Call of Duty-Free

Food Stuff
In Thailand, many places offer cooking classes for visitors to learn how to make delicious Thai
dishes. These classes are a fun and tasty way to experience Thai culture.
● Book cooking station via app (Cookly)\

● Course- Baan Thai Cooking School

● Classes typically last for half a day.

● You can expect to make 3-5 dishes in a class.

● The cost is around $32, which is standard for the area.

● Many schools provide a recipe book after the class so you can recreate the

dishes at home.

Tang Dresses
● Tang dresses are clothes inspired by China's Tang Dynasty.

● They're popular with tourists visiting Chang'an city (capital of Tang Dynasty).

● Worn by both men and women

● Chang'an has a lot of history and offers fun experiences.

● May Day Holiday- 13.3 million trips, 10.7 billion yuan (1.5 billion USD)

Ninja Village
Shiga Prefecture, Japan
● Known for:
○ Lake Biwa (largest lake in Japan)
○ Omi wagyu beef and mushrooms
○ Koga, a town considered the homeland of ninja
Koka Ninja Village
● Learn about and experience ninja culture
● Rent ninja costumes
● Throw shuriken (practice throwing stars)
● Obstacle course with basic ninja skills training
● Receive a certificate upon completing the training
Ninjutsu Yashiki (Ninja House)
● 300-year-old house used by real ninjas
● Complex traps and hiding spots
 ● Shuriken throwing range
● Iga City
● Ninja Fujiissui restaurant:
○ Ninja-themed atmosphere
○ Ninja food
○ Hyorogan (natural "energy pills") made with rice, vegetables, herbs, seeds, and
sugar (not a real energy source)
Additional Points:
● Koka and Iga are both considered the homelands of ninja in Japan.
● Hyorogan is a traditional trail mix, not a magical energy source.

Place Branding
What is destination branding?
● Identifying a place's unique strengths and what makes it appealing to tourists.
● It involves crafting a story that highlights these strengths and sets the place apart from
competitors.
● This story is then communicated consistently through all marketing channels.
Examples of successful destination branding:
● Iceland: Used creative campaigns with humor and positive messages to maintain
interest during challenges and remind people why Iceland is a special place to visit.
● British Columbia: Emphasized its stunning natural beauty with a long-lasting and
successful slogan, "Super, Natural British Columbia."
● Paris: Maintained its reputation for romance and cultural richness as a key reason to
visit.
● Costa Rica: Highlighted the friendliness of its people as a core aspect of the visitor
experience.
Additional points:
● Destination branding can evolve over time. Places sometimes update their branding, like
New York City's recent shift from "I ♥ NY" to "We ♥ NY."
● Branding can be used for more than just tourism. Some places use it to promote
environmental responsibility, like Iceland's "premium tap water" campaign encouraging
visitors to go plastic-free.
● Other places create events or festivals to attract visitors, like Austin, Texas, with its
famous SXSW music festival.

Third Point: New Zealand in the Spotlight

● A tourist from New Zealand (NZ) was detained in Kazakhstan because immigration
officials mistakenly thought NZ was part of Australia.
● This incident highlights a debate in NZ about their national flag.
● Some New Zealanders want a new flag because the current one includes a symbol of
British colonialism and can be confused with Australia's flag.
● Others believe the current flag represents NZ's history and shouldn't be changed.
 ● In 2015-2016, a public vote was held to choose a new flag, but the majority preferred to
keep the existing one.

Fourth Point: Food as Diplomacy

● The concept of using food to influence and connect with other countries is called
gastrodiplomacy.
● This strategy involves promoting a country's cuisine through events, social media, and
showcasing their culinary professionals.
● Gastrodiplomacy is not new, but the term itself is recent.
● It can be used to improve a country's image, attract tourists and investment, and create
national pride in its food culture.
● Social media plays a big role in gastrodiplomacy by connecting with people who enjoy
food and travel.
Additional Details (from your request):
● The rejected flag designs in the NZ debate included some lighthearted options like a
"Laser Kiwi."
● There was a moment of diplomatic awkwardness during a US official visit to India when
a menu intended to please the visitor did not include their preferred food choices.

Global Thai Program

The Global Thai Program is a successful example of a country using food to promote itself
internationally. Here are the key points:
● Started in 2002 by the Thai government.
● Goal: Increase the number of Thai restaurants worldwide.
● Methods:
○ Created pre-designed restaurant plans for investors.
○ Researched local tastes around the world.
○ Trained chefs at foreign restaurants.
○ Offered loans for opening Thai restaurants abroad.
○ Awarded "Thai Select" to restaurants with high quality and authenticity (US focus
initially).
● Results:
○ Increased number of Thai restaurants worldwide (from 5,500 to over 15,000).
○ Increased tourism and exports for Thailand.
● Current Focus: Expanding the program to new regions like the Middle East.
This program shows how food can be a powerful tool for cultural exchange and economic
growth.

The Global Hansik (Korean food) Campaign

● Goal - make korean food ⅕ most popular cuisine by 2017
● Start - 2008, Chang Tae-pyung (SK Minister of Food, Agriculture, Forestry)
 ● Restaurants- cultural centers
● Cooks- promoter of “korean brand”
Cocina Peruana Para el Mundo (Peruvian Cuisine)
● Web based campaign
● Peru to compete in World Culinary Awards
● 2023 - Peru won

Malaysia Kitchen for the World

● Start 2010
● Educate and inform British about inspiring malaysian cuisine

Taste of Taiwan
● Aim - making Taiwan food popular
● Systematic way of promoting (home and abroad)

Pyongyang Restaurant
● Owned by North Korea's government
● Rare glimpse of the nation’s reclusive culture

Sixth point:
Ninjas
● Ninja- based on myth
● 1st international research center, Iga,
● Traditional warfare
● Secretive neighborhood “Shinobi”(in secret)
● Shinobi - secret person
● 16th century- shinobi = carrying out activities in secret
● 2 different shinobis
● Challenge - separating real and fake ninja
● Ninja myth start - underappreciated japanese warrior class (year 1615)
18th century ninjas
● Spying techniques
● Woodblock prints, people dressed in black to assasinate
20th century ninjas
● Iga - land of ninjas
● Shuriken from drawings → weapons
● Museum, novels, films
● 1962film “Shinobi no Mono” - portray everything ninja related
- black robes, weapons, secrecy, superhuman martial arts, selfless sacrifice (typical)
Ninjas Wanted
● Hire full time ninja to promote tourism
● New hired ninjas - 1500usd/month + one-year contract
● Acrobatics, shurikens, photographs
● Japanese=speak, non-speaking japanese=perform in english
 ● Athletic, dance moves
● Now ninja= history books or fiction
●

