq"; gh ,dek= ,slk çk.kh gS tks dsoy viuk
gh uqdlku djus ds ihNs iM+k jgrk gSA blds flok; lalkj esa ,slk dksbZ vkSj nwljk
tho ugha gS tks viuk uqdlku Lo;a djus dh rkd esa yxk jgrk gks ge tks Hkwy
djrs pys vk jgs gSa- mlls gekjs 'kjhj dk {k; gksrk gS] gekjk gh 'kjhj VwVrk gS]
fo—r gksrk gS ij fQj Hkh ge euq"; xyrh ij xyrh djrs pys tkrs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1- dk;j vkSj detksj O;fDr dk dkSu&lk dk;Z migkl dk dkj.k cu tkrk gS\
¼d½ nwljksa dk migkl djuk
¼[k½ nwljksa dh lsok djuk
184 XI – Hindi
 ¼x½ fdlh dks {kek djuk
¼?k½ dkyk djuk
2- {kek gekjs thou dk vyadkj dc curh gSA
¼d½ tc ge fdlh dks {kek djrs gSaA
¼[k½ cyoku fo}ku vkSj çcq) gksus ij Hkh nwljksa dks {kek djukA
¼x½ tc ge c<+k&p<+kdj ckr djrs gSaA
¼?k½ tc ge iwjh rjg detksj gks
3- f'k{kd dh xfjek vkSj e;kZnk dc c<+rh gS\
¼d½ tc og Nk=ksa dks naM nsrk gSA
¼[k½ tc og vius dke dks ukSdjh le>rk gSA
¼x½ tc og Nk=ksa dh Hkwyksa dks {kek dj nsrk gSA
¼?k½ og Nk=ksa dh ckr dks vulquh dj nsrk gSA
4- euq"; dks vkRe?kkrh tho D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
¼d½ D;ksafd ;g lHkh dk fgr pkgrk gSA
¼[k½ D;ksafd mlds leku fgrdkjh dksbZ ugha gSA
¼x½ D;ksafd og dsoy viuk fgr djrk gSA
¼?k½ D;ksafd og ges'kk viuk uqdlku djus dks rRij jgrk gS-
5- xfjek 'kCn dk fo'ks"k.k gS&
¼d½ xkSjo
¼[k½ yf?kek
¼x½ xfjeke;
¼?k½ xfjek okyk
6- f'k{kd dc {kek'khy ugha gksrk \
¼d½ tc og cPpksa dh xyrh ij mUgsa ltk nsrk gSA
¼[k½ ;g cPpksa dh xyrh ij mUgsa ltk ugha nsrk gSA
¼x½ ;g viuh e;kZnk dks c<+krk gSA
¼?k½ og cPpksa dks i<+krk gS
185 XI – Hindi
7- cPpksa dk D;k dke gksrk gS\
¼d½ dke djuk
¼[k½ Hkwy djuk
¼x½ [ksyuk
¼?k½ i<+uk
8- ^çcq)* 'kCn esa ç;qä milxZ D;k gS\
¼d½ cq)
¼[k½ ç
¼x½ çcq
¼?k½ )
9- lokZf/kd mfpr fodYi dk p;u dhft,&
dFku (A) % euq"; ds lkeku dksbZ nwljk vkRe?kkrh tho bl lalkj esa feyuk
eqf'dy gSA
dkj.k (R) % bl lalkj esa dsoy euq"; gh ,slk izk.kh gS tks viuk gh uqdlku
djus ds ihNs iM+k jgrk gSA
fodYi& (i) dFku (A) lgh gS fdarq dkj.k (R) lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(ii) dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa xyr gSA
(iii) dFku (A) lgh ugha gS] fdarq dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
(iv) dFku (A) o dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSaA
10- x|ka'k ds fy, mfpr 'kh"kZd gksxk
¼d½ {kek
¼[k½ {kek'khy
¼x½ {kek thou dk vyadkj
¼?k½ thou dk vyadkj vifBr i|ka'k

186 XI – Hindi
ç'u 2- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,&
er dkVks rqe ;s isM+
gSa ;s yTtk olu
bl eka olqa/kjk ds A
bl lagkj ds ckn v'kksd dh rjg
lpeqp rqe cgqr iNrkvksxs
cksyks fQj fdldh xksn esa flj fNikvksxs\ 'khry Nk;k
fQj dgka ls ikvksxs \
dgka ls ikvksxs fQj Qy\
dgka ls feysxk
'kL; ';keyrk dks
lhapus okyk ty\
jsfxLrkuksa esa rCnhy gks tk,axs [ksr
cjlsaxs dgka ls
meM+ ?kqeM+ dj ckny] \
Fkds gq, eqlkfQj
ik,axs dgka ls
Jegjh Nk;k
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1- yTtk olu D;k gksrk gS\
¼d½ yTtk ds oL=
¼[k½ ru <dus ds oL=
¼x½ i`Foh ds oL=
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ugha
2- isM+ksa ls ges D;k D;k feyrk gS\
¼d½ Nk;k ¼[k½ Qy
¼x½ gok ¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
187 XI – Hindi
3- v'kksd dkSu Fkk\
¼?k½ ,d isM+
¼[k½ ,d jktk
¼x½ ,d laU;klh
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ugha
4- Jegjh dk vFkZ gS\
¼?k½ Je dks gjkus okyk
¼[k½ Je dks thrus okyk
¼x½ Fkdku nwj djus okyk
¼?k½ buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5- fcuk isM+ks ds /kjrh dSlh gksxh
¼?k½ Ålj
¼[k½ catj
¼x½ jsfxLrku
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
6- dfo ds vuqlkj ge fdldh xksn esa flj j[k dj foJke djrs gSa\
¼?k½ ek¡ dh xksn esa
¼[k½ i`Foh dh xksn esa
¼x½ isM+ksa dh Nk;k esa
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
7- dfo 'kL; ';keyrk fdls dg jgk gS\
¼?k½ isM+ksa dks
¼[k½ [ksrksa dks
¼x½ olq/kk dks
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh

188 XI – Hindi
8- eqlkfQj dk D;k vFkZ gS\
¼d½ ?kweus okyk
¼[k½ ;k=h
¼x½ Je djus okyk
¼?k½ Fkdk gqvk
vfHkO;fä vkSj ek/;e
ç'u 3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,&

1- lapkj çfØ;k esa fdlds }kjk dwVokpu vFkok fMdksfMax dh tkrh gS\
¼d½ lapkjd
¼[k½ oäk
¼x½ çkIrdrkZ
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
2- tc nks O;fä vkil esa vkSj vkeus&lkeus lapkj djrs gSa] ,slh fLFkfr çdkj
ds lapkj dk mnkgj.k gS\
¼d½ var% oS;fäd
¼[k½ tulapkj
¼x½ lewg lapkj
¼?k½ varj oS;fäd lapkj
3- ckgj ls [kcjsa ykus dk dke dkSu djrk gS\
¼d½ laiknd
¼[k½ laoknnkrk
¼x½ lg&laiknd
¼?k½ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ughaA

189 XI – Hindi
4- fuEu esa ls fdlus fganh dk igyk lkIrkfgd i= fudkyk Fkk\
¼d½ mnar ekrZ.M
¼[k½ tsEl v‚xLV fgdh
¼x½ iafMr tqxy fd'kksj 'kqDy
¼?k½ jkepaæ 'kqDy
5- igyh ewd fQYe dkSu&lh Fkh \
¼d½ vkye vkjk
¼[k½ jktk gfj'paæ
¼x½ vadqj
¼?k½ jktk jkepUæ
ç'u 4- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,&

lkfgc va/k eqlkfgc ewd lHkk cfgjh

jax jh> dks ekP;ks
HkwY;ks rgka HkVD;ks ?kV vkS?kV
cwf<+cs dks dkgw deZ u ckP;ks
Hks"k u lw>;ks dg;ks le>;ks u
crk;ks lqU;ks u dgk #fp jkP;ks
nso rgka fucjs uV dh fcxjh efr
dks lxjh fufl ukP;ksA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1- dfo ds vuqlkj jkT; dk jktk dSlk Fkk
¼d½ çtk dks çse djus okyk
¼[k½ çtk dh ns[kHkky djus okyk
¼x½ çtk ls uQjr djus okyk
¼?k½ çtk esa #fp u j[kus okyk

190 XI – Hindi
2- dfo ds vuqlkj ml jkT; ds yksx dSls Fks\\
¼d½ drZO;fu"B
¼[k½ bZekunkj
¼x½ drZO; ls foeq[k
¼?k½ cqf)eku
3- dfo ds vuqlkj jkT; dk ea=h dSlk gS\
¼d½ va/kk
¼[k½ cgjk
¼x½ çtk ls çse djus okyk
¼?k½ çtk dh leL;k,a uk ns[kus okyk
4- dfo ds vuqlkj ml jkT; esa D;k D;k fcxM+k gqvk gS\
¼d½ jktk
¼[k½ ea=h
¼x½ çtk
¼?k½ lewpk jkT;
5- dfo ftl jkT; dh ckr dg jgk gS] og gS&
¼d½ çtk ds fy, loksZÙke
¼[k½ jktk ds fy, Js"B
¼x½ çtk ds fy, [kjkc
¼?k½ lcds fy, fcxM+k gqvk
ç'u 5- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,A
igys Hkh tc vk;Z yksx fganqLrku esa vkdj cls Fks] jktk vkSj czkã.kksa gh ds ftEes
;g dke Fkk fd ns'k esa ukuk çdkj dh fo|k vkSj uhfr QSykosa vkSj vc Hkh ;s yksx
pkgs fganqLrku çfrfnu dkSu dgs] çfrfNu c<+sA ij bUgha yksxksa dks lkjs lalkj ds
fudEesiu us ?ksj j[kk gSA ^^ckS)kjks eRljxzLrk vHko% Le;nwf"krk%A** ge ugha le>rs
fd budks ykt Hkh D;ksa ugha vkrh fd ml le; esa tc buds iq#"kksa ds ikl dksbZ
Hkh lkeku ugha Fkk rc mu yksxksa us taxy esa iÙks vkSj feêh dh dqfV;ksa esa cSBdj
191 XI – Hindi
ck¡l dh ufy;ksa ls tks rkjk xzg vkfn os/k djds mudh xfr fy[kh gS] og ,slh Bhd
gS fd lksyg yk[k #i;s ds ykxr dh foyk;r esa tks nwjchusa cuh gSa muls mu xzgksa
dks os/k djus esa Hkh ogh xfr Bhd vkrh gS vkSj tc vkt bl dky esa ge yksxksa dks
vaxzsth fo|k dh vksj txr dh mUufr dh —ik ls yk[kksa iqLrdsa vkSj gtkjksa ;a=
rS;kj gSaA rc ge yksx fujh pqaxh dh drokj Qsadus dh xkM+h cu jgs gSaA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1- çkphu le; esa f'k{kk ds çlkj dk ftEek fdl ij Fkk\
¼d½ jktk vkSj czkã.kksa ij
¼[k½ _f"k&eqfu;ksa ij
¼x½ ekrk firk ij
¼?k½ ?kj ds cqtqxksaZ ij
2- Hkkjro"kZ esa gekjs iwoZtksa us xzgksa dh xfr dks fdlls ns[kk o le>k\
¼d½ ckal dh cuh nwjchu ls
¼[k½ fdrkch x.kuk vkSj egaxs ;a=ksa ls
¼x½ ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa miyC/k fo'ks"k midj.kksa ls
¼?k½ iafMrksa ds peRdkjksa ls
3- ys[kd ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh;ksa dh lcls cM+h leL;k D;k gS\
¼d½ ifjJe
¼[k½ vgadkj
¼x½ fudEekiu
¼?k½ pkiywlh
4- pqaxh dh drokj dk vFkZ gS&
¼d½ E;qfuflikfyVh dk dpjk
¼[k½ uko pykus dk pIiw
¼x½ ljdkj }kjk olwyk tkus okyk VSDl
¼?k½ diM+ksa dh drju

192 XI – Hindi
5- ^ckS)kjks eRljxzLrk% izHko% Le;nwf"krk%* dk vFkZ gS&
(a) tkudkj bZ";kZyq gks pqds gSaA
(b) izHkko'kkyh yksx ?ke.Mh gks pqds gSaA
(c) ckS) /keZ ds vuq;k;h u'ks esa pwj gSaA
fodYi& (i) dsoy (a) (ii) dsoy (b)
(iii) (a) vkSj (b) (iv) (b) vkSj (c)

iwjd ikBî&iqLrd ¼varjky Hkkx 1½

ç'u 6- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,&
1- ^gqlSu dh dgkuh* viuh t+ckuh ikB fdl dh vkRedFkk gS\
¼d½ edcwy fQnk gqlSu
¼[k½ eksgu jkds'k
¼x½ 'kjrpaæ
¼?k½ fo".kq çHkkdj
2- gqlSu fdldh e`R;q ds ckn dejs esa can jgus yxk\
¼d½ nknh dh e`R;q
¼[k½ ukuh dh e`R;q
¼x½ nknk dh e`R;q
¼?k½ fe= dh e`R;q
3- fdl fQYe dk iksLVj ns[kdj edcwy dks v‚;y isafVax cukus dk fopkj
vk;k\
¼d½ yksgkx<+
¼[k½ flagx<+
¼x½ cgknqjx<+
¼?k½ yksgs dh nhokj

