10 fY%AKsh cSjfha wLKav;djh tallh 14

m%ckkh - Reproduction
m%ckkh hkq"

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m%ckkh m%Odk wdldr folls'

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w,sx.sl m%ckkh hkq"

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,sx.sl m%ckkh hkq"

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 Ydl j, ,sx.sl m%ckkh isÿ lrk úfYaI jHqyh mqIamhhs'

 i;=kaf.a ia;%S yd mqreI jYfhka m%ckl moaO;s we;'

,sx.sl yd w,sx.sl m%ckkfha fjkialï

w,sx.sl m%ckkh ,sx.sl m%ckkh

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 01 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 Ydl j, m%ckkh
Ydl ,sx.sl yd w,sx.sl m%ckk l%u u`.ska ;u j¾.hd fnda lrhs'

Ydl j, w,sx.sl m%ckkh'

 Ydl w,sx.sl m%ckk l%uhla jk j¾Ol m%ckkh isÿ lrhs'
j¾Ol m%ckkh hkq"

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j¾Ol m%ckkh m%pdrk wdldr 02 ls'

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iajdNdúl j¾Ol m%pdrKh

Ydlhl N+.; fyda jdhj fldgia u.ska iajdNdúlj kj Ydl ìys lsÍu iajdNdúl j¾Ol
m%pdrKhhs'
WodyrK (-
1' uq,a (- lrmsxpd" rgfo,a" fn,s" fmar

2' m;% (- wlalmdk" ìf.dakshd" lvqmq,a

3' fudáhka ^ mi ;=< .s¨kq md§h fmfoiska yria w;g yg .kakd l=vd me< fudáhka

f,i ye`Èkafõ' & (- f.dhï" flfi,a" wkakdis" lmqre" yq<x lSßh" l,d`ÿre

4' Odjl ^fmd<jg iudka;rj yd fmd<jg iïnkaOj tkï wd.ka;=l uq,a u`.ska

mi u;=msg .uka lrk Ydl l`o;a Odjl fõ' (- f.dgqfld<" n;," uyd rdjKd/jq,

5' n,aì, ^ j¾Ol wxl=rhla fyda mqIam wxl=rhla úlrKh úfuka ;efkk úfYaI m%ckl

jHqyhhs'& (- wkakdis" yK" fyd`v,

6' N+.; l`oka ^ Ydl j, fmdf<dj ;=< yg .kakd l`oka &fïjd m%Odk wdldr 04 ls'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 02 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 I. rhsfidauh ( ly" b`.=re" nq;airK" wr;a;
II. fldauh ( ynr," .y," lsß w," lsvdrx
III. n,anh ( r;= ¨kQ" f,dl= Ækq" ,Slaia
IV. ialkaO wdlkao ( w¾;dm,a" bkak,

N+.; l`okaj, lD;H (

02' lD;Su j¾Ol m%pdrkh

ñksidf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka isÿ lr .kakd Ydl fndalr .ekSu lD;Su j¾Ol m%pdrKh hs'
fuys§ idlÉPd lrk lD;Su j¾Ol m%pdrk l%u 04 ls'

1' 2'

3' 4'
01' w;= len,s uq,a weoaoùu

 fuys§ uõ Ydlfhka w;= lene,a,la lmd f.k tu w;= len,s isgqùfuka kj Ydl
ìyslr .kshs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 03 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  fuys§ M, ±rE ksfrda.S Ydlhlska w;= len,s fjka lr .kS" tu f;dard .kakd w;= lene,af,a
o`M mqIam fyda M, fkdue;s kï jvd fhda.H fõ' Wod(- frdai" jo" wr,sh" r;au,a" fnda.kaú,d"
fl%dagka

02' w;= ne§u ^ f,ah¾ lsÍu& Layering

uõ Ydlhg iïnkaOj ;sìh§u w;= len,s uq,a woaojd .ekSu w;= ne`§u f,i y`ÿkajhs' fuh
m%Odk wdldr folls'

01' 02'

^1& N+ñ we;= ne`§u - Ground Layering

 fuu l%uh fhdod .kafka fmdf<djg wdikak w;= uq,a woaojd .ekSugh'
 m%:ufhka fmdf<djg wdikak w;= j, tys hg me;af;a iq`M lemqula isÿlr tu ia:dkh mig
hg lrhs'
 i;s lsysmhlska tu ia:dkfha uq,a yg.;a miqj uõ Ydlfhka tu w;a; lmd fjka lr fjku
isgqjhs' Wod ( iuka msÉp" je,a foys

^2& jdhj w;= ne`§u - Aerial Layering

 fuu l%uh fhdod .kafka fmdf<djg by,ska we;s w;= uq,a woaojd .ekSugh'
 m%:ufhka fmdf<dfjka by< we;s w;a;l l=vd fmd;= j<,a,la bj;a lrhs'
 miqj tu ia:dkhg fldïfmdiaÜ iy fldyqn;a ñY%Khla ;nd fmd,s;Ska j,ska wdjrKh
lrhs'
 i;s lsysmhlska tu ia:dkfha uq,a yg.;a miqj uõ Ydlfhka tu w;a; lmd fjka lr fjku
isgqjhs' Wod (- fo`Mï" foys

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 04 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

Ydl w;= ne`§fï jdis

01' ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

02' ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

03' noaO lsÍu

Ydlhl wxl=rhla fyda ßls,a,la tu úfYaIfhau fyda nkaOq;d we;s úfYaIhl Ydlhlg
^ mgl iïnkaO;djhla we;s jk mßÈ& iïnkaO lsÍu noaO lsÍuls'
^1& .%dyl l`o (- mig iïnkaOj we;s Ydl fldgi .%dylh fõ'
.%dylhl ;sìh hq;= ,laIK