LOST AND FONT

Typography 🎨👩‍🎨👨‍🎨: Art of designing the parts of letters in a language

Printing press 📠 :
- Invented by Johannes Gutenberg
- 15th century
- Year 1440

Roman typeface 📠:
- Year 1470
- Invented by Nicolas Johnson
- inspired by Italian Humanist lettering and blackletter

📠
Italic typeface :
- Invented by Aldus Manutius
- Year 1501

Old style📠:
- To mimic handwritting
- Invented by William Calson
- Year 1734

Transitional typeface 📠
:
- Invented by John Baskerville
- Year 1757

’Modern’ Roman typeface 📠

:
- Invented by Firmin Didot and Giambattista

The first Egyptian / Slab Serif📠 :

- Invented by Vincent Figgins
- Year 1815
- Has villian : Sans Serif ( first one created by William Caslon : “Two lines English
Egyptian” )

Sans-Serif typeface for London’s Underground system 📠

- Invented by Edward Johnson
- Year 1916
First sans-serif typeface📠
- Invented by William Caslon
- Year 1816
- used for London Underground

📠
First full-time type designer / creates Copperplate Gothic and Goudy Old Style
- Frederic Goudy

Helvetica 📠
- Invented by Max Miedinger
- Year 1957

Some famous san serif fonts are 💻:

● Paul Renner’s ‘Futura’
● Herman Zap’s ‘Optima’

📠
First digital typeface : Digi Grotesk
- Invented by Rudolf Hell
- Year 1968
- Small but geometric

📠
Outline (Vector) fonts
- Year 1974

Truetype fonts📠 :
- Invented by Apple
- Year late 1980’s

Open type fonts 📠:

- Allows cross platform use on pcs and Macs
- Year 1997

📠
First font ever
- Invented by CSS program
- Year 1998
- Taught font language : size, color, mark, italic, bold

Web Fonts 📝
- Made with the release of Internet Explorer 4

The Web Open Font Format ( WOFF ) :

- Year 2009
- added to W3C
 ● Everyone can make a font from whatever computer they desire
● All major browsers adopt support for WOFF ( 2011 )
● Adopts variable fonts ( 2016 )

Historical Font Change :

- 2016 OpenType update
● Fonts can have different variants regarding size and shape
● Font in other languages than English

Changing of font for Microsoft :

- Microsoft : biggest tech companies, Office that made Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook,
WordPad
- CHANGES :
● Arial and New Times Roman ——> Calibri ( by Lucas de Groot )

5 Microsoft’s tester five fonts

- Grandview, Seaford, Skeena, Bierstadt , and Tenorite ( BIerstadt won )

BIerstadt
- Invented by Colorado Matterson
- Changed to ‘Aptos after a rural town in California

LONDON UNDERGROUND’S MINOR FONT CHANGE :

- A unique transit system of railways in London
- Made by Edward Johnston
- One of the most simplest sans serif
- In 1970’s , Ecchi Kono upgraded typeface ( minor change, cannot be seen by a virgin
eye )

Head of Transport of London —> Jon Hunter

Difference between SERIF and SANS-SERIF

- Serif : Small tags in a letter
- Sans-Serif : No small tags in a letter

U.S department of State changing its Default Font :

- January 2023,
● Secretary of State Antony Blinken : transition from Times New Roman —>Calibri

Forensic Font Expert

- Forensic : using science to prove things on court
- Forgery : Fake a certificate / signature
● can be detected by forensics expert using digital microscope
● THOMAS PHINNEY : uncovers forgeries
The backlash against self checkout :
- Reduce labor costs
- Why did it stopped? : misidentificatioin

The invention of the barcode

- Barcode : way to represent visual data in a way machine can read
- 1947, Woodland gets the idea of barcode and won the National Medal of Technology
- Used ultraviolet ink
- Morse code was the reference idea
- Barcodes original form \
● Shaped like bullseye
● Took 10 years jump to find a proper way to scan the barcode

LASER :
L - Light
A - Amplification
S - Stimulated
E - Emission of
R - Radiation

Amazon Go! :
- Walk out the store, items paid olredi
- The more the purchase, the better the AI is on finding out what product you’ve taken

QR codes :
- Two dimensional barcodes : Black squares
- Quick Respond
- Originally made for Japanese automobile company
- Anne Theriault : complained about QR
● QR catch up with your traffic on the websites
1. Ruins communal aspect with people u dinner with
2. QR menus have security risks
3. Physical menus serve as actual history
4. Aesthetic !
CHEMS PART!!???

Remapping the present

Telegraph
- originated in the 18th century
- By the last years in 18th century the
- Samuel Morse began working on his version in 1832 by developing Morse Code in 1835
- Presented to congress in 1838 and got help for his ideas
- In 1843, Morse built a telegraph line from Washington DC to Baltimore
- First message was “What hath God wrought” , sent a year later lol
- First transcontinental (crosses continent) line was built by Western Union in 1861
- Almost all communication was done by the telegraph by the early 20th century
- Biggest comp was Western Union ofc
- operated 100,000 miles of wire in 1866 and was valued at over 40M dollars
- The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 was created to limit Western Unions monopoly by granting
the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to reduce the rate of telegraphs.
- By 1934 the use of telegraph was reduced due to the introduction of phones and radios
- In 1850s, there were expectations that the telegraph would erase national rivalries and
cause world peace
- However, before it became popular, people had little faith in it.
- Eg. The US Congress rejected the telegraph on multiple occasions, even after the
Baltimore-Washington DC lines were built and proven to be useful.

