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Workbook for

Sectional Anatomy for

Imaging Professionals
This page intentionally left blank
Workbook for

Sectional Anatomy for

Imaging Professionals
Third Edition

Lorrie L. Kelley, MS, RT(R)(MR)(CT)

Associate Professor, CT/MRI Program Director
Boise State University
Boise, Idaho

Connie M. Petersen, MS, RT(R)(CT)

Adjunct Instructor, Radiologic Sciences Program
Boise State University
Boise, Idaho
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043

WORKBOOK FOR SECTIONAL ANATOMY FOR ISBN: 978-0-323-09419-1

IMAGING PROFESSIONALS, THIRD EDITION

Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2007, 1997 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about
the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such
information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including
parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
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and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume
any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.

ISBN: 978-0-323-09419-1

Content Strategy Director: Jeanne Olson

Associate Content Development Specialist: Amy Whitter
Publishing Services Manager: Hemamalini Rajendrababu
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Designer: Paula Catalano

Printed in United States of America

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 To James,

Min beste venn og evig ledsager,

jeg smiler hver dag på grunn av deg. You are my favorite.
And to Kristina, Matthew, Jennifer, John, Michael, Natalie, Angela,
and Jamers, my greatest treasures, who bless me with their laughter, encourage me
with their unconditional patience and love, and teach me by their selfless examples.
And to my parents, Bill and Darhl Buchanan, for teaching me the value of hard work and for
sharing their wisdom and encouragement in ways that strengthen and inspire me.

LLK

To my amazing husband, Grant, for his constant support and unceasing

faith in me. I love the way I am seen through your eyes.
And to Brady and Trinity, my shining stars who amaze me with their brilliance
every day and remind me of all that is truly important in life.
To my parents, Carl and Ellen Collins, whom I love and admire, thank you for
giving me an endless abundance of strength, love, and encouragement.

CMP
This page intentionally left blank
 Preface
This workbook is designed to complement the third in-the-table exercises. All chapters in this workbook
edition of Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professionals correspond with those from the text.
and is intended to assist and challenge students in The most effective way to use this workbook is to read
reviewing the sectional anatomy and concepts presented the chapters in the textbook and then complete the review
in the textbook. It offers a variety of practice items, exercises contained herein.
including anatomy identification, short answer, multiple Lorrie L. Kelley
choice, true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and fill- Connie M. Petersen

vii
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.    Preface
This page intentionally left blank
 Contents

1 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy, 1

2 Cranium and Facial Bones, 5
3 Brain, 27
4 Spine, 53
5 Neck, 73
6 Thorax, 91
7 Abdomen, 111
8 Pelvis, 127
9 Upper Extremity, 145
10 Lower Extremity, 165
Answers, 185

ix
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.   Contents
This page intentionally left blank
 1 Introduction to Sectional Anatomy

OBJECTIVES

1. Define the four anatomic planes.

2. Describe the relative position of specific structures
within the body using directional and regional
terminology.
3. Identify commonly used external landmarks.
4. Identify the location of commonly used internal
landmarks.
5. Describe the dorsal and ventral cavities of the body.
6. List the four abdominal quadrants.
7. List the nine regions of the abdomen.
8. Describe the gray scale used in CT and MR imaging.
9. Describe multiplanar reformation, curved planar
reformation, shaded surface display, maximum
intensity projection, and volume rendering.

1
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1  Introduction to Sectional Anatomy
After reading Chapter 1, see if you can complete the 14. Ipsilateral n. Toward the
following problems. midsagittal plane
15. Contralateral o. Farther into the
MATCHING body and away from
the body surface
Directional Terminology
Match each directional term to its correct description. 16. Thenar p. Toward the nose
17. Volar q. Toward a reference
1. Superior a. On the same side point or source
within the body
2. Inferior b. Near the body
surface 18. Palmar r. Toward the feet
3. Anterior/ventral c. Toward the head 19. Plantar  s. The front or palm
of the hand
4. Posterior/dorsal d. Above; at a higher
level
Regional Terminology
5. Medial e. Toward the front
Match the region to its correct location.
of the body
6. Lateral f. Away from the 1. Abdominal a. Back of the knee
midsagittal plane
2. Axillary b. Head
7. Proximal g. The sole of the foot
3. Calf c. Posterior surface
8. Distal h. On the opposite side of elbow area of
9. Superficial   i. The fleshy part of the arm
the hand at the base 4. Cephalic d. Upper chest or
of the thumb breast
10. Deep   j. Pertaining to the 5. Cubital e. Abdomen
palm of the hand or
flexor surface of 6. Gluteal  f. Lower posterior
wrist or sole of foot portion of the leg

11. Cranial/cephalic k. Below; at a lower 7. Mammary g. Spine

level 8. Pelvic h. Sternum
12. Caudal   l. Toward the back 9. Popliteal   i. Pelvis
of the body
10. Sternal   j. Buttock
13. Rostral m. Away from a
reference point 11. Thoracic k. Chest
or source within 12. Vertebral l. Armpit
the body

2
Chapter 1  Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FILL IN THE TABLE

Fill in the blanks in the following table.

Internal Landmarks

Landmark Location

2.5 cm below jugular notch

Aortic bifurcation L4-L5

T4-T5, sternal angle

Carotid bifurcation

Celiac trunk 4 cm above transpyloric plane

Suprasellar cistern

Common iliac vein bifurcation

T12 to L1, L2

Heart: apex fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line

Heart: base Level of second and third costal cartilages behind sternum

4 cm above bifurcation of abdominal aorta

Portal vein

Anterior to L1, inferior to superior mesenteric artery

Superior mesenteric artery

Thyroid cartilage

Midway between superior and inferior border of thyroid

cartilage

3
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1  Introduction to Sectional Anatomy
SHORT ANSWER 6. What do CT numbers greater than zero represent?
1. List and describe the four anatomic planes.

