Nano-biosorbents for Decontamination

of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Adil

Denizli & Nisar Ali & Muhammad Bilal &
Adnan Khan & Tuan Anh Nguyen
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmass.com/product/nano-biosorbents-for-decontamination-of-water-air-an
d-soil-pollution-adil-denizli-nisar-ali-muhammad-bilal-adnan-khan-tuan-anh-nguyen/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Elsevier Weekblad - Week 26 - 2022 Gebruiker

https://ebookmass.com/product/elsevier-weekblad-
week-26-2022-gebruiker/

Jock Seeks Geek: The Holidates Series Book #26 Jill

Brashear

https://ebookmass.com/product/jock-seeks-geek-the-holidates-
series-book-26-jill-brashear/

The New York Review of Books – N. 09, May 26 2022

Various Authors

https://ebookmass.com/product/the-new-york-review-of-
books-n-09-may-26-2022-various-authors/

Calculate with Confidence, 8e (Oct 26,

2021)_(0323696953)_(Elsevier) 8th Edition Morris Rn
Bsn Ma Lnc

https://ebookmass.com/product/calculate-with-
confidence-8e-oct-26-2021_0323696953_elsevier-8th-edition-morris-
rn-bsn-ma-lnc/
1 st International Congress and Exhibition on
Sustainability in Music, Art, Textile and Fashion
(ICESMATF 2023) January, 26-27 Madrid, Spain Exhibition
Book 1st Edition Tatiana Lissa
https://ebookmass.com/product/1-st-international-congress-and-
exhibition-on-sustainability-in-music-art-textile-and-fashion-
icesmatf-2023-january-26-27-madrid-spain-exhibition-book-1st-
edition-tatiana-lissa/

Molecular Imprinting for Nanosensors and Other Sensing

Applications 1st Edition Adil Denizli (Editor)

https://ebookmass.com/product/molecular-imprinting-for-
nanosensors-and-other-sensing-applications-1st-edition-adil-
denizli-editor/

Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications Adil Denizli

(Editor)

https://ebookmass.com/product/plasmonic-sensors-and-their-
applications-adil-denizli-editor/

Microbial Consortium and Biotransformation for

Pollution Decontamination Gowhar Hamid Dar

https://ebookmass.com/product/microbial-consortium-and-
biotransformation-for-pollution-decontamination-gowhar-hamid-dar/

Air Pollution 1st Edition Mn Rao

https://ebookmass.com/product/air-pollution-1st-edition-mn-rao/
 NANO-BIOSORBENTS FOR
DECONTAMINATION OF WATER, AIR,
AND SOIL POLLUTION
This page intentionally left blank
 NANO-BIOSORBENTS FOR
DECONTAMINATION OF WATER, AIR,
AND SOIL POLLUTION

Edited by

ADIL DENIZLI
Professor, Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey

NISAR ALI
Professor, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, at Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China

MUHAMMAD BILAL
School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China

ADNAN KHAN
Professor, Institute of Chemical Sciences, at the University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

TUAN ANH NGUYEN

Principal Research Scientist, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Elsevier
Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using
any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods
they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a
professional responsibility.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability
for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or
from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-0-323-90912-9

For information on all Elsevier publications

visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals

Publisher: Matthew Deans

Acquisitions Editor: Edward Payne
Editorial Project Manager: Rafael G. Trombaco
Production Project Manager: Prem Kumar Kaliamoorthi
Cover Designer: Matthew Limbert

Typeset by STRAIVE, India

 Dedication

This book has been prepared during the second year of the Covid-19 pandemic with many
efforts and contributions from authors across the globe.
During the writing stage, many authors/editors were in lockdown or infected by
SARS-CoV-2.
The book is dedicated to those authors we have lost to coronavirus.
This page intentionally left blank
 Contents

Contributors xiii 3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 Fundamentals of nanobiosorption 46
3.3 General preparation of nanobiosorbents 47
I 3.4 Common natural biopolymers based
nanobiosorbents 49
Basics principles 3.5 Applications of nanobiosorbents in contaminants
removal 52
1. Nano-biosorbents for contaminant 3.6 Conclusion 52
removal: An introduction Acknowledgment 54
Duygu Çimen, Ilgım G€
okt€urk, Merve Çalışır, Fatma Yılmaz, and
Conflict of interests 54
Adil Denizli References 54

1.1 Introduction 3
4. Methods for the synthesis of nano-
1.2 Nanobiopolymers 4
1.3 Nanobiopolymer fabrication techniques 8 biosorbents for the contaminant removal
1.4 Environmental applications of Harshal Dabhane, Swati Chatur, Suresh Ghotekar,
Dnyaneshwar Sanap, Ghanshyam Jadhav, Muhammad Bilal, and
nanobiopolymers 18
Vijay Medhane
1.5 Conclusion 19
1.6 Future outlook 20 4.1 Introduction 61
References 21 4.2 Types of nano-biosorbents 62
4.3 Methods for the synthesis of nano-biosorbents and
2. Introduction to nano-biosorbents their applications 63
Adnan Khan, Sumeet Malik, Nisar Ali, Yong Yang, 4.4 Conclusion 71
Mohammed Salim Akhter, and Muhammad Bilal References 71

2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Concept of biosorption 31 5. An insight into the potential
2.3 Incorporation of nanotechnology with contaminants, their effects, and removal
biosorption 32 means
2.4 Green approach for contaminants removal using
Fatma Gurbuz and Mehmet Odabaşı
nano-biosorbents 34
2.5 Conclusion 38 5.1 Contaminants of concern 75
References 38 5.2 Understanding the major contaminants and
sources 76
3. Nanobiosorbents: Basic principles, 5.3 Metals, metalloids, organometals 78
synthesis, and application for contaminants 5.4 Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) 80
removal 5.5 Removal of emerging contaminants 85
Adnan Khan, Sumeet Malik, Nisar Ali, Muhammad Bilal, Yong Yang,
5.6 Conclusion 95
Mohammed Salim Akhter, Cao Zhou, Ye Wenjie, and Acknowledgments 95
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal References 96