Ino Tadataka
- Japanese cartographer ( map maker )
- made the FIRST COMPLETE map of Japan
- Worked at the Ino family sake brewery until he retired at age 49
- To learn astronomy, geography and mathematics
- After 5 years of studying, the Tokugawa shogunate allowed him to survey all
- of Japan
- Spent more than 10 years surveying almost 40,000 km of land
- divided his work in 10 surveys
- First survey- 5 people, covered most of Hokkaido region
- Second survey- 3000 km, entire Eastern coast of Japan
- Fifth survey- 19 people, 7000 km
- 8th survey- 13,000 km in 914 days
- By that time he as 70 yrs old ( TOO OLD DAWGG)
- The fullmap of the coastline was not completed by his death but was completed by a
surveying team in 1821
- same year Dai Nihon Enkai Yochi Zenzu ( Map of Japan’s coastal area) was published.
9 Oldest maps in the world

1) Stabo’s map
- Geographica- geographical encyclopedia made by the Greek philosopher + historian
Stabo
- Chose to provide history off people living there
- Became a standard in some parts of the Byzantine empire
- Depicts the known world to the Greeks and Romans at the time today
- imp. For historians

2) Eratosthene’s map
- Known as father of geography
- created detailed maps using his knowledge of math and astronomy
- During his time s chief librarian, he wrote a book called Geography
- Mapped the world into 5 climate zones
- has accurate locations of over 4000 cities
- First person to put map on grid

3) Hecateus’ map
- in a. Book called Periodos ges
- features his map and information on people of Europe
- Inspired by Anaximander
- lived in same city and was credited with creating the FIRST EVER world map
- Comlpex ver. Of anaximanders map!

4) Anaximander’s map
- Known as first world map
- No copy of the map exists
- Shows the mediterranean sea, the black sea, The nile, lake Maeotis, the Phasis river
(Rioni) , Europe, Asia and Libya

5) Babylonian map of the world

- Clay tablet that contains the known world at the time as well as short desc. Written in
cuneiform
- Features 2 outer circles as well as borders as well as Euphrates river flowing from north
to south
- the city of babylon along the river, some other mesopotamian cities, a mountain and
ocean labeled as “ bitter river “
 6) Turin papyrus map
- oldest known topographical map
- created by Egyptian scribe Amennakhte
- cause Ramesses IV wanted to dig Bekhen stone from Wadi Hammamat to build statues
of himself
- Features 15 km of wadi Hammamat, a gold mine, settlement at Bir Fawakhir
- first known geological map

7) Abauntz Lamizulo rock map

- petroglyph on a small rock in the Abauntz Lamizulo cave in Western Spain
- discovered in 1994
- 15 years to decipher
- could either potray:
1) a map of region outside the cave
2) a plan for hunt
3) the story of a hunt that alrdy happened
- San Gregorio mountain confirms it is a map of the region
8) Lascaux cave star map
- are supposed to be constellations
- According to Dr. Michael Rappengueck- some of the dots in an area known as the shaft
of the dead man respond with modern constellations
- Chantal Jegues Wolkiewiez- believes that the great hall in the ave was actually an
extensive star map (??)

9) Mammoth tusk map

- Oldest known map in the world
- comes from the village of Pavlov in the Czech Republic
- markings on tusk are thought to represent the region at the time
- coulved been used as hunting map as well
- tusk is now stored in the city of Brno in Czech Republic
Globe projections
There are many advantages to using a globe over a map:
1. accurately represents the earth’s curved surface
2. Distances and positions are easier to measure
3. easier to use to explain phenomena such as day and night, seasons, and the earth’s
rotation.
4. Globes have a singular scale in comparison to maps which can vary from point to point.

- disadvantages:
1) impractical to carry

- 4 main properties that a map can choose to preserve:

1) area
2) shape
3) direction
4) distance
- impossible to preserve both area and shape in the same map.
- distortion in a map can be visualized using Tissot's Indicatrix
- which uses circles of equal area to show distortion

1) Mercator projection
- made by Geradus Mercator in 16th century
- inaccurate at the poles in terms of size
- leading to misconceptions such as greenland

2) Transverse Mercator projection

- cylinder rotated 90 degrees
- useful for mapping long places such as North America
- reduces distortion with areas with itte east-west extent
- distortion increases as u get further away from the meridien

3) Miller cyindrical projection

- modified ver. Of the mercator projection
- developed by Osborn Maitland mILLER IN 1942
- MINIMIZE DISTORTION BY SQUISHING POE AREAS
- used In most map services today
4) Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
- Best for Mapping wide regions such as US
- used for aeronautical charts and navigation ue to it being
orthomorphic

5) Albers equal area conic projection

- good for mapping ide places such as US
- used for thematic maps such as population maps or land use

6) Azimuthal equidistant projection

- centered on one of the poles
- often used for maps of the poles as well as for radio and
telecommunications planning
- Flat earthers love this

7) Stereographic projection
- both azimuthal and conformal
- often used for making polar maps and star chars

8) Orthographic projection
- azimuthal projection that potrays on hemisphere of the earth
- makes it look 3d
- often used for art cause aesthetically pleasing

9) Sinusoidal projecttion/Sanson- Fleed projection

- also known as Sanson Fleed projection
- equal area pseucyindrical projection that minimizes East-west distortion
- often used for maps that need accurate area representation such as climate and
vegetation maps
10) Mollweide Projection
- pseucylindrical
- attempts to balance area and shape distortion

11) Equal Earth map projection

- newly made in 2018 by Tom Patterson, Bernhard Jenny and Bojan Savric
- response to the need for an aesthetically appealing equal area map for issues such as
climate change and deforestation
- Inspired by robinson projection but BETER accuracy
- Avoids minsconceptions developed by the mercator
projection sice it is less disorted

12) Goode Homolosine projection

- desinged to minimize distortion
- looks like aninterruped globe
- has unique shape

13) Robinson Projection

- developed by Arthur H Robinsonin 1963
- Used by National geographic until 1998 due to its
aesthetic appeal and relative accuracy

14) Winkel Tripel projection

- developed by Oswalk Winkel in 1921
- one of the best compromise projections today
- used by Nat. Geography
 15) AuthaGraph projection
- dividing the globe into 96 triangles and then
arranging tthem in an unflded tetrahedron (
triangle pyramid)

Google maps

● At a tech conference (Fortune's Brainstorm Tech), a Google executive (Prabhakar

Raghavan) noticed a trend.
● Younger users are finding information differently than older users.
● Social media apps are being used more for searching for things like restaurants and
products.
● This is a challenge for Google's search engine and maps app, which are designed in a
more traditional way.
● Google wants to update their products to be more appealing to younger users.
● introduced ai to analyze videos to recommend and time stamps

Pictures of Earth

1) Blue marble
- taken during the Apollo 17 mission - last manned mission to the moon
- Has become a symbol of world peace and harmony = first photo showing the whole
earth as a single entity.
- astronaut scott kelly said that this picture is really difficult to capture
- sun needs to b behind u and its difficult to get the right angle when travlling at such high
speeds
- It showed Earth whole, without the grid lines found on most maps by geographers like
Denis Cosgrove.
- It placed Africa in the center, which was different from most maps at the time. This shift
away from Eurocentric views challenged traditional mapping conventions.
- This image became a symbol of unity and our shared environment, rather than focusing
on any one country.
- It was used to raise awareness about protecting our planet, appearing on the cover of
James Lovelock's book Gaia and in the opening sequence of Al Gore's An Inconvenient
Truth.
 - Later versions, called Blue Marble: Next Generation, were created using many pictures
stitched together from space by NASA in the 1990s.
- This photo is considered a special kind of art because it shows us something vast and
awe-inspiring, a concept explored by art historians like Elizabeth A. Kessler.