7. What does the gray scale represent in MR?

2. State the two main body cavities and describe their
divisions.

8. Describe maximum intensity projection.

3. List three organs found in the right upper quadrant

(RUQ).
9. Describe volume rendering.

4. List six of the nine regions of the abdomen.

10. List the four planes that divide the abdomen into
nine regions.

5. Describe what the Hounsfield unit (HU) represents

in CT.

4
Chapter 1  Introduction to Sectional Anatomy Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
 2 Cranium and Facial Bones

OBJECTIVES

1. Define the three cranial fossae.

2. Identify the location and unique structures of each
cranial and facial bone.
3. Identify the structures of the middle and inner ear,
and describe their functions.
4. Identify the cranial sutures.
5. Describe the six fontanels within the infant
cranium.
6. Describe the structures that comprise the
temporomandibular joint.
7. Identify the location of each paranasal sinus and the
meatus into which it drains.
8. Identify the structures of the osteomeatal unit.
9. Identify the bones that form the orbit and their
associated openings.
10. Describe the structures that comprise the globe of
the eye.
11. List the muscles of the eye, and describe their
functions and locations.

5
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2  Cranium and Facial Bones
After reading Chapter 2, see if you can complete the FILL IN THE BLANKS
following problems.
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences.

MATCHING 1. Located within the basilar turn of the cochlea is the

Match each cranial bone to its corresponding feature. .

1. Parietal a. Foramen ovale 2. The is located at

the junction of the brainstem and spinal cord.
2. Occipital b. Carotid canal
3. The basilar portion of the occipital bone is termed
3. Frontal c. Orbital plate
the .
4. Temporal d. Clivus
4. The zygomatic process extends from the
5. Sphenoid e. Cribriform plate bone.
6. Ethmoid f. Sides of the cranium 5. The bone is shaped
like a butterfly and extends across the entire floor of
the middle cranial fossa.
TRUE/FALSE
6. Located on the lateral surface of the ramus is the
Circle either True or False for each of the following
statements. muscle, which elevates
the mandible.
True/False 1. The largest immovable facial 7. The forms the
bone is the mandible. inferior portion of the bony nasal septum.
True/False 2. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
is formed by the condyloid process, 8. The creates the
the mandible, and the mandibular anterior boundary of the temporomandibular joint,
fossa of the temporal bone. preventing forward displacement of the mandibular
True/False 3. The maxillary sinuses drain into the condyle.
inferior nasal meatus.
True/False 4. There is typically only one 9. The ethmoid notch of the frontal bone articulates
sphenoid sinus. with the of the ethmoid
True/False 5. The ethmoid bulla is part of the bone.
osteomeatal complex.
True/False 6. The inner ear is normally fluid 10. The anterior portion of the sella turcica is termed
filled.
the .
True/False 7. The vestibule is a structure of the
inner ear that controls hearing. 11. One of the largest of the ethmoid air cells (ethmoid
True/False 8. The temporal bone forms part of the
bony orbit. sinuses) is the .
True/False 9. The lacrimal gland is located in the 12. The greater wings of the sphenoid bone contain
inferior medial portion of the orbit.
True/False 10. A function of the oblique muscle three paired foramina termed the ,
group is to rotate the eyeball.
, and .
13. The articular disk of the TMJ is attached to the
medial and lateral surface of the mandibular condyle
by the .

6
Chapter 2  Cranium and Facial Bones Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FILL IN THE TABLE (see Table 2.3)

Fill in the blanks in the following tables.

Paranasal Sinus Drainage Location

Sinus Drainage Location

Ethmoid: anterior Middle nasal meatus

Ethmoid: posterior

Maxillary Middle nasal meatus

Sphenoid

Frontal

7
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2  Cranium and Facial Bones
FILL IN THE TABLE (see Table 2.2)

Write in an answer next to the "x" in the following table.

Foramina and Fissures of the Skull

Bone Foramen/Fissure Major Structures Using Passageway

Frontal Supraorbital foramen (or notch) x

Frontal foramen (or notch) x

x Cribriform plate Olfactory nerve (I)

Sphenoid Foramen rotundum x

Foramen ovale Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V)
Foramen spinosum Middle meningeal artery

Pterygoid canal x

x Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Superior orbital fissure Oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV),
ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (V),
abducens nerve (VI), ophthalmic vein
With Inferior orbital fissure x
maxillary bone

Occipital Foramen magnum x

Hypoglossal canal Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Temporal x Internal carotid artery

External auditory meatus Air in canal conducts sound to tympanic
membrane

Internal auditory canal x

Stylomastoid foramen and x

facial nerve canal

 With occipital Jugular foramen Internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve (IX),
bone vagus nerve (X), and accessory nerve (XI)
 With sphenoid x Fibrocartilage, internal carotid artery as it leaves
and occipital carotid canal to enter cranium, nerve of
bones pterygoid canal, and a meningeal branch from
the ascending pharyngeal artery

Maxillary x Infraorbital nerve and maxillary branch of

trigeminal nerve (V)

Lacrimal Lacrimal groove, nasolacrimal x

with maxilla canal

Mandible Mental foramen x

8
Chapter 2  Cranium and Facial Bones Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
SHORT ANSWER 6. Describe the anterior fontanel.
1. Describe the superior orbital fissure.

7. Describe the parts of the hard palate.

2. Describe the mastoid antrum.

8. Describe the anterior and posterior compartments

of the globe of the eye and what each compartment
3. List the structures of the middle ear. contains.

4. List the structures of the inner ear, and describe their

function.

5. List the cranial bones that are joined together by the

squamous suture.

9
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2  Cranium and Facial Bones
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