 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^2& wkqch (- fjk;a Ydlhlska ,ndf.k .%dylhg noaO lrk wxl=rh fyda ßls,a, wkqchhs'
wkqchl ;sìh hq;= ,laIK(

 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fuu noaO lsÍu isÿ l< yelafla oaù îc m;%S Ydl j,g muKs' tkï leïìhï mglh iys; Ydl
j,g muKs' fuys§ isÿ jkafka .%dylfha iy wkqcfha leïìhï mgl fol tlsfkl iuíkaO ùuhs'
noaO lsÍu m%Odk l%u follg isÿ lrhs'

01' 02'

wxl=r noaOh
 wxl=r noaOh hkq" Ydlhl wxl=rhla wkqch f,i f;dardf.k .%dylhlg noaO lsÍuhs'
fuys§ my; mshjr wkq.ukh lrhs'

 icSù wxl=rhla noaO msyshla wdOdrfhka lmd fjka lr .ekSu' ^ Ydl j, lfoa m;%
,mhg by<ska msysgd we;'&

 miqj .%dylfha lemqula isÿ lr lemqu ;=<g wxl=rh we;=`M lrhs' bka miqj tu
ia:dkh fmd,s;Ska má j,ska my< isg by<g fj,Su isÿ lrhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 05 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  Èk lsysmhlg miq wxl=rh fld< mdáka j¾Okh jk wjia:dfõ§ tu fj`Mu ,syd
wxl=rh msg;g isák fia ;nd kej; fj<Su isÿ lrhs'
 i;s 03 lg muK miq wxl=rh fyd`Èka j¾Okh ù we;akï noaO l< ia:dkhg 15 cm
muK by<ska .%dylfha l`o lmd bj;a lrhs' ^ fuu`.ska kj wxl=r fyd`Èka j¾Okh
fõ'&

fuu .%dyl lf`oa fhdok lemqfï yevh wkqj wxl=r noaOh kï lrhs'
Wod (- T noaOh" H noaOh" V noaOh
ßls,s noaOh
Ydl ßls,a,la wkqch f,i f;dardf.k .%dylhg iïnkaO lsÍu ßls,s noaOhhs' fuys§ my;
mshjr wkq.ukh lrhs'

 M,ork Ydlhlska ßls,a,la f;dard .ekSu ^ ±kg o`M" u,a" M, fkdork ßls,a,la jvd;a
fhda.H fõ'&
 lemqï ia:dkh ;=jd, fkdjk mßÈ ßls,a, lmd fjka lr .ekSu'
 leïìhu iam¾Y jk mßÈ ßls,a, .%dylhg iïnkaO lsÍu' tu ia:dkh fmd,s;Ska má j,ska
my< isg by<g fj,Su'
 ßls,a, j¾Okh jk nj ksÍlaIKh jQ úg fj`Mu ,syd bj;a lsÍu'

fuys§ .%dylfha iy wkqcfha fl<jrj,a lmd .kakd yevh wkqj ßls,s noaOfha l%u lsysmhls'
Wod(- wdrelal= noaOh" l=[a[ noaOh

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 06 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

Ydl noaO lsÍfï jdiS
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Ydl noaO lsÍfï wjdis

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mgl frdamKh
laf,dakhla hkq"

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 fuys§ w.%ia: wxl=r" md¾Yúl wxl=r yd uQ,d.% jeks úNdcl ia:dk j,ska mgl ,nd .kS'
 fuu mgl frdamKh i`oyd frdamK udOHhla Ndú;d lrhs' fuys iqfl%daia" LKsc ,jK"
úgñka yd j¾Ol øjH wvx.= h'
 udOHfha fc,àkSuh ;;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug ta.d¾ Ndú;d lrhs'
 id¾:l mgl frdamKhla isÿ lr .ekSug kï cSjdkqyrK ;;aj we;s l< hq;=h' tfukau
WIaK;ajh" wdf,dalh jeks ;;aj md,kh l< hq;=h'
mgl frdamKfha m%Odk mshjr
01' m%:ufhkau uõ Ydlfhka mgl fldgila fjka lr f.k th frdamK udOHfha ;ekam;a l<
hq;=h'
02' bkamiq fuu j¾Ol mgl fldgfia lsKlh kï mglhla iefoa' fuu lsKlfhka w¨;a uq,a
iy wxl=r j¾Okh ùug bv ie<ish hq;=h'
03' miqj wxl=r fjka lr mÍlaId k< ;=, ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh ùug ;eìh hq;=h'
04' wjidkfha wxl=r j.d lghq;= j,g iqÿiq jk mßÈ mßirhg WÑ; f,i yev .eiSug ;eìh
hq;=h'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 07 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

mgl frdamKfha jdis

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j¾Ol m%ckkfha jdis

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 fuu j¾Ol m%ckkh u`.ska kj m%fNao we;s fkdfõ' th fuys we;s wjdishls'

Ydl j, ,sx.sl m%ckkh

mßk; Ydl j, ,sx.sl m%ckk jHqy u`.ska cïudkq ksmojhs' tu cïudkq ixfhdackfhka îc
iEfoa' tu îc u`.ska kj Ydl ìysfõ'

mqIamh

 mqIamfha Ydlhl ,sx.sl fldgia wka;¾.; fõ' mqIamhl m%Odk fldgia 04 ls'

1' ……………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………….. 4. ………………………………………………………

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 08 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 A

