Lesson 1 - Text & Information Media

What is Text? • The use of various font types can express different emotions or
• A simple and flexible formal of presenting meaning.
information or conveying idea whether.

> Hand written (review notes, journals)

> Printed (newspaper)
> On-screen (codes)

What is Text Information? Typeface

• Information that is communicated through text. • Also called font, font type, or type
• Refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format.
> Signs
> Books
> Smartphone Type of Typeface
> Computers
> Menus 1. Serif
• Connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts.
Forms of Text • This font usually used for the body text of books,
• These are written for variety of purposes, using newspapers, magazines, and research publication.
different forms and standards of composition. • Also, serif give a classic elegant look when used for title or
heading.
I. Hypertext
• It serves as link dynamic electronic documents Examples:
and enable users to jump from one to another > Times New Roman
in a nonlinear way. > Garamond
> Baskerville
II. Plain text or Unformatted Text
• It has fix characters having essentially the
same type of appearance. 2. San Serif
• Brings a clean or minimalist look to the text.
III. Formatted Text • This font is used for clear and direct meaning of text such as
• It appearance can be changed using front road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food
parameter such as the font type, font style, package. (majority)
and font color, etc. • Also, sans serif font give a modern look and is used primarily
in webpage design.
Text as Visuals
• This refers to the representation or style of a text in a Examples:
digital format. > Arial
• Usually comprises of alphabets, numbers, symbols, > Helvetica
and other special characters. > Tahoma
• When fonts are installed in the computer, they > Verdana
usually come in file formats such as: > Calibri

> .ttf (TrueType Font file) 3. Slab Serif

▪ developed by Windows and Mac • Slab serif-carries a solid or heavy look to text.
▪ create a font that was capable of • This font can be used for large advertising sign on billboards.
working across Windows and Mac and
could be deciphered by most printers Examples:
by default. > Rockwell
> Playbill
> .otf (OpenType Font file) > Blackoak
▪ developed by Microsoft and Adobe
▪ contains data, in table format, used for 4. Script
rendering of text. • Draw much attention to itself because of its brush-like
strokes.
> .eot (Embedded Open Type file) • This must be used sparingly and not to be used in large body
▪ developed by Microsoft text.
▪ enable TrueType and OpenType fonts to • This font is usually used in wedding invitation cards or other
be linked to web pages for download to formal events.
render the web page with the font the
author desired. Examples:
> Edwardian
• In the absence of image or drawings, text is the > Vladimir
easiest way to communicating to your audience. > Kunstler

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 5. Decorative
• Display or decorative- caters to a wide variety
of emotions (such as celebration, fear, horror
etc.) or themes (such as cowboys, circus,
holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.).

Examples:
> Chiller
> Jokerman
> Curlz Mt

Design Principles and Elements

• These describe fundamental ideas about the
practice of visual design.

 Emphasis
• It refers to the importance
or value given to a part of
the text-based content.

 Appropriateness
• It shows how fit or suitable
the text is used for specific
audience, purpose or event.

 Proximity
• It refers to the distance of
the text elements from each
other. (minimal details)

 Alignment
• It refers to the importance
or value given to a part of
the text-based content.

 Organization
• This refers to the conscious
effort to organize the
different text elements in a
page.

 Repetition
• Consistency of elements and
this includes the unity of the
entire design. (branding)

 Contrast
• This creates visual interest
and two elements are
different from each other.
(readability)

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Lesson 2 - Visual Information & Media

What is Visual Media? > Gain Attention

• These are the symbols, pictures, icons, and other > Create Meaning
that communicate with one's sense of sight. > Facilitate Retention

Visual Design Elements

• These are building blocks or basic units in construction of visual
image

A. Lines
a. Ideogram • Line is the path made by a moving point: a connected and
• These are graphic symbols that represent continuous lines can be measured in length, width, and
ideas. weight. They ca be long short, thick, thin, dotted or solid.