193 XI – Hindi
4- ^vkokjk elhgk* vkRedFkk ds ys[kd dkSu gS\
¼d½ 'kjrpaæ
¼[k½ fo".kq çHkkdj
¼x½ çsepan
¼?k½ jkeo`{k csuhiqjh
5- ukuk ds ifjokj dh vkfFkZd gkyr [kjkc gksus ij ifjokj dks ykSVdj dgk¡
okil tkuk iM+k\
¼d½ dydÙkk
¼[k½ foykliqj
¼x½ nsokuaniqj
¼?k½ jk;iqj
6- ftl le; 'kjr~ ds NksVs ukuk ef.k dks ekj jgs Fks ml le; 'kjr~ dgk¡ tkdj
fNi x;k\
¼d½ riksou esa
¼[k½ xksnke esa
¼x½ ikl ds VwVs&QwVs egy esa
¼?k½ xaxk ds fdukjsA
7- edcwy dh tUetkr dyk dk igyk ifjp; dgk¡ feyrk gS\
¼d½ xk¡/khth dk iksVªsV cukdj
¼[k½ tc d{kk esa gwcgw fpfM+;k cuk nh
¼x½ tc og csaæs lkgc ls feyk
¼?k½ tc firk us vks;y dyj fnyk,

vfHkO;fä vkSj ek/;e

ç'u 7- fuEufyf[kr fodYiksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij –'; ys[ku
dhft,A

194 XI – Hindi
ck<+ dk –';
vFkok
d{kk d{k dk –';
ç'u 8- fuEufyf[kr fn, x, fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh fo"k; ij yxHkx 120
'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A

IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ij çfrca/k ds ckotwn buds c<+rs ç;ksx ij vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku

vkdf"kZr djrs gq, {ks= ds çeq[k lekpkj&i= ds laiknd dks ,d i= fyf[k,A
vFkok
fnYyh uxj fuxe dk;kZy; esa fyfid in ds fy, Loo`Ùk lfgr i= fyf[k,A
ç'u ƒ- vkids Ldwy esa fganh lkfgR; ifj"kn dh ,d lHkk fganh fnol
lekjksg dks eukus gsrq vk;ksftr dh xbZA mldk çfrosnu fyf[k,A
vFkok

jsftMsaV~l osyQs;j lkslk;Vh] n;kuan fogkj dh dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dh cSBd ds

pquko ds fy, dk;Z lwph cukb,A
ç'u 10- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,&

1- Mk;jh ys[ku ds ykHk fyf[k,A

2- ukVd vkSj fQYe dh iVdFkk esa D;k varj gksrk gS\
ç'u 11- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,&

1- dLrwjh e`x ds vius ij fp<+us ds D;k dkj.k gSa\

2- 'kke gksrs gh dkSu&dkSu ?kj dh vksj ykSV iM+rs gSa\
3- fxfj/kj ukj uokofr ls l[kh dk D;k vk'k; gS\

195 XI – Hindi
ç'u 12- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k djsa&
dksbZ Vksdrk rd ugha
bl Mj ls
fd ex/k esa
Vksdus dk fjokt u cu tk,
,d ckj 'kq: gksus ij dgha ugha #drk gLr{ksi&
oSls rks ex/k fuokfl;ksa
fdruk Hkh drjkvksa
rqe cp ugha ldrs gLr{ksi ls&
tc dksbZ ugha djrk
rc uxj ds chp ls xqtjrk gqvk
eqnkZ
;g ç'u dj gLr{ksi djrk gS&
euq"; D;ksa ejrk gS\
vFkok
lkfgc va/k] eqlkfgc ewd] lHkk cfgjh] jax jh> dks ekP;ks A
HkwY;ks rgk¡ HkVD;ks ?kV vkS?kV cwf<+;s dks dkgw deZ u ckP;ks A
Hks"k u lw>k;ks] dks le>;ks u] crk;ks lqU;ksa u] dgk #fp jkP;ks A
^nso* rgk¡ fucjs uV dh fcxjh efr dks lxjh fufl ukP;ks AA
iz'u 13-
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ç'uks ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,&

^[kkukcnks'k* dgkuh esa vkt ds lekt dh fdu&fdu leL;kvksa dks js[kkafdr

fd;k x;k gS\
^nksigj dk Hkkstu* 'kh"kZd fdl çdkj ls lkFkZd gS\
^VkpZ cspus okys* ikB ds vk/kkj ij fuEu dFku dks Li"V djsa& HkO; iq#"k us
dgk& ^^tgk¡ va/kdkj gS ogha çdk'k gSA**

196 XI – Hindi
iz'u 14- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&

1888 esa T;ksfrck Qqys dks ^egkRek* dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;k rks mUgksaus
dgk& ^^eq>s 'egkRek** dgdj esjs la?k"kZ dks iw.kZ fojke er nhft,A tc O;fä eBk/
kh'k cu tkrk gS rc og la?k"kZ ugha dj ldrkA blfy, vki lc lk/kkj.k tu gh
jgus nsa] eq>s vius chp ls vyx u djsaA- egkRek T;ksfrck Qqys dh lcls cM+h
fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd os tks dgrs Fks] mls vius vkpj.k vkSj O;ogkj esa mrkjdj
fn[kkrs FksA
vFkok
lewpk fnu v–'; Hk; vkSj ng'kr esa chrk FkkA tlnso dks gydk cq[kkj gks x;k
FkkA og viuh >ksiM+h esa iM+k FkkA lqfd;k mlds ikl cSBk FkkA vkt dh ?kVuk ls
etnwj Mj x, FksA mUgsa yx jgk Fkk fd lwcs flag fdlh Hkh oä ykSVdj vk ldrk
gSA 'kke gksrs gh Hkês ij lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA lc vius&vius [kksy esa fleV x,
FksA fcyfl;k] tks vdlj ckgj isM+ ds uhps nsj jkr rd cSBk jgrk FkkA vkt 'kke
gksrs gh viuh >ksiM+h esa tkdj ysV x;k FkkA mlds [kk¡lus dh vkokt Hkh vkt dqN
/kheh gks xbZ FkhA fdluh dh >ksaiM+h ls VªkaftLVj dh vkokt Hkh ugha vk jgh FkhA
iz'u 15- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ç'u dk mÙkj yxHkx 40&50 'kCnksa
esa fyf[k,&

¼1½ ikB esa edcwy ds firk ds O;fäRo dh dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa mHkjdj vkbZ gS\
¼gqlsu 29 dh dgkuh viuh tckuh ikB ls½
¼2½ ml le; og lksp Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk fd euq"; dk nq%[k igq¡pkus ds vykok
Hkh lkfgR; dk dksbZ mís'; gks ldrk gS\ ys[kd us ,slk D;ksa dgk\ vkids
fopkj ls dkSu& dkSu ls mís'; gks ldrs gSa\

mÙkj ladsr
mÙkj 1
1- ¼x½ fdlh dks {kek djuk
2- ¼[k½ cyoku fo}ku vkSj çcq) gksus ij Hkh nwljksa dks {kek djukA
197 XI – Hindi
3- ¼x½ tc f'k{kd Nk=ksa dh Hkwyksa dks {kek dj nsrk gSA
4- ¼?k½ D;ksafd og ges'kk viuk uqdlku djus dks rRij jgrk gS
5- ¼x½ xfjeke;
6- ¼[k½ tc ;g cPpksa dh xyrh ij mUgsa ltk nsrk gSA
7- ¼[k½ Hkwy djuk
8- ¼[k½ ç
9- (iv) dFku (A) o dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSaA
10- ¼x½ {kek thou dk vyadkj
mÙkj 2
1- ¼[k½ ru <dus ds oL=
2- ¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
3- ¼[k½ ,d jktk
4- ¼x½ Fkdku nwj djus okyk
5- ¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
6- ¼x½ isM+ksa dh Nk;k esa
7- ¼x½ olq/kk dks
8- ¼[k½ ;k=h
mÙkj 3
1- ¼x½ çkIrdÙkkZ
2- ¼?k½ vUrjoS;fäd lapkj
3- ¼x½ laoknnkrk
4- ¼x½ ia- tqxy fd'kksj 'kqDy
5- ¼[k½ jktk gfj'paæ
mÙkj 4
1- ¼?k½ çtk esa #fp u j[kus okyk

198 XI – Hindi
2- ¼x½ drZO; ls foeq[k
3- ¼?k½ çtk dh leL;k,a uk ns[kus okyk
4- ¼?k½ lewpk jkT;
5- ¼?k½ lcds fy, fcxM+k gqvk
mÙkj 5
1- ¼d½ jktk vkSj czkã.kksa ij
2- ¼d½ ckal dh cuh nwjchu ls
3- ¼x½ fudEekiu
4- ¼d½ E;qfuflikfyVh dk dpjk
5- (iii) (a) vkSj (b)
mÙkj 6
1- ¼d½ edcwy fQnk gqlSu
2- ¼x½ nknk dh e`R;q
3- ¼[k½ flag x<+
4- ¼[k½ [k fo".kq çHkkdj
5- ¼x½ x nsokuan iqj
6- ¼[k½ xksnke esa
7- ¼[k½ tc d{kk esa gw c gw fpfM+;k cuk nh
mÙkj 7
–'; ys[ku

ck<+ dk –';

–'; 1 @ nksigj @ ckgj @ xk¡o

,d cM+k {ks= tyeXu gSA rst j¶rkj esa cgrs ikuh vusd isM+ ikS/kksa] [ksr [kfygkuksa]
edkuksa vkfn dks vius esa lekrk tk jgk gSA ikuh esa eosf'k;ksa dh yk'ks rSj jgh gSaA
Mksfx;ksa esa lokj yksx vius t:jh lkeku dk lesVdj ijs'kkuh Hkjs eu ls pIiw pyk
199 XI – Hindi
jgs gSaA dqN yksx vklikl dh Åaph Nrksa ij p<+ dj cpko ny ds vkus dh çrh{kk
dj jgs gSaA jsfM;ks ij lekpkj cqysfVu py jgk gSA Nr ij lHkh yksx jsfM;ks ds
bnZ fxnZ [kM+s gSA Mksafx;ksa esa cSBs yksx eksckby Qksu ls viuh fLFkfr o viuksa ds
lqjf{kr gkypky dh tkudkjh lk>k dj jgs gSaA cPpksa ds tksj&tksj ls jksus dh
vkokts vk jgh gSaA lcds psgjs ij nq%[k vkSj Hk; Nyd jgk gSA vkleku esa
gsfyd‚IVj dh xM+xM+kgV lqukbZ ns jgh gSA gsfyd‚IVj ls Nrksa ij yksxksa ds fy,
[kkus ds iSdsV fxjk, tk jgs gSaA Hkw[k ls csgky yksx iSdsV lko/kkuhiwoZd yid jgs
gSa fdUrq dqN iSdsV ikuh esa Hkh fxj jgs gSaA fnu <y jgk gSA vkSj ikuh dh j¶rkj
c<+rh tk jgh gSA
dV Vw
vFkok
–'; 1 @ fnu @ vanj @ d{kk d{k @ v/;kid] nhid] 40 fo|kFkhZ
d{kk d{k ds eq[; njokts ds Bhd Åij ihyh iêh esa dkys jax ds eksVs v{kjksa esa
dejk la[;k 104 vafdr gSA ços'k }kj ds ck,a rjQ 11oha l ds uke dh r[rh yxh
gSA d{kk ds Hkhrj ';keiê ij fganh fo"k; ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkFkZ fy[ks gSaA ';keiê dh
lkeus dh nhokj ij yxs fMLIys cksMZ ij lHkh fo"k;ksa ds jaxhu pkVZ yxs gSaA 1 MsLdksa
dh pkj drkjksa ij lHkh Nk= 'kkar cSBs gSa o rYyhurk ls ikB i< jgs gSaA fganh dh
d{kk py jgh gSA v/;kid ikB dk lLoj okpu djrs gq, d{kk esa /khjs&/khjs Vgy
jgs gSaA igyh drkj ds vafre MsLd ij igqapdj Nk= nhid dks ns[krs gSaA
v/;kid & xaHkhjrk ls nhid] rqe bl le; ;g fp= D;ksa cuk jgs gks\ nhid&
[?kcjkrs gq,½ lj] oks---- oks lj A
¼lHkh cPps nhid dks ns[kdj g¡l jgs gSaA½
v/;kid& lgt gksdjÀ tjk fn[kkvksa rks fp=A vjs! okg! ;g rks vfr lqanj çk—
frd –'; gSA bldk mi;ksx ge 'ckny dks f?kjrs ns[kk gS* dfork esa t:j djsaxsA
lHkh cPps nhid fy, rkyh ctk,axsA
¼rM+ rM+ rM+ rM+ rkfy;ksa dh vkokt d{kk esa xwat jgh gSA
v/;kid& ¼nhid dks I;kj ls le>krs gq,A csVk! ;g fp= vodk'k ds le; esa
vo'; iwjk djukA vHkh vki /;ku iwoZd ikB lef>,A