vii
viii Contents

6. Advantages of nanoadsorbents, 9. Non-toxic nature of nano-biosorbents as

biosorbents, and nanobiosorbents for a positive approach toward green
contaminant removal environment
Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas, Hossein Esmaeili, Sajad Tamjidi, and Sabir Khan, Shakeel Zeb, Jaime Vega-Chacón, Sergio Espinoza Torres,
Alipasha Geramifard Sandra Quispe Martı́nez, Rosario López, Ily Marilú Maza Mejı́a,
Christian Ronald Jacinto Hernández, Javier Lobaton Vila,
6.1 Introduction 105 Eduardo Jara Cornejo, Charles Pizan Aquino, Bianca Mortari,
Luis Fernando Tavares Borges, Gerson A. Ruiz-Córdova,
6.2 Types of contaminants 106
Fredy Lucho Rondinel Carhuas, Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor,
6.3 Different methods for wastewater and Gino Picasso
treatment 110
6.4 Biosorption 113 9.1 Introduction 187
6.5 Factors affecting the biosorption process 114 9.2 Nano-biosorbents surface modification for
6.6 Types of adsorbents and their properties in environmental remediation 189
wastewater treatment 116 9.3 Magnetic nanoparticles immobilized as
6.7 Conclusion 129 nano-biosorbent 197
References 129 9.4 Application in heavy metal removal 201
9.5 Application emerging contaminant 206
7. Nanomaterials for removal of heavy 9.6 Application classic contaminant 211
metals from wastewater 9.7 Advantages of nano-engineered adsorbent and
future prospects 216
Fahmeeda Kausar, Ahmad Reza Bagheri, Tahir Rasheed,
Muhammad Bilal, Komal Rizwan, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and
References 217
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
10. Nanoadsorbents for environmental
7.1 Introduction 135 remediation of polluting agents
7.2 Pollution sources and treatment Katya M. Aguilar-Perez, Gustavo Ruiz-Pulido, Dora I. Medina,
strategies 137 Roberto Parra-Saldivar, Nadia Nazish, Muhammad Bilal, and
7.3 Metal based-nanomaterials 139 Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
7.4 Metal oxide-based nanomaterials 140
7.5 Biochar-supported NMs 146 10.1 Introduction 227
7.6 Biochar-supported nanoparticles heavy metals 10.2 Nanoadsorbents and their useful aspects 228
treatment 149 10.3 Carbon-based nanoadsorbents 228
7.7 Heavy metals elimination via 10.4 Nanoparticles-based nanoadsorbent
adsorption 150 materials 232
7.8 Heavy metals removal through 10.5 Concluding remarks and outlook 235
photocatalysis 151 Acknowledgments 235
7.9 Photo-Fenton and Fenton reactions 152 Conflicts of interest 236
7.10 Conclusions and future perspectives 153 References 236
References 154
II
8. Nanosorbents for heavy metals Cellulose-based nanobiosorbents for
removal decontamination of environmental
Tahir Rasheed, Fahmeeda Kausar, Sameera Shafi, and
Muhammad Bilal
matrices

8.1 Introduction 163 11. Risk assessment of nanocellulose

8.2 Inorganic NMs 165 exposure
8.3 Polymer-organic NMs 175 Minashree Kumari
8.4 Polymer-supported organic NCs 176
8.5 Conclusions and perspectives 178 11.1 Introduction 243
References 178 11.2 Risk assessment framework 244
 Contents ix
11.3 Guidelines and regulations 248 15. Cellulose composites as
11.4 Conclusions and implications of the study 248 nanobiosorbents for ecological
References 249
remediation
12. Cellulose-based nanobiosorbents: Zari Fallah, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Mahmood Tajbakhsh,
and Vinod V.T. Padil
An insight
Ilgım G€
okt€ €
urk, Duygu Çimen, Merve Asena Ozbek, 15.1 Introduction 333
Fatma Yılmaz, and Adil Denizli 15.2 Ecological remediation by cellulose
nanocomposites 334
12.1 Introduction 251 15.3 Conclusion 352
12.2 Nanocellulose and its sources 254 References 353
12.3 Types of nanocellulose 256
12.4 Environmental and agricultural applications of 16. Modification and derivatization
nanocellulose 259
of cellulose-based nanobiosorbents and
12.5 Conclusion and future outlook 265
References 267 their utilization in environmental
remediation
13. Synthesis and properties of cellulose- Sajjad Ullah, Elias Paiva Ferreira-Neto, Saima Sohni,
based nanobiosorbents Akbar Ali, and Rashida Parveen

Anindita De, Mridula Guin, and N.B. Singh 16.1 Cellulose-based nanomaterials as
biosorbents 359
13.1 Introduction 275 16.2 Molecular functionalization of cellulose-based
13.2 Nanocellulose 276 materials 364
13.3 Isolation of nanocellulose from various 16.3 Inorganic nanostructures modified
sources 278 cellulose: Improved multifunctional
13.4 Properties of nanocellulose 283 adsorbents 379
13.5 Characterization of nanocellulose 288 16.4 Adsorbents with photocatalytic/antibacterial
13.6 Surface modification of nanocellulose 289 functions 384
13.7 Nanocellulose-based nanocomposites 293 16.5 Conclusions 387
13.8 Bacterial nanocellulose 293 References 387
13.9 Properties of BNC 294
13.10 Applications of nanocellulose 295
17. Cellulose-based nano-biosorbents
13.11 Challenges and future perspectives 310
13.12 Conclusions 311 in water purification
References 311 Oluwaseun J. Ajala, A. Khadir, Joshua O. Ighalo,
and Great C. Umenweke

14. Introduction to cellulose-based 17.1 Introduction 395

nanobiosorbents 17.2 Cellulose and its application 396
Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy and Agnes Magri 17.3 Cellulose-based composites for the
removal of dyes 399
14.1 Contextualization 317 17.4 Cellulose-based composites for the
14.2 Classification and preparation of CN removal of heavy metals 402
structures 318 17.5 Cellulose-based composites for the
14.3 Adsorption/desorption process 321 removal of pharmaceuticals 404
14.4 Final remarks and future perspectives 327 17.6 Conclusion 410
References 327 References 410
x Contents