Examples: B. Shapes
> Symbols • Shapes is an area occupying space in a composition and it
> Logos can be defined by a line, color, or texture.
> Signs • Shapes are two-dimensional (2D) which means are two ways
they can be measured.
b. Statistical Visualization
• This refers to the study and creation of data C. Value
using visual. • The degree of light and dark design. It is the contrast
between black and white and all the tones in between.
Examples:
> Bar graph D. Texture
> Pie chart • They are the surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can
> Line graph be added to attract or repel interest to a visual element.
• Visual texture is the illusion of the surface peaks and valleys,
c. Pictures resulting in a feeling of smoothness or roughness in the
• It is used widely by people to express their object.
ideas, opinions, and sentiments.
E. Color
Examples: • It is a visual sensation resulting from the reflection wave
> Photography lengths of light from differing sources.
> Paintings • Color can add interest and reality to artwork. With the use of
> Drawings color wheel it is easy to understand color theory, or
effectively.
d. Graphic Design
• It is combination of text and pictures to F. Form
communicate information. • A figure having volume and thickness.
• An illusion of three-dimensional (3D) object can be implied
Examples: with the use of light and shading.
> Infographics • Forms can be viewed from many angles.
> Posters
> Advertisements

e. Video
• It is the combination of motion and pictures; or
motion, picture, and audio.

Examples:
> Movie
> CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television)
> Film Visual Design Principles
• Visual design elements and principles describe fundamental ideas
f. 3D Image about the practice of visual design.
• It is a three-dimensional visual medium.
1. Consistency
Examples: • Consistency in margins, typeface, and colors especially in the
> Sculpture whole documents or presentations.
> Architecture
> Rea-life object 2. Center of Interest
• An area that first attracts attention in a composition.
Purpose of Visual Information: • This area is more important when compared to the other
• The primary purpose of visual information is to: elements.

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 3. Balance 7. Simplicity
• A feeling of visual equity in shape, forms, etc. • Avoid unnecessary design, including 3D charts, ornamental
can be used in creating balance in a illustration, or extraneous elements.
composition. • Remember, too, that minimal design can also be effective—so
long as you have a strong story.
4. Harmony
• This brings together a composition with similar
units.

5. Contrast
• Offers some change in value creating a visual
discord in a composition.

6. Directional Movement
• It is a casual flow through the composition.
• It can be the suggestion of motion in a design as
you move from one object to another.

7. Rhythm
• A movement in which some elements recur
regularly.

8. Perspective
• Created through the arrangement of objects in
two-dimensional space to look like they appear
in real life.

Tips for Designing Visual Content

1. Color
• Use no more than five colors in a single layout.
• Color should be used sparingly to highlight
important information.

2. Typography
• All fonts should be legible and appropriate for
the communication style.
• For more tips, find out how to choose the right
typography for your brand.

3. Layout
• Present content in a way that guides readers
through in a logical hierarchy.
• Aligning the elements in a layout with each
other will help maintain consistency.

4. Space
• Keep significant negative space. When too much
information is in a layout, messaging becomes
cluttered and incoherent.

5. Illustrations
• Illustration should match tone and subject
matter. Only include if it enhances the content.

6. Proportion
• The eye can be deceiving; make sure items are
appropriately sized in data visualizations so as
not to skew data.

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Lesson 3 - Audio Information Media

What is Audio 3. Flash Drive

• There are sounds especially when recorded, • This can be used to store audio with any computer that has
transmitted or reproduced. a USB port.

> Sound Effects 4. Memory Card

> Music • A small storage medium used to store data such as text,
> Songs images, audio, and video.
> Newscast
> Sound Recording 5. Hard Drive
> Public Service Announcements • It is a secondary device used to for storing audio file.
• SSD - Solid-State Drive
Audio Media
• Media communication that uses audio or recording 6. Cloud Storage
to deliver and transfer information through the • A website used to store files that is connected to the
means of sound. internet.

Types and Categories of Audio Information Audio File Formats

1. Radio Broadcasting 1. MP3/ MPEG Audio Layer 3

• Live or recorded audio sent through radio • A standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and
waves to reach a wide audience. playback of music on most digital audio players.

2. Music 2. M4A/ AAC Advanced Audio Coding

• Vocal or instrument sounds combined in such
a way to produced beauty of form, harmony,
and expression of emotion.
3. Sound Recording
• It is a recording of an interview, meeting, or
any sound from the environment.
4. Sound Clips/ Effects
• Any sound artificially reproduced to create an
effect in a dramatic presentation.
5. Audio Podcast
• A digital audio file or recording, usually part of
a theme series, that can be downloaded from
a website to a media player.
6. Public Service Announcement
• These are messages disseminate by radios
without charge. It aims to rise people's
awareness.
• Weather Reports
7. Radio Drama
• Similar to a television soap opera, these are
purely acoustic programs broadcast on radio.
• This is designed for the successor of the m3 format, AAC
generally achieves better sound quality than mp3.
3. WAV/ Waveform Audio File
• This is the standard format for storing audio bitstream on
PCs and it has become a standard format for game sounds
among others.
• Highest quality of audio file
4. WMA/ Widows Media Audio
• An audio data compression technology developed by
Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.
Characteristics of Sound
1. Volume
• It refers to the intensity of a sound. Control (lakas at hina)
2. Tone
• The audible characteristic of a sound. (Clarity)
3. Pitch
• It deals of how high or low the sound is. (treble, bass)
4. Loudness
• Refers to the magnitude of the sound heard. (Sound)