200 XI – Hindi
nhid & [ vknj Hkko ls½ th lj] eSa {kek çkFkhZ gw¡A vc eSa ikB ij /;ku nwaxkA v/
;kid g"kZ vuqHkwfr ds lkFk ikB dk lLoj okpu djrs gq, vkxs c<+ x, gSaA
dVVw
mÙkj 8 ¼d½
ijh{kk Hkou]
ubZ fnYyh
15 flrEcj 2021
çfr
lEiknd
uoHkkjr VkbEl
cgknqj 'kkg tQj ekxZ]
ubZ fnYyh&110001
fo"k;& IykfLVd FkSyh ij çfrca/k ds ckotwn buds c<rs ç;ksx ds laca/k esaA
egksn;@egksn;k
eSa vki ds çfrf"Br ,oa yksdfç; lekpkj i= ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds ukxfjdksa vkSj
vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku IykfLVd FkSyks ij çfrca/k ds ckotwn buds c<+rs ç;ksx ij
fnykuk pkgrk gw¡ A
fnYyh gekjs ns'k dh jkt/kkuh gS rFkk fo'o ds çeq[k uxjksa esa fxuh tkrh gS vkt
fnYyh egkuxj dh çnw"k.k leL;k vR;ar fparktud gSA gkykafd ljdkj us
IykfLVd FkSyksa i çfrca/k yxk fn;k gS ijarq tSlk fd ge ns[krs gSa fd vkt Hkh cktkj
esa gj rjg dh oLrqvksa dks IykfLVd cSx esa gh Mky dj cspk tkrk gSA
IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ksa dk mi;ksx i;kZoj.k ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA ;g yksxksa dh
thou 'kSyh dh ,d vke t:jr cu xbZ gSA blh dkj.k yksx blds nq"çHkkoksa dks
tkurs gq, Hkh blds mi;ksx dks iwjh rjg can ugha dj ik jgs gSaA çfrfnu IykfLVd
cSx esa gh dwM+k Hkjdj dwM+snku esa Mkyk tkrk gSA lfCt;k¡ o Qy ykus esa Hkh
IykfLVd dk gh mi;ksx gks jgk gSA IykfLVd dks tyk, tkus ij çnw"k.k c<+rk gSA
ty ljksoj ds ikuh esa Hkh IykfLVd cSx mi;ksx djds Qsad fn;k tkrk gS ftls ty
201 XI – Hindi
tarq [kkdj ej jgs gSaA gesa bl leL;k ds çfr tkx:drk dks viukuk pkfg,A esjk
vf/kdkfj;ksa ls fouez fuosnu gS fd bl fn'kk esa dksbZ Bksl dne mBkdj bl leL;k
dk lek/kku djsaA
vk'kk gS fd esjs fopkjksa dks vki vius lekpkj i= esa LFkku nsaxs rkfd yksxksa vkSj
ljdkj ds lk>k ç;klksa ls bl leL;k dk LFkkbZ fuokj.k gks ldsA
/kU;okn
Hkonh;
d [k x
vFkok
ijh{kk Hkou
ubZ fnYyh
24 ekpZ] 2021
çfr
v/;{k
fnYyh uxj fuxe
fnYyh
fo"k; & fyfid in gsrq vkosnu i= A
egksn; @ egksn;k
nSfud tkxj.k esa fnukad 10 ekpZ] 2021 dk çdkf'kr foKkiu ls Kkr gqvk fd
vkids foHkkx esa fyfid ds dqN in fjä gSaA eSa Lo;a dks bl in ds mEehnokj ds
:i esa çLrqr dj jgk gw¡A eSa vkidks vk'oLr djrk gw¡ fd ;fn vki eq>s volj nsaxs
rks eSa viuk dk;Z iw.kZ yxu ifjJe vkSj fu"Bk ls d:¡xkA vk'kk gS fd vki esjs
vkosnu ij /;ku iwoZd fopkj djsx a sA eSa 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkvksa] dk;Z vuqHko vkfn fooj.k
lfgr viuk Loo`Ùk layXu dj jgk gw¡A

202 XI – Hindi
Hkonh;
d [k x
lard
'kSf{kd rFkk vU; çek.k i=ksa dh çfrfyfi;ksa
ikliksVZ vkdkj dh QksVks
Loo`r
uked [kx
firk dk uke d [k x
tUe frfFk& d [k x
LFkkbZ irk d [k x
'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk,¡
Øe ijh{kk fo|ky; mrh.kZ o"kZ çfr'kr
la[;k @fMxzh @ fo'ofo|ky;
1 nloha d{kk lh-ch-,l-bZ 2007 80
2 ckjgoha d{kk lh-ch-,l-bZ 2009 85
3 ch-,- fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; 2012 60
vU;
O;kolkf;d ;ksX;rk&Vad.k esa ,d o"khZ; fMIyksek o 50 'kCn çfr feuV dh xfr
dk;Z vuqHko & jsyos foHkkx esa nks o"kZ dk vuqHko
vU; #fp;ka & ;k=k lEcU/kh Cy‚x ys[ku
Hkk"kk Kku & fganh] vaxzsth o iatkch

203 XI – Hindi
laidZ%
1- ç/kkukpk;Z loksZn; fo|ky;] jksfg.kh
2- çcU/kd] dsujk cSad] jksfg.kh
fnukad& 12 tuojh] 2021
mÙkj 9
fganh Hkk"kk ds çfr lEeku o fodkl lEca/kh çfrosnu
¼d½ Ldwy esa fganh Hkk"kk ds çfr lEeku bldk fujarj mi;ksx djus ds Hkko txkus
o bldh oSKkfud ço`fÙk dks le>kus ds fy, 14 flrEcj 20 dks fo|ky; ds
ç/kkukpk;Z Jh ds- ih- flag us fganh lkfgR; ifj"kn ds lkFk ,d lHkk vk;ksftr dh
ftlesa fuEufyf[kr lnL; FksA
Jherh futZjk & fganh f'k{kd ¼lfpo½
Jherh ;'kksnk& fganh f'k{kd ¼lnL;½
Jh lq'khy & fganh f'k{kd ¼lnL;½
fodkl dqekj& Nk= ¼lnL;½
euh"kk Nk=k ¼lnL;½
fganh lkfgR; ifj"kn }kjk ;g vuqHko fd;k x;k fd vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk çkIr djus
ds dkj.k foKku o okf.kT; fo"k; i<us okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lkekU; cksypky dh
Hkk"kk esa vaxzsth dk çHkko fujarj c<+ jgk gS tks mfpr ugha gSA fganh gekjs ns'k dh
jktHkk"kk gSA fdlh Hkh Lora= jk"Vª ds fy, viuh Hkk"kk dh igpku vkSj ç;ksx xoZ
dh ckr gSA vr% fuEufyf[kr dk;Z;kstuk ls fganh Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;fä dks c<+kok fn;k
tk,xkA
fo|ky; esa fu;fer :i ls Hkk"k.k] dfork ikB vkSj ç'uksÙkjh çfr;ksfxrk vk;ksftr
dh tk,xhA
fganh ds xkSjo dks çdV djus okyh mfä;k¡ fo|ky; ifjlj esa fy[kh tk,xhA
xr o"kZ dh fganh ijh{kk fo"k; esa vf/kdre vad çkIr djus okys çR;sd d{kk ds
fo|kFkhZ dks lEekfur fd;k tk,xkA

204 XI – Hindi
fnukad
gLrk{kj
1- lfpo 2- lnL; 3- lnL; 4- lnL; 5- lnL;
vFkok
cSBd dh frfFk & 23 tuojh
le; 2%00 cts
LFkku& n;kuUn fogkj] fnYyh
dk;Z lwph&
1- lfpo dk Lokxr
2- fiNyh cSBd ds dk;Zo`Ùk ij ppkZ
3- dk;Zdkfj.kh dh okf"kZd vke lHkk ds dk;ZØe ij fopkj
4- pquko frfFk o dk;ZØe fu/kkZj.k
5- lfefr ds vk; o O;; ij ppkZ
6- lfefr dk ?kks"k.k i=
7- /kU;okn Kkiu
gLrk{kj
¼lfpo½
jsftMsaV~l osyQs;j lkslkbVh-
n;kuUn fogkj
fnYyh
mÙkj 10
d- Mk;jh&ys[ku esa ge [kqn dks csgrj rjhds ls le> ikrs gSa rFkk vius vanj
vutkus esa tek gks jgs Hkkj ls eqä gksrs gSaA blls gesa vius xq.kksa vkSj voxq.kksa
dk gksrk gS tks gekjh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA Mk;jh ys[ku
gesa vius varjax ds lkFk lk{kkRdkj djus dk volj çnku djrk gSA Mk;jh
ds ek/;e ls ge vius vrhr dk Lej.k dj ldrs gSaA
205 XI – Hindi
[k- ukVd vkSj fQYe dh iVdFkk esa vUrj &
¼d½ ukVd ds –'; yEcs gksrs gSa fQYe ds NksVs A
¼[k½ ukVd ds ?kVukLFky lhfer gksrs gSa fQYe ds vlhfer A
¼x½ ukVd ,d ltho dyk ek/;e gSA
¼?k½ ukVd esa dFkk dk fodkl js[kh; gksrk gS fQYe esa fodkl dbZ çdkj ls
gksrk gSA
mÙkj 11
¼d½ dLrwjh e`x ¼fgj.k½ dh ukfHk esa dLrwjh clh gksrh gSA mldh lqxa/k mls eLr
djrh jgrh gS] ysfdu Hkkyk fgj.k bl lR; ls vifjfpr gksrk gSA og mls
<w¡<us ds fy, b/kj&m/kj nkSM+rk&fQjrk gS ij mls <w¡< ugha ikrkA dLrwjh dks
dgha Hkh u ikdj og fp<+&lk tkrk gSA
¼[k½ 'kke gksrs gh i'kq] i{kh] fdlku] O;kikjh ,oe~ oks lHkh yksx tks ?kjksa ls ckgj
gksrs gSa] ?kj dks ykSV tkrs gSaA
¼x½ fxfj/kj ukj uokofr' ls l[kh dk ;g vk'k; gS fd tks —".k xko/ku ioZr
dksmBkrs le; Hkh ugha >qds] ogh —".k eqjyh ds o'khHkwr gksdj viuh xnZu
>qdk nsrs gSaA oSls ck¡lqjh ctkus esa ;g ,d lkekU;&lh fØ;k ij l[kh lkSfr;k
Mkgo'k eqjyh dks L=h:i ekudj mlls bZ"kZ~;k j[krh gSA mlds dFku esa ;g
O;aX; gS fd —".k ,d lk/kkj.k ukjh ¼ck¡lqjh ds :i esa½ ds çse esa o'khHkwr gksdj
viuh xnZu rd uokus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA
mÙkj 12-
1- lanHkZ & çLrqr iafä;k¡ u;h dfork ds çeq[k gLrk{kj Jhdkar oekZ dh dfork
gLr{ksi ls m)`r gSaA çLrqr dfork- Jhdkar oekZ th ds 'ex/k' dkO; laxzg
dk vax gSaA
2- çlax çLrqr iafä;ksa esa dfo JhdkUr oekZ lÙkk dh fujadq'krk dk mYys[k dj
jgs gSAa dfo ds vuqlkj lÙkk dHkh ugha pkgrh fd mlds fdlh Hkh fØ;k&dyki
ij dksbZ ç'ufpUg yxk;k tk, ml Vksdk&Vksdh dks jksdus ds fy, lÙkk
fofHkUu çdkj ds fu;e cukrh gS Jh oekZ dgrs gSa fd&