III 20.3 Conversion of citrus fruit waste to activated

carbon 459
Chitosan-based nanobiosorbents for 20.4 Electrochemical properties of active carbon
deterioration of environmental materials based on citrus fruits 467
20.5 Regeneration of active carbon material 469
matrices 20.6 Discussions 471
20.7 Conclusion and future perspectives 473
18. Toxic metals adsorption from water Acknowledgments 474
using chitosan nanoderivatives References 474
F.J. Alguacil and J.I. Robla
21. Alginate-based nanobiosorbents for
18.1 Introduction 419
bioremediation of environmental pollutants
18.2 Arsenic 420
Komal Rizwan, Tahir Rasheed, and Muhammad Bilal
18.3 Cadmium 423
18.4 Chromium 427
21.1 Introduction 479
18.5 Mercury 428
21.2 Synthesis of alginate-based composites 480
18.6 Lead 429
21.3 Role of alginate-based composites for removal
18.7 Conclusions 432
of heavy metals 483
Acknowledgments 433
21.4 Role of alginate-based composites for removal
References 433
of dyes 485
21.5 Removal of radionuclides 492
19. Toxicological impact and adsorptive 21.6 Removal of pharmaceutical
removal of triclosan from water bodies contaminants 494
using chitosan and carbon-based 21.7 Conclusion and future perspectives 496
nano-architectures Acknowledgment 496
Tahir Rasheed, Muhammad Bilal, and Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
References 496

19.1 Introduction 437 22. Synthesis of novel nanobioadsorbent for

19.2 Occurrence, persistence, and ecological the effective removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+
impacts of triclosan 438 ions—Adsorption, equilibrium, modeling,
19.3 Toxicity and ecological effects of TCS 439
and optimization studies
19.4 Treatment technologies for removing TCS 442
B. Uma Maheswari, V.M. Sivakumar, and M. Thirumarimurugan
19.5 Removal of TCS by adsorption techniques 443
19.6 Conclusions and perspectives 448
22.1 Introduction 504
Acknowledgment 448
22.2 Materials and methods 505
Conflict of interest 448
22.3 Results and discussion 508
References 449
22.4 Conclusion 526
Acknowledgment 526
IV References 526

Multifarious biopolymers as 23. Nanocrystalline NiO powder:

nanobiosorbents for Synthesis, characterization and emerging
decontamination of environmental applications
matrices Bhagaban Kisan, Ranjan K. Bhuyan, and Ranjan K. Mohapatra

20. Sorbent based on citrus peel waste 23.1 Introduction 529

for wastewater treatment 23.2 Methods for synthesis and characterization of
 c,
Vesna Krstic, Tamara Uroševic, Marina Ud̄ilanovic, Andrija Ciri
NiO powder 530
and Snežana Milic 23.3 Structures and properties of nanocrystalline
NiO powders 532
20.1 Introduction 455 23.4 Emerging applications 543
20.2 Characteristics of citrus peel waste 456 23.5 Summary 546
 Contents xi
Acknowledgment 547 25.4 Active phases 579
Conflict of interest 547 25.5 Adsorbents for aqueous pollutants 582
References 547 25.6 Adsorbents for pollutants in gaseous
forms 590
24. Attraction to adsorption: Preparation 25.7 Adsorbents for soil remediation 596
methods and performance of novel magnetic 25.8 Conclusions-perspectives 598
Acknowledgments 600
biochars for water and wastewater treatment
References 600
Yasmin Vieira, Eder C. Lima, and Guilherme L. Dotto

24.1 Introduction 551 26. Magnetic nanomaterials-based

24.2 Synthesis and preparation methods 553 biosorbents
24.3 Magnetic properties 555
Suresh Ghotekar, H.C. Ananda Murthy, Arpita Roy,
24.4 Adsorption applications 555 Muhammad Bilal, and Rajeshwari Oza
24.5 Conclusion 565
Acknowledgments 565 26.1 Introduction 605
References 566 26.2 Fabrication of efficient magnetic
nanomaterial biosorbents 606
25. Biomass-derived 26.3 Surface modification of the selective
nanocomposites: A critical evaluation magnetic nanoparticles 608
of their performance toward the 26.4 Applications 608
26.5 Determined the cost of MB 610
capture of inorganic pollutants
26.6 Discard and exploitation of MBs from
Konstantinos Simeonidis, Evgenios Kokkinos, Efthimia Kaprara, and
wastewater 610
Anastasios Zouboulis
26.7 Conclusion 611
25.1 Introduction 569 References 611
25.2 Biomass-derived adsorbents 570
25.3 Synthesis of nanocomposites 575 Index 615
This page intentionally left blank
 Contributors
Katya M. Aguilar-P
erez Tecnologico de
Monterrey, School of Engineering and
Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Mexico
Oluwaseun J. Ajala Department of Industrial
Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin;
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Mohammed Salim Akhter Department of
Chemistry, College of Science, University of
Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
F.J. Alguacil National Center for Metallurgical
Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Akbar Ali Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Nisar Ali Key Laboratory of Regional Resource
Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of
Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
Charles Pizan Aquino Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
Ahmad Reza Bagheri Department of
Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
Ranjan K. Bhuyan P.G. Department of Physics,
Government (Autonomous) College, Angul,
Odisha, India
Muhammad Bilal School of Life Science and
Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of
Technology, Huaian, China
Luis Fernando Tavares Borges Institute of
Chemistry, UNESP-São Paulo State
University; National Institute for Alternative
Technologies of Detection, Toxicological
Evaluation & Removal of Micropollutants and
Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara,
SP, Brazil
xiii
Merve Çalışır Department of Chemistry,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Fredy Lucho Rondinel Carhuas Laboratory of
Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of
Sciences, National University of Engineering,
Lima, Peru
Swati Chatur Department of Chemistry, G.M.D
Arts, B.W Commerce and Science College,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik,
Maharashtra, India
Duygu Çimen Department of Chemistry,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