8. Radio Commercial Purpose of Sound

• Paid advertisements that intend to promote a
service or product. I. Give Instruction or Information
II. Provide Feedback
Ways to Store Audio Information III. To personalize or Customize

1. Tape Elements of Sound Design

• It is a magnetic tape which sound can be
played or recorded. 1. Dialogue
• These are speeches, conversations, or voice-over. (Vocal)
2. Compact Disc (CD)
• A circular medium for recording, and playing 2. Sound Effects
audio and video. • Any sound other than music or dialogue.

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 3. Music
• Vocal or instrumental sound (or both)
combined in such a way to produce beauty of
form, harmony, and expression of emotion.

Principle of Sound Design

• These are the techniques for combining the different
elements or objects of a sound.

1. Mixing
• It is the combination, balance, and control of
multiple sound elements.

2. Stereo Imaging
• Using left and right channel for depth.
• Mono - single

3. Pace
• This refers to the time control, editing, orders
or events.
• In sequence

4. Transition
• This is how you get from one segment of
element to another.

Hearing VS Listening
• The impact of an audio information varies upon the
receiver.

 Hearing
• The act of perceiving sound by the ear
and can be done involuntarily.
• Involuntary

 Listening
• Requires concentration so that your
brain process meaning from words.

 Steps 1: Hearing
• Sound enters the eardrums and travel to the
brain.

 Step 2: Attending
• Brain receives the sound and chooses what to
listen to.

 Step 3: Understanding
• Making sense of the listened sound.

 Step 4: Remembering
• The sound is stored in one's memory.

