Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

DESIGN OF PILE CAP FOR THREE (03) PILE

A column of size 300 x 800 mm subjected to a factored load of 4100 KN. The ultimate pile capacity
of each individual friction pile is 1700 KN. Where the diameter for pile is 450 mm. Materials to
be used as M30 and Fe 500. Design and detail suitable pile cap.

Step-01: Determination Pile Cap Dimensions (As per IS 2911)

Column Size, b x D = 300 x 800 mm……………………………………………………….………(Given)

Factored Load, Pu = 4100 KN ………………………………………………….…………….……(Given)

Capacity of each individual pile = 1700 KN…………………………………………………...…(Given)

Diameter of pile, Dp = 450 mm……………………………………………………...……..………(Given)

Materials: M30 and Fe 500…………………………………………………………...…………..…(Given)

4100
Number of pile required, N = = 2.41 ≅ 3 No. s
1700

C-C distance between pile (IS 2911, Page. 04, Cl. 6.6.1,), Lc-c = 3 x Dp = 3 x 450 = 1350 mm

Clear Edge distance (IS 2911, Page. 06, Cl. 6.12.5) = 200 mm

Dp 450
Effective Edge distance (IS 2911, Cl. 6.12.5), = 200 + = 200 + = 425 mm
2 2

4100
Reaction at each pile, R = = 1366.67 KN
3
490.7
4 mm
P1

300
425

Perpendicular 200
800

Φ 450
Direction
538.9

1350

Parallel P2 P3
Direction
2200

Fig.(a) Direction Consideration Fig. (b) In-Plan Dimensions of Pile Cap

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

STEP-02 TRIAL DEPTH OF PILE CAP

As per the Varghese* empirical expression the thickness of the pile cap will be as a function of pile
diameter i.e.

1. Dpile−cap = 2 Dp + 100 …………………………. When Dp is less than 550 mm

2. Dpile−cap = (1/3) (8Dp + 600) ………………. When Dp is equal to or greater than 550 mm

Note: The depth of the pile cap usually should not be less than of 600 mm.

As in proposed example, the diameter of the pile is 450 mm, hence the empirical formula number
1 is needed to adopt for finding trial depth.

Dpile−cap = 2 Dp + 100 = 2 x 450 + 100 = 1000 mm

Now adopting trail depth as, Dpile−cap = 1000 mm

Assuming clear cover as 60 mm and diameter of bar as 20 mm.

Effective depth of pile cap, deff = D − Clear cover − ∅/2 = 1000 − 60 − 20/2 = 930 mm

STEP-03 DESING FOR FLEXURE

(a) Bottom reinforcement along parallel edge

L𝑐−𝑐 Bcolumn 1.35 0.3

Mu = R x [ − ] = 1366.67 x [ − ] = 717.5 KN − m
2 2 2 2

b = 1000 mm, dcap = 930 mm, Fck = 30 MPa, Fy = 500 MPa

0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu

Ast = [1 − √1 − ⁄ f x b x d2 ] x b x d
fy ck

0.5 x 30 6
Ast = [1 − √1 − 4.6 x 717.5 x 10 ⁄30 x 1000 x 9302 ] x 1000 x 930 = 1834.27 mm2
500

Ast = 1834.79 mm2 (Design Requirement)

Ast-min = 0.12 % x b x D = 0.12 % x 1000 x 1000 = 1200 mm2 (Minimum Requirement)

Providing T20 mm, Unit area of bar = 314.16 mm2

Spacing required over width,

314.16
Sreq = x 1000 = 171.22 mm
1834.79

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

Hence provide the spacing as 150 mm c/c

Provide T20 @ 150 mm c/c along parallel edge.

Area of steel provided, Ast = (314.16/150) x 1000 = 2094.40 mm2 P1

Ast 2094.40
Pt = = x 100 = 0.225 %
b x d cap 1000 x 930

(b) Bottom reinforcement along perpendicular edge

H
Lcc 1.35
Total Height, H = (tan 60) = (tan 60) = 1.1691 m
2 2 P2 P3
60°
Distance of centre of pile P1 from column centre, 30°

Lcc 1.35
= (tan 60 − tan 30) = (tan 60 − tan 30) = 0.7794 m Lcc
2 2

Distance of centre of pile P2 or P3 from column centre, = 1.1601 − 0.7794 = 0.3897 m

𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 0.8
Note: 1. Centre of pile P2 or P3 from the column centre (0.3897 m)is within = = 0.4 𝑚
2 2