c Faculty of Science, Chemistry
Andrija Ciri

Department, University of Kragujevac,
Kragujevac, Serbia
Eduardo Jara Cornejo Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
Harshal Dabhane Department of Chemistry, G.
M.D Arts, B.W Commerce and Science College;
Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H.
Commerce and A.M. Science College,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik,
Maharashtra, India
Anindita De Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater
Noida, India
Adil Denizli Department of Chemistry,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Guilherme L. Dotto Department of Chemical
Engineering, Federal University of
Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Hossein Esmaeili Department of Chemical
Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Bushehr, Iran
Zari Fallah Faculty of Chemistry, University of
Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
xiv Contributors
Elias Paiva Ferreira-Neto Institute of Chemistry-
Sa~o Paulo State University (UNESP),
Araraquara, Brazil
Alipasha Geramifard Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Suresh Ghotekar Department of Chemistry,
Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College
of Commerce and Science, University of
Mumbai, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(UT), India
Ilgım G€ urk Department of Chemistry,
okt€
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Mridula Guin Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Sharda University, Greater
Noida, India
Fatma Gurbuz Department of Environmental
Engineering, University of Aksaray, Aksaray,
Turkey
Christian Ronald Jacinto Hernández Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of
Sciences, National University of Engineering,
Lima, Peru
Joshua O. Ighalo Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin;
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Hafiz M.N. Iqbal Tecnologico de Monterrey,
School of Engineering and Sciences,
Monterrey, Mexico
Ghanshyam Jadhav Department of Chemistry,
K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science
College, Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Efthimia Kaprara Department of Chemical
Engineering, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Fahmeeda Kausar School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai, China
A. Khadir Young Researcher and Elite Club,
Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre
Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
Adnan Khan Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Sabir Khan Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
Research, Faculty of Sciences, National
University of Engineering, Lima, Peru;
Institute of Chemistry, UNESP-São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
Bhagaban Kisan Post Graduate Department of
Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, India
Evgenios Kokkinos Department of Chemistry,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
Vesna Krsti
c Mining and Metallurgy Institute
Bor; University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty
Bor, Bor, Serbia
Minashree Kumari Department of Civil
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India
Eder C. Lima Institute of Chemistry, Federal
University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS),
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Rosario López Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
Agnes Magri Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-
Ceara, Eus
ebio, Brazil
Sumeet Malik Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Sandra Quispe Martı́nez Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
Vijay Medhane Department of Chemistry, K.R.
T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science
College, Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Dora I. Medina Tecnologico de Monterrey,
School of Engineering and Sciences,
Atizapan de Zaragoza, Mexico
Ily Marilú Maza Mejı́a Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
 Contributors
Snežana Mili
c University of Belgrade,
Technical Faculty Bor, Bor, Serbia
Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas Department of
Chemical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Ranjan K. Mohapatra Department of Chemistry,
Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar,
Odisha, India
Bianca Mortari Institute of Chemistry,
UNESP-São Paulo State University; National
Institute for Alternative Technologies of
Detection, Toxicological Evaluation & Arpita Roy Department of Biotechnology,
Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives
(INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
H.C. Ananda Murthy Department of Applied
Chemistry, School of Applied Natural
Sciences, Adama Science and Technology
University, Adama, Ethiopia
Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy Department of
Engineering of Bioprocesses and
Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP),
Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
Nadia Nazish Department of Zoology,
University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Tuan Anh Nguyen Institute for Tropical
Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science
and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Mehmet Odabaşı Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Aksaray University,
Aksaray, Turkey
Rajeshwari Oza Department of Chemistry, S.N.
Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science
College, Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
€
Merve Asena Ozbek Department of Chemistry,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Vinod V.T. Padil Institute for Nanomaterials,
Advanced Technologies and Innovation
(CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL),
Liberec, Czech Republic
Roberto Parra-Saldivar Tecnologico de
Monterrey, School of Engineering and
Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
Rashida Parveen Government Girls Degree
College Dabgari, Peshawar, Pakistan
xv
Gino Picasso Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
Research, Faculty of Sciences, National
University of Engineering, Lima, Peru
Tahir Rasheed Interdisciplinary Research
Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals
(KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Komal Rizwan Department of Chemistry,
University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
J.I. Robla National Center for Metallurgical
Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda
University, Greater Noida, India
Gerson A. Ruiz-Córdova Laboratory of
Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of
Sciences, National University of Engineering,
Lima, Peru
Gustavo Ruiz-Pulido Tecnologico de
Monterrey, School of Engineering and
Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza, Mexico
Dnyaneshwar Sanap Department of
Chemistry, G.M.D Arts, B.W Commerce and
Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Sameera Shafi Institute of Chemistry, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Konstantinos Simeonidis Department of
Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
N.B. Singh Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry; Research Development Cell,
Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
V.M. Sivakumar Department of Chemical
Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of
Technology, Coimbatore, India
Saima Sohni Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor Institute of
Chemistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University;
National Institute for Alternative Technologies
of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation &
Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives
(INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
xvi Contributors
Mahmood Tajbakhsh Faculty of Chemistry,
University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Sajad Tamjidi Department of Chemical
Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Shiraz, Iran
M. Thirumarimurugan Department of
Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute
of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Sergio Espinoza Torres Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima,
Peru
Marina Uđilanovi
c Faculty of Science,
Chemistry Department, University of
Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Sajjad Ullah Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
B. Uma Maheswari Department of Chemical
Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of
Technology, Coimbatore, India
Great C. Umenweke Department of Chemistry,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United
States
Tamara Uroševi
c Mining and Metallurgy
Institute Bor, Bor, Serbia
Jaime Vega-Chacón Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences,
National University of Engineering, Lima,
Peru
Yasmin Vieira Graduate Program of Chemistry,
Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),
Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Javier Lobaton Vila Institute of Chemistry,
UNESP-São Paulo State University; National
Institute for Alternative Technologies of
Detection, Toxicological Evaluation &
Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives
(INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
Ye Wenjie Key Laboratory of Regional Resource
Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of
Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
Yong Yang Key Laboratory of Regional
Resource Exploitation and Medicinal
Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
Huaiyin Institute of Technology,
Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
Fatma Yılmaz Vocational School of Gerede,
Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu
Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare School of Chemistry,
Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Shakeel Zeb Institute of Chemistry, UNESP-São
Paulo State University; National Institute for
Alternative Technologies of Detection,
Toxicological Evaluation & Removal of
Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-
DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
Cao Zhou Key Laboratory of Regional Resource
Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of
Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
Anastasios Zouboulis Department of
Chemistry, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
 P A R T I

Basics principles
This page intentionally left blank
 C H A P T E R

1
Nano-biosorbents for contaminant
removal: An introduction
Duygu Çimena, Ilgım G€ urka, Merve Çalışıra,
okt€
Fatma Yılmazb, and Adil Denizlia
a
Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey bVocational School of Gerede,
Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