B
J
C D

F
I G
H
uksh (- mqIamhl msg;skau msysgk w;r uksh uks m;% lsysmhlska iEfoa' fuh mqIam .%dylh
u; j,hdldrj msysghs' fïjd fld< meye;s jk w;r <má ld,fha§ mqIamfha
wNHka;r fldgia j,g wdrlaIdj imhd foa'

uQl=gh $ o< m;% j,h (- fuh uKshg we;=<;ska we;s w;r uQl=gh o< m;% lsysmhlska
iefoa' fuho <má ld,fha§ mqIamfha wNHka;r fldgia j,g wdrlaIdj ,ndfoa'
tfukau mrd.kh i`oyd lDóka wdl¾Ykh lsÍuo uql=gh u`.ska isÿ lrhs'

mQux.h $ f¾Kqj (- mqIamhl msysgk mqx fyj;a mqreI m%ckl jHqyh hs' fuh fldgia folls' tkï
mrd.Odksh yd iQ;%sldj fõ' mrd.Odksh ;=< mrd. fldaI we;s w;r ta ;=< mrd.
mj;S'mßk; mrd.OdkS mqmqrd mrd. msg;g úisf¾' Ydl j, mqx m%ckl ffi,h
^mqx cïudKq& f,i l%shd lrkafka mrd.h hs'

Pdhdx.h (- mqIamhl msysgk Pdhd fyj;a ia;%S m%ckl jHqyhhs' fuh fldgia 03 ls' tkï
l,xlh"lS,h yd äïn fldaIh fõ' äïn fldaIh;=< äïn we;' Ydl j, Pdhd
m%ckl ffi,h ^ Pdhd cïudKq& f,i l%shd lrkafka äïnhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 09 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

oaú ,sx.sl mqIam ( Bisexual Flowers)

oaú ,sx.sl mqIam hkq"

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ksoiqka (- jo" je,a fodvï" ñßia" l;=reuqrex.d

tal ,sx.sl mqIam ( Unisexual Flowers)

tal ,sx.sl mqIam hkq"

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fïjd m%Odk j¾. 02 ls'

 mQudx.S mqIam ( mqx fldgi fyj;a mQudx.h iys; mqIamh

Wod ( jÜglald j," fndre u,a" nv b`.=re j, w.%fha
^mqIam uxcßfha&msfmk u,a

 cdhdx.S mqIam ( cdhd fldgi fyj;a Pdhdx.h iys; mqIam

Wod( jÜglald f.ä yg.kakd u,a" nv bß`.= j, lr,a yg
.kakd u,a
tal .Dys Ydl hkq"

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Wod (- jÜglald" nv bß`.=" fmd,a" lrú,

oaù .Dys Ydl hkq"

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Wod (- mefmd,a " je,siaf;aßhd

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 10 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 mrd.Kh - Pollination
mrd.Kh hkq"

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mrd.kh m%Odk wdldr 02 ls'

1' ………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………….

iaj mrd.kh - Self Pollination

iaj mrd.kh hkq"

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Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 11 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 mr mrd.kh - Cross Pollination

mr mrd.kh hkq

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fuu mrmrd.kh u`.ska Ydl foll ,laIK tlsfklg ñY% úh yel' tu`.ska m%fNaok yg
.kS' kj ,laIK iys; Yla;su;a Ydl ìysfõ' tksid we;eï mqIam iajmrd.kh j<lajd f.k mr
mrd.kh isÿ lsÍug wkqj¾;k olajhs'

tjeks wkqj¾;k lsysmhlg ksoiqka

01' tal ,sx.sl mqIam yg .ekSu (- fuys§ isÿ jkafka Pdhdx.s mqIam yd mqudx.s mqIm
a fjk
fjku yg .ekSu' Wod(- fmd,a" nv b`.=re

02' iaj jkaOH;dj(- fuys§ isÿjkafka mqIamhl mrd. tu mqIamfhau l,xlh

u; ;ekam;a jQjo M, yg .ekSula isÿ fkdùuhs'
Wod(- je,a fodvï

03' fhda.ndOl;dj(- fuys§ mqIamhl f¾Kq yd l,xlh tlsfklg ÿriaj msysghs'

Wod(- ñkSu,a" ´lsâ
04' nysrdj¾;S f¾Kq msysàu (- l,xlh >Dcqj we;s úg f¾Kq keó msysàu fyda f¾Kq
>Dcqj we;s úg l,xlh keù msysàu fuys§ isÿ fõ'
Wod(- mskak" msÉp
05' wiu mßK;sh(- Pdhdx.hg fmr mQudx.h mßk; ùu ^ m%mqx m¾K;sh& fyda mQudx.hg
fmr Pdhdx.h mßk; ùu ^ m%cdhd mßK;sh& fuys§ isÿ fõ'
Wod(- nv bß`.=" g%hsvelaia

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 12 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

mrd.k ldrl
mrd.k ldrl hkq"

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mrd.k ldrl 03 ls'

1. ………………………………………….. 2. ………………………………… 3. ……………………………………..

01' i;=ka
i;ajldó mqIam f,i y`ÿkajkafka fuu i;=ka u`.ska mrd.kh isÿ lr .kakd mqIam j,gh'
fï i`oyd lDóka jeä jYfhka odhl fõ' tu lDñka wdl¾IKhg my; wkqj¾;k mqIam olajhs'
 mqIam iqj`oj;a ùu  mqIam j¾kj;a ùu  mrd. wef,k iq`M ùu'
 mqIam úYd, ùu  uOq fldaI msysgd ;sîu  l,xl wef,k iq`M ùu'
 lDóka rjgk ye`v ±Íu'  i;=kaf.a YÍrfha ;ejßh yels wdldrhg f¾Kq yd l,xl
msysgd ;sîu'
fuu i;=ka u`.ska mrd.kh isÿ lrk mqIam jkafka je,a fodvï" oU," l;=reuqrex.d" ;ïn¾cshd jeks
Ydl hs'