2) Pale blue dot

- taken by Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1990
- idea and terms came from Carl Sagan, asronomy prof. At Cornell uni
- Lisa Kaltenegger said that the picture shows earth as breathakingly beauiful and fragile,
urging us to take care of it.
- in feb 1990, the voyager took 3 pics of earth and then shut down permenantly to
conserve energy
- idea of Sagan’ s widow, Ann Druyan ( creative director on the Voyager 1’s interstellar
message the Golden Record)
- Druan and sagan wrote a book : Pale blue dot: a vision of the Human future in Space
- wrote a poetic paragraph

3) AFRICA DARKEST CONTINENT

- Shows that africa has almost no city lights and least develped continent
- taken by a new NOAA ( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assosition) satelte
- revealed at a news confernce: American Geophysial Unon Meeting
- Nasa used VIIRS to take da pic : Visible infared Imaging Radiometer Suite
- 2 least lit countries: africa and south america

Time zones

Daylight savings time (DST)

- Most Americans Don't Love Changing Clocks: Polls by CBS News, The Associated
Press, and Langer Research found many people dislike switching between standard
time and DST.
- Two Choices, No More Daylight: There's no scientific evidence DST actually creates
more sunlight. It's about when we prefer sunlight - evenings (DST) or mornings
(standard time).
- Some States Opt Out: Places like Arizona and Hawaii skip DST because it wouldn't be
helpful in their climates.
 - Standardization vs. State Choice: The Uniform Time Act of 1966, championed by
Senator Warren Magnuson, created consistent time zones across the US to avoid
confusion, especially before automatic clocks. Senator Marco Rubio wants states to
choose their own time system.
- DST for Energy Saving? Maybe Not: Attempts to use DST for energy conservation
during World War II and the 1970s energy crisis had mixed results. People generally
preferred standard time after those periods.
- Health Effects Unclear: Studies on DST's health effects show some pros (fewer car
accidents, robberies) and cons (more heart attacks at the switch).

Overall, there's no clear consensus on DST in the US. People dislike changing clocks, but there
are mixed views on which time system to stick with

A) Health consequences
Here's a simpler breakdown of a sleep study by scientists including Matthew Walker:

● Sleep Deprivation: People tend to sleep less on the western side of a time zone,
because sunsets are later.
● Health Effects: Less sleep might be linked to more health problems, like obesity and
heart disease.
● Economic Effects: Less sleep might also be linked to lower wages.
● Sunshine vs. Sleep: People on the west side get more evening daylight, which they
might enjoy, but it could come at a cost to their health and wallets.

This study suggests location within a time zone can affect sleep and health, but more research
is needed to understand the whole picture.

B) Chinse time zones

- China is a large country that spans many east-west degrees.
- This means different parts of China experience sunshine at different times.
- Officially, all of China uses the same time zone, called Beijing Time.
- This was decided for practical reasons and to promote national unity.
- Some western regions in China may use unofficial local times in daily life due to the
difference in sunrise and sunset times compared to Beijing.
- Farmers also use their own times
- so does Hong Kong and Macau
- Before the People’s Republic of China, the country used 5 separate time zones. After the
PRC, they used DST for a little bit and then dropped it because it was inconvenient.
Crimes that tech prevents

Washington DC metro gates

- Fort Trotten metro station is currently testing 2 new designs1) for their fare gates in
order to make it harder for people to jump over their gates
- 1) make their gates taller
- 2) put half circles on the consoles to make it harder for them to jump

New York subway gates

- Quemuel Arroyo of Metropolitan Transportation Authority has said that despite a lot
of “piggybackers”(people that enter without paying), their new wider gates have been a
success.
- allow people with big luggages to go thru
- a lot more luggage bringer pay for entry
- currently also researching ways to create gates to avoid fare beating

UK Speed limiters
- sets a max speed for the vehicle that is set by the driver
- can be overridden but will notify the driver if goes over speed
- Isn't perfect and sometimes gives false signals or doesn't respond when it should
- include:
- 1) auto emergency braking tech
- 2) data loggers
- 3) a driver fatigue detection system
- 4) lane keeping assist
- 5) breathalyzers
Free public transport in cities

1) Melbourne
- requires a Myki card
- Inner city melbourne= trams are free
- causes more problem cause overcrowded lol

2) Luxembourg
- In 2020, Luxembourg made all public transport free to use.
- Yet, car use still hasnt dropeeddddd
- There are two main reasons for this:
- Convenience: Free rides aren't enough if public transport isn't frequent, reliable,
or goes where people need.
- Commuters: About 40% of workers in Luxembourg live outside the country and
likely drive to work no matter what Luxembourg does.