1.1 Introduction

Nanotechnology focuses on the production of nanoscale materials for commercial use to

obtain new structural and functional materials (Whitesides, 2005). One of the nanoscale ma-
terials used in many fields is nanobiopolymers. Nanobiopolymers, one of the nanoscale ma-
terials used in many fields, have attracted great attention in recent years due to their
biodegradability, sustainability and biocompatibility (Yang et al., 2019). Nanobiopolymers
such as nanochitin, nanostarch, nanocellulose, and nanosilk are produced from renewable
sources and living organisms. In addition, they are sustainable natural nanoscale materials
with their structural features, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, abundant availability, and easy
of modification (Hassan et al., 2019; Sahana and Rekha, 2018).
The most abundant, biodegradable and renewable natural polymer in the world is cellu-
lose. Recently, cellulose in a nanoscale form (i.e., nanobiocellulose) has been recognized as a
reliable green substrate for use in a wide variety of applications. Because nanobiocellulose
contains many hydroxyl groups, it is an important nanobiopolymer of choice for surface mod-
ifications. Moreover, besides being a renewable and good mechanical property and being a
low-cost material, nanobiocellulose has very low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility,
and antimicrobial effects (Nascimento et al., 2016; Prasad Reddy and Rhim, 2014).
Nanochitin, one of the bio-based nanomaterials, has recently been of great interest due to
its similar properties to the structure of nanocellulose (Facchine et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2016).
Nanochitins are preferred to reduce adverse environmental impacts such as dependence on
fossil fuels and the use of reagents/hard solvents to increase the use of bio-based components.

Nano-biosorbents for Decontamination of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 3 Copyright # 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90912-9.00001-0
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Miniver loved the Medici,
Albeit he had never seen one;
He would have sinned incessantly
Could he have been one.

Miniver cursed the commonplace,

And eyed a khaki suit with loathing;
He missed the mediæval grace
Of iron clothing.

Miniver scorned the gold he sought,

But sore annoyed he was without it;
Miniver thought and thought and thought
And thought about it.

Miniver Cheevy, born too late,

Scratched his head and kept on thinking;
Miniver coughed, and called it fate,
And kept on drinking.

TWO MEN
There be two men of all mankind
That I should like to know about;
But search and question where I will,
I cannot ever find them out.

Melchizedek he praised the Lord,

And gave some wine to Abraham;
But who can tell what else he did
Must be more learned than I am.

Ucalegon he lost his house

When Agamemnon came to Troy;
But who can tell me who he was—
I’ll pray the gods to give him joy.

There be two men of all mankind

That I’m forever thinking on;
They chase me everywhere I go,—
Melchizedek, Ucalegon.

Arthur Guiterman, among the best of our present day humorous

writers, never did anything better than this intensified bit of
burlesque.
MAVRONE
ONE OF THOSE SAD IRISH POEMS, WITH NOTES

From Arranmore the weary miles I’ve come;

An’ all the way I’ve heard
A Shrawn[2] that’s kep’ me silent, speechless, dumb,
Not sayin’ any word.
An’ was it then the Shrawn of Eire,[3] you’ll say,
For him that died the death on Carrisbool?
It was not that; nor was it, by the way,
The Sons of Garnim[4] blitherin’ their drool;
Nor was it any Crowdie of the Shee,[5]
Or Itt, or Himm, nor wail of Barryhoo[6]
For Barrywhich that stilled the tongue of me.
’Twas but my own heart cryin’ out for you
Magraw![7] Bulleen, shinnanigan, Boru,
Aroon, Machree, Aboo![8]

ELEGY
The jackals prowl, the serpents hiss
In what was once Persepolis.
Proud Babylon is but a trace
Upon the desert’s dusty face.
The topless towers of Ilium
Are ashes. Judah’s harp is dumb.
The fleets of Nineveh and Tyre
Are down with Davy Jones, Esquire
And all the oligarchies, kings,
And potentates that ruled these things
Are gone! But cheer up; don’t be sad;
Think what a lovely time they had!

Oliver Herford, born in England but living most of his life in

America, has without doubt the most humorous soul in the world.
His art, which is pictorial as well as literary, is unique and of an
intangible, indescribable nature.
 As graceful of fancy as Spenser, as truly funny as Sir William
Gilbert, he also possesses a deep philosophy and a perfect
technique.
PHYLLIS LEE
Beside a Primrose ’broider’d Rill
Sat Phyllis Lee in Silken Dress
Whilst Lucius limn’d with loving skill
Her likeness, as a Shepherdess.
Yet tho’ he strove with loving skill
His Brush refused to work his Will.

“Dear Maid, unless you close your Eyes

I cannot paint to-day,” he said;
“Their Brightness shames the very Skies
And turns their Turquoise into Lead.”
Quoth Phyllis, then, “To save the Skies
And speed your Brush, I’ll shut my Eyes.”

Now when her Eyes were closed, the Dear,

Not dreaming of such Treachery,
Felt a Soft Whisper in her Ear,
“Without the Light, how can one See?”
“If you are sure that none can see
I’ll keep them shut,” said Phyllis Lee.

SOME GEESE
Ev-er-y child who has the use
Of his sen-ses knows a goose.
See them un-der-neath the tree
Gath-er round the goose-girl’s knee,
While she reads them by the hour
From the works of Scho-pen-hau-er.

How pa-tient-ly the geese at-tend!

But do they re-al-ly com-pre-hend
What Scho-pen-hau-er’s driv-ing at?
Oh, not at all; but what of that?
Nei-ther do I; nei-ther does she;
And, for that mat-ter, nor does he.

THE CHIMPANZEE
Children, behold the Chimpanzee:
He sits on the ancestral tree
From which we sprang in ages gone.
I’m glad we sprang: had we held on,
We might, for aught that I can say,
Be horrid Chimpanzees to-day.

THE HEN
Alas! my Child, where is the Pen
That can do Justice to the Hen?
Like Royalty, She goes her way,
Laying foundations every day,
Though not for Public Buildings, yet
For Custard, Cake and Omelette.

Or if too Old for such a use

They have their Fling at some Abuse,
As when to Censure Plays Unfit
Upon the Stage they make a Hit,
Or at elections Seal the Fate
Of an Obnoxious Candidate.
No wonder, Child, we prize the Hen,
Whose Egg is Mightier than the Pen.

MARK TWAIN: A PIPE DREAM

Well I recall how first I met
Mark Twain—an infant barely three
Rolling a tiny cigarette
While cooing on his nurse’s knee.