02' iq<Õ
jd;ldó mqIam f,i y`ÿkajkafka iq<`. u`.ska mrd.kh isÿ lr .kakd mqIam j,gh' fndfyda
úg Pdhdx.S mqIam iy mQudx.S mqIam fjk fjku msysghs' fuu l%shdj,sh fyd`Èka isÿ lr .ekSug
fuu mqIam my; wkqj¾;k olajhs'

 mqIam Ydlfha w.%ia:fha msysàu'  mrd. l=vd ùu iy ieye,a¨ ùu'

 mrd. úYd, m%udKhla ksmoùu'  w;= fnÿkq l,xl msysàu'
 mqIam uxcÍ jYfhka yg .ekSu'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 13 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

iq`<`. u`.ska mrd.kh isÿ lrk mqIam jkafka" ù " nv bß`.=" ;DK" fmd,a jeks Ydlhs'

03' c,h
c,ldó mqIAm f,i y`ÿkajkafka c,h u`.ska mrd.kh isÿ lr .kakd mqIam j,gh' fïjdfha
cdhdx.S mqIm
a yd mQudx.S mqIam fjk fjku msysghs' mßK;sfhka miqj mQudx.S mqIam Ydlfhka .e,ù
c,fha mdfõ' tajd c,fha mdù meñK cdhx.S mqIamhl l,xlh u; meñKs miq mrd.kh isÿ fõ'
c,h u`.ska je,siafkaßhd Ydlh mrd.kh isÿ lrhs'

ixfiapkh

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 14 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  mrd.kfha§ isÿ jkafka mqIamhl mrd. tu mqIamfhau l,xlh u; fyda tu úfYaIfhau
fjk;a mqIamhl l,xlh u; ;ekam;a ùuhs'

 fuu mrd. l,xlh u; ;ekam;a ùfuka miqj l,xlh u; we;s iskS ødjkh ksid
W;af;ackh ù mrd. m%frdaykh wdrïN lrhs'

 fuys§ mrd. kd<h lS,h Tiafia j¾Okh fõ' th äïn fldaIh ;=< we;s äïnh fj;g <`.d
fõ'
 bka miqj mrd.h ;=< we;s mqx cïudKqj äïn fldaIh ;=< jQ äïnh iu`. ixfhdackh
ùfuka hqla;dkqj iEfoa' fuu ixisoaêh ixfiapkh hs'

M, yd îc ksmoùu

hqla;dkqj miqj l,,hla njg úlikh jk w;r ixfiapkfhka miqj mqIamfha my;
fjkialï isÿ fõ'

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………

 idudkHfhka uksm;% " o< m;%" f¾Kq yd l,xlh wdÈh yef,a' iuyr mqIam j, uks m;%
ixfiapkfhka miqjo ye,S fkdhk w;r tajd udxi, ù M,djrkh yd noaO ù mj;S' Wod(- fmar" cïnq"
jïngq"uex.=ia
 md;fkdaM,kh hkq"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

fuu`.ska we;sjk M,j, îc fkdmsysgk w;r ñksid lD;su j¾Ol øjH Ndú;d lr fuu wdldrhg
M, yg .kajd .kS' Wod(- ñÈ" fodvï" wem,a

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 15 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 M, yd îc jHdma;sh

M, yd îc jHdma;sh f,i y`ÿkajkafka Ydlhl yg.;a M, yd îc uõ Ydlfhka wE;g úisÍ

hduhs' tu`.ska Ydl my; wjYH;d iïmQ¾K lr .kS'

 w;HjYH idOl i`oyd we;s ;r`.h wjulr .ekSu'

 kj jdiia:dk fidhd .ekSu'
 úúO;ajfhka jeä ùu'
 m<sfndaOlhskaf.ka yd frda. ldrlhskaf.ka wdrlaId ùu'

Ydl j, M, yd îc jHdma; jk l%u 04 ls'

1' ………………………………………….. 2. …………………………………….
3. …………………………………………… 4. ……………………………………..
01' i;=ka u`.ska isÿjk M, yd îc jHdma;sh

fï ioyd M, yd îc my; wkqj¾;k olajhs'

 wdydrhg .;yels udxi, fldgia mej;Su' Wod ( wU" .ia,nq
 wdl¾IkSh j¾K ±Íu' Wod ( lcq mqyq,ka" flfi,a
 we,Sug WmldÍjk fldl= fyda frdau wdÈh ±Íu' Wod ( kd. orK" ;=;a;sß" wem,
 i;=ka fkdu. hjk yev yd rgd ±Íu' Wod( t`vre" T,so" uoáh" lrú,

02' iq<`. u`.ska isÿjk M, yd îc jHdma;h

s
fï i`oyd M, yd îc my; wkqj¾;k olajhs'

 mdùug wdOdr jk fl`È jeks jHqy ±Íu'

Wod(- jrd" fldÜg" bUq,a

 mdùug wdOdr jk ;gq jeks jHqy ±Íu'

Wod (- fydr" .ïud¨" uqrex.d

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 16 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  M, yd îc Ydlfha w.%ia:fha yg .ekSu
Wod(- uefyda.kS" fydr

 îc b;d ieye,a¨ ùu'

Wod(- ´lsâ

 M, yd îc úYd, m%udKhla we;s ùu'

Wod (- ;DK" uefyda.kS" jrd fldÜg mq`Mka

03' c,h u`.ska isÿjk M, yd îc jHdma;sh

fï i`oyd M, yd îc my; wkqj¾:k olajhs'

 mdùug wdOdr jk iújr";ka;=uh M,djrk ±Íu'

Wod(- fmd,a" fldÜÜnd" Èh lÿre
 mdùug wdOdr jk yev we;s M,djrk ±Íu'
Wod(- fk¨ï
 jd;h msß îc ±Íu'
Wod(- ´¨

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 17 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

04' iafMdagkh ^ msmsÍu & u`.ska isÿjk M, yd îc jHdma;sh
we;eï M, j, M,djrKh msmsÍu g ,laù îc wE;g jHdma; fõ' fï i`oyd iam¾Yh" f;;a
ùu fyda úh<s mßir ;;aj fya;= fõ' Wod(- rn¾" uoáh" nKavlald" l+v`M

îc m%frdayKh
îc m%frdaykh hkq"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

îc m%frdaykh i`oyd wjYH idOl

1. ………………………………………. 2. …………………………………..