3) Tallinn 9 the capital of Estonia)

- Mayor of tallinn - Edgar Savisaar introduced free public transport for all residents of
tallinn in 2013
- city claimed that it earned them 20m euros every year
- in order to us, need to be a registered resident ( gov. Gets to cut off 1k euro of ur
monthly income)
- Allan Alakula siid part f the motivation was a publicity stunt for EDGAR but some were
for residents <3
- Hessalt ( belgium) and ciy of augbagne in Fance both tried but FAILED since they
became financially unstable

History ofglass
- first glass was obsidian ( black) , not see through and was used to make weapons and
jewelery
- first man-made glas was from Mesopotamia and egypt
- back then very slow to make it until Syrian craftsmen invented he blowpipe

Here's a simplified timeline of glass making with inventors and important dates:

● Romans (early empire): Made the first window glass, although it wasn't very clear.
 ● Early Christianity (hundreds of years after Romans): Stained glass became a
popular art form for churches.
● 17th century (Britain): Developed a method for blowing large cylinders of glass that
were flattened for windows. The first American glass factory used this method.
● 1674 (Britain): Crown glass was invented, a clearer and finer type of glass made by
blowing and spinning a glass bubble.
● 1834 (Germany): The cylinder method was invented, allowing for larger sheets of glass.
● 1904 (Emile Fourcault) & 19?? (Irving Colburn): Developed a similar process for
drawing large sheets of glass from molten glass.
● 1903 (Edouard Benedictus): Accidentally invented laminated glass, which is much
safer due to a plastic layer between the glass sheets.
● 1959 (Alastair Pilkington): Invented the float glass method, which is still the most
common way to make glass today. It uses molten tin to create large, flat sheets of glass.

Open spaces in education (LAST)

1) OPEN CLASSROOMS IN aus

- A new school in Melbourne has big rooms with 2 classes separated by a large pole.
Students can move between the classes freely.
- In one case, a teacher's voice couldn't be heard over the noise from the other class.
- Some states in Australia are building big classrooms for many students at once.
- The idea is these big spaces can be good for both large group activities and smaller
group work.

Here's a simpler way to understand the challenges of open classrooms:

● Lots of activity can make it hard to learn. With multiple classes happening in one
room, it can be tough for students to concentrate on their own work.
● Noise can be a problem. Open spaces can get loud, which can make it hard to hear the
teacher. This can be especially true for students who have trouble hearing or processing
sounds.

Open schools in US
Here's a simpler explanation of the open education movement in the US:

● In the 1960s and 70s, some educators thought students learned better when they had
more freedom to choose what they studied and how they learned.
● Larry Cuban said this was because they felt traditional teaching stifled creativity.
 ● Benjamin Orr Elementary in Washington DC is an example of an open school that tried
this approach.
● The school had large classrooms where multiple grades could work on different things at
the same time.
● Some teachers, like Carolyn Jackson King and Marlon Ray, liked this because it
encouraged collaboration.
● Other teachers, like Tomiko Ball, found it too noisy and distracting.
● Eventually, the open classroom design fell out of favor because of concerns about noise
and learning.
● However, the idea of teachers working together and students having more choice in their
learning is still around today.

Harkness table
- Harkness discussions were born in Philip Exeter Academy
● Harkness discussions are a teaching style where students sit around a table and have a
conversation about a topic.
● The idea is for everyone to participate and share ideas.
● However, some students find it stressful because they feel pressured to talk quickly.
● This can make it hard for some students to think and contribute thoughtfully.
● Some students also suggest ways to improve Harkness discussions, like focusing on
fewer topics and allowing students to draw charts or diagrams.

This text focuses on the potential drawbacks of Harkness discussions, but it's also worth noting
that some students may find them engaging.

-
NOSTRADAMUS 0, NOSTALGIA 1!1!1!!
nostradamus means french astrologer who makes hidden messages and ppl dont know what the messages
actually mean …

19th Century French Artists Predicted The World Of The Future In Series Of Postcards
French artist Jean-Marc Côté and other artists illustrate pics based on Jules Verne (fiction writer from 100
years go)’s writings where he imagined the future - Voyages Extroadinaires in 1899. Illustrations were
discovered by Isaac Asimov

Voyages Extroadinaires -
- Written by Jules Verne
- Collection with 55 novels
- contains “20,000 Leagues Under The Sea” and “Around The World In 80 Days”

In The Year 2889

- Also written by jules
- Future which jules imagined

First series of illustrations were distributed on cigarette/cigar boxes @ 1900 World Exhibition Paris,,
pics were later distributed by isaac asimov who wrote the book “futuredays” in 1986

Postcards include:
- Transcribing machine (converts speech to text)
- Video calling (through a projector)
- Microscope projectors or smth (make microscope or telescope stuff bigger to see better)
- bot barbers (insudtrial revolution france - 19th century)
- bot make-up artist & hairdresser
- bot tailor
- Conductor controlling all robot orchestra(miss adrin would love cuz ppl keep quitting LMAO
- 3D printing houses using bots
- Bot farmers
- Books r being put into kids brains at school( a bit literally)
- Chefs LITERALLY making meat from robots in the kitchen (GROSSS
- Planes for ppl like mailmen to send mail faster and more ez
- Ppl riding sea animals under the sea
- Machine to develop eggs into chicks
- Radium fireplace wow

BERFIKIR POSITIF TERHADAP MASA HADAPAN!!!

A lot of ppl have been depressed cuz of global warming & politics, thinking its the end of the world, but it
might not be so we should think positive (the world is still ending tho
Reasons why u should look up to a bright future:
1. Humans have progressed well
some reasons why we cant accept a better future, is because we dont have enough faith in
progress — the force that got us out of shitting in pits cuz now we have toilets

2. ai is still stopable before they take over the world

3. Global deforestation is decreasing, reusable energy is cheaper, gas sales are dropping + coal is
dying in many countries (based on Our World in Data)
4. Most of the negaitivity comes from negative news (related to our natural negativity bias) so we
should look more to the bright side for the better
5. Food security is getting better
6. We should view the end of the world as a cycle from creation to destruction to recreation (just like
how ppl rose from the ashes of a genocide in the past …

Psychohistory
interpret historic events by looking at psychological theory — theories of human behaviour and why we do
this blabla like that

Steampunk
Science fiction genre which is historical and got steam-powered tech (technology that doesnt use electricity but
uses steam and its giving old and clockwork like

Cyberpunk
Dystopian futuristic which is a combo of low-life and high tech (WATCH CYBERPUNK EDGERUNNERSSS

Metaverse
Network/cyberspace where ppl connect, interact online. Kinda like vr world and u can customize your
avatar stuff like that

Rocketmail
DELIVERING MAIL WITH ROCKET/MISSILE (be so fr) the package was supposed to be shot out and

🤣
then land with a parachute , many countries & organisations tried this but it never became and actual way
to deliver cuz it was too expensive + it failed too much

Flying car (dari kecik weh dengar pasal ni tak jadi lagi
Already exist, and 1 or 2 have already started flying (based on CEO of flying car company Alef
Aeronautics — Jim Dukhovny) but the public cant ride these cars yet becuz flying car companies have to
make sure that these cars can fly based on laws made today (so its safe aswell)