Since then in every sort of place

I’ve met with Mark and heard him joke,
Yet how can I describe his face?
I never saw it for the smoke.

At school he won a smokership,

At Harvard College (Cambridge, Mass.)
His name was soon on every lip,
They made him “smoker” of his class.

Who will forget his smoking bout

With Mount Vesuvius—our cheers—
When Mount Vesuvius went out
 And didn’t smoke again for years?

The news was flashed to England’s King,

Who begged Mark Twain to come and stay,
Offered him dukedoms—anything
To smoke the London fog away.

But Mark was firm. “I bow,” said he,

“To no imperial command,
No ducal coronet for me,
My smoke is for my native land!”

For Mark there waits a brighter crown!

When Peter comes his card to read—
He’ll take the sign “No Smoking” down,
—Then Heaven will be Heaven indeed.

GOLD
Some take their gold
In minted mold,
And some in harps hereafter,
But give me mine
In tresses fine,
And keep the change in laughter!

AFTER HERRICK
SONG
Gather Kittens while you may,
Time brings only Sorrow;
And the Kittens of To-day
Will be Old Cats To-morrow.

THE PRODIGAL EGG

An egg of humble sphere
By vain ambition stung,
Once left his mother dear
When he was very young.

’Tis needless to dilate

Upon a tale so sad;
The egg, I grieve to state,
Grew very, very bad.
At last when old and blue,
He wandered home, and then
They gently broke it to
The loving mother hen.

She only said, in fun,

“I fear you’re spoiled, my son!”

Frank Gelett Burgess, one time editor of The Lark, a short-lived

humorous periodical, is at his best in the realms of sheer nonsense.
His Purple Cow has a nation-wide reputation and his humorous
excursions into the French Forms are always marked by exact
precision as to rule and law.
THE PURPLE COW
I never saw a Purple Cow,
I never hope to see one;
But I can tell you, anyhow,
I’d rather see than be one.

THE INVISIBLE BRIDGE

I’d Never Dare to Walk across
A Bridge I Could Not See;
For Quite afraid of Falling off,
I fear that I Should Be!

VILLANELLE OF THINGS AMUSING

These are the things that make me laugh—
Life’s a preposterous farce, say I!
And I’ve missed of too many jokes by half.

The high-heeled antics of colt and calf,

The men who think they can act, and try—
These are the things that make me laugh.

The hard-boiled poses in photograph,

The groom still wearing his wedding tie—
And I’ve missed of too many jokes by half!

These are the bubbles I gayly quaff

With the rank conceit of the new-born fly—
These are the things that make me laugh!
For, Heaven help me! I needs must chaff,
And people will tickle me till I die—
And I’ve missed of too many jokes by half!

So write me down in my epitaph

As one too fond of his health to cry—
These are the things that make me laugh,
And I’ve missed of too many jokes by half!

PSYCHOLOPHON
Supposed to be Translated from the Old Parsee

Twine then the rays

Round her soft Theban tissues!
All will be as She says,
When that dead past reissues.
Matters not what nor where,
Hark, to the moon’s dim cluster!
How was her heavy hair
Lithe as a feather duster!
Matters not when nor whence;
Flittertigibbet!
Sounds make the song, not sense,
Thus I inhibit!

Carolyn Wells has written much humorous verse and prose. Her
work has appeared in many of the periodicals and in book form.
THE IDIOT’S DELIGHT
A curious man of the human clan
Is a man who fools himself;
Who thinks he can swing the Pierian spring
Through a conduit of books on a shelf!
Who thinks if he pores in the old bookstores
And browses among the rares,
He is fit to belong to the scholarly throng
And gives himself scholarly airs.

He gasps as he speaks of his worn antiques—

With emotion almost dumb!
Or he solemnly turns his Kilmarnock Burns
With an awed and reverent thumb;
He’ll scrimp to possess a Kelmscott Press,
 And hoard up his hard-earned wage
Till he saves the cost of a Paradise Lost
With the right sort of title page.

If he has on his shelves some dumpy twelves,

Of which he’s a connoisseur,
The bibliophile, with a fatuous smile,
Believes he’s a littérateur!
Because he achieves incunabula leaves,
On himself as a scholar he’ll look;
Though I’m ready to bet no scholar I’ve met
Has ever collected a book!

The difference, you see, in the viewpoint must be,

And it is a distinction nice;
A scholar will look at the worth of a book,
A collector will think of its price.
He nearly bursts with pride in his firsts;
And you can’t get it into his dome
That he cannot affect his intellect
By buying a tattered tome!

A collector may have matter gray,

He may have wisdom, too;
As he may have a head of a carroty red
Or eyes of a chicory blue.
But he has these things by the grace of God;
Especially his good looks;
By Nature’s laws, and not because
The things he collects are books!

And so I maintain there is no brain,

No genius or talent or mind,
Required to look for a certain book,
Or to struggle that book to find.
No collector reads his precious screeds,
He appraises his books by sight;
And I make claim that the blooming game
Is the idiot’s delight!

THE MYSTERY
I can understand politics, civics and law,
Of national issues I have no great awe;
The theories of Einstein are simple to me,
And psychoanalysis mere A. B. C.
But there is one thing I can’t get in my head—
Why do people marry the people they wed?

I can do mathematics, no matter how high;

And to me fourth dimension is easy as pie;
Most intricate problems I readily solve,
And I know why the nebular spirals revolve.
But on this baffling question no light has been shed;
Why do people marry the people they wed?

Long hours over Nietzsche I frequently spend,

I’ve all his philosophy at my tongue’s end.
Of Freudian conclusions I haven’t a doubt.
I’ve got human complexes all straightened out.
But on this deep problem I muse in my bed—
Why do people marry the people they wed?

I’ve studied up ancient religions and cults,

I’ve tried spiritism with curious results;
I know the Piltdown and Neanderthal man,
How big is Betelgeuse and how old is Ann;
But this I shall wonder about till I’m dead—
Why do people marry the people they wed?

WOMAN
Women are dear and women are queer
Men call them, with a laugh,
The female of the species,
Or a husband’s better half.
They sing their praise in many ways,
They flatter them—but, oh,
How little they know of Woman
Who only women know!

Now women are pert and women will flirt,

And they’re catty and rude and vain;
And sometimes they’re witty and sometimes they’re pretty—
And sometimes they’re awfully plain.
But Woman is rare beyond compare,
The poets tell us so;
How little they know of Woman
 Who only women know!