206 XI – Hindi
3- O;k[;k &ex/k esa lÙkk ds gqDejkuksa us yksxksa esa bl rjg dk fopkj jksfir dj
fn;k gSA fd lÙkk ds fdlh Hkh dk;Z esa Vksdk&Vksdh ugha gksuh pkfg,] dksbZ Hkh
ç'u lÙkk i{k ls iwNs ugha tkus pkfg, ojuk Hkfo"; esa ç'u iwNus dk pyu cu
tk,xkA
dfo ds vuqlkj ex/k dh lÙkk fdlh Hkh çdkj ds Vksdk&Vksdh ds f[kykQ gSA
ysfdu dfo dgrk gS cgqr lkjh phtsa ,slh gS ftu ij lÙkk pkgdj Hkh fu;a=.k
ugha dj ldrh tSls Hkw[k] xjhch] chekjh bR;kfn ls ejrs gq, dksA tc dksbZ
Hkw[k] xjhch ;k ykpkjh ls ejrk gS rks uxj ds e/; ls xqtjrk gqvk eqnkZ ml
uxj ds leLr uxjokfl;ksa ls ç'u djrk gS fd ;fn rqEgkjh lkjh O;oLFkk
;fn bruh gh csgrjhu Fkh rks O;fä Hkw[k] xjhch ls Hkjk D;ksa\
4- lkfgfR;d lkSan;Z&
¼d½ Hkk"kk&[kM+h cksyh
¼x½ Nan&eqä Nan
¼³½ 'kCn 'kfä&O;atuk
¼[k½ jl& 'kkUr jl
¼?k½ xq.k&ek/kq;Z
¼p½ JhdkUr oekZ us ex/k ds cgkus lÙkk dh fujadq'krk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
vFkok
lkfgc va/k--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- lanHkZ çLrqr iafä;ka gekjh ifBr ikBî iqLrd varjk Hkkx ,d ds njckj 'kh"kZd
ls vorfjr gSA çLrqr iafä;ka ds jpf;rk jhfrdky dky ds Js"B dfo nso gSA
2- çlax çLrqr iafä;ksa esa egkdfo nso us e/;dky ds ,d jkT; dk o.kZu fd;k
gS tgka yxHkx lkjh O;oLFkk gh pkSiV gS] egkdfo nso dgrs gSa dh---
3- O;k[;k& egkdfo ds vuqlkj jktk va/kksa dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gS mls çtk
dh rdyhQs fn[kkbZ ugh nsrh mldk ea=h Hkh xwaxks dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gS
og Hkh dqN Hkh ugh dgrk] mlds njckjh Hkh jktk vkSj ea=h dks çtk dh
rdyhQksa ls voxr ugha djkrs lHkh cl jkl vkSj jax esa gh Mwcs jgrs gSaA bu
lHkh ds Hkksx foykl esa Mwcs gksus ds dkj.k lewpk jkT; gh vLr O;Lr gS dksbZ
fdlh dh dæ ugha djrk] dksbZ fdlh dh ijokg ugha djrs lc viuh viuh

207 XI – Hindi
 /kqu esa Mwcs gq, gS]]
;g lewpk jkT; vius mís'; ls foghu gksdj dsoy Hkksx foykl vkSj jkl jax
esa Mwck gqvk gS blds vfrfjä ;gka fdlh dks dqN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA
4- lkfgfR;d lkSan;Z
1- Hkk"kk czt
2- jl 'kkar jl
3- vuqçkl vyadkj dh cgqyrk
4- Nan loS;k
5- e/;dkyhu jktlh foykflrk dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gqvk gSA
mÙkj 12-
[kkukcnks'k dgkuh esa vkt ds lekt dh fufyf[kr leL;kvksa dks js[kkafdr
fd;k x;k gS&
etnwj oxZ dk lHkh 'kks"k.k djrs gSa vkSj os bl ;kruk dks >syus ds fy,
foo'k gSA
etnwj vHkh Hkh ukjdh; thou thrs gSaA muds fy, lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko gSA
gekjs lekt esa vHkh Hkh tkfroknh ekufldrk gkoh gSA ;g lekt esa njkj
Mkyrh gSA
lekt esa fLr;ksa dh bTtr lqjf{kr ugha gSA
bu leL;kvksa ds çfr ys[kd dk –f"Vdks.k ekuks vkSj lqfd;k ds ek/;e ls
çdV gqvk gSA os 'kks"k.k ds lEeq[k vkReleiZ.k ugha djrs cfYd d"Viw.kZ thou
>syus ds fy, dgha vkSj py nsrs gSa fdUrq dksbZ xkjaVh ugha gS fd ogk¡ mUgsa blh
leL;k dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+sxkA dgkuhdkj dh Jfed oxZ ds çfr
lgkuqHkwfr çdV gqbZ gSA
vejdkar dh dgkuh 'nksigj dk Hkkstu' 'kh"kZd dh –f"V ls lQy jpuk gSA
bl dgkuh dk lEiw.kZ dFkkud nksigj ds Hkkstu ij fleVk gSA fl)s'ojh us
nksigj dk Hkkstu rS;kj dj fy;k gSA lcls igys mldk cM+k csVk jkepaæ
Hkkstu ds fy, vkrk gS] mlds ckn NksVk csVk eksgu o fQj eqa'kh th Hkkstu ds

208 XI – Hindi
 fy, vkrs gSaA bl dgkuh ds iwjs laokn nksigj ds Hkkstu ij dsfUær gSaA ik=ksa
dh lHkh okrkZ,¡ nksigj dk Hkkstu djrs gq, gh gksrh gSA vr% bl dgkuh dk
'kh"kZd nksigj dk Hkkstu iwjh rjg ls lkFkZd vkSj lVhd gSA
tgk¡ va/kdkj gksrk gS ogha çdk'k Hkh gksrk gSA çdk'k gS rks va/kdkj Hkh vo';
gh gksxkA ftl çdkj nq[k gS rks lq[k Hkh gS blh çdkj va/kdkj gS rks çdk'k
Hkh gSA va/kdkj dk LFkku çdk'k xzg.k djrk gS vkSj çdk'k dk LFkku va/kdkj
xzg.k djrk gSA ;gh bl dFku dk vFkZ Hkh gSA va/kdkj esa dksbZ u dksbZ çdk'k
dh fdj.k vo'; gksrh gSA vr% ml fdj.k dks ryk'k dj vius fy, thou
esa ekxZ cukuk pkfg,A
mÙkj 13-
lanHkZ& ikB T;ksfrck Qqys
ysf[kdk lq/kk vjksM+k
çlax & ysf[kdk us ;gk¡ T;ksfrck Qqys ds ml oäO; dk mYys[k fd;k gS tk mUgku
ml le; fn;k Fkk tc mUgsa egkRek dgdj iqdkjk FkkA
O;k[;k & 1888 esa T;ksfrck Qqys dks egkRek dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
Qqys th us dgk fd egkRek dh mikf/k esjs la?k"kZ esa ck/kd cusxhA mudk rdZ rFkk
fd eBk/kh'k cuus ds cuus ds ckn O;fä vkjke ilan gks tkrk gSA ,s'kks&vkjke dk
thou O;rhr djus okyk O;fä dHkh la?k"kZ ugha dj ldrkA mudk dguk Fkk fd
vki eq>s tSlk gw¡] oSlk gh jgus nhft,A eq>s egkRek ;k eBk/kh'k er cukvksA eSa vHkh
vius thou dks iw.kZ fojke ugha nsuk pkgrkA eSa vHkh lekt dh dqjhfr;ksa ds fo#)
la?k"kZ djuk pkgrk gw¡A
lkfgfR;d lkSan;Z&
¼1½ [kM+h cksyh dk ç;ksx
¼2½ Hkk"kk ljy] lgt jkspd
¼3½ T;ksfrck Qqys dh dFkuh vkSj djuh esa lekurk crkdj muds egku O;fäRo
ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA
¼4½ lknk ljy thou thus dh çjs.kk feyrh gSA
¼5½ ^eBk/kh'k* 'kCn ls lekt dh oxZ fo"kerk dk irk pyrk gSA
209 XI – Hindi
 vFkok
lanHkZ& ikB& ^[kkukcnks'k*
ys[kd& vkseçdk'k okYehfd
çlax& ekuks ij eq[rkj ds csVs lwcsflag dh cqjh utj dks Hkkidj mlds lkFk dke
djus okyk tlnso lwcfs lag ds ikl pyk x;k FkkA bl ij lwcsflag dks dksi c<+ x;k
vkSj mlus tlnso dks ihV&ihV dj v/kejk dj fn;kA ?kVuk ds ckn dh fLFkfr dk
o.kZu gSA
O;k[;k& tlnso dh fiVkbZ ds ckn etnwjksa esa Mj iSnk gks x;k FkkA ml fnu lkjs
le; Mj vkSj ng'kr dk okrkoj.k jgkA yksxksa ds eu esa vKkr Hk; lek;k gqvk
FkkA ekj dh otg ls] tlnso dks gydk cq[kkj Hkh gks x;k FkkA og viuh >ksaiM+h
esa ysVk gqvk FkkA lqfd;k mlds ikl cSBk FkkA vkt dh bl ekjihV dh ?kVuk us
lHkh etnwjksa dks Mjk fn;k FkkA ml le; rks lwcsflag pyk x;k Fkk] ij mUgsa ;g
Mj Fkk fd og dHkh ykSV dj vk ldrk gS] 'kke gksrs gh lkjk Hkêk lqulku ,oa 'kkar
gks x;kA lHkh viuh&viuh >ksifM+;ksa esa fleV dj jg x,A cw<k fcyfl;k Hkh 'kke
gksrs gh viuh >ksiM+h esa tkdj ysV x;kA ;|fi og nsj jkr rd isM+ ds uhps cSBk
jgrk FkkA vkt og [kydj [kk¡l Hkh ugha jgk FkkA gj vksj pqIih FkhA fdluh dh
>ksiM+h ls VªkaftLVj dh vkokt Hkh ugha vk jgh Fkh vFkkZr~ pkjksa vksj 'kkafr FkhA
lkfgfR;d lkSan;Z fo'ks"k&
1- tlnso dh fiVkbZ ds ckn ds okrkoj.k dk ltho fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA
2- ljy ,oa lqcks/k Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
3- Mj ds ekgkSy dk c[kwch o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
4- çHkko'kkyh 'kSyh gSA
5- 'kCn p;u lVhd gSA
mÙkj&14
¼d½ edcwy ds firk ds O;fäRo dh fuEufyf[kr ckrsa mHkjdj lkeus vkbZ&
(i) larku ds Hkfo"; ds çfr fpafrr&nknk dh e`R;q ds ckn edcwy ds firk
us iq= ds Hkfo"; dk /;ku djds mls cM+kSnk ds cksfMaZx gkml esa Hkstus
dk QSlyk fd;k gSA
210 XI – Hindi
 (ii) /kkfeZd O;fäRo& edcwy ds firk /kkfeZd FksA os pkgrs Fks fd mudk csVk
Hkh i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk etgch rkyhe ys] jkstk&uekt dks le>s rFkk
viuk vkpj.k vPNk j[ksA os ifo=rk ij Hkh cy nsrs FksA
(iii) nwjn'khZ edcwy us çfl) fp=dkj csUæs dks vius vCck ls feyok;kA csUæs
us edcwy ds dke ij ckr dhA edcwy ds vCck dks ckr le> vk xbZA
nwljs fnu mUgksaus 'foulj U;wVu ls v‚;y Vîwc vkSj dSuol e¡xokus dk
v‚MZj fHktok fn;kA blls edcwy ds mTToy Hkfo"; dh uhao j[kh xbZA
mUgksau reke iqjkuh ijaijkvksa dks rksM+ fn;k vkSj csVs dks dgk&^^csVk
tkvks vkSj ftanxh dks jaxksa ls Hkj nksA**
mÙkj& 15
¼[k½ ys[kd us ,slk blfy, dgk D;ksafd 'kjr dks Nk=o`fÙk Dykl esa tks lkfgR;
i<+uk Fkk mldk laca/k euq"; dks dsoy nq%[k igq¡pkuk çrhr gksrk FkkA mls
^lrh&ouokl* ^pk: ikB*] ln~Hkko&ln~xq# vkSj çdkaM O;kdj.k i<+uk iM+kA
mls çfrfnu iafMrth ds lkeus [kM+s gksdj ijh{kk Hkh nsuh iM+rh FkhA bl çdkj
cky 'kjr dk lkfgR; ls ç'Ke ifjp; vk¡lqvksa ds ek/;e ls gh gqvkA ml
fLFkfr dks ns[kdj ;gh lkspuk iM+rk Fkk fd euq"; dks nq%[k igq¡pkus ds vykok
lkfgR; dk dksbZ vkSj mís'; ugha gks ldrkA
lkfgR; ds fuEufyf[kr mís'; gks ldrs gSa&
ekuoh; xfjek dks LFkkfir djukA
igpku fnykuk vkSj thou –f"V fodflr djukA
ekuo lekt esa laosnu'khyrk dh tM+s xgjh djukA