Hyperloop (concept by elon musk)

High-speed transportation system using capsules with an air-bearing surface (low-friction basically)
inside low-pressure tube soo whatever is inside goes superrrrr fast (ULTRA HIGH SPEEDSS)

Supersonic transport (SST)

Travelling at speeds faster than sound. These transport are no longer in service
Eg of sst - Concorde & Tupolev Tu-144

Nuclear propulsion
- Propulsion - action of pushing forward
- Basically pushing something by using nuclear energy as power source
some aircraft carriers (ship caring aircrafts) & submarines use uranium nuclear reactor so they dont have
to fuel for long periods

Tomorrowland | Museum of the Future | “World of Tomorrow” (1939)

Super big fair with like a ton of buildings. Closed because of huge losses (money) but some buildings are
still there to this day. Showcased certain aspects in the modern life. futuristic themed, with big displays
and also showcasing new consumer products (eg tv, aircond, color film..)

Boeing Future of Flight

Aka future of flight aviation center is a museum + education centre in mukilteo, washington.
start point for the Boeing Tour (a tour showing the boeing factory). Here, u can look at mock-ups and
history of passenger experience in boeing + video presentations. You can also see full-size models of
engines, jet aircraft components & see how planes are made

Farming for the Future

Explore how new tech and practises can increase crops + reduce negative affects to climate
Located @ canada agricultural museum (this place looks like its more for kids btw ..)
Can get on a life-sized tractor!! Digitally control a simulated tractor!!

Crystal Palace
Iron and glass structure @ Hyde Park, held the Great Exhibition 1851. Almost burnt down, but then got
demolished in 1941, to avoid it being targeted by German bombers (old days man). Included indoor parks,
sport venue, concert hall + exhibition displaying history of civilisation. The building represented the
maximum of human potential

American National Exhibition (Moscow, 1959)

Exhibit of american art, fashion, carss, model homes, capitalism, futuristic kitchens etc @ Sokolniki Park,
moscow. Took place for 6 weeks, to show American lifestyle to soviets + impressed Muscovites (ppl in
moscow lmao) AND this event was part of an exchange program with soviets (even tho they’re like
enemies?? man) this also started a kitchen debate between Richard Nixon (US vice pres) & Nikita

😂
Kruschkev (USSR Leader) abt whether most of the kitchen appliances americans use were rlly necessary

Airplane restraunts
Aircrafts turned into restaurants (they’re dont fly anymore btw)
Eg: El Avión Restaurant and Bar @ a jungle in Costa Rica where u can dine and learn abt history
Some restaurants use aircrafts that are actually taken from war loong time ago (like El Avion) but other
restaraunts just use a plane and make it a restaraunt

Solvang
- American town wanting to be dutch
- full of dutch culture & history, eg windmills, traditional danish buildings, they even celebrate
events like Danish Days where they celebrate their danish heritage

Belize Mennonites
- Mennonites - reject life of wifi and technology and decide to live like they’re farmers in the old
day 24/7 (but their life looks peaceful tho)
 - A lot of people among the belize arent good in their studies cuz only 5% completed secondary
education…
- Belize mennonites live like they’re in their own world. Eg: u could be living the life of someone
in the 1950s, ridin horses to school and still be using digital cameras to take pictures like wow

“neo-Luddites”
- People who reject technology in a way , named by Ned Ludd (some english worker who didnt
like weaving machines and tried destroying them)
- “neo-Luddism” / modern Luddism - movement of rejecting technology & networks completely
- Nowadays, luddism is more like trying to escape the government surveillance eg:
- Protesting against (genetically) modified organisms aka plants modified to be better for our health
- Protest against nuclear

Tech-savvy Amish
Amish people use technology but dont let tech use them. They limit their use to only necessity. Using tech
could be the end of the amish, but they follow a set of rules so they arent going too far with it

Ordnung - set of rules that forbids Amish from buying some stuff (eg cars)
Black-box phone - landline phoen converted to a mobile phone amish ppl use cuz they can’t use actual
phones , they plug this into automobile cigarette lighter

Communities should worry abt people not using tech to the point where they dont have the bare minimum
like no electricty/ no way to connect with the world in case of emergency
They should also keep basic knowledge in history

The 1950s / the boom

Year of big events
After ww2, US had big military, booming economy, start of racism & the start of women only staying @
home

Stuff that happened during boom & Causes

Racism - GI Bill (smth that made it cheaper to buy houses) & how it denied million black veteran soldiers

Women decide to stay home. - magazines published during the boom encouraged women to stay home

Civil rights movement - African Americans fighting for their rights but they’re held back by Jim Crow
laws (they cannot enter white-only spaces) + Rosa Parks fights back by not giving her seat to a white
woman on bus, causes boycott of public bus by other blacks (nonviolent resistance)

The Korean War - separating the north (soviet) and south (western) korea and getting rid of the military
between those areas

Black Belt by Archibald Motley

Shows black culture in america
The twilight sky was the main point

Family Home - Suburban Exterior by Howard Arkley

shows the australian suburban experience
was made as a stamp (Australia Post 2003) & book cover for short stories by barry

Master Plan - Chad Wright

postwar American suburbia
literally just a ton of same houses made with sand by the beach giving dreamcore — symbol for the
American dream

Little Boxes - Malvina Reynolds (weeds theme song)

Malvina Reynolds (american blues/folk songwriter + political activist)
og name: was malvina milder
bday: 23/8/1900
pob: San Francisco
parents : Jew immigrants (they hated ww1
Had a kid nancy
Earned bachelor + Masters of Arts in English + doctorate @california (Berkeley)
Began songwriting in late 40s
film biography “Love it Like a Fool” few years b4 she died

Song is abt people growing up and now everyone is just ticky tacky (we r all the same)
box colours : pink green blue yellow

Life in the Suburbs - Leonard Koscianski

- Oil on canvas
- Surreal look with an artist looking out the window, a woman reading to a child, woman gardening
(at night??), dog climbing over fence to look at a delivery truck, and yoga class and a bunch of
other activities happening in the back

Setora guruhi - Sen Borsan

meaning “if u go”. lyrics carry meaning of grief when loosing loved one

Mexico today and tomorrow - Diego Rivera

- Visualise history of Mexico
- Theme : difficulties experienced by the common ppl of Mexico
- Peasants work hard to go through hell caused by rich rulers who dgaf abt them