3. ………………………………………. 4. ………………………………….

îc m;% ;=< we;s tkaihsu c,h u`.ska il%Sh fõ' tu`.ska ixÑ; ù we;s ixlS¾K wdydr ir,
wdydr njg cSrKh fõ' tu wdydr u`.ska îc uQ,h yd îcdxl=rh j¾Okh fõ'

îc j, iqma;;dj
îc iqma;;dj hkq"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 18 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 wys;lr mßir ;;aj j,§ fkdkeiS mej;Sug fuu wkqj¾;kh olajhs' îc j, iqma;;djhg
my; idOl n,mdhs'

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

îc j, iqma;;djh bj;a lsÍug wkq.ukh l< yels l%u

1' m%frdaykhg m%:u îc ál ld,hla .nvd lr ;eîu'

2' îc m%frdaykhg fmr msg;ska we;s nQj fldgi ms<siaiSu'

Wod(- f;alal
3' îc j, îcdjrKh bj;a lr m%frdaykhg fhdod .ekSu'
Wod (- fodvï
4' îc m%frdaykhg fmr WKq c,h ;=< nyd,Su'
Wod (- bms,a
5' îc m%frdaykhg fmr ;e,Su'
Wod(- fk,a,s

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 19 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 udkj m%ckkh
 fhdjqkqodj - Adolescence
,sx.sl jYfhka mßk; ùu fhdjqkqodjhs' fuys§ msßñ yd .eyqKq jYfhka myiqfjka fjkalr
y`ÿkd.; yels f,i oaú;Shsl ,sx.sl ,laIK we;s fõ'

 oaù;Shsl ,sx.sl ,laIK

fhdjqkqodj;a iu`. ia;%Skaf.a yd mqreIhkaf.a we;s jk ,laIKhs'

 mqreIhka ;=< we;s jk oaú;Shl

s ,sx.sl ,laIK
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fydafudakfha l%shdldÍ;ajh ksid jhi wjqreÿ 13 -16 w;r fuu
fjkialï we;sùu wdrïN fõ'

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

 ia;%Ska ;=< we;s jk oaù;shsl ,sx.sl ,laIK

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hk fydafudak j, l%shdldÍ;ajh ksid jhi wjqreÿ 10 -14
w;r ld,fha fuu fjkialia wdrïN ùu isÿ lrhs'

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 20 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

m%ckk l%shdj,sh m%ckl moaO;sh ;=< m%ckl ffi, fyj;a cïudKq iE§u u`.ska isÿ fõ'

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh

 jDIK hq., - Testes / Testicle

fuh jDIK fldaI kï iï wdjrKhla ;=< mj;S' wKavdldr yevhla .kakd fuu jDIK ;=<
Y=l%dKq ksmojhs' jDIKhla" jDIK wKqLKaäld 250 lska muK iukaú; jk w;r tajdfha
Y=l%Or kd<sld kï ixj,s; kd,sld 1000 la muK we;' tajd ;=< Y=l%dKq ud;D ffi, we;'

 wms jDIK hq., - Epididymis

jDIKhl we;s ish¨u Y=l% kd,sld jDIKfhka msg;g meñK wms jDIKh kï ;ks ixj,s;
kd,hlg újD; jk w;r tys Y+l%dKq ;djld,slj .nvd lrhs'
 Y=l% kd, hq., - Vas deference

wms jDIKfha isg Y=l%dKq f.k hkafka Y+l% kd,h yrydh' fuys wfkla wka;h Y=l%
wdYhsldfõ isg tk kd,hg iïnkaO fõ'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 21 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  Y=l% wdYhsld hq.," mqriaÓ .%kaÓh " l+m¾ .%kaÓ hq., Seminal Vesicles , Prostratgland,
cowper gland

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh wdY%s; .%kaÓ jkafka fïjdh' fïu .%kaÓ u`.ska iqÿ meye;s i%djhla
^Y=l% ;r,& ksmojd uq;% ud¾.hg uqod yßhs' fuu ;r,fha jeo.;al u jkqfha Y=l%dKq
mßjykhg udOHhla iemhSu" tajdg fmdaIKh iemhSuhs'

 YsIaKh - Penis

fuh fmaYsuh wjhjhla jk w;r Y=l%dKq ia;%S m%ckl moaO;shg iïfm%aIkhg jeo.;a fõ'
reêrh u`.ska oDv njla ,nd fok YsIaKh Tiafia uq;% ud¾.h msg;g újD; fõ' YsIaKfha
fl<jr YsIaK uqKavhhs' th wdjrKh lrk iï mg,h fmr iu f,i y`ÿkajhs'

