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John of Damascus
 Texts and Studies
in Eastern Christianity

Chief Editor

Ken Parry (Macquarie University)

Editorial Board

Alessandro Bausi (University of Hamburg) – Monica Blanchard

(Catholic University of America) – Malcolm Choat (Macquarie University)
Peter Galadza (Saint Paul University) – Victor Ghica (mf Norwegian School
of Theology, Religion and Society) – Emma Loosley (University of Exeter)
Basil Lourié (St Petersburg) – John McGuckin (Columbia
University) – Stephen Rapp (Sam Houston State University)
Dietmar W. Winkler (University of Salzburg)

volume 26

Texts and Studies in Eastern Christianity is intended to advance the field of Eastern Christian
Studies by publishing translations of ancient texts, individual monographs, thematic collections,
and translations into English of significant volumes in modern languages. It will cover the
Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic traditions from the early through
to the contemporary period. The series will make a valuable contribution to the study of Eastern
Christianity by publishing research by scholars from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds.
The different traditions that make up the world of Eastern Christianity have not always received
the attention they deserve, so this series will provide a platform for deepening our knowledge of
them as well as bringing them to a wider audience. The need for such a series has been felt for
sometime by the scholarly community in view of the increasing interest in the Christian East.

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/tsec

John of Damascus
More Than a Compiler

Edited by

Scott Ables

leiden | boston
The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at https://catalog.loc.gov
lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022050940

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill‑typeface.

issn 2213-0039
isbn 978-90-04-52642-6 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-52686-0 (e-book)

Copyright 2023 by Scott Ables. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink,
Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau, V&R unipress and Wageningen Academic.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Contents

Preface vii
List of Maps and Figures viii
Abbreviations ix
Notes on Contributors xii
Maps xv

Introduction 1
Scott Ables

part 1
The Damascene’s Sources, Life, & Context

1 The Greek Lives of St John Damascene: Common Information,

Differences, and Historical Value 17
Robert Volk

2 New Evidence for the Source of the Arabic Life of John Damascene
and the Arabic Translation of the Expositio fidei 40
Habib Ibrahim

3 The Purpose of the Anti-Manichaean Polemic of John of Damascus 65

Scott Ables

4 ‘Ὡς θεῖος ἔφη Διονύσιος’—John Damascene’s Reception and

Interpretation of the Corpus Areopagiticum 86
Vassilis Adrahtas

5 The Ordering of Knowing and the Acquisition of Knowledge

in the Expositio fidei 106
Peter Schadler

6 ‘Supposedly Encountered an Arian Monk’: John of Damascus

on the Origin of Islam 116
Najib George Awad
vi contents

7 Theology for the Public: Aspects of John of Damascus’ Theological

Discourse in His Homilies 133
Petros Tsagkaropoulos

part 2
The Damascene’s Theological Vision

8 The Understanding of the Sacraments in John of Damascus’

Theology 153
Vassa Kontouma

9 Imago Dei: The Functionality of the Divine Image in John

of Damascus 172
Brenda Mariana Méndez-Gallardo

10 The Concept of Matter in St John Damascene’s Anti-Manichaean

Theology of Creation 189
Theocharis S. Papavissarion

11 Philosophy as Both an Instrument and a Structural Principle

of Theological Discourse in John Damascene 208
Anna Zhyrkova

12 John of Damascus’ View of Universals and Particulars in Light

of the Christological Debate 223
Johannes Zachhuber

13 The Historicity of Personal Being: A Dialogue in Absentia between John

Damascene and Martin Heidegger 240
Smilen Markov

Appendix: Expositio et declaratio fidei cpg 8078: Introduction

and English Translation 255
Habib Ibrahim
Index of Modern Authors 272
Index of Names and Subjects 275
Index of Ancient Sources 278
Preface

In 2009 I contacted Vassa Kontouma after reading her 1995 article on Ps. Cyril
of Alexandria.1 Leonard Prestige had argued that Ps. Cyril was the 6th century
theologian who migrated the Christological term perichōrēsis into Trinitarian
thought, which was subsequently adopted by John of Damascus.2 However,
Kontouma argued that Ps. Cyril was not a source of John but a compilation of
John, so it was John himself who was responsible for Trinitarian perichōrēsis.3 I
met Kontouma in Paris (2010) and Oxford (2015) to discuss John. Aware of her
interest in nurturing a growing network of scholars on John, despite her long
habit of summering in Greece, in 2018 I persuaded her to participate in a work-
shop on John the following summer. Kontouma won key financial support from
Labex resmed (Religions and Societies of the Mediterranean World). Zachary
Keith, whom I met through Sidney Griffith while at Dumbarton Oaks in spring
2015, agreed to help as well. With their help the John of Damascus: More than
a Compiler workshop met at the xviii International Conference of Patristic
Studies, Oxford, 20–21 August 2019. It only remains for me to thank Ken Parry
and members of the editorial board of Brill’s Texts and Studies in Eastern Chris-
tianity for accepting this volume in the series.