2. In reference of Note-01, moment due to reaction at pile P2 and P3 is not applicable.

𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 0.8
Mu = 1366.67 x (0.7794 − ) = 1366.67 x (0.7794 − ) = 518.51 KN − m
2 2

b = 1000 mm, d cap = 930 mm, Fck = 30 MPa, Fy = 500 MPa

0.5 x fck 4.6 Mu

Ast = [1 − √1 − ⁄ f x b x d2 ] x b x d
fy ck

0.5 x 30 6
Ast = [1 − √1 − 4.6 x 518.51 x 10 ⁄30 x 1000 x 9302 ] x 1000 x 930 = 1313.24 mm2
500

Ast = 1313.33 mm2 (Design Requirement)

Ast-min = 0.12 % x b x D = 0.12 % x 1000 x 1000 = 1200 mm2 (Minimum Requirement)

Providing T20 mm, Unit area of bar = 314.16 mm2

Spacing required over width,

314.16
Sreq = x 1000 = 239.22 mm
1313.24

Hence provide the spacing as 225 mm c/c

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

Provide T20 @ 225 mm c/c along perpendicular edge.

Area of steel provided, Ast = (314.16/225) x 1000 = 1396.26 mm2

Ast 1396.26
Pt = = x 100 = 0.150 %
b x d cap 1000 x 930

(c) Top reinforcement along both direction (Parallel and Longitudinal Direction)

There is no tensile force or hogging moment, hence minimum percentage of reinforcement is

needed to provide.

Ast-min = 0.06 % x b x D = 0.06 % x 1000 x 1000 = 600 mm2

Providing T12 mm, Unit area of bar = 113.09 mm2

Spacing required over length,

113.09
Sreq = x 1000 = 188.48 mm
600

Therefore, T12 @ 175 mm c/c along both directions.

Area of steel provided, Ast = (113.09/175) x 1000 = 646.228 mm2

Ast 646.228
Pt = = x 100 = 0.069 %
b x dcap 1000 x 930

SUMMARY FOR FLEXURAL DESIGN

Sr. No. Location Direction Reinforcement Percentage (%)

Along Parallel Direction T20 @ 150 mm 0.225
1 Bottom
Along Perpendicular Direction T20 @ 225 mm 0.150
Along Parallel Direction T12 @ 175 mm 0.069
2 Top
Along Perpendicular Direction T12 @ 175 mm 0.069

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

STEP-04 DESING CHECKS FOR SHEARS

(a) Check for punching shear around column

Considering critical section at a distance of d/2 from column face.

P1

300

1730 mm
800
465

465
P2 P3

1230 mm

Fig. (c) Punching Shear at (d/2) Around Column

Now as per IS 456-2000, Cl.34.2.4.2, Pg. No. 65 and by following Fig.(a)

Pile Number Reaction % To be considered Shear Reaction

P1 1366.67 30.98 423.393
P2 1366.67 63.33 865.510
P3 1366.67 63.33 865.510

Total Factored shear force around column,

Vu = P1 + P2 + P3 = 423.393 + 865.510 + 865.510 = 2154.413 KN

Total perimeter length of shear area, = (dcap + B column ) x 2 + (dcap + D column ) x 2

= (930 + 300) x 2 + (930 + 800) x 2 = 5920 mm

2
Effective perimeter length of shear area, b′ = x 5920 = 3946.66 mm
3
Vu 2154.413 x 103
Nominal shear at critical section, Tv = ′ = = 0.5869 MPa
b xd 3946.66 x 930

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

IS 456-2000, Pg. 58, Cl.31.6.3,

Shear at critical section = Tc x Ks

Ks = 0.5 +βc where βc = shorter side of column / Longer side of column

Therefore, βc = 300/800 = 0.375 Therefore, Ks = 0.5 +0.375 = 0.875 < 1……..…...Hence ok.

Tc = Ks x 0.25√fck = 0.875 x 0.25 x √30 = 1.198 MPa

Tv 0.5869
Punching shear ratio, = = = 0.4898 < 1
Tc 1.198
Hence the provided depth is safe in punching shear around column.

