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Theoretical Approach to the Relationship between Speech and

Language

Sarimsakova Shoira Ulug‘bek qizi, Ph.D

Student of National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulug„bek

Annotation: This article explores the complex and mutually beneficial relationship between
language and speech, illuminating the core idea that underpins human communication and in this
article it is tried to analyze the complexity of language and speech interaction by investigating the
ways in which language creates speech subtleties and speech functions as a medium for language
expression.
Key words: speech, language, interconnection, phenomenon, synchronic, diachronic, social,
real, permanent, thought and feelings.

INTRODUCTION
A fascinating symphony is being played out at the heart of human contact, one that is directed by the
dynamic interplay between language and speech. This article highlights this complex relationship‟s
symbiotic nature by providing an introduction to the basic ideas that form its foundation. Here, we set
out to explore the complexities of the relationship between speech and language and how it shapes the
fundamentals of human communication. Language, the structured code that embodies meaning, and
speech, the audible representation of our thoughts and feelings, dance endlessly to define the terrain of
human communication. In the article it is highlighted the unbreakable link between these two essential
components of expression and lays the groundwork for a thorough investigation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The examination of the intricate interconnection between speech and language encompasses a
comprehensive exploration drawing insights from a diverse array of academic disciplines. Numerous
erudite scholars and researchers hailing from disparate fields have actively contributed to enhancing
our comprehension of this multifaceted interplay. In the following, we highlight key figures and
enumerate the various disciplines that have played instrumental roles in delving into the complex
relationship between speech and language. Several linguists have explored the relationships between

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language and speech. One of them is renowned linguist, Chomsky‟s work on generative grammar and
the innate structures of language has influenced the study of language and its connection to cognitive
processes. A foundational figure in structural linguistics, Saussure‟s contributions include the
structural analysis of language and its components. A cognitive scientist and linguist, Pinker has
explored the cognitive aspects of language and its evolution in works like “The Language Instinct.”
Although primarily a developmental psychologist, Piaget‟s work on cognitive development has
implications for understanding the relationship between language and thought. Paul Broca and Carl
Wernicke made significant contributions to neurolinguistics by identifying brain regions associated
with language production which is known Broca‟s area and language comprehension that is
Wernicke‟s area. Most importantly, According to F. Saussure, language and speech are different
subjects of different languages. F. Saussure, who proposed to consider language and speech as
different phenomena that represent the subjects of different disciplines, researches the search for such
features that are present in language and absent in speech, and therefore his thoughts related to the
social views of language in linguistics opposing opinions caused changes. In particular, his opinion
that language is not a material but a form became the main factor in the formation of structural schools
in linguistics (Prague, Copenhagen, America). According to the scientist, speech activity of a person is
a multifaceted phenomenon and is related to a number of disciplines, including psychology,
philosophy, anthropology, physiology, mathematics, etc. When F. de Saussure emphasized the
connection between language and speech, he studied them as two separate branches: language
linguistics and speech linguistics, and linguistics mainly deals with language linguistics, physics, and
physiology, argues that the linguistics of old speech should be studied in disciplines such as
psychology. With these views, he uses the method of antinomy, similar to W. von Humboldt, in
studying speech activity, and the antinomies of language and speech, synchrony and diachrony,
internal and external linguistics, which caused sharp turns in linguistics, are put forward by the
scientist. If we distinguish between language and speech, according to F. de Saussure, language differs
from speech according to the following 5 signs.
1. Language is social, speech is individual.
2. Language is a system, speech is a system.
3. Language - potential (possibility, hidden), speech - real (reality, manifestation).
4. Language - synchronic (modern, present), speech - diachronic (historical, past).
5. Language is an essence, speech is an event.
The differences between language and speech are significant, and some of Saussure's views are correct
when viewed in relative terms, that is, language is a social phenomenon, and speech is an individual
phenomenon. In fact, in our opinion both language and speech are socio-individual phenomena.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research encompassing the relationship between language and speech often involves multidisciplinary
methodologies. Studies utilize linguistic analyses, neuroimaging techniques, experimental setups, and
computational models to investigate how language influences speech production and vice versa.
Neuroscientific investigations explore brain regions associated with language and speech, providing
insights into the neural mechanisms underlying their interplay. The main basis for speech is language
wealth, language material, and Professor S. Usmanov divides this language material into two: mental
and material materials. Psychic material is the image (image) of words, morphemes and phonemes in
memory, while material is clearly pronounced words, morphemes and sounds that have a specific