Scott Ables
Portland, Oregon, USA

1 Vassa Conticello (1995) ‘Pseudo-Cyril’s De ss. Trinitate: A Compilation of Joseph the Philoso-
pher’, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 61: 117–129. Republished in Vassa Kontouma (2015): John
of Damascus: New Studies on his Life and Works (Farnham, Surrey/Burlington, VT: Ashgate).
2 G.L. Prestige (1964) God in Patristic Thought (2nd edn.; London: spck): 284, 291, 294–299.
3 Conticello (1995): 125. See also Andrew Louth’s assessment of Kontouma’s analysis, ‘her argu-
ments seem to me absolutely compelling’ in Andrew Louth (2002) St. John Damascene: Tra-
dition and Originality in Byzantine Theology (Oxford: oup), 87.
Maps, Figures, and Tables

Maps

1 Near East after the Islamic Conquest (L) xvi

2 Near East after the Islamic Conquest (R) xvii
3 Northern Syria, Cilicia, and Cyprus xviii
4 Lebanon and southern Syria xviii
5 Egypt and Palestine xix
6 Locations of Manichaean Sites, Texts, or Polemicists 70

Figures

1 Terminology: General correspondances in chs. 81–86 (English) 159

2 Terminology: General correspondances in chs. 81–86 (Greek) 159
3 Adoption as presented in ch. 81 160
4 Adoption by grace according to ch. 82 161
5 Complements brought by ch. 83 162
6 Cross as praxis and logos according to chs. 82 and 83 164
7 Mysteria according to ch. 86 166

Tables

1 Significant Manichaean Dates 66

2 Christian Anti-Manichaean Polemic 68
3 The development of the modes of reception of the ca by the Damascene 102
Abbreviations

Works of John of Damascus

John of Damascus, eds. Bonifatius Kotter, Robert. Volk, et al., Die Schriften des
Johannes von Damaskos, 8 Vols. (pts 7; 12; 17; 22; 29; 60–66/1; 68; 74–78; Berlin:
De Gruyter, 7:1969, 12:1973, 17:1975, 22:1981, 29:1988, 60(6/1):2006, 61(6/1):2009,
68:2013, 74–77:2018, 78:2019).

Aceph. De natura composita contra acephalos. On the Composite Nature, Against

the Acephali (cpg 8051): Kotter iv [pts 22], 409–417.
Barlaam Historia animae utilis de Barlaam et Ioasaph. The Story of the Practical
Life of Barlaam and Joseph (cpg 8120): Volk vi i/ii [pts 60–61], ii:1–406.
Barb. Laudatio s. Barbarae. Praise of St Barbara (cpg 8065): Kotter v [pts 29],
256–278.
Chrys. Laudatio s. Johannis Chrysostomi (cpg 8064): Kotter v [pts 29], 359–370.
Dial. Capita philosophica (Dialectica). (cpg 8041): Kotter i [pts 7], 47–146.
Dorm. i–iii In dormitionem orationes tres (cpg 8061–8063): Kotter v [pts 29], 483–
500, 516–540, 548–555.
Expos. Expositio fidei. On the Orthodox Faith (cpg 8043): Kotter ii [pts 12], 7–239.
Ficus Homilia in ficum arefactam. Homily on the Fig-Tree (cpg 8058): Kotter v
[pts 29], 102–110.
Fides De fide contra Nestorianos. On the Faith, Against the Nestorians
(cpg 8054): Kotter iv [pts 22], 238–253.
Haeres. Liber de haeresibus. On Heresies (cpg 8044): Kotter iv [pts 22], 19–67.
Hypap. Sermo in hypapanten Domini. Homily on the Meeting of the Lord
(cpg 8066): Kotter v [pts 29], 381–395.
Ieiun. De sacris ieiuniis. On the Holy Fasts (cpg 8050): pg 95, col. 64–77.
Imag. i–iii Contra imaginum calumniatores orationes tres. Three Treatises Against
Those Who Attack the Icons (cpg 8045): Kotter iii [pts 17], 65–200. [aka
On Images, thus the abbr. Imag.]
Instit. Institutio elementaris. Elementary Introduction (cpg 8040): Kotter i
[pts 7], 19–26.
Jacob. Contra Jacobitas. Against the Jacobites (cpg 8047): Kotter iv [pts 22], 109–
153.
Manich. Contra Manichaeos. Against the Manichaeans=Dialog against the Mani-
chaeans (cpg 8048): Kotter iv [pts 22], 351–398.
Nestor. Adversos Nestorianos. Against the Nestorians (cpg 8053): Kotter iv
[pts 22], 263–288.
x abbreviations