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Lesson 4 - Motion Information & Literacy
What is Motion Information and Media?
• A form of media that has the appearance of moving
text and graphics on a display. Its purpose is to
communicate information in multiple ways.
• Motion media in essence is visual media that gives
the appearance of movement.
• Motion media can be a collection of graphics,
footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text, and/
or interactive content to create multimedia.
Video Format/ Video Codec
1. 3GP (Third Generation Partnership)
• Is a video container format that was
developed with the intention to save on disk
space, bandwidth, and data usage, which is
why they're often seen created from, and
transferred between, mobile devices.
• The main advantage of 3GP format is that it is
small in size.
• This is beneficial especially for users who
frequently save and watch video files on their
smartphones. And due to its small footprint,
uploading or downloading a video in 3GP
format will only take seconds to minutes
depending on the file size.
2. MPG - Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
• MPG is a file extension for an MPEG animation
in the MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 codec.
 MPEG-1
• Was designed for coding
progressive video at bit rates of
about 1.5 million bits per second.
It was designed specifically for
video-cd and cd-i media.
• MPEG-1 audio layer-3 (mp3) has
also evolved from early MPEG
work.
 MPEG-2
• Was designed for coding
interlaced images at bit rates
above 4 million bits per second.
• Used for digital tv broadcast and
DVD.
• Can handle MPEG-1 data as well.
3. MP4 - MPEG 4
• Is a file format created by the moving picture
experts group (MPEG) as a multimedia
container format designed to store audiovisual
data.
• The MP4 is largely replacing earlier multimedia
file formats, and creating some charges in the
way that vendors sell audiovisual files to the
public.
• MP4 file format, also commonly known as
MPEG-4 part 14 or MPEG-4 AVC (advanced
video coding), is a multimedia file format used
to digitally store audio and video files.
• MP4 file format is also used for video
streaming over the internet.
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• MP4 file format is basically a container which holds audio
files that are digitally encoded.
• MP4 file format has only one official extension, i.e., .mp4.
• There are two unofficial file extensions, as well,
namely .m4a, which audio only, and m4p, which stands for
the protected mp4 file format.
Pixel
• A word invented from "pix (picture) + element"
• Is the basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or
in a computer image.
• The physical size of a pixel depends on how you've set the
resolution for the display screen.
Video Resolution
• It simply is the "clearness of the video"
• Resolution is the number of pixels (individual points of color)
contained on a display monitor, expressed in terms of the number
of pixels on the horizontal axis and the number on the vertical
axis.
• The sharpness of the image on a display depends on the
resolution and the size of the monitor.
Kinds of Resolution
 360 p (480 x 360)
• Video at 360p are well-suited to smartphones and other
mobile devices since they use up less data, but may appear
a bit blurry on larger screens.
 480p (640 x 480)
• DVS's clock in a 480p, so if you're looking to burn a DVD, this
resolution will give your disc the highest quality allowed by
and DVD burner r disc. A 480p video will also play well on
most laptop and desktop monitors, and smaller TV's.
 720p (1280 x 720)
• True high-definition starts at 720p, and this is the image
resolution at which many HD television channels broadcast.
An HD 720p animation video is crisp, sharp, and looks great
on most displays.
 1080p (1920 x 1080)
• For an even higher resolution, you can download your
videos at 1080p, another favorite for HD television stations.
We recommended this resolution for sharing on social
media or for showing video on larger screens and Tvs, since
it'll give your audience the highest possible quality display,
with crystal clear playback.
  4K (3840 x 2160)
• 4K video resolution is high-definition (HD)
video that has four times the resolution of
1080p HD video
2 standard resolution for 4K video:
1. Digital cinema initiatives standard for 4K
resolution in the film and video production
industry is 4096 x 2160 pixels.
2. The 4K resolution standard for television and
monitors is 3840 x 2160 pixels.
Types of Motion Information and Media
I. Film
• Also called a movie picture, is a series of still or
moving images.
• Consist of moving pictures that have been
recorded so that they can show at the criteria
or on television.
• A film tells a story or shows a real situation.
 Documentary Film
• A documentary film is a nonfictional
motion picture intended to document
some aspect of reality, primarily for the
purposes of instruction, education, or
maintaining a historical record.
 Short Film (indie film)
• A short film is any film not long enough
to be considered a feature film.
• No consensus exists as to where that
boundary is drawn: the academy of
motion pictures arts and sciences
defines a short film as "an original
motion picture that has a running time
of 40 minutes or less, including all
credits".
II. Animation
• A scene from the animated film. Is the process
of designing, drawing, making layouts and
preparation of photographic sequences which
are integrated in the multimedia and gaming
products.
• Animation involves the exploitation and
management of still images to generate the
illusion of movement.
III. Interactive Video
• Usually refers to technique used to blend
interaction and linear film or video.
• Interactive video (also known as "IV") is a type
of digital video that supports user that
perform an action when you click on them.
IV. Motion Picture in Television
• Television is a telecommunication medium for
transmitting a receiving moving images that
can be monochrome (black and white) or
colored, with or without accompanying
sounds.
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A. Commercial Advertisement on TV
• A span of television programming produced and paid
for by an organization.
• It conveys a message, aimed to market a product or
service.
B. Philippine Melodrama
• Philippines television drama, also known as teleserye,
Filipino telenovelas or Pdrama, is a form of
melodramatic serialized fiction in television in the
Philippines.
C. Reality Show
• A reality show is a type of television program that
aims to show how ordinary people behave in
everyday life, or in situations, often created by the
program makers, which are intended to represent
everyday life.
D. Game Show
• A television program in which people compete to win
prizes
E. Talk Show
• A television program or radio show in which various
topics are discussed informally and listeners, viewers,
or the studio audience are invited to participate in
the discussion.
F. Television News
• A television broadcast of news.
Formats of Motion Information and Media
> Video
• Is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, and
broadcasting of moving visual images.
> Video footage
• In filmmaking and video production, footage is the raw,
unedited material as it had been originally filmed by moving
camera or recorded by a video camera which usually must
be edited to create a motion picture, video clip, television
sow or similar completed work.
Design Principles and Elements of Motion Information and Media
 Speed
• A fast movement gives vigor and vitality, intensifying
emotions.
• A slow movement connotes lethargy, solemnity, or sadness.
 Direction
• Indicates a movement from one direction to another.
• It can also refer to the growing or shrinking of an object.
 Timing
• Can be objective or subjective.
 • Objective timing can be measured in minutes,
seconds, etc.
• Subjective timing is psychological or felt.
• Timing can be used to clarify or intensify the
message or the event. Using a pause can help
time the events.