(b) Check for punching shear around pile

P1

300
800

465 465

P2 P3

Fig. (d) Punching Shear at (d/2) Around Pile

dcap dcap
Over all perimeter length around pile b’ = π x ( + Dpile + )
2 2

930 930
Perimeter length around pile, b’ = 3.1416 x ( + 450 + ) = 4335.408 mm
2 2

Effective perimeter length, b effective = 0.25 x 4335.408 = 1083.85 mm

Punching shear section around the pile at d/2 from pile face,

Factored Shear force, Vu = 1366.67 KN

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

Vu 1366.67 x 103
Nominal Shear at critical section, Tv = = = 1.3558 MPa
b′ x d 1083.85 x 930
IS 456-2000, Pg. 58, Cl.31.6.3

Shear at critical section = Tc x Ks

Ks = 0.5 +βc where βc = Shorter side of column/Longer side of column

Therefore, βc = 450/450 = 1.0 Therefore, Ks = 0.5 + 1.00 = 1.50 limiting to 1.0

Tc = Ks x 0.25√fck = 1.0 x 0.25 x √30 = 1.3693 MPa

Tv 1.3558
Punching shear capacity ration, = = = 0.9901 < 1
Tc 1.3693

Hence the provided depth is safe in punching shear around pile.

(C) Check for one – way shear (Along Parallel Edge)

Considering section for one way shear at a distance of d/2 from the face of the column along
parallel edge.
P1
Critical Section for
one way shear

300
465
800

1378.52

P2 P3

Fig. (e) One-Way Shear at (d/2) Along Parallel Direction

Pile Number Reaction % To be Considered Shear Reaction

P1 1366.67 30.98 423.393
P2 1366.67 63.33 865.510
P3 1366.67 63.33 865.510

Design shear force, Vu = Maximum of (Shear Reaction due to P2, P3) = 865.51 KN

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

Effective depth of pile cap, deff = 930 mm and

width of cap available at critical section, Beff = 1378.92 mm

Vu 865.51 x 103
Nominal Shear at critical section, Tv = = = 0.6749 MPa
Beff x deff 1378.52 x 930
At a proposed critical section, the available % of reinforcement is 0.225%. Therefore, as per IS 456-
2000, Table.19……………………….Tc = 0.35 MPa

As per IS 456-2000, Clause 40.5, Page. No. 74

(Lc−c − Bcolumn ) dcap (1350 − 300) 930

av = − = − = 60 mm
2 2 2 2

2 x deff 2 x 930
Shear enhancemnet factor, Sfact = = = 31.00
av 60
Now enhanced shear strength, Tc = 0.35 x Sfact = 0.35 x 31 = 10.85 MPa

Now, Tv < Tc …………. Hence safe in design.

(D) Check for one – way shear (Along Perpendicular Edge)

Considering section for one way shear at a distance of d/2 from the face of the column along
perpendicular edge. 882.68

P1

Critical Section for

465
one way shear
800

300

P2 P3

Fig. (f) One-Way Shear at (d/2) Along Perpendicular Direction

Pile Number Reaction % To be Considered Shear Reaction

P1 1366.67 30.98 423.393
P2 1366.67 63.33 865.510
P3 1366.67 63.33 865.510

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

Design shear force, Vu = 423.393 KN

Effective depth of pile cap, deff = 930 mm and

Width of cap available at critical section, B eff = 882.68 mm

Vu 423.393 x 103
Nominal Shear at critical section, Tv = = = 0.5158 MPa
Beff x deff 882.68 x 930

At a proposed critical section, the available % of reinforcement is 0.15%. Therefore, as per IS 456-
2000, Table.19………………………..Tc = 0.29 MPa
P1
As per IS 456-2000, Clause 40.5, Page. No. 74
av
Lcc
Y1 = ( ) x (tan 60 − tan30) d/2
2 Y2
Y1
1350
=( ) x (tan 60 − tan30) = 779.42 mm
2

Dcolumn 800 60°

Y2 = Y1 − = 779.42 − = 379.42 mm
2 2 30°
d 930
a𝑣 = − Y2 = − 379.42 = 85.58 mm P2 P3
2 2 Lcc

Position of critical section from centre of the pile, av = 85.58 mm

2 x deff 2 x 930
Shear enhancemnet factor, Sfact = = = 21.734
av 85.58
Now enhanced shear strength, Tc = 0.29 x Sfact = 0.29 x 21.734 = 6.30 MPa

Now, Tv < Tc …………. Hence safe in design.

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Design of Pile Cap for 3 Piles Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

STEP-05: IN-PLAN AND SECTIONAL DETAIL OF R/F FOR DESIGN RESULTS

T20@150 c/c (BOT)

T20@225 c/c (BOT)

T12@175 c/c (TOP)

Fig. (f) Pile Cap Design Detail (In-Plan View)

T20@225 c/c (BOT)

LINK

T12@175 c/c (TOP) T20@150 c/c (BOT)

40 MM 1000 MM

150 MM Φ450 MM
THK PCC PILE

Fig. (g) Pile Cap Design Detail (Sectional Elevation)

(A)

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