211 XI – Hindi
 f'k{kk funs'kky;] jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks=] fnYyh
vH;kl ç'u i= gy jfgr&1
d{kk XI (2023-24)
fganh ¼,sfPNd½ ¼002½
vf/kdre vad& 80 vof/k % 3 ?kaVs
[kaM ^v* oLrqijd ç'u
ç'u 1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×10=10)
ekuo dh ç—fr çnÙk foHkwfr;ksa esa ,d cM+h eksgd foHkwfr gS& gkL; fouksn A thou
esa ;fn gkL; fouksn u gks rks ftanxh dsoy djkgksa dk flyflyk] vkgksa dk tytyk]
nnZ dh nkLrku cu dj jg tk;A gkL; yk[k nq[kksa dh ,d nok gS] LokLF; dk ,d
ea= gSA fparkvksa ds iqfyans dks FkksM+h nsj ds fy, vyx djus esa gkL; vkSj fouksn cM+s
gh lgk;d gSaA dfork dsoy ân; dk mnxkj gS] fouksn jkse&jkse dk m}kj gSA
fouksn ,d çdkj dh iq"VbZ gS ftlls 'kjhj vkSj efLr"d dks ubZ 'kfä feyrh gS]
lrr~ f'kjkvksa esa edj/ot dh Å"ek vk tkrh gSA larksa dk dFku gS fd ;fn nq[k
esa lq[k dh vuqHkwfr pkgrs gks rksfo/kkrk ls gkL; vkSj fouksn dk cgqewY; ojnku ikus
okyk euq"; cM+k gh HkkX;'kkyh gSA QksVksxzkQj QksVks [khapus ds le; pkgrk gS fd
vki ,d {k.k ds fy, eqLdqjk,¡] fdarq fo/kkrk QksVksxzkQj rks pkgrk gS fd vki thou
Hkj eqLdqjkrs jgsaA ftl eq[k ij gkL; dh nqX/k /koy pkanuh fNVduh pkfg, mls
D;k vf/kdkj gS fd og viuh v;LdkUrh; vk—fr dks volkn dh dkyh js[kkvksa
ls vekol dh dkyh jkr cuk ysA
g¡leq[k O;fä QOokjk gS ftlds 'khry NhaVs eu dks çQqfYyr djrs jgrs gSaA
oS;fäd thou dh lQyrk ds vusd jgL;ksa esa ls ,d jgL; g¡leq[k vk—fr dk
gksuk Hkh gSA g¡leq[k O;fä dks ns[kdj ;g /kkj.kk curh gS fd mlds eu esa dksbZ
xk¡B ugha] dksbZ my>u ugha gSA ,d foØsrk dh eksgd eqLdku og dke dj tkrh
gS tks fdlh tscdrjs dh dSaph ugha dj ikrhA ,d lgt çf'k{kd dh d{kk esa dHkh
mnklh dh ?kVk ugha NkrhA
nh?kkZ;q gksus dk loksZÙke lk/ku gS& g¡leq[k LoHkkoA g¡leq[k vk—fr ekuks ,slk
vkbZuk gS ftlesa ijekRek dh çlUurk gj {k.k fn[kkbZ iM+rh jgrh gSA ekulksipkj'kkL=h
gkL;&fouksn ds }kjk vusd jksxksa dh fpfdRlk Hkh fd;k djrs gSaA

212 XI – Hindi
 Hkk"kk vkSj Hkk"k.k dk Hkw"k.k gS& fouksnA Hkk"k.k esa gkL;&fouksn dk iqV j[kus ls
mnklh gh ugha feVrh oju blls 'k=q Hkh fe= cu tkrs gSaA egku~ lkfgR;dkjksa us
vius xgu xaHkhj lkfgR; esa gkL;&fouksn dh vo/kkj.kk dj mlds vkd"kZ.k dks
cgqxqf.kr dj fn;k gSA egku ukVddkjksa us vius ukVdksa esa fonw"kd dk ç;ksx blh
mís'; ls fd;k gSA
fdarq /;ku jgs fd gkL; e;kZfnr jgs vkSj nwljksa dh uhan gjke u gks tk;sA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,
(i) gkL;&fouksn thou dh eksg dh foHkwfr D;ksa gSa\
(a) nq[k nnZ dks c<+kus ds dkj.k
(b) fpark] O;Fkk] mPNokl dks lekIr djus ds dkj.k
(c) nq[kksa dh nok gksus ds dkj.k
(d) i`Foh ij gksus okys Hkwdai ds dkj.k
(ii) x|ka'k esa vk, ^iq"V* 'kCn dk vk'k; gS %
(a) ck¡gksa esa gksus okyh ihM+k
(b) iSjksa esa c<+us okyk eksVkik
(c) 'kjhj vkSj cqf) dks feyus okyk cy
(d) 'kjhj vkSj efLr"d dks nq[kkus okyh fpark
(iii) x|ka'k esa ^f'kjkvksa esa edj/ot dh Å"ek vk tkrh gS* ls ys[kd dguk
pkgrk gS fd&
(a) ruh vkSj f[kph ryokjsa pyus ls #d tkrh gSaA
(b) f'kf{kr vkSj ihfMr ulksa esa vkSj LQwfrZ vk tkrh gSA
(c) f'kfFky vkSj ihfM+r ulksa esa vfXu çTTofyr gksus yxrh gSA
(d) vLoLFk 'kjhj esa LokLF; dh fpark cuh jgrh gSA
(iv) QksVksxzkQj vkSj fo/kkrk QksVksxzkQj bu nksuksa esa fdls vkSj D;ksa vPNk
ekuk x;k gS\
(a) QksVksxzkQj dks {kf.kd eqLdku dh pkg ls
(b) QksVksxzkQj dks fcuk eqLdku ds thou dh pkg ls
(c) fo/kkrk QksVksxzkQj dks vkthou eqLdku dh pkg ls

213 XI – Hindi
 (d) fo/kkrk QksVksxzkQj dks {kf.kd eqLdku dh pkg ls
(v) x|ka'k esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdls Js"B ekuk x;k gS\
(a) vekol dh dkyh v;Ldkarh; volkn okyh eq[kk—fr
(b) iwf.kZek dh pk¡nuh jkr tSlh eq[kk—fr
(c) vekol dh v;LdkUrh; volkniw.kZ g¡lrh eq[kk—fr
(d) gkL; dh nqX/k&pk¡nuh okyk eq[k
(vi) QOokjs dk D;k xq.k gS\
(a) mlds 'khry ty dh NhaVksa ls eu çQqfYyr gksrk gSA
(b) mlds 'khry ty dh NhaVksa ls eu O;kdqy gks mBrk gSA
(c) mlds xeZ ty dh NhaVksa ls vk¡[ksa pkSaf/k;k tkrh gSaA
(d) mlds 'khry ty çikr ls 'kjhj jksekafpr gks tkrk gSA
(vii) g¡leq[k O;fä dks ns[kdj D;k /kkj.kk curh gS \
(a) og fuMj gS
(b) og fu'py gS
(c) og fueZe gS
(d) og fucZy gS
(viii) fuEufyf[kr esa ls lgh fodYi fyf[k,&
^^Hkk"k.k ds fouksn ls**
(a) mnklh feVrh gS& fe=rk ?kVrh gSA
(b) mnklh c<+rh gS- fe=rk lekIr gksrh gSA
(c) mnklh feVrh gS- 'k=qrk lekIr gksrh gSA
(d) mnklh cgrh gS fe=rk terh gS
(ix) lkfgR; esa ukVddkjksa us gkL; dh vo/kkj.kk dh gS&
(a) lw=/kkj ds }kjk
(b) fonw"kd ds }kjk
(c) uV ds }kjk
(d) dapqdh ds }kjk
(x) gkL;&O;aX; dks x|ka'k esa e;kZfnr jgus dh ckr dgh gS rkfd&
(a) nwljs ukS nks X;kjg u gks tk,¡A

214 XI – Hindi
 (b) nwljksa dh uhan gjke u gks tk;A
(c) nwljs ukd&HkkSa u fldksM+sa
(d) nwljs vk¡[k dh fdjfdjh u gks tk,¡A
fodYi& (i) dsoy (a) (ii) dsoy (b)
(iii) (a) vkSj (b) (iv) (b) vkSj (c)
vifBr i|ka'k
ç'u 2- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×8=8)
pyrs pyks] pyrs pyks!
lwjt ds lax lax pyrs pyks pyrs pyks!
re ds tks canh Fks
lwjt us eqä fd,
fdjuks ls xxu ikSNk
/kjrh dks jax fn,-
lwjt dks fot; feyh _rqvksa dh jkr gqbZ
dg nks bu rkjksa ls pank ds lax lax pyrs pyks!
jRue;h olq/kk ij
pyus dks pju fn,
cSBh ml f{kfrt ikj
y{eh J`axkj fd,
vkt rqEgs eqfä feyh dkSu rqEgs nkl dgs\
Lokeh rqe _rqvksa ds laor ds lax lax pyrs pyks
ekuo ftl vksj x;k
uxj cus rhFkZ cus
rqels gS dkSu cM+k \
xxu fla/kq fe= cusa
Hkwfe dk Hkksxks lq[k ufn;ksa dk lkse fivks
R;kxks lc th.kZ olu uwru ds lax lax pyksA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. dfo D;k djus dks dg jgk gS\
¼d½ dk;Z djus dks

215 XI – Hindi
 ¼[k½ deZ'khy jgus dks
¼x½ lwjt ds lkFk pyus dks
¼?k½ lnSo vkxs c<+us dks A
2. lwjt us D;k fd;k\
¼d½ çdk'k fn;k
¼[k½ va/ksjs ls eqä fd;k
¼x½ pyrk jgk
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
3. dfo ds vuqlkj xxu fdlus iksaNk\
¼d½ va/kdkj us
¼[k½ lw;Z us
¼x½ fdjuksa us
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
4. i`Foh dks jax fdlus fn,\
¼d½ va/kdkj us
¼[k½ çdk'k us
¼x½ lw;Z us
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
5. uxj vkSj rhFkZ dgka cus
¼d½ ufn;ksa ds fdukjs
¼[k½ lery LFkkuksa ij
¼x½ tgka ekuo x;k
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ugha
6. dfo ds vuqlkj bl olq/kk ij loZ 'kfäeku dkSu gS\
¼d½ igkM+
¼[k½ ufn;k
¼x½ lkxj

216 XI – Hindi
 ¼?k½ ekuo
7. dfo ds vuqlkj ;k i`Foh dSlh gS\\
¼d½ gjh Hkjh
¼[k½ lqanj
¼x½ jRuksa ls Hkjh gqbZ
¼?k½ ouLifr;ksa ls Hkjh gqbZ
8. jRue;h olq/kk esa dkSu lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ miek
¼[k½ :id
¼x½ mRçs{kk
¼?k½ vuqçkl
vfHkO;fä vkSj ek/;e
ç'u 3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,& (1×5=5)
1. i=dkfjrk yksdra= dk pkSFkk LraHk D;ksa gS\
¼d½ bldh Hkk"kk 'kSyh çHkko'kkyh gksrh gSA
¼[k½ bldh jk"Vªh; vkSj lkekftd thou esa vge~ Hkwfedk gSA
¼x½ bldh igq¡p lHkh oxksaZ rd gksrh gSA
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
2. tks i=dkfjrk fdlh fopkj/kkjk ;k fdlh [kkl mís'; ;k eqís dks mBkrh
gS vkSj ml mís'; ;k eqís ds i{k esa tuer cukus ds fy, yxkrkj vkSj
tksj&'kksj ls vfHk;ku pyk gSA bl çdkj dh i=dkfjrk dks ------------ dgrs
gSaA
¼d½ [kkstijd i=dkfjrk
¼[k½ o‚pM‚x i=dkfjrk
¼?k½ i{k/kj ;k ,Moksdslh
¼x½ fo'ks"kh—r i=dkfjrk
3. fdl i=dkfjrk dk ,d u;k :i Vsyhfotu esa fLVax v‚ijs'ku ds :i