A
D

B
F
C
G
H
I

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha l%shdldÍ;ajh

 jeäúhg m;amqreIfhl= ;=< Y=l%dKq ckkh wdrïN lrhs' Y=l%Or kd<sld ;=< we;s Y=l%dKq
ud;D ffi, Y=l%dKq njg m;afõ'

 fuu Y=l%dKq mßK; jk úg tajd Y=l%Or kd<sld j, uOHhg ;,a¨ jk w;r bka miq tajd
wms jDIkhg .uka lrhs' tys ;djld,slj ;ekam;a lrhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 22 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  ixi¾.hla isÿjk wjia:djl§ Y=l% kd<h Tiafia Y=l%dKq .uka lrk w;r thg Y=l% wdYhsld"
mqriaÓ .%kaÓ yd l+m¾ .%kaÓ hk .%kaÓ ;=fkka ksl=;a lrk i%djhka tl;= fõ' Y=l%dKq ffi,
iys; fuu i%djh Y=l% ;r,hhs'
 Y=l% ;r,fha ñ,s,Sgr tlla ^1 ml& ;=< Y=l%dKq ffi, ñ,shk .Kkla we;'

 ksfrda.S Y=l%dKq iE§ug kï foay WIak;ajhg jvd jDIkj, WIaK;ajh wvq úh hq;=h'
foayfhka ndysrj iï u,a,la ;=< jDIK msysgd we;af;a fï fya;=fjks' fï wkqj meyeÈ<s
jkafka Y=l%dKq ckk l%shdj,sh WIaK;ajhg b;d ixfõ§ njhs'
 mßK; Y=l%dKq ip, fõ' Y=l%dKqjla m%Odk flgia 03 lska iukaú; h'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Y=l%dKqfõ m%Odk fldgia

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 23 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sfha ld¾hh

1' …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………..

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh

 äïn fldaIh - Ovary

äïn fldaI hq.,hla mj;sk w;r fïjd Wor l=yrh ;=< fY%daKS fmfofiys md¾Yaúl ì;a;s
j,g wdikakj we;' äïn fldaIhl yrialvl ndyslh yd ucacdj f,i m%Odk l<dm folla
we;' iHqksld ;=< äïn ksmojhs' m%d:ñl iHqksld j,ska wdrïN lr .%d*Sh iHqksld njg
m;afõ' äïn fudapkfhka miqj mS; foayh yd Yafõ; foayh njg m;afõ' Wmf;a isg ia;%Ska
äïn ksmojhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 24 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

  mef,damSh kd,h - Fallopian Tube

äïn fldaIfhka msgjQ ^ äïv fudapkh& äïn .uka lrk isyska fmaYsuh kd,h mef,damSh
kd,hhs' fuh äïn fldaIhlg wdikak flf<jr mqkS,dldr jk w;r ta jgd lv/,s kï
we`.s,s jeks fkreï we;' fïjd äïn mef,damSh kd<hg we;=`M lsÍug jeo.;a fõ' ixfiapkh
isÿ jkafka mef,damSh kd,fha by< fl<jf¾h'

 .¾NdIh - Uterus
fuh >k ì;a;s iys; l=yruh jHqyhla jk w;r fY%daKs l=yrh ;=< msysghs' .¾NdIfha
nqoakh kï m%foaYhg mef,damSh kd, hq., iïnkaO fõ' wfkla my< fl<jf¾ Y%Sjh fyj;a
.eí f., msysghs'

 fhdaks ud¾.h - Endocervical Canal

.eí f.f,ka miqj yuqjkafka fhdaks ud¾.hhs' fuh fhdaks újrfhka ndysr mßirhg újD;
fõ'

B
H
G C

D
E

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 25 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
äïn fldaIh

 ia;%Ska Tjqkaf.a N+Ek wjêfha isgu äïn ksmoùu wdrïN lrhs' fudjqka WmÈk úg tla äïn
fldaIhlg m%d:ñl iHqksld 200 000 $ 400 000 muK we;' fudjqka jeä úhg m;a ùug
wdikakfha§ fuu m%d:ñl iHqksldjka" .%d*S iHqksld kï ffi, iuQyhla we;s jHqyhla njg
j¾Okh fõ'
 tajd äïn flaIfha m¾hka;hg wdikakj mj;sk w;r mßk; jQ miq .%d*S iHqksldj msmSÍ ta
;=< we;s äïn" äïn fldaIfhka uqod yÍ fuh äïn fudapkhhs'

 lv/,s u`.ska fuu äïnh mef,damSh kd,hg fhduq lrhs' miqj vïnh mef,damSh kd<h
Tiafia .¾NdIh foig .uka lrhs'

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha ld¾hh

1' …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………..

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 26 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

wd¾;j pl%h fyj;a Tima pl%h - Menstrual Cycle
ia;%Ska ,sx.sl jYfhka mßK; jQ úg m%ckl moaO;sh wdY%s;j isÿjk pl%dkQl+, l%shdj,sh
wd¾;j pl%hhs' fuu tla wd¾;j pl%hla iïmQ¾K ùug wdikak jYfhka Èk 28 la .;fõ' fuys§
äïn fldaI hq.,fhka udrefjka udrejg äïn uqod yeÍu isÿ lrhs' wd¾;j pl%fha isÿùï m%Odk
ia:dk folla wdY%s;j isÿfõ'

1' …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………..

äïn fldaIh ;=< isÿjk fjkiaùï

fuh m%Odk wjê folla hgf;a isÿ fõ'
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

 iHqkl
s wjêh
fuh wdrïNl wjêh fõ' fud<hg iïnkaO msáhqgß .%kaÓfhka iHqksl W;af;acl
fydafudakh ( FSH) i%djh lrhs' fuu fydafudakfha n,mEu ksid äïn fldaIfha m%d:ñl iHqksldjla
.%d*S iHqksldjla olajd j¾Okh lrhs' fï i`oyd Èk 14 la muK .;fõ' fï wjêfha§ äïn
fldaIfhka Biag%cka fydafudakh i%djh lsÍu isÿ fõ'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 27 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 ¨hqáh,a wjêh
fuh wjidk wjêhhs' fud<hg iïnkaO msáhqgß .%kaÓfhkau ¨fghSlrk fydafudakh (
(LH) i%djh lrhs' fuu fydafudakfha n,mEu hgf;a mßK; jQ .%d*S iHqksldj msmsÍ äïnh
äïn fldaIfhka mef,damSh kd,h fj; uqod yÍ' fuu äïnh mef,damSh kd<h Èf.a bÈßhg .uka
lrhs' tys§ ixfiapkhla isÿ fkdjqks kï" .%d*S iHqksldfõ b;sß fldgi mS; foayh njg m;afõ'
miqj Yafõ; foayh njg;a m;aù mßydks fõ' fuu ¨hqáh,a wjêfha isÿjk l%shdj,Ska i`oydo Èk
14 la muK .;fõ' fuu wjêfha§ äïn fldaIfhka fm%dfciafgfrdaka fydafudakh i%djh lrhs'