Women are petty and women are fretty,

They try to hide their years;
They steadily nag and nervously rag,
And frequently burst into tears.
But Woman is gracious, serene and calm,
Above all tricks or arts,
Her sympathy’s like a soothing balm
To sad and sorrowing hearts.

Women are very perverse and contrary,

They will contradict you flat;
Oh, women I’ll call the devil and all,
There’s no denying that!
But Woman, oh, men, is beyond our ken,
Too angelic for mortals below;
How little they know of Woman
Who only women know!

A SYMPOSIUM OF POETS
Once upon a time a few of the greatest Poets of all ages gathered
together for the purpose of discussing the merits of the Classic
Poem:
Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eater,
Had a wife and couldn’t keep her,
Put her in a Pumpkin shell,
And there he kept her very well.

In many ways this historic narrative called forth admiration. One

must admit Peter’s great strength of character, his power of quick
decision, and immediate achievement. Some hold that his inability to
retain the lady’s affection in the first place, argues a defect in his
nature; but remembering the lady’s youth and beauty (implied by the
spirit of the whole poem), we can only reiterate our appreciation of
the way he conquered circumstances, and proved himself master of
his fate, and captain of his soul! Truly, the Pumpkin-Eaters must
have been a forceful race, able to defend their rights and rule their
people.
 The Poets at their symposium unanimously felt that the style of
the poem, though hardly to be called crude, was a little bare, and
they took up with pleasure the somewhat arduous task of rewriting it.
Mr. Ed. Poe opined that there was lack of atmosphere, and that
the facts of the narrative called for a more impressive setting. He
therefore offered:
The skies, they were ashen and sober,
The lady was shivering with fear;
Her shoulders were shud’ring with fear.
On a dark night in dismal October,
Of his most Matrimonial Year.
It was hard by the cornfield of Auber,
In the musty Mud Meadows of Weir,
Down by the dank frog-pond of Auber,
In the ghoul-haunted cornfield of Weir.

Now, his wife had a temper Satanic,

And when Peter roamed here with his Soul,
Through the corn with his conjugal Soul,
He spied a huge pumpkin Titanic,
And he popped her right in through a hole.
Then solemnly sealed up the hole.

And thus Peter Peter has kept her

Immured in Mausoleum gloom,
A moist, humid, damp sort of gloom.
And though there’s no doubt he bewept her,
She is still in her yellow hued tomb,
Her unhallowed, Hallowe’en tomb
And ever since Peter side-stepped her,
He calls her his lost Lulalume,
His Pumpkin-entombed Lulalume.

This was received with acclaim, but many objected to the

mortuary theory.
 Mrs. Robert Browning was sure that Peter’s love for his wife,
though perhaps that of a primitive man, was of the true Portuguese
stamp, and with this view composed the following pleasing Sonnet:
How do I keep thee? Let me count the ways.
I bar up every breadth and depth and height
My hands can reach, while feeling out of sight
For bolts that stick and hasps that will not raise.
I keep thee from the public’s idle gaze,
I keep thee in, by sun or candle light.
I keep thee, rude, as women strive for Right.
I keep thee boldly, as they seek for praise,
I keep thee with more effort than I’d use
To keep a dry-goods shop or big hotel.
I keep thee with a power I seemed to lose
With that last cook. I’ll keep thee down the well,
Or up the chimney-place! Or if I choose,
I shall but keep thee in a Pumpkin shell.

This was of course meritorious, though somewhat suggestive of

the cave-men, who, we have never been told, were Pumpkin Eaters.
Austin Dobson’s version was really more ladylike:
BALLADE OF A PUMPKIN
Golden-skinned, delicate, bright,
Wondrous of texture and hue,
Bathed in a soft, sunny light,
Pearled with a silvery dew.
Fair as a flower to the view,
Ripened by summer’s soft heat,
Basking beneath Heaven’s blue,—
This is the Pumpkin of Pete.

Peter consumed day and night,

Pumpkin in pie or in stew;
Hinted to Cook that she might
Can it for winter use, too.
Pumpkin croquettes, not a few,
Peter would happily eat;
Knowing content would ensue,—
This is the Pumpkin of Pete.
Everything went along right,
Just as all things ought to do;
Till Peter,—unfortunate wight,—
Married a girl that he knew,
Each day he had to pursue,
His runaway Bride down the street,—
So her into prison he threw,—
This is the Pumpkin of Pete.

L’envoi
Lady, a sad lot, ’tis true,
Staying your wandering feet;
But ’tis the best place for you,—
This is the Pumpkin of Pete.

Like the other women present Dinah Craik felt the pathos of the
situation, and gave vent to her feelings in this tender burst of song:
Could I come back to you Peter, Peter,
From this old pumpkin that I hate;
I would be so tender, so loving, Peter,—
Peter, Peter, gracious and great.

You were not half worthy of me, Peter,

Not half worthy the like of I;
Now all men beside are not in it, Peter,—
Peter, Peter, I feel like a pie.

Stretch out your hand to me, Peter, Peter,

Let me out of this Pumpkin, do;
Peter, my beautiful Pumpkin Eater,
Peter, Peter, tender and true.

Mr. Hogg took his own graceful view of the matter, thus:
Lady of wandering,
Blithesome, meandering,
Sweet was thy flitting o’er moorland and lea;
Emblem of restlessness,
Blest be thy dwelling place,
Oh, to abide in the Pumpkin with thee.

Peter, though bland and good,

 Never thee understood,
Or he had known how thy nature was free;
Goddess of fickleness,
Blest be thy dwelling place,
Oh, to abide in the Pumpkin with thee.

Mr. Kipling grasped at the occasion for a ballad in his best vein.
The plot of the story aroused his old time enthusiasm, and he
transplanted the pumpkin eater and his wife to the scenes of his
earlier powers:
In a great big Mammoth pumpkin
Lookin’ eastward to the sea,
There’s a wife of mine a-settin’
And I know she’s mad at me.
For I hear her calling, “Peter!”
With a wild hysteric shout;
“Come you back, you Punkin Eater,—
Come you back and let me out!”
For she’s in a punkin shell,
I have locked her in her cell;
But it really is a comfy, well-constructed punkin shell;
And there she’ll have to dwell,
For she didn’t treat me well,
So I put her in the punkin and I’ve kept her very well.