217 XI – Hindi
 esa lkeus vk;k gS\
¼d½ oSdfYid i=dkfjrk
¼[k½ fo'ks"kh—r i=dkfjrk
¼x½ [kksth i=dkfjrk
¼?k½ o‚pM‚x i=dkfjrk
4. Hkkjr esa i=dkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr fdl lekpkj i= ls gqbZ\
¼d½ mnar ekrZ.M
¼[k½ uoHkkjr VkbZEl
¼x½ caxky xtV
¼?k½ dksydkrk xtV
5. Vsyhfotu ek/;e gS&
¼d½ JO;
¼[k½ –';
¼x½ –';&JO; ;ku pykrs
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
ç'u 4- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×5=5)
dksbZ Vksdrk rd ugh
bl Mj ls
fd ex/k esa
Vksdus dk fjokt u cu tk,
,d ckj 'kq: gksus ij
dgha ugha #drk gLr{ksi
oSls rks ex/k fuokfl;ksa
fdruk Hkh drjkvks
rqe cp ugha ldrs gLr{ksi ls
tc dksbZ ugh djrk
rc uxj ds chp ls xqtjrk gqvk
eqnkZ
;g ç'u dj gLr{ksi djrk gS
218 XI – Hindi
 euq"; D;ksa ejrk gS\
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. dfork esa ex/k D;k gS\
¼d½ jkT;
¼[k½ jktk
¼x½ jkT; lÙkk
¼?k½ lkear
2. ex/k esa yksx Vksdus ls D;ksa cprs gSa&
¼d½ os jkT; ls çse djrs gSaA
¼[k½ os jktk ls çse djrs
¼x½ gLr{ksi ls cprs gSaA
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
3. dfork esa iz'u dkSu djrk gS\
¼d½ ukxfjd
¼[k½ ea=h
¼x½ eqnkZ
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
4. dfork ds vuqlkj ,d ckj çkjaHk gksus ds ckn D;k ugh #drk gS\
¼d½ çse
¼[k½ ?k`.kk
¼x½ }s"k
¼?k½ gLr{ksi
5. Vksdus ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\
¼d½ gj dk;Z esa vojks/k mRiUu djuk
¼[k½ Vksdk Vksdh djuk
¼x½ vuqfpr —R; ij ç'u djuk
¼?k½ bues ls dksbZ ughaA
ç'u 5- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×5=5)
HkVBs dh fpeuh /kqvksa mxyus yxh FkhA ;g /kqvk¡ ehyksa nwj ls fn[kkbZ iM+ tkrk FkkA
gjs&Hkjs [ksrksa ds chp xgjs eVeSys jax dk ;g Hkëk ,d /kCcs tSlk fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA

219 XI – Hindi
 ekuks vkSj lqfd;k eghukHkj igys gh bl Hkës ij vk, Fks] fngkM+h etnwj
cudjA g¶rsHkj dk dke nsdj vlxj Bsdsnkj us lqfd;k ls dgk Fkk fd lk¡pk ys
yks vkSj bZaV ikFkus dk dke 'kq: djksA gtkj bZaV ds jsV ls viuh etnwjh yksA Hkës
ij yxHkx rhl etnwj Fks tks ogha dke djrs FksA Hkëk ekfyd eq[krkj flag vkSj
vlxj Bsdsnkj lk¡> gksrs gh 'kgj ykSV tkrs FksA 'kgj ls nwj] fnuHkj dh
xgek&xgeh ds ckn ;g Hkëk v¡èksjs dh xksn esa lek tkrk FkkA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. nwj ls gh D;k utj vkrk Fkk\
¼d½ fpeuh dk /kqvk¡
¼[k½ Å¡ph bekjrsa
¼x½ [kkyh lM+d
¼?k½ bZVksa ds <sj
2. lqfd;k vkSj ekuks dks dkSu lk dke fn;k x;k\
¼d½ bZaV ikFkus dk
¼[k½ eksjh esa vkx ljdkus dk
¼x½ xkjk eFkus dk
¼?k½ bZaV idkus dk
3. fnuHkj dh xgek&xgeh ds ckn ;g Hkëk v¡/ksjs dh xksn esa lek tkrk Fkk'
dk vk'k; D;k gS \
¼d½ jks'kuh u gksuk
¼[k½ lUukVk Nk tkuk
¼x½ yksxksa dk xqelqe jguk
¼?k½ lks tkuk
4. 'kke gksus ij Hkëk ekfyd eq[krkj flag vkSj vlxj Bsdsnkj D;k djrs
Fks&
¼d½ 'kjkc ihrs FksA
¼[k½ 'kgj ykSV tkrs FksA
¼x½ fnuHkj dk fglkc&fdrkc feykrs FksA

220 XI – Hindi
 ¼?k½ Hkês ij ekSt eLrh djrs FksA
5- dFku (A) % gjs&Hkjs [ksrksa ds chp xgjs eVeSys jax dk ;g HkV~Bk ,d /kCcs
tSlk fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA
dkj.k (R) % LoPN okrkoj.k esa ;g HkV~Bk iznw"k.k QSykrk jgrk gSA
fodYi& (i) dFku (A) lgh gS vkSj dkj.k (R) lgh O;k[;k gSA
(ii) dFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa xyr gSA
(iii) dFku (A) lgh ugha gS] fdarq dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
(iv) dFku (A) xyr o dkj.k (R) lgh gSaA

iwjd ikB~;&iqLrd ¼varjky Hkkx 1½

ç'u 6- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,& (1×7=7)
1. edcwy fQnk gqlSu dkSu Fks\
¼d½ i=dkj ¼[k½ fp=dkj
¼x½ ewfrZdkj ¼?k½ mi;qZä esa ls dksbZ ugha
2. nknk th dh e`R;q ds ckn edcwy dks fdl txg Hkstk \
¼d½ cM+kSnk ¼[k½ esjB
¼x½ mÙkjk[kaM ¼?k½ fnYyh
3. edcwy ds Mªkbax ekLVj dk D;k uke Fkk\
¼d½ vtgj [kku
¼[k½ eksgEen vkfej
¼x½ eksgEen vrgj
¼?k½ vCckl th vgen
4. 'kjr dh ekrk dk D;k uke Fkk\
¼d½ pUæeksfguh
¼[k½ Hkqoueksfguh
¼x½ lq'khyk
¼?k½ cchrk

221 XI – Hindi
 5. Hkkxyiqj vkus ij 'kjr dks dkSu ls Ldwy esa HkrhZ djk;k x;k\
¼d½ bu oSyh Ldwy
¼[k½ nqxkZpj.k ,e-bZ- Ldwy
¼x½ Hkkxyiqj ,l-Mh- Ldwy
¼?k½ jkepj.k ,l-Mh- Ldwy
6. enjls ds tyls ij fdlus edcwy dks bye ¼Kku½ ij nl feuV dk
Hkk"k.k vfHku; ds lkFk ;kn djk;k\
¼d½ vCckl rS;cth
¼[k½ eksgEen vrgj
¼x½ dacj gqlSu
¼?k½ ekSyoh vdcj
7. lqUnj dye esa u;k fuc yxkdj cf<+;k dkxt ij eksrh tSls v{kj dkSu
fy[krk Fkk\
¼d½ 'kjrpaæ
¼[k½ lqjsUæ
¼x½ eksrhyky
¼?k½ ckcw v?kksjukFk
[kaM ^c* o.kZukRed iz'u
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
ç'u 7- fuEufyf[kr fodYiksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij n`'; ys[ku
dhft,& (5×1=5)
çkFkZuk lHkk dk –';
vFkok
pqukoh jSyh dk –';
ç'u 8- fuEufyf[kr fn, x, fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh fo"k; ij yxHkx 120
'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A (5×1=5)
fnYyh ty cksMZ ds vf/kdkjh dks i= fy[kdj viuh d‚yksuh esa vfu;fer o

222 XI – Hindi
vi;kZIr ty forj.k ls gksus okyh vlqfo/kkvksa ds çfr /;ku vk—"V djrs gq, i=
fyf[k,A
vFkok
fganh fo"k; v/;kid in ij fu;qfä gsrq uo;qx ifCyd Ldwy ds ç/kkukpk;Z
dks vkosnu i= Loo`Ùk lfgr fyf[k,A ,d ç'u dk mÙkj fyf[k,A
ç'u 9- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mRrj fyf[k,A
(3×1=5)
loksZn; fo|ky; lfjrk fogkj esa esxk ih-Vh-,e ds vk;kstu gsrq fo|ky;
lfefr dh cSBd ds fy, dk;Zlwph rS;kj dhft;s A
vFkok
m|ku foHkkx esa ikdksZa esa >wys yxkus ds fy, çca/ku lfefr dh cSBd laiUu gqbZA
mlesa ftu fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ gqbZ vkSj tks fu.kZ; fy, x,] mudk dk;Zo`Ùk fyf[k,A
ç'u 10- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,&
(2×2=4)
¼d½ Mk;jh ys[ku D;k gS \
¼[k½ iVdFkk dk vFkZ Li"V dhft;s A
ç'u 11- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,& (2×2=4)
¼d½ ç.k; dyg ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼[k½ njckj loS;s esa fdl çdkj ds okrkoj.k dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
¼x½ —".k ds v/kjksa dh rqyuk lst ls D;ksa dh xbZ gS\
ç'u 12- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k
djsa& (6×1=6)
'krny yky dey os.kh esa
jtr&jfpr ef.k&[kfpr dyke;
iku ik= æk{kklo iwfjr
j[ks lkeus vius&vius
223 XI – Hindi
 yksfgr panu dh f=inh ij]
uje funkx cky&dLrwjh
e`xNkyksa ij iyFkh ekjs
efnjk#.k vk¡[kksa okys mu
mUen fdUuj & fdUufj;ksa dh
e`nqy euksje v¡xqfy;ksa dks
oa'kh ij fQjrs ns[kk gSA
cknyh dks f?kjrs ns[kk gSA
vFkok
>gfj&>gfj >huh cw¡n gSa ijfr ekuks]
?kgfj&?kfj ?kVk ?ksjh gS xxu esaA
vkfu dáks L;kek eks lkSa ^pykS >qfycs dks vkt
Qwyh u lekuh HkbZ ,slh gkSa exu eSaAA
pkgr mBîksbZ mfB xbZ lks fuxksM+h uhan]
lks, x, Hkkx esjs tkfu ok txu esaA
vk¡[k [kksfy ns[kkS rkS u ?ku gSa] u ?ku';ke]
osbZ NkbZ cw¡nsa esjs vk¡lq gSa gxu esaAA
ç'u 13- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks ds mÙkj 40-50 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,& (2×2=4)
(i) nksigj dk Hkkstu dgkuh ds lcls thoar ik= dk pkfjf=d fp=.k
dhft,A
(ii) ^xw¡xs* dgkuh esa vkt ds lekt dh fdu&fdu leL;kvksa dks js[kkafdr
fd;k x;kA gS\
(iii) yky vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa us dSls fl) fd;k fd tkudh ek¡ ugha Hkkjr
ekrk gS\ blesa tkudh ds pfj= dh fdl fo'ks"krk dk irk pyrk gS\

224 XI – Hindi
ç'u 14- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
(6×1=6)
Hkkb;ksa] jktk&egkjktksa dk eq¡g er ns[kks] er ;g vk'kk jD[kks fd iafMr th
dFkk esa dksbZ ,slk mik; Hkh crykosaxs fd ns'k dk #i;k vkSj cqf) c<+sA rqe vki gh
dej dlks] vkyl NksM+ksA dc rd vius dks taxyh gwl] ew[kZ] cksns Mjiksd
iqdjokvksxsA nkSM+ks bl ?kksM+nkSM+ esa tks ihNs iM+s rks fQj dgha fBdkuk ugha gSA "fQj
dc jke tudiqj ,sgSaA vcdh tks ihNs iM+s rks fQj jlkry gh igq¡pksxsA
vFkok
vk'kk rks cM+h pht gS] vkSj fQj cPpksa dh vk'kk ! mudh dYiuk rks jkbZ dk
ioZr cuk ysrh gSA gkfen ds ik¡o esa twrs ugha gSa] flj ij ,d iqjkuh&/kqjkuh Vksih
gS] ftldk xksVk dkyk iM+ x;k gS] fQj Hkh og çlUu gSA tc mlds vCcktku
FkSfy;k¡ vkSj vEehtku fu;kersa ysdj vk,¡xh] rks og fny ds vjeku fudky ysxkA
rc ns[ksxk egewn] eksgflu] uwjs vkSj lEeh dgk¡ ls mrus iSls fudkysaxsA vHkkfxu
vehuk viuh dksBjh esa cSBh jks jgh gSA vkt bZn dk fnu vkSj mlds ?kj esa nkuk
ugha! vkt vkfcn gksrk rks D;k blh rjg bZn vkrh vkSj pyh tkrh! bl va/kdkj
vkSj fujk'kk esa og Mwch tk jgh gSA fdlus cqyk;k Fkk bl fuxksM+h bZn dks\ bl ?kj
esa mldk dke ugha; ysfdu gkfenA mls fdlh ds ejus&thus ls D;k eryc\
mlds vanj çdk'k gS] ckgj vk'kk A foifÙk viuk lkjk nycy ysdj vk,] gkfen
dh vkuan Hkjh fprou mldk fo/oal dj nsxhA
ç'u 15- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk mÙkj nhft,&
(3×1=3)
1- çpkj&çlkj ds iqjkus rjhdksa vkSj uohu rjhdksa esa vkidks dkSu&lk
rjhdk ilan gS vkSj D;ksa\
2- ukuk ds ?kj fdu&fdu ckrksa dk fu"ks/k Fkk\ 'kjr dks mu fuf"k) dk;ksaZ
dks djuk D;ksa fç; Fkk\