.¾NdIh ;=< isÿjk fjkia ùï

ixfiapkhla isÿ fkdjQ wjia:djl§ .¾NdIh ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï m%Odk wjê 03 la
hgf;a isÿfõ'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

 wd¾;j wjêh

fuh wdrïNl wjêhhs' ixfiapkhla isÿ fkdjQ wjia:djl§ fm%dfciafgfrdaka fydafudak

uÜgu my< hhs' fï fya;=fjka .¾NdI ì;a;sh ì`o jefÜ' fuu .¾NdI ì;a;sh reêr jdyskS j,ska
wêlj msÍ mj;S' tu ksid .¾NdI ì;a;s ì`o jeàfuka tu fldgia iu`. reêrho fhdaks ud¾.h
Tiafia foayfhka msgfõ' fuh wd¾;j m%jdyh f,i y`ÿkajhs' fuhg .; jk ld,h Èk 4 la muK
fõ'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 28 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 m%.=Kk wjêh

fuh fojk wjêhhs' äïn fldaIfhka i%djh lrk Biag%cka fydafudakfha n,mEu hgf;a ì`o
jegqKq .¾NdI ì;a;sh kej;;a l%ufhka j¾Okh fõ' fuys§ .¾NdIfha we;=`M ì;a;sfha kj ffi,
ia;rhla yd tajd jdyskSu;aùu ^ reêr flaYkd<sld iq,N ùu& isÿ fõ' fuhg .; jk ld,h Èk 10
la muK fõ' äïn fldaI pl%fha iHqksl wjêh yd .¾NdI m%.=kk wjêh tlsfklg
iïnkaëlrkh fõ'
 i%dù wjêh

fuh wjidk wjêhhs' .¾NdI ì;a;sh ;jÿrg;a >klï fõ' reêr iemhqu jeä ùu iy
.¾NdI ì;a;sfha .%kaÓ l%shd;aul ù i%dù ;;ajhg m;a fõ' fuh isÿ jkafka fm%dfciafgfrdaka
fydafudakfha n,mEu hgf;ah' fï wjêfha§ foay WIaK;ajh iq`M jYfhka jeäfõ' fuhg .;jk
ld,h Èk 14 la muK fõ' äïnfldaI pl%fha ¨hqáh,a wjêh yd .¾NdIhsl pl%fha wjêh
tlsfklg iïnkaëlrkh fõ'
wd¾;j pl%h ;=<§ foay WIaK;ajh isÿ jk fjkiaùu'

ixfiapkh yd wêfrdamKh
ixfiapkh hkq"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 Y=l%dKq ;r,fhys Y=l%dKq úYd, ixLHdjla mj;S' fuu ;r,h ixi¾.fha§ ia;%S fhdakS ud¾.h
fj; uqod yßkq ,nhs' fuu Y=l%dKq ;r,h ;=< Y=l%dKq msyskñka .¾NdIh Tiafia mef,damSh kd<fha
by< fl<jrg .uka lrhs' äïn fldaIfhka ksl=;ajk äïn mef,damSh kd<fha my< fl<jf¾ isg
by< fl<jrg .uka lrhs' fuu ia:dkfha§ äïnh yd Y=ldKq tla ffi,hla tlsfklg tl;= fõ'
tys§ isÿ jkafka äïnfha yd Y=l%dKqfõ kHIaál øjH ñY% ùuhs' fuh ixfiapkhhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 29 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 ixfiaÑ; äïnh hqla;dkqjhs' hqla;dkqj mef,damSh kd<h yryd .¾NdIhg .uka lrk
w;r;=r fNaokh wdrïN lrhs' fNaokh u`.ska ffi, ixLHdj jeä lr .kS' fuf,i ffi,
ixLHdj jeä lr .kafka wkQkk úNdckfhls' ±ka fuu >k ffi, fnda,h fudre,dj f,i
y`ÿkajhs' fuu fudre,dj .¾NdI ì;a;sfha mj;sk mgl úLdokh lrñka .s,S tys ;eïm;a fõ' fuh
wêfrdamKhhs'
 ixfiapkfhka meh 24 lg muK miq hqla;dkqfõ fNaokh wdrïN fõ'
 äïn m%kd, j, mlaIu mj;S' tajdfha l%udl=xpk p,k u`.ska hqla;dkqj .¾NdIh lrd
/f.k hhs'
 ixfiapkfhka Èk 3-4-5 lg miq fudre,dj .¾NdIh fj; meñfKa'
 ixfiapkfhka Èk 7 lg muK miq wêfrdamKh isÿfõ'