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sound shell during the creation of a note. It is clear from this that speech is the process of using
language for the purpose of exchange of ideas and communication. The relationship between language
and speech can also be shown in the following. With the help of speech, language is realized, and
language, in turn, is both the basis and the product of speech. If language is the main material for the
communication process, the formation of thoughts from this material is speech. Therefore, as F. De
Saussure said, language is necessary for us to understand speech, and speech is necessary for the
development, survival and formation of language. Language and speech are interrelated social
phenomena, one cannot exist without the other, but they are different from each other. Therefore,
language and speech is not exactly the same thing, although they are related to each other.
Psychologist P.I.Ivanov in his book “General Psychology” says, “When we ask a person: What
language (or languages) do you speak, we make a clear difference between this person‟s speech and
what language (or languages) he uses in his speech. We will do it,” he said, distinguishing between
speech and language. Each person has his own speech and uses one or more languages in the
implementation of his speech. At this point, the speech of each individual person has its own
characteristics according to his age, knowledge, spiritual and cultural level, and from this we can
understand that speech is an individual phenomenon. That is, the speech is called individual according
to its implementation by a certain person. However, according to its function in the communication
process, it is a social phenomenon. It can be understood from this that speech is individual, and if we
understand that it is carried out by a person, its importance, function, and popularity in communication
show that speech is a social phenomenon.
DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS
Language, considered a social phenomenon, is also individual in a certain sense. Because the elements
and units that are the material of language appear naturally in human memory and psyche, and that is
why Professor S. Usmanov emphasized that language elements exist in the memory of society
members. In the relationship between language and speech, the language has its own complex
structure, which is used as a whole system. From this we can understand that, as Ferdinand de
Saussure noted,- language is a system of signs, the only an important element is the combination of
meaning and acoustic image, and these two components of the sign are considered to have the same
mental essence. So, as F. de Saussure correctly defined, language is a system, and interconnected
systems in the language, i.e., their sound side, vocabulary, grammatical structure, make up the unity
and system of the language and its system character is based on the lines and layers of the language.
Socially, language appears as a means of communication and interaction. Based on this, Professor S.
Usmanov in his book “General Linguistics” expressed the opinion that “things that serve for the
relationship between people must be of social importance, because such a relationship, communication
occurs within society” and in our opinion, language it is important that it serves society as a social
event and has social significance in this respect. That is, the speech is called individual according to its
implementation by a certain person. However, according to its function in the communication process,
it is a social phenomenon. It can be understood from this that speech is individual, and if we
understand that it is carried out by a person, its importance, function, and popularity in communication
show that speech is a social phenomenon. Understanding the interplay between language and speech
holds implications across fields such as education, psychology, neurology, and technology. Insights
into literacy development, language disorders, and advancements in artificial intelligence are derived
from unraveling this relationship. This comprehensive understanding enriches our comprehension of
human communication, cognition, and the fabric of our existence.

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Language, considered a social phenomenon, is also individual in a certain sense. Because the elements
and units that are the material of language appear naturally in human memory and psyche, and that is
why Professor S. Usmanov emphasized that language elements exist in the memory of society
members. In the relationship between language and speech, the language has its own complex
structure, which is used as a whole system. From this we can understand that, as Ferdinand de
Saussure noted - language is a system of signs, the only an important element is the combination of
meaning and acoustic image, and these two components of the sign are considered to have the same
mental essence. So, as F. de Saussure correctly defined, language is a system, and interconnected
systems in the language, i.e., their sound side, vocabulary, grammatical structure, make up the unity
and system of the language and its system character is based on the lines and layers of the language.
Socially, language appears as a means of communication and interaction. Based on this, Professor S.
Usmanov in his book “General Linguistics” expressed the opinion that “things that serve for the
relationship between people must be of social importance, because such a relationship, communication
occurs within society” and in our opinion, language it is important that it serves society as a social
event and has social significance in this respect. As mentioned above, language and speech are closely
related to each other, because the language is expressed in action. But it is necessary to distinguish
between these two concepts. Language is a system of symbols, and speech is an activity. We
understand that speech occurs as a necessary reaction to certain events of the event, and language, like
speech, is not an activity of the speaker, but a finished product passively registered by the speaker. As
speech is not limited to linguistic means, language means also include non-linguistic (non-verbal)
means of communication: voice, intonation, facial expressions, gestures, and paralinguistic means. If
we distinguish speech and language, in the process of communication, language is the main means of
communication, and speech is the result of the creative activity of the person engaged in
communication. Language forms the basis of human communication, providing a structural framework
for conveying thoughts and emotions. Speech represents the tangible manifestation of language,
involving the coordinated movements of speech organs to produce sounds and articulate words. The
symbiotic relationship between language and speech is evident, with language guiding speech
production and speech influencing language evolution.
CONCLUSION
The intricate relationship between language and speech serves as the cornerstone of human
communication and cognitive abilities. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing linguistic
analyses, neuroscientific investigations, and technological advancements, we have unveiled the
profound interplay between these elements. Language, as a complex system, provides the framework
for conveying intricate thoughts, emotions, and information. In contrast, speech, the tangible
expression of language, involves the precise coordination of speech organs to articulate sounds and
form words. This symbiotic relationship between language and speech is a testament to the intricate
nature of human communication. Language guides speech production, shaping dialects, accents, and
communication patterns within diverse linguistic communities. Conversely, speech influences
language evolution and development, leading to variations that enrich our understanding of human
expression. The implications of understanding this relationship are vast. In education, insights into
literacy development and language acquisition aid in designing effective teaching strategies.
Psychology and neurology benefit from comprehension of language-related disorders such as aphasia,
dyslexia, and various speech impairments. Moreover, advancements in artificial intelligence and
natural language processing heavily rely on unraveling the complexities of language-speech dynamics.
By comprehensively unraveling the interconnections between language and speech, we not only
enhance our understanding of human communication and cognition but also pave the way for

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innovative applications across diverse fields. This holistic understanding enriches our perception of the
intricacies of human existence, offering a glimpse into the essence of what makes us uniquely human.
The continued exploration of the language-speech relationship promises to unveil further insights into
the complexities of human communication and cognitive processes, ultimately shaping our
understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
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