225 XI – Hindi
 f'k{kk funs'kky;] jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks=] fnYyh
vH;kl ç'u i= gy jfgr&2
d{kk XI (2023-24)
fganh ¼,sfPNd½ ¼002½
vf/kdre vad& 80 vof/k % 3 ?kaVs
[kaM ^v* oLrqijd ç'u
ç'u 1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×10=10)
ge tkurs gSa] vLirky nq?kZVuk jksdus ds fy, ugha cuk, tkrs] ogk¡ ihfM+rksa dk
mipkj fd;k tkrk gSA nq?kZVuk rks dsoy gekjh lrdZrk vkSj lko/kkuh ls jksdh tk
ldrh gSA ysfdu vkgr eu vkSj eu ds fodkjksa dk bykt blls gksus okyh
nq?kZVukvksa ls igys gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,sls vnHkqr fpfdRlk LFkyksa dks uke
fn;k x;k gS çkFkZukx`g] bcknrxkg] iwtkLFky A bu lcdk ,d gh fpfdRld gS
bZ'oj A
lfn;ksa ls ge bZ'oj ls va/k vkLFkkvksa vkSj feFkdksa ds lgkjs tqM+s gq, gSaA og
rks ifo= ljy vkSj fnO; Hkko ls çse djus okyksa ds djhc [kqn gh vk tkrk gSA vfXu
ls xekZgV] cQZ ls BaMd] xqykc ls lqxa/k] o`{k ls Nk¡o] pk¡nuh ls 'khryrk vkSj /kwi
ls rki fcuk ek¡xs] cl lehi tkus ls gh fey tkrh gSA oSls gh ;gk¡ dk fpfdRld
fcuk Li'kZ fd,- fcuk dqN iwNs] fcuk dqN 'kqYd fy, gekjh nqfo/kkvksa dks le> ysrk
gS vkSj viuh vykSfdd vkS"kf/k;ksa ls mudk 'keu Hkh dj nsrk gSA cl gekjh vksj
ls pkfg, mls iw.kZ leiZ.k vkSj gekjh utnhfd;k¡ A
ldkjkRed ÅtkZ çkIr djus dh bPNk ls gh bZ'oj ds ikl tkuk pkfg,]
HkkSfrd dkeukvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, ugha A çºykn us Hkxoku ls ek¡xk& gs çHkq] eSa ;g
ekaxrk gw¡ fd esjh ek¡xus dh bPNk gh [kRe gks tk,A
dgus dks rks thou ,d NksVk&lk 'kCn gS ij og bruk tfVy gS fd dksbZ Hkh
bldk lgh vFkZ ugha le> ldk gSA bZ'oj us gekjs thou dh vko';drk ds
vuqlkj gesa fcuk fdlh LokFkZ ds lHkh phtksa ls ifjiw.kZ fd;k gSA blfy, gekjk Hkh
drZO; curk gS fd bZ'oj dks mudh mnkjrk ds fy, ;kn djsaA ijarq ge bZ'oj dks
rHkh ;kn djrs gSa tc muls dqN ek¡xuk gksrk gS ;k dksbZ f'kdk;r djuh gksrh gSA

226 XI – Hindi
pkjksa rjQ ls Fkd gkj dj ge tc vlgk; gks tkrs gSa] rHkh bZ'oj ls çkFkZuk djrs
gSaA çkFkZuk Hkh dgk¡ \ çkFkZuk ds uke ls viuh leL;kvksa ls fuLrkj ikus ds fy, fHk{kk
ek¡xrs gSaA okLro esa ge viuh egÙokdka{kkvksa dh e`xr`".kk esa ikxy gksdj vuns[ks]
vutkus ekxksaZ ij lq[k vkSj 'kkafr dh ryk'k esa HkVdrs jgrs gSaA 'kk'or lq[k vkSj
ije 'kkafr rks bZ'oj dks çkIr djus ls gh feyrh gSA vius ru eu vkSj varjkRek
dks ,dkxz djds 'kq) eu vkSj ck.kksa ls bZ'oj dks vius vfLrRo ds fy, /kU;okn nsuk
gSA tks feyk gS mlds fy, bZ'oj dk vkHkkj çdV djuk gSA bZ'oj ls laokn djus
dk lcls ljy rjhdk gS& vius dks ekuork ds çfr lefiZr dj nsukA ;gh çkFkZuk
gS- iwtk gSA ;fn ,slk ugha gks jgk gS rks çkFkZuk djus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
(i) x|ka'k esa nq?kZVukvksa dk ewy dkj.k fdls ekuk x;k gS\
(a) vlko/kkuh (b) ekufld fodkj
(c) nwljksa dk gB (d) vgadkj
(ii) x|ka'k esa vk, 'feFkd' 'kCn dk Hkko gS&
(a) >wBh ckrsa
(b) va/k fo'okl
(c) dfYir@ekSf[kd dFku
(d) jhfr&fjokt
fodYi& (i) dsoy (a)
(ii) dsoy (b)
(iii) (a) vkSj (b)
(iv) (a) vkSj (c)
(iii) bZ'oj dk lkfUu/; çkIr djus ds fy, D;k mik; gS \
(a) iwtk LFky esa mifLFkfr
(b) nSfud vkjrh
(c) iw.kZ leiZ.k
(d) /ku&nkSyr
(iv) fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk dFku x|ka'k ds nwljs vuqPNsn ls
lEcafèkr gS\
227 XI – Hindi
 (a) ifo=kRekvksa dks bZ'oj dh çkfIr dfBu lk/kuk ls gksrh gSA
(b) lk/kuk ds fcuk gh çlkn p<+kus ls bZ'oj çlUu gks tkrs gSaA
(c) çk—frd lqfo/kk,¡ O;fä dks Lo;a miyC/k gks tkrh gSA
(d) lw;Z dks ikl tkdj ns[kus ls 'khryrk fey tkrh gSA

(v) x|ka'k esa bZ'oj ls ldkjkRed ÅtkZ feyus dh bPNk djus dh ckr D;ksa
dgh xbZ gS \
(a) HkkSfrd dkeukvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy,
(b) dkeukvksa dh lekfIr ds fy,
(c) /ku&nkSyr dh çkfIr ds fy,
(d) Hkjiwj lq[k LokLF;] le`f) ds fy,

(vi) x|ka'k ds vuqlkj thou dh leLr vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dk dkj.k gS&

(a) Lo;a dk Je vkSj ikS#"k
(b) bZ'oj dh mnkjrk
(c) ljdkjh lqfo/kk,¡
(d) lekt dh mnkjrk

(vii) viuh leL;kvksa ls fuLrkj ikus ds fy, dh xbZ çkFkZuk dks x|ka'k esa ekuk
x;k gS&
(a) egÙokdka{kk
(b) euksdkeuk
(c) fHk{kk
(d) e`xr`".kk

(viii) dFku (A) % ge viuh egÙodka{kkvksa dh e`xr`".kk esa HkVd jgs gSaA
dkj.k (R) % ge t:jr ls vf/kd ikuk pkgrs gSaA
fodYi& (i) dFku (A) lgh o dkj.k (R) xyr gSA
(ii) dFku (A) xyr o dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
(iii) dFku (A) o dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSaA
(iv) dFku (A) o dkj.k (R) nksuksa xyr gSaA

228 XI – Hindi
 (ix) bZ'oj ds çfr vkHkkj çdV djus dk ifj.kke D;k gks ldrk gS\
(a) HkkSfrd dkeukvksa dh iwfrZ
(b) 'kk'or lq[k vkSj ije 'kkafr dh çkfIr
(c) eu vkSj 'kjhj dh ;qfr
(d) eu] ok.kh vkSj vgadkj dh rqf"V
(x) ^^bZ'oj ds çfr euq"; dks vkHkkj çdV djuk pkfg, vkSj vkHkkj çdV
djus ds fy, muls laokn dh vis{kk gSA** laokn ds fy, bu mik;ksa esa
ls fdls Js"B ekuk tk ldrk gS\
(a) Lo;a dks Hktu&dhrZu iwtk ds çfr leiZ.k
(b) Lo;a dh ekuork ds çfr leiZ.k
(c) Lo;a dks eafnj esa jkst vkus&tkus ds çfr leiZ.k
(d) Lo;a dks lk/kq egkRek ds çopu ds çfr leiZ.k vifBr i|ka'k
ç'u 2- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×8=8)
gs xzke nsork! ueLdkj !
lksus pkanh ls ugh fdUrq
rqeus feêh ls fd;k I;kj!
gs xzke nsork ueLdkj!
tu dksykgy ls nwj
dgha ,dkdh fleVk lk fuokl
jfo 'kf'k dk mruk ugha
fd ftruk çk.kksa dk gksrk çdk'k
Je oSHko ds cy ij djrs gks
tM+ esa psru dk fodkl
nkuksa nkuksa esa QwV jgs
lkS lkS nkuksa ds gjs gkl
;g gS u ilhus dh /kkjk

229 XI – Hindi
 ;g xaxk dh gS /koy /kkj
gs xzke nsork! ueLdkj!
v/k[kqys vax ftues dsoy
gS dls gq, dqN vfLFk [kaM
ftues nf/kfp gìh gSA
;g otz baæ dk gS çpaM!
tks gS xfr'khy lHkh _rq esa
xehZ o"kkZ gks ;k dh BaM
tx dks nsrs gks iqjLdkj
nsdj vius dks dfBu naM!
>ksiM+h >qdkdj rqe viuh
Åaps djrs gks jkt}kjk!
gs xzke nsork! ueLdkj!
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. dfo fdldks ueLdkj dj jgk gS\
¼d½ feêh dks
¼[k½ xaxk dks
¼x½ xzke nsork dks
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh dks
2. xzke nsork dk fuokl dgka gS\
¼d½ xzke esa
¼[k½ ioZr ij
¼x½ ,dkar esa
¼?k½ uxj esa
3. xzke nsork dks fdl ls I;kj gS\
¼d½ xzke ls
¼[k½ lksus pkanh ls
230 XI – Hindi
 ¼x½ feêh ls
¼?k½ yksxksa ls
4. xzke nsork xzke dk fodkl dSls djrs gS\\
¼d½ /ku ds cy ls
¼[k½ lksus pkanh ls
¼x½ ifjJe ls
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
5. nkuksa ds gjs gkl esa dkSu lk vyadkj gS\\
¼d½ miek
¼[k½ :id
¼x½ vuqçkl
¼?k½ mRçs{kk
6. dfo ds vuqlkj xzke esa çdk'k fdldk T;knk gksrk gS\
¼d½ lw;Z dk
¼[k½ paæek dk
¼x½ çk.kksa dk
¼?k½ nhid dk
7. xzke nsork ds v/k[kqys vax ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\
¼d½ nsorkvksa dk v/k[kqyk 'kjhj
¼[k½ xzkeh.kksa dk v/k[kqyk 'kjhj
¼x½ nf/kfp dk v/k[kqyk 'kjhj
¼?k½ baæ dk v/k[kqyk 'kjhj
8. xzke nsork lalkj dks iqjLdkj dc nsrs gS\
¼d½ viuh ethZ ls
¼[k½ xehZ es
¼x½ BaM esa
¼?k½ çR;sd ekSle esa

231 XI – Hindi
 vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
ç'u 3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,A
(1×5=5)
1. tulapkj ek/;eksa esa }kjiky gksrs gSaA
¼d½ laoknnkrk
¼[k½ ikBd
¼x½ laiknd
¼?k½ Jhrk
2. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ek/;e varjfØ;kRed gS\
¼d½ eqfær ek/;e
¼[k½ baVjusV
¼x½ jsfM;ks
¼?k½ Vsyhfotu
3. tks lekpkjksa dks laikfnr dj Nius yk;d cukrs gSa] mUgsa dgrs gSa&
¼d½ laoknnkrk
¼[k½ ys[kd
¼x½ laiknd
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
4. lekpkj i= esa çdkf'kr gksrs gSa&
¼d½ dkVwZu
¼[k½ foKkiu
¼x½ ys[k
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
5. fganh ds igys lkIrkfgd i= o laiknd dk uke D;k gS\
¼d½ caxky xtV ia- tqxy fd'kksj 'kqDy
¼[k½ ekrZ.M] ia- tqxy fd'kksj
¼x½ mnar ekrZ.M] ia- tqxy fd'kksj 'kqDy
¼?k½ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ugh