N%EKfha úlikh

 wêfrdamKh ùfuka miqj ;j ÿrg;a ffi, úNdckh ù l,, úlikh isÿ fõ'

 i;s 6 lg muK miq l,,hg wdrlaIl mg, j¾Okh jk w;r tajd l,, mg,f,i
y`ÿkajhs' fuu mg, ;=, ;r,hla msÍ mj;S'

 l,,h N%EKhla f,i y`ÿkajkafka l,,hg jhi i;s 9 la muK .; jQ miqjhs' fuu
N%EKh ;r,fha .s,S mj;S'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 30 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 l,, nkaOh iefokafka N%EKfha l,, mg, yd .¾NdIfha we;=<; ì;a;s tl;= ùfuks' fuu
l,, nkaOh u`.ska ujf.a reêr ixirK moaO;sh yd N%EK reêr ixirK moaO;sh w;r
fmdaIl øjH" Yajik jdhq" mßjD;a;Sh wmøjH yqjudre fõ'

 kuq;a flfia fj;;a ud;D yd l,, $ N%EK reêr kd, tla ùula isÿ fkdjk w;r tajd
u`.ska /f.k hk reêrho ñY% fkdfõ'

fmlksje, hkq"

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 l,, nkaOh ;=<g úirkh jQ fmdaIl øjH yd Tlaiscka N%EKhg mßjykh lsÍu;a" N%EKh
u`.ska ksmojk wmøjH neyer lsÍu;a fmlksje, yryd isÿ fõ'

 fmlks je, yrydo reêrh yqjudrejla isÿ fkdfõ' ujf.a isg N%EKhg fmdaIl" Tlaiscka"
frda. ldrl .uka lrhs' ffjria j,g .uka l< yel'

 nysiai%dù wmøjH" ldnkavfhdlaihsâ hkdÈh N%EKfhka bj;a jkafkao fuu fmlksje,

yrydh'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 31 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 N%EK úlikfha m%Odk isÿùï yd wod< ld, jljdkq

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 32 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

ore m%iQ;sh
N%EK úlikh iïmQ¾K jkafka Èk 280 la muK .;jQ miqjh' m%iQ;sh wdikak jk úg
N%EKh .¾NdIh ;=< msysgkafka ysi my<g isák mßÈh' fuu wjia:dfõ§ .¾NdIfha fmaIs
ixfldapkh ùfuka orejd fhdaks ud¾.h Tiafia msg;g ;,a¨fõ' fuh ore m%iQ;shhs' fkdkj;ajd
isÿjk ixfldapkh u`.ska l,, nkaOh yd iïnkaO wfkl=;a fmaIS o bj;a lrhs' fuh jeoEuy kï
fõ' m%iQ;sfhka miqj fmlksje, lmd .eg .ihs'

fydafudak iudfhdackh
udkj m%ckkfha§ mqreI yd ia;%S fomd¾Yjfhau m%ckk l%shdj,sh iïmQ¾Kfhkau fydafudak
md,khla hgf;a isÿ fõ' fuys§ jeo.;ajk fydafudak jkafka FSH,LH,fgiafgdiafgfrdaka"
fm%dfciafgfrdaka yd Biag%cka fõ fïjd wka;rdi¾.S .%kaÓ lsysmhlska i%djh lrhs'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 33 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.

,sx.sl iïfm%aIK frda. f,i y`ÿkajkafka m%Odk jYfhka ,sx.sl iïnkaO;djla ksid;a ,sx.sl i%dj
,sx.sl wjhj j, ;ejÍu ksid;a tla mqoa.,fhl=f.ka ;j;a mqoa.,fhl=g wdidokh jk frda.hs'
wdidê; reêr yqjudrejlskao fïjd wdidokh úh yel' iudkHfhka ±kg fuu frda. 20 la muK
y`ÿkdf.k we;'

 f.dfkdaßhd ^ iqÿ ìxÿu&

fuu frda.h Neisseria gonorrhoeae kï nelaàßhdjla u`.ska fnda lrhs' frda. ,laIK

1' ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 fuhg ksis m%;sldr fkdlsÍfuka wkaOùu" fldrùu jeks ;;aj we;súh yelsh'
 isms,sia ^WmoxYh&

fuu frda.h Treponema Pallidum kï nelaàßhdjla u`.ska fnda lrhs'

frda. ,laIK (- 1' …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………..
 ksis m%;sldr u`.ska iqj l< yels w;r fuu nelaàßhdjg wjqreÿ lsysmhla reêrfha wl%Shj
cSj;aúh yelsh' fï ld,fha§ wfkl=;a wjhj j,g frda.h jHdma; fõ'

 y¾mSia
 fuu frda.h Herpes simplex keue;s ffjrih u`.ska fnda lrhs'
 frda. ,laIK( ,sxf.akaøh wdYs%;j fõokdldÍ ìì,s we;s fõ'
 fuhg ksis m%;sldr fkdlsÍfuka iakdhq moaO;sh wvmk lsÍu isÿ fõ' tfiau iakdhq moaO;sh
;=< ksoka.;fõ' kej; kej; u;= fõ' udrdka;sl ke;'
 iaÒr m%;sldr fkdue;'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 34 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h

 AIDS (Acquired Immuno deficiency Syndrome)

 fuu frda.h m%;sYla;s W!k;d ffjrih ( HIV / Human Immunodeficiency Virus) u`.ska
fndalrhs'
 fuh foayhg we;=`M ù jir 2 -15 w;r frda. ,laIK u;=fõ'
 frda. ,laIK (-

1 …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………..
3. …………………………………………………………………………………..

 fuu frda.h iqj l< fkdyels w;r ,sx.sl i%dj fyda reêrh u`.ska ffjrih iïfm%aIKh
fõ' ujf.a isg N%EKhg .¾NkS iufha§" ore Wmf;a§ yd uõlsß §fu§ jHdma; úh yelsh'

 ,sx.slj iufm%aIKh jk frda. j<lajd .ekSug ,sx.sl p¾hd iïnkaOfhka j.lSfuka

lghq;= l< hq;=h'

Ydka M fiakdr;ak msgqj 35 yo .efyk rsoauhg mk fmdjk Science ;d,h