Comrade Lenin cleanses earth of filth - Viktor Deni

- abt war propaganda
- Depicts Vladimir Lenin leader of Soviet Union sweeping away figures representing capitalism,
imperialism (colonize) + “other enemies of the state”

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud - William Wordswroth

Lonely poet gains inspo after seeing a dancing crowd pass by him (he likes being lonely)

To a Skylark - Percy Bysshe

- Type of poem - ode(traditionally praises subject)
- theme : nature & human spirit
- Celebrates the beauty & freedom of skylark (untouched by the cares of the world)
- describes beautiful and peaceful nature + we should be like the joyful skylark

To Autumn - John Keats

- Also an ode
- First stanza : describe autumn as close friend; sense of warmth, fulfillment
- Second stanza : activities of the season; sense of peacefulness, harmony w nature
 - Last stanza : more reflective; progression of time, coming of winter; melancholy aspects of
autumns end

Poem in October - Dylan Thomas

- Reflection on life when celebrating his 30th bday on October morning @ hometown (Swansea,
Wales)
- Despite hin being young & easy he is also aware of passing of time and unescapable death
- Poem celebrating life & beauty of the natural world
- Themes : memory, mortality, passage of time

Main Street - Joyce Kilmer

- Nostalgic poem where writer admires the beauty & thinks of Main Street as a pleasant familiar
place
- Main street = tranquil peaceful place where ppl can admire things slowly + community with
culture & heritage + small town
Writing a poem is all I can do for you - Wu Sheng
man misses his childhood and he’s sad future gens can’t see it cuz of pollution and he feels depressed
because he can only write this useless poem that makes other ppl more depress

A Song on the End of the World - Czeslaw Milosz

- Reflects on destruction & devastation wrought by war
- Lament (grief/complain) for loss of innocent lives + proclamation of resilience of human spirit in
face of tragedy
- Child’s laughter when playing in bombed out city = the bell of a lost war
- Message: there is always joy in midst of destruction

Nostalgia - Gianina Braschi

- “Nostalgia is a fruit with the pain of distance as its seed”
- Cause for nostalgia is distance
- Metaphorical - nostalgia as fruit
- Emotional - pain of distance in its seed
- Cyclic - seed implies growth + regen
- Reflection on human experience - captures a universal aspect of the human exp

Elegy - Mong-Lan
- Explore intersection of time, hope & unpredictiablity of life
- Hope comes into our lives suddenly & brings unexpected changes (Hope& Unexpected changes)
- Even if there are physical distances, spesker expresses longing for possibility of serendipitous
moments that could bridge the distance (Serendipity/luck & Connecrion)
- “Even if the eons lined up out of order” = disruption in the flow of tine (there are some moments
that transcend (overpass) the typical chronological order of events) (Temporal Disruption)
- “What are years if not measured by trees” contemplation of time by looking at nature; contrast
human view of time (Nature as a Measure of Time)

Chicago Zen - A.K Ramanujan

poet's conflict between his Indian sound and modern American culture he encountered in Chicago, he
turns to zen budhhism seeking solutions to his confusions of existence
The Dreamy Age - Muhammad Shanazar
Poet would give anything to relive childhood where there was no pollution and play in nature

Iron bird - Zheng Xiaoqiong

- Poignant (regret), deeply moving; reflects on experience of living in rapidly changing &
industrializing (developing) world
- Iron bird: modern tech & progress, contrasting with the natural world
- “Wings spanning in the sky”: sense of wonder, also feeling on unease & displacement
- Iron bird changed the landscape into a “concrete jungle”; nature struggles to survive here
- Old customs & beliefs are being swept away by progress, leaving behind loss& nostalgia
- However, hope is shown thru the writers determination to hold things that are most important “I
will not let go of the earth”
Moral: We should stay connected to nature and preserve things that make life meaningful in face of
advancement

That Man Put on a Wool Coat - Vinod Kumar Shookla

- Contemplative & introspective, invites readers to reflect
Intimacy & immediacy - reader is experiencing what the writer does thru the very detailed feel of
putting on a coat
- He then recalls moments from his memories: the sound of his mother’s voice + the feel of his
childhood home. Memories are interwoven with the present → sense of continuity between past
& present
- Theme of identity: act of putting on wool → self-definition act
Moral: even simple moments can be filled with meaning if we take the time to fully experience it

Ode to Sock - Pablo Neruda

- Celebrates beauty and wonder of a simple pair of socks
- Uses imagery & playful language
- Despite the humble origins of materials of the sock, they are described beautifully – showcasing
admiration

A Long Dress - Gertrude Stein

- Repetition: emphasize beauty & significance of dress + showing obsession of speaker
- Fragmentation, abstract: “a long pure time”, “a long very long time” repeating ; sense of
eternity/timelessness
- wordplay : identity, perception; the dress is not just an object but a necessity

Father’s Old Blue Cardigan - Anne Carson

- reflective , poignant(regret), explores themes of memory loss & passage of time
- Written in fragmented style: short lines create intimacy + nostalgia
- Father’s old blue cardigan = cherished object which holds memories
- As poem progresses, speaker reflects the father’s absence “he is gone”
- The cardigan = reminder of his existence & the love that once surrounded

Fat Southern Men in Summer Suits - Liam Recter

- Vivid imagery & sardonic (sarcastic/mocking)humor
- Fat men wear suits in any weather even summer – shows how they’re jst weird
- These men struggle to reconcile their inner selves with the expectations imposed on them by
society
 - The men are rebelling basically by not following what normal society does
Moral- embrace richness of individuality

The End of The World as We Dont’t Know It

BRIEF HSTORY OF UFOs, FROM SECRET SOVIET WEAPONS TO ALIEN VISITORS
June 25 2021 — US gov released 9 page preliminary report on UFOs , now knows as
UAPs(Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, used to Unidentified Flying Object)

Greg Eghigian - historian of science @ Penn State, spoke to hosts of The Conversation Weekly
- 18th century: western philosophers, scientists & theologians discussed ufos a lot
- 19th century: reports of people seeing “flying ships” overhead like they literally saw
ships/ stuff that float on sea in THE AIR; some people saw steam-powered ships

- Summer 1947:
Kenneth Arnold (pilot) flies small plane near Mount Rainier @ Washington State &
thought he was gonna crash into another aircraft when he saw smth shiny. Turns out he
saw “nine very odd-shaped vessels flying in formation”