232 XI – Hindi
ç'u 4- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×5=5)
ykSVs [kx] xk;sa ?kj ykSVh
ykSVs —"kd Jkar 'ykFk Mx ?kj
fNis x`gksa esa Eyku pjkpj
Nk;k Hkh gks xbZ vxkspj
ykSV iSB ls O;kikjh Hkh
tkrs ?kj ml ikj uko ij ÅaVks ?kksM+ksa ds lax cSBs
[kkyh cksjksa ij gqDdk Hkj
tkM+ksa dh lquh }kHkk esa
>wy jgh fuf'k Nk;k xgjh
Mwc jgs fu"çHk fo"kkn esa
[ksr ckx x`g r# rV ygjhA
fcjgk xkrs xkM+h okys
Hkwd Hkwad dj yM+rs dqdj
gqvka gqvka djrs fl;kj
nsrs fo"k.k fuf'k csyk dks Loj
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. fcjgk D;k gksrk gS\
¼d½ ikuh dh ukfy;ka
¼[k½ fojg dk xhr
¼x½ ,d çdkj dk yksd xhr
¼?k½ ;k=k xhr
2. la/;k ds ckn ?kjksa dks dkSu&dkSu ykSVk \\
¼d½ i{kh
¼[k½ i'kq
¼x½ fdlku
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh

233 XI – Hindi
 3. va/ksjs esa dkSu dkSu vkokt dj jgk gS\
¼d½ fl;kj
¼[k½ dwdj
¼x½ xkM+h okys
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
4. la/;k ds ckn dkSu xk;c gks x;k\\
¼d½ fdlku
¼[k½ [ksr
¼x½ Nk;k
¼?k½ O;kikjh
5. uko ij dkSu dkSu lokj gqvk\\
¼d½ O;kikjh
¼[k½ ?kksMs
¼x½ ÅaV
¼?k½ mijksä lHkh
ç'u 5- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+,& (1×5=5)
vehuk dk fny dpksV jgk gSA xk¡o ds cPps vius&vius cki ds lkFk tk jgs gSaA
gkfen dk cki vehuk ds flok vkSj dkSu gS! mls dSls vdsys esys tkus ns'k ml
HkhM+& HkkM+ esa cPpk dgha [kks tk, rks D;k gks\ ugha] vehuk mls ;ksa u tkus nsxhA
uUgha lh tkuk rhu dksl pysxk dSls! iSj esa Nkys iM+ tk,¡xsA twrs Hkh rks ugha gSA
og FkksM+h FkksM+h nwj ij mls xksn ys ysxh ysfdu ;gk¡ lsoS;k¡ dkSu idk,xk\ iSls gksrs
rks ykSVrs&ykSVrs lc lkexzh tek djds pViV cuk ysrhA ;gk¡ rks ?kaVksa phtsa tek
djrs yxsaxsA ek¡xs gh dk rks Hkjkslk BgjkA ml fnu Qgheu ds diM+s flys FksA vkB
vkus iSls feys FksA ml vBUuh dks bZeku dh rjg cpkrh pyh vkrh FkhA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,&
1. vehuk dk fny D;ksa dpksV jgk Fkk\
¼d½ gkfen dh NksVh vk;q ds dkj.k
¼[k½ gkfen dks vdsys Hkstus ds Mj ds dkj.k
¼x½ viuh xjhch ds dkj.k
¼?k½ ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ nksuksa

234 XI – Hindi
 2. xk¡o ds cPps vius&vius firk ds lkFk dgka tk jgs Fks\
¼d½ bZn ds esys esa
¼[k½ ckjkr esa
¼x½ fo|ky; esa
¼?k½ ldZl esa
3. bZnxkg vehuk ds ?kj ls yxHkx fdruh nwjh ij Fkh\
¼d½ nl dksl ¼[k½ ldksl
¼x½ rhldksl ¼?k½ okyh dkSl
4. vehuk D;k dke djrh Fkh\
¼d½ nwljksa ds ?kjksa esa Hkkstu cukus dk
¼[k½ diM+s flyus dk
¼x½ NksVs cPpksa dks i<+kus dk
¼?k½ nwljksa ds ?kjksa esa lkQ&lQkbZ djus dk
5. nknh vehauk gkfen ds lkFk ugha tk ikbZA
¼d½ bZn ds ekSds ij lsoS;ka cukdj [kkus ds fy,
¼[k½ lsoS;ka cukus gsrq m/kkj ek¡x dj oLrq,¡ tqVkus ds fy,
¼x½ m/kkj ds iSls okfil ek¡xus okyksa ls cpus ds fy,
¼?k½ cq<+kis ds dkj.k pyuk dfBu gksus dh otg ls
fodYi& (i) dsoy ¼d½ (ii) dsoy ¼[k½ (iii) ¼[k½ o ¼x½
(iv) ¼[k½ vkSj ¼?k½
iwjd ikBî&iqLrd ¼varjky Hkkx 1½
ç'u 6- fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lcls mfpr fodYiksa dk p;u
dhft,&
(1×7=7)
1. ^gqlSu dh dgkuh viuh tckuh* ikB fdl O;fäRo ls lacaf/kr gS\
¼d½ esagnh glu
¼[k½ edcwy fQnk gqlSu
¼x½ jtk gqlSu
¼?k½ gkfen daoj gqlSu

235 XI – Hindi
2. eqjkn vyh pkpk dh nqdku ij cSBdj dkSu ls cktkj esa gqlSu Mªkbax vkSj
isafVax cukrs Fks\
¼d½ jktkiqj cktkj
¼[k½ jhukiqj cktkj
¼x½ jkuhiqj cktkj
¼?k½ ljkZQk cktkj
3. vkokjk elhgk vkRedFkk fdl ds pfj= ij vk/kkfjr gS\
¼d½ 'kjrpaæ
¼[k½ fo".kq çHkkdj
¼x½ çsepan
¼?k½ jkeo`{k csuhiqjh
4. 'kjrpaæ ds firk dk D;k uke Fkk \
¼d½ eksrhyky usg#
¼[k½ eksrhyky
¼x½ T;ksfr çlkn
¼?k½ v?kksjukFk
5. gqlSu dh dgkuh: viuh tckuh dk igyk mi'kh"kZd cM+kSnk dk cksfMaZx
Ldwy gS] nwljk mi'kh"kZd D;k gS\
¼d½ lhekiqj cktkj
¼[k½ rksi[kkuk cktkj
¼x½ jkuhiqj cktkj
¼?k½ ekyok cktkj
6. nhid dh cÙkh cq>kus dk n.M fdls Hkqxruk iM+k\
¼d½ ef.k
¼[k½ 'kjr~pUæ
¼x½ lqjsUæ
¼?k½ nsoh

236 XI – Hindi
 [kaM ^c* o.kZukRed iz'u
vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
ç'u 7- fuEufyf[kr fodYiksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij n`'; ys[ku
dhft,&
(5×1=5)
çkr% dkyhu –';
vFkok
lkIrkfgd cktkj dk –';
ç'u 8- fuEufyf[kr fn, x, fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh fo"k; ij yxHkx 120
'kCnksa esa i= fyf[k,A
(5×1=5)
vius {ks= esa eysfj;k QSyus dh laHkkouk dks ns[krs gq, LokLF; vf/kdkjh dks
i= fyf[k,A
vFkok
ukfj;ksa ds çfr vR;kpkj dh c<+rh ?kVukvksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, fdlh
çfrf"Br lekpkj i= ds laiknd dks i= fyf[k, vkSj lek/kku dk mik; Hkh lq>kb,
A
ç'u 9- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mRrj fyf[k,A
(3×1=3)
cky etnwjh dh jksdFkke djus okyh lfefr dh tk¡p dk izfrosnu fyf[k,A
vFkok
fo|ky; dh i;kZoj.k laj{k.k lfefr ds }kjk ou egksRlo eukus laca/kh cSBd
laiUu gqbZ FkhA mldk dk;Zo`Ùk rS;kj dhft,A
ç'u 10- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,&
(2×2=4)
¼d½ fdUgh nks çfl) Mk;fj;ksa vkSj muds ys[kdks ds uke fyf[k, A
¼[k½ ¶yS'k cSd rduhd D;k gS \

237 XI – Hindi
ç'u 11- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,&
(2×2=4)
(i) [ksy esa :Bus okys lkFkh ds lkFk lc D;ksa ugha [ksyuk pkgrs\
(ii) ukf;dk vius lius esa D;ksa çlUu Fkh vkSj og liuk dSls VwV x;k\
(iii) iar th us la/;k ds ckn dfork esa unh ds rV dk tks o.kZu fd;k gS mls
vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
ç'u 12- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k
djsa& (6×1=6)
nqxZe cQkZuh ?kkVh esa
'kr lglz QqV ÅapkbZ ij
vy[k ukfHk ls mBus okys fut ds gh mUeknd ifjey&
ds ihNs /kkfor gks&gksdj
rjy r#.k dLrwjh e`x dks
vius ij fp<+rs ns[kk gS
ckny dks f?kjrs ns[kk gSA
vFkok
rV ij cxqyksa lh o`)k,¡
fo/kok,a ti /;ku esa exu
eaFkj /kkjk esa cgrk]
ftudk v–'; xfr varj& jksnu
ç'u 13- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa ds mÙj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,&
(2×2=4)
(i) ns'k dh lc çdkj dh mUufr gks] blds fy, Hkkjrsn
a q gfj'paæ us tks mik;
crk, gSa mudk o.kZu dhft,A

238 XI – Hindi
 (ii) T;ksfrck Qqys o lkfo=h ckbZ dk nkEiR; thou fdl çdkj vk/kqfud
naifÙk;ksa dks çsj.kk çnku djrk gS\
(iii) mldh eka dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij yky dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,A
ç'u 14- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,&
(6×1=6)
eSa vkt euq"; dks ,d ?kus va/kdkj esa ns[k jgk gwaA mlds Hkhrj dqN cq> x;k
gSA ;g ;qx gh va/kdkje; gSA ;g loZxzkgh va/kdkj laiw.kZ fo'o dks vius mnj esa
fNik, gSA vkt euq"; bl va/kdkj ls ?kcjk mBk gSA og iFkHkz"V gks x;k gSA vkt
vkRek esa Hkh v/kdkj gSA varj dh vk¡[ksa T;ksfrghu gks xbZ gSaA os mls Hksn ugha ikrhaA
ekuo vkRek va/kdkj esa ?kqVrh gSA eSa ns[k jgk gwa] euq"; dh vkRek 'Hk; vkSj ihM+k
ls =Lr gSaA"
vFkok
cgqr yksx ;g dgsaxs fd gedks isV ds /ka/ks ds ekjs Nqêh gh ugha jgrh ckck]
ge D;k mUufr djsa\ rqEgkjk isV Hkjk gS rqedks nwu dh lw>rh gSA ;g dguk mudh
cgqr Hkwy gSA baXySaM dk isV Hkh dHkh ;ksa gh [kkyh FkkA mlus ,d gkFk ls viuk isV
Hkjk] nwljs gkFk ls mUufr dh jkg ds dk¡Vksa dks lkQ fd;kA D;k baXySaM esa fdlku]
[ksrokys] xkM+hoku] etnwj] dkspoku vkfn ugha gSa\ fdlh ns'k esa Hkh lHkh isV Hkjs gq,
ugha gksrsA fdarq os yksx tgk¡ [ksr tksrrs& cksrs gSa ogha mlds lkFk ;g Hkh lksprs
gSa fd ,slh vkSj dkSu ubZ dy ;k elkyk cukos]a ftlesa bl [ksrh esa vkxs ls nwuk vUu
mitS A foyk;r esa xkM+h ds dkspoku Hkh v[kckj i<+rs gSaA tc ekfyd mrjdj
fdlh nksLr ds ;gk¡ x;k mlh le; dkspoku us xíh ds uhps ls v[kckj fudkykA
;gk¡ mruh nsj dkspoku gqDdk fi,xk ;k xIi djsxkA lks xIi Hkh fudEeh A ogk¡
ds yksx xIi gh esa ns'k ds çca/k Nk¡Vrs gSaA fl)kar ;g fd ogk¡ ds yksxksa dk ;g
fl)kar gS fd ,d fNu Hkh O;FkZ u tk,A mlds cnys ;gk¡ ds yksxksa ftruk
fudEekiu gks mruk gh og cM+k vehj le>k tkrk gSA vkyl ;gk¡ bruh c<+ xbZ
fd eywdnkl us nksgk gh cuk Mkyk & "vtxj djs u pkdjh] iaNh djS u dkeA
nkl eywdk dfg x,] lcds nkrk jkeA

239 XI – Hindi
ç'u 15- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ç'u dk mÙkj yxHkx 40-50 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k,& (3×1=3)
(i) tks #nu ds fofHkUu :iksa dks igpkurk gS og lk/kkj.k ckyd ugha gSA
cM+k gksdj ;g fu'p; gh euLrRo ds O;kikj esa çfl) gksxkA v?kksjukFk
ckcw ds fe= dh bl fVIi.kh ij viuh fVIi.kh dhft,A
(ii) vki bl ckr dks dSls dg ldrs gSa fd ys[kd dk vius nknk ls fo'ks"k
yxko jgk\

240 XI – Hindi