 Transition
• Used to switch between scenes.

 Sound and Color

• Adds meaning to the motion.

 Blurring
• In animation, blurring can provide illusion of
fast movements.
• In videos, it is often used to censor
information for security or decency.

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Lesson 5 - Societal Issue in Media & Information
Ethical
• From the Latin word "ethikos" which means
character.
• Defines how individuals prefer to interact with one
another.
Legal
• The law, is a set of generally accepted rules,
accepted and enforced within in a certain territory
or entity.
• Legal means a set of rules implemented in the
specific country and it is acceptable based from wat
is in the law.
Intellectual Property
• This refers to creation of the mind, such as inventios:
literary and artistic works: designs: and symbols,
name and images used in commerce.
 Intellectual property is protected by law
• WIPO was created in 1967, "to
encourage creative activity, to promote
the protection of intellectual property
throughout the world."
Types of Intellectual Property
1. Copyright
Is a legal term used to describe the rights that
creators have over their literary and artistic works.
 Scope of Copyright:
a. Financial gain
b. Moral Right
 Key Principles that Form the Foundation of
Copyright:
1. Exclusivity
• If a third party wants to use the
copyrighted work, the owner has the
right to decide whether he/ she would
authorize or prohibit the usage.
2. No formalities for Establishment
• The ownership of copyright starts from
the time of creation and does not
required any formal of registration.
3. Contractual Freedom
• Righteous holders can defined their ow
terms and conditions in cases of
production.
4. Remuneration
• The third party must provide equitable
renumeration through monetary
payment (covers the copyright owner's
economic right) and/ or
acknowledgment (covers the copyright
owner's moral right).
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5. Territoriality
• The author has the power to decide regarding the
covered geographical scope and license of his/ her
work.
6. Enforcement
• The holder can enforce his/ her rights against
unauthorized use of his/ her work.
• A copy right owner may use symbol © to simply notify that
his/her work is copyrighted. Thereby, warning a third party
from infringement.
1. An IP is covered by copyright during the lifetime of the
IP owner and 50 years after his/ her death.
2. The IP owner or his/ her legal successor can renew the
copyright after its expiration.
3. Only after an IP's copyright expires and its owner or
legal successors fail to renew the copyright can it be
considered as public domain.
 Public Domain
• This refers to works that are not covered by IP rights
(Copyright, Trademark, and Patent.)
> Due to expiration or forfeiture of rights.
> Using public domain does not required asking for copyright
information.
2. Trademark
1. It is a name, word slogan, symbol, among others, that
identifies a product of organizations (WIPO, n.d).
2. Trademark requires registration. It is because if a material is
a registered trademark of a group or organization, no other
party can ever use it.
3. It is illegal to use the symbols TM and ® for products that are
not registered under a national trademark/ patent office.
3. Patent
It is a government license given to industrial process and
inventions that gives its owner an exclusive right to use, sell, or
manufacture the said IPs (UK Copyright Service, n. d).
It only lasts 20 years (Sc. 21, R.A No. 165a)
Non-Patentable:
1. Discoveries, scientific theories, and mathematical methods.
2. Schemes, rules and methods of performing mental acts,
playing games or doing business, and programs for
computers.
3. Methods for treatment of the human or animal body
surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practiced on the
human/ animal body.
4. Plant varieties or animal breeds or essentially biological
process for the production of plants or animals
5. Aesthetic creation
6. Anything which is contrary to public order or morality.
Infringement
• Violation or infringement of IP rights is subjected to sanctions
around the world.
• In the Philippines, IP rights are protected by RA 8293, or
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (IP code).
  Types of Plagiarism

1. Cut and Paste

• This refers to literally copying and
pasting w/o including proper citation.

2. Word-switch
• The usage of alter vocabularies or
substitution of words and paraphrasing
w/o giving proper attribution.

3. Style
• Refers to the substitution of your own
sentences or paragraph or making
alterations.

4. Metaphor and Idea

• Refers to the usage of metaphors and
ideas without prior acknowledgement.

Penalties

1. For the First Offenders

• Fine of Php. 50, 000 to Php. 150, 000 and/ or
imprisonment of one to two years.

2. For the Second Offenders

• Fine of Php. 150, 000 to Php. 500, 000 and/ or
imprisonment of three to six years.

3. For the Third Offenders

• Fine of Php. 500, 000 to Php. 1.5 million and/
or imprisonment of six to nine years.

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