Algernon Swinburne was also in one of his early moods, and as a

result he wove the story into this exquisite fabric of words:
IN THE PUMPKIN
Leave go my hands. Let me catch breath and see,
What is this confine either side of me?
Green pumpkin vines about me coil and crawl,
Seen sidelong, like a ’possum in a tree,—
Ah me, ah me, that pumpkins are so small!

Oh, my fair love, I charge thee, let me out;

From this gold lush encircling me about;
I turn and only meet a pumpkin wall.
The crescent moon shines slim,—but I am stout,—
Ah me, ah me, that pumpkins are so small!
Pumpkin seeds like cold sea blooms bring me dreams;
Ah, Pete,—too sweet to me,—my Pete, it seems
Love like a Pumpkin holds me in its thrall;
And overhead a writhen shadow gleams,—
Ah me, ah me, that pumpkins are so small!

This intense poesy thrilled the heavens, and it was with a sense of
relief to their throbbing souls that they listened to Mr. Bret Harte’s
contribution:
Which I wish to remark,
That the lady was plain;
And for ways that are dark
And for tricks that are vain,
She had predilections peculiar,
And drove Peter nearly insane.

Far off, anywhere,

She wandered each day;
And though Peter would swear,
The lady would stray;
And whenever he thought he had got her,
She was sure to be rambling away.

Said Peter, “My Wife,

Hereafter you dwell
For the rest of your life
In a big Pumpkin Shell.”
He popped her in one that was handy,
And since then he’s kept her quite well.

Which is why I remark,

Though the lady was plain,
For ways that are dark
And tricks that are vain,
A husband is very peculiar,
And the same I am free to maintain.

Oscar Wilde in a poetic fervour and a lily-like kimono, recited with

tremulous intensity this masterpiece of his own:
Oh, Peter! Pumpkin-fed and proud,
Ah me! ah me!
 (Sweet squashes, mother!)
Thy woe knells like a stricken cloud;
(Ah me; ah me!
Hurroo, Hurree!)

Lo! vanisht like an anguisht wraith;

Ah me! ah me!
(Sweet squashes, mother!)
Wan hope a dolorous Musing saith;
(Ah me; ah me!
Dum diddle dee!)

Hist! dare we soar? The Pumpkin shell

Ah me! ah me!
(Sweet squashes, mother!)
(Fast and forever! Sooth, ’tis well.
(Ah me; ah me!
Faloodle dee!)

There was little to be said after this, so the meeting was closed
with a solo by Lady Arthur Hill, using with a truly touching touch:
In the pumpkin, oh, my darling,
Think not bitterly of me;
Though I went away in silence,
Though I couldn’t set you free.
For my heart was filled with longing,
For another piece of pie;
It was best to leave you there, dear,
Best for you and best for I.

Two of our most gentle and kindly humorists may not be quoted,
because it would be a crime to separate their text and pictures.
Peter Newell and J. G. Francis have drawn some of the most
delicately witty pictures and have written quatrains or Limericks to
accompany them, but picture and text must be shown together, if at
all.
For the same reason our cartoonists may not be touched upon.
Nor can we include any writers whose work did not appear before
1900.
 The scope of this book is bounded by the twentieth century, and
much as we should like to present the Columnists and the more
recent versifiers, they must be left for a later chronicler.
 INDEX

About a Woman’s Promise, Unknown, 172

Abraham á Sancta Clara,
Burdensome Wife, A (from Hie! Fie!), 413
Donkey’s Voice, The (from Judas, the Arch-Rogue), 412
St. Anthony’s Sermon to the Fishes, 413
Abu Ishak,
Parody on Hafiz, 154
Academy of Syllographs, The, Count Giacomo Leopardi, 616
Acrostics, Sir John Davies, 309
Adams, John Quincy,
To Sally, 650
Addison, Joseph, 421
Will of a Virtuoso, The (from The Tatler), 422
Address to Bacchus, An, Marc-Antoine Gerard, 392
Address to the Toothache, Robert Burns, 444
Ade, George,
Cocktail, The (from The Sultan of Sulu), 722
Fable of the Caddy Who Hurt His Head While Thinking, The,
723
Adventures of Baron Münchausen, (selections), Rudolph Erich
Raspe, 589
Advice to a Friend on Marriage, Eustache Deschampes, 315
Advice to an Innkeeper, José Morell, 412
Advice to Ponticus, Johannes Audœmus, 194
Æsop’s Fables, 44
Lion, the Bear, the Monkey and the Fox, The, 44
Partial Judge, The, 45
Æsop, G. Washington. See Lanigan, George Thomas
Æstivation, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 666
After a Wedding (from Mrs. Partington), Benjamin Penhallow
Shillaber, 664
After Herrick: Song, Oliver Herford, 747
After Swimming the Hellespont, Lord Byron, 462
Against Abolishing Christianity, Jonathan Swift, 415
Agathias,
Grammar and Medicine, 76
Alarmed Skipper, The, James Thomas Fields, 668
Alcazar, Baltazar del, Sleep, 359
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 683
Alexis,
Epigrams, 69
Aly Ben Ahmed Ben Mansour,
To the Vizier Cassim Obid Allah, on the Death of One of His
Sons, 191
American humor, 643–760
Amicis, Edmondo de,
Tooth for Tooth, 623
Ammianus,
Epitaph, An, 77
Analects of Confucius, The (extracts), 156
Anaxandriades,
Epigrams, 68
Anstey, F. See Guthrie, T. A.
Anthologies, 311
Antiphanes, 66
Epigrams, 67
Apollodorus,
Epigrams, 85
Apology for Cider, Olivier Basselin, 317
Apology for Herodotus (Noodle Stories from), Henry Stephens
(Henri Estienn), 215
Apuleius,
Metamorphose, or The Golden Ass (extracts), 112
Arabian humor, 33, 126–138, 208
Arabian Nights’ Entertainment, The, 33, 126
Bakbarah’s Visit to the Harem, 132
Husband and the Parrot, The, 131
Ignorant Man Who Set Up for a Schoolmaster, The, 129
Simpleton and the Sharper, The, 127
Thief Turned Merchant and the Other Thief, The, 128
Arabian Riddle, 35