Parall. 4–5 Sacra (spuria) (cpg 8056): Tobias Thum and José Declerck viii/4–8
[pts 74–78]. Parall. or Hiera See also, Sacra parallela. Hiera. (cpg 8056):
pg 95, col. 1040–588, 96 col. 9–442.
Paul Commentarii in epistulas Pauli. Commentary on the Epistles of Paul
(cpg 8079): Volk vii [pts 68], 21–538.
Rect. De recta sententia liber. On Right Thinking (cpg 8046): pg 94, 1421–1432.
[nb: Kotter abbreviates Sentent.]
Sabbat. Homilia in sabbatum sanctum. Homily for Holy Saturday (cpg 8059): Kot-
ter v [pts 29], 121–146.
Sarac. Disputatio Saraceni et Christiani. Dispute between a Saracen and a Chris-
tian (cpg 8075): Kotter iv [pts 22], 427–438.
Transfig. Homilia in transfigurationem domini. Homily on the Transfiguration of the
Lord (cpg 8057): Kotter v [pts 29], 436–459.
Trisag. Epistula de hymno Trisagio. Letter on the Trisagion Hymn (cpg 8049): Kot-
ter iv [pts 22], 304–332.
Volunt. De duabus in Christo voluntatibus. On the Two Wills in Christ (cpg 8052):
Kotter iv [pts 22], 173–231.

Other Abbreviations

aw Athanasius Werke
bhg Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca, 3rd ed., 3 vols., ed. François Halkin, Sub-
sidia Hagiographica 8a (Brussels: 1957)
bz Byzantinische Zeitschrift (Munich/Leipzig, 1892–)
ccsg Corpus christianorum series graeca
cpg Clavis patrum graecorum, 7 Vols. (Turnhout: Brepols, 1974–2010)
csco Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
cshb Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae (Bonn, 1828–1897)
gcs Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten [drei] Jahrhunderte
gno Gregorii Nysseni opera
jecs Journal of Early Christian Studies
jts Journal of Theological Studies
Lampe Lampe, G.W. H., Patristic Greek Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
msr Mélanges de science réligieuse
gcs nf Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte,
publ. Berlin—Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.
Neue Folge 1 (1995)
ocp Orientalia christiana periodica
oup Oxford University Press
abbreviations xi

pg Patrologia graeca. Ed. Jacques-Paul Migne. 162 vols. (Paris: 1857–1866).

pl Patrologia latina. Ed. Jacques-Paul Migne. 217 vols. (Paris: 1844–1864).
pmbz Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, Abt. 1 (641–867), 6 vols. (de
Gruyter: Berlin, 1999–2002)
pts Patristiche Texte und Studien
sc Sources chrétiennes
spb Studia patristica et byzantina (Etall: Buch-Kunstverlag)
StP Studia patristica
tu Teste und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur
tlg Thesaurus linguae graecae: A Digital Library of Greek Literature
VigChr Vigiliae christianae
ZKg Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
Notes on Contributors

Scott Ables
Lecturer, Oregon State University, DPhil (2016, Oxford, ‘The Purpose of Peri-
chōrēsis in the Polemical Works of John of Damascus’). He researches the his-
tory of Christological controversy in Late Antiquity but has interests in post-
modern constructive theology as well.

Vassilis Adrahtas
University of Western Sydney, Australia, teaches Islamic Studies. His special-
ization and research include Early Christianity, Patristics, Byzantine Philoso-
phy, Ancient Greek Religion, and Indigenous Australian Religions. His involve-
ment with the study of John Damascene goes back to his MPhil thesis ‘The
Use of Logic in the Work of John Damascene: Approaches to Fons Scientiae’
(2001).

Najib George Awad

Professor of Christian theology and Eastern Christian thought, Hartford Sem-
inary, ct usa. His research interests include Arabic Christianity, Christian-
Muslim relations, comparative, interreligious and contextual theologies, and
the Contemporary Middle East. He publishes in both Arabic and English, in-
cluding Umayyad Christianity: John of Damascus as a contextual example of
identity formation in Early Islam (2018); and After-Mission, Beyond Evangeli-
calism: The Indigenous ‘Injīliyyūn’ in the Arab-Muslim Context of Syria-Lebanon
(2020).

Habib Ibrahim
PhD (2016, ephe-Paris, ‘Jean Damascène arabe: édition critique des deux traités
Contre les Nestoriens’). He is a research associate at the University St Joseph—
Beirut and Assistant Professor at Lebanese University. He wrote his thesis on
John of Damascus’ two treatises against the Nestorians. He works on different
projects connected to the study of Christian Arabic literature.

Vassa Kontouma
Dean, Religious Studies, École Pratique des Hautes Études, psl, Paris, France,
and Présidente de l’Institut français d’Études byzantines. PhD (1996, Paris-4
Sorbonne) thesis: ‘La “Source de connaissance” de S. Jean Damascène: traduc-
tion annotée des livres i (Dialectica) et iii (Expositio de fide orthodoxa).’ She
researches John of Damascus, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine theology, Ortho-
notes on contributors xiii

dox dogmatic, Post-Byzantine manuscripts, Dositheus ii of Jerusalem, and the

Greek Diaspora in Ottoman times.

Smilen Markov
Assistant Professor in Christian Philosophy, University of Veliko Turnovo, Bul-
garia. PhD (University of Cologne, 2010), thesis: ‘The Metaphysical Synthesis
of John Damascene: historical interconnections and structural transforma-
tions’, published as Die metaphysische Synthese des Johannes von Damaskus:
Historische Zusammenhänge und Strukturtransformationen, Brill, 2015. His re-
search interests include Byzantine philosophy, Orthodox theology, dialogue
between Byzantium and Islam, and urbanism.

Brenda Mariana Méndez-Gallardo

Professor of Medieval Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion, Jesuit Ibero-
American University, Mexico City and Western Institute of Technology and
Higher Studies, Guadalajara, Mexico. She researches patristic, ancient and
medieval philosophy; the philosophy of art and aesthetics (with particular
interest in spiritual thought in the visual arts); aesthetic and apophatic the-
ology, and the philosophy of religion. She recently published La visión de lo
invisible. El concepto de imagen en la Expositio fidei de Juan Damasceno (2020).

Theocharis S. Papavissarion
National & Kapodistrian University of Athens. PhD (Athens, 2019), thesis: ‘St
John Damascene’s Teaching on Matter. The Ktisiological Foundation of his
Anti-Manichaean Theology’. He is an Orthodox theologian specializing in pa-
tristics. He focuses on John Damascene, the continuity of the ecclesiastic tra-
dition, and Manichaean and Byzantine theology and philosophy. He has pub-
lished articles in encyclopedias and journals examining certain subjects of
patristic literature.

Peter Schadler
Assistant Professor, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA. DPhil (Ox-
ford, 2011), which formed the basis of his recent book: John of Damascus
and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest
Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2018). He is currently researching the narra-
tology in hagiography and storytelling in Byzantium and beyond.

Petros Tsagkaropoulos
Kings College London, England. PhD (King’s, London, 2019), thesis: ‘The Hagio-
graphic Homilies of John of Damascus: A Study in Byzantine Homiletics’. His
xiv notes on contributors

research specializes in Byzantine literature and history, including literary anal-

ysis and interdisciplinary hermeneutical approaches through insightfully de-
veloping new research methods.

Robert Volk
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich. DrPhil (Munich,
1987), thesis: ‘Der medizinische Inhalt der Schriften des Michael Psellos’, pub-
lished under the same title (Munich: 1990). His research is centered on the
philology and publication of the writings of John of Damascus. He is currently
preparing the publication of several of the many Lives of St John Damascene.

Johannes Zachhuber
Professor of Historical and Systematic Theology, University of Oxford. He has
published widely on Eastern patristic thought including Human Nature in Gre-
gory of Nyssa: Philosophical Background and Theological Significance (1999) and
The Rise of Christian Theology and the End of Ancient Metaphysics: Patristic Phi-
losophy from the Cappadocian Fathers to John of Damascus (2020).

Anna Zhyrkova
Jesuit University Ignatianum, Cracow, Poland. PhD (Catholic University, Lub-
lin, 2002), thesis: ‘Philosophy of John Damascene in the Light of the “Pege
Gnoseos”’. Her research interests center on Byzantine philosophy and Patristic
theology.
Maps

Acknowledgement

The maps were originally produced by David A. Michelson, map editor, and
Ian Mladjou, cartographer, for The Syriac World, Daniel King, ed. (Routledge,
2019). The five maps presented here are a subset of fourteen maps originally
produced. Michelson provides an excellent discussion of the data as well as
pointers to Internet based resources with bibliography (The Syriac World, xxvii–
xxxiii). Michelson graciously provided our project with the maps under a cre-
ative commons license, and we have chosen to present the five that cover Syria,
Palestine, and the Egyptian territory most germane to the study of John of Dam-
ascus.
Maps 1–5 Copyright cc by-sa
xvi maps

map 1 Near East after the Islamic Conquest (L)

maps xvii

map 2 Near East after the Islamic Conquest (R)

 xviii maps

map 3 Northern Syria, Cilicia, and Cyprus

map 4 Lebanon & southern Syria

 maps xix

map 5 Egypt and Palestine

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