He reported to authorities @ nearby airport & eventually talked to some reporters. He

described the things as “they flew like a saucer would if you skipped it across water”.
“Flying saucers” — headline by journalists even tho arnold never mentioned this at all

In 1947 the Air Force set out to find whether UFOs were dangerous to national security, but the
gov drc abt the science of them. A lot of ppl from this time were interested in the mystery of
flying saucers.
What people believed: ufos were secret weapons of US military OR secret weapons/secret
aircrafts of the Soviets

Flying saucer fan clubs in 1950 & 1960 = growth of UFO orgs, + when govs got more secretive
with info it led to conspiracy theories. The gov said in files that most sighting were people
seeing secret airplanes like U2
Luis Elizondo - released 3 SECRET VIDS OF UFOS AS AN INTELLIGENT OFFICER 2017
(this guy crazy…)
Intention of sharing: spread his underrated program he ran for 7 years — a low-key Defense
Department to collect and analyze UFO sightings
Greg Egighan’s response to where was the science part in this → in 1990s there were too many
discoveries of new possibilities of life on other planets that it might be connected to this case

LITTLE GREEN MEN

Reason why aliens are green and hav big heads
August 21 1955 — the Suttons (farm family) came to Hopkinsville balai polis @ southwestern
Kentucky claiming they were contacted by weird creatures and the police found it weird cuz the
suttons are like the ppl who go for guns instead of going to polis for help (12 ppl were invlolved)

STORY
7pm Sunday evening — Billy Ray Taylor (21 yo, family friend of Suttons) was fetching water from
the backyard when he saw a UFO fly over the house silently, then fell to the ground
Obvi the suttons didnt believe him
Then the dog barked, and they checked to see alien (oversized head, arms extended almost to the
ground, hands had talons (claws), oversized yellow glowing eyes) they tried to shoot it but it
flippED and got away

The aliens bothered them for a while (1 tried to touch billys hair but the others pulled him back
and tried to shoot the alien) then after a few more disturbances (1 was in a tree and floated to the
ground then ran away into the woods) they went to polis at 11pm after staying in the house

INVESTIGATION
Polis didnt see any sign of drinking (no liquor in farmhouse) but the gunshots were found.

After polis left, the aliens came back between 2.30am to daybreak. Mrs Lankford said she saw
one by her bedside window

AFTERMATH
A lot of curious ppl came to the farm and criticized the suttons. The family tried charging
admission.
50 sen - entering grounds
$1 - info
$10 - tracking pics
obvi they were called fortune-seeking fabulists
- Isabel Davis: author of Close encounter at Kelly and Others of 1955 (book abt this whole
thing)
Heard descriptions from Mrs Lankford abt its appearance:
“five-gallon gasoline can with a head & small legs. It was shimmering bright metal like
on my refridgerator”

- Bud Ledwith - local radio station employee

Interviewed adult witnesses, made drawings based off of that
He was impressed with how specific the family was even tho they were far from each
other

- Joe Nickell: senior researcher of international Committe for Skeptical Inquiry &
self-styled paranormal investigator
Wrote an article “Siege of the ‘Little Green Man’: The 1955 Kelly, Kentucky Incident”
Believed the ‘little men’ = owls esp the kind that hoot. The silver eyes coud’ve reflected
the moonlight

AFTER
The metallic men were backed by report of an Eastern Kentucky woman seeing flying
saucer & six-foot tall man in green , launching the myth LITTLE GREEN MAN

HOW UFO REPORTS CHANGE WITH THE TECH OF THE TIMES

- 17th century: comets, meteors seen thru religion — as portents (signs that calamty is
coming) from the gods, hence interpreted as holy communications
- 19th century: age of industrialization; steamboat, locomotive, photography, telegraphy,
ocean liner — hailed as “modern wonders” by news outlets & advertisers
 - 1896: US newspaper reports sightings of mysterious airships flying overhead. This did
NOT trigger widespread fear. The explanation was quaint (attractively unusual,
old-fashioned) — some smart guy had built a device & was testing its capabilities
- 1st 2 decades of 20th century: european powers expanded their military, caused unrest.
Likelihood of war spread anxiety. Germany developed Zeppelin (type of rigid airship). Ppl
began warning of Zepellin attacks. After the war, there were at least 1000 reports of
flying objects @ Europe
- May 1946: residents saw missiles/ rocket-like objects in flight,, dubbed “ghost rockets”
due to their fleeting natue (not long-lasting)
Officials @ Scandinavia, Britain, US thought Soviets might be experimenting German
rockets they captured.
- Autumn (sep-nov) 1946: concluded it was a case of postwar mass hysteria
- Summer 1947: Kenneth Arnold saw things @ Mount Rainier (see b4)
- After attention in newspapers, sightings occurred @ Europe, South America
- Speculations ran rampant due to:
● Wake of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
● Atomic bomb test
● Tension between US & USSR
- 1950: US Marine Air Corps Major Donald Keyhoe published book “The Flying Saucers
Are Real” — aliens from another planet caused appearance of UFO; Gov authorities are
aware of this, but want to keep it secret so theres no panik. This guy believed aliens had
been watching us for a looong time & when they saw humans had advanced enough
already, the aliens thought we had to be watched even CLOSER.
Keyhoe’s conclusion: “We have survived the stunning impact of the Atomic Age, we
should be able to take the Interplanetary Age, when it comes, without hysteria”

ALIENS AND UFOS ALLUDED TO IN ART AND MUSIC

Mothership Connection (Star Child):
- Funk song by PARLIAMENT
- Last single released from the 1975 album Mothership Connection
- Took African America culture even higher — into space
- First sketch: aliens landing in America’s poorest neighbourhoods & liberating the
residents
 - Early rejected title — “Landing the Ghetto”
- Founder of Parliament: George Clinton kept building the sketch cuz he liked the
it-
- Song was titled “Star Child” on single release; radio promo titled “Star Child
(Mothership Connection”
- George wrote this song with Bootsy (bass player) & Bernie (keyboard) these guys
were core creatives in P-Funk, recorded under the names Parliament &
Funkadelic
- Lead singer + guitarist: Glenn Goins
- George handles the spoken parts

Two Little Men in a Flying Saucer-

- By ELLA FITZGERALD
● Jazz song
● Album PURE ELLA
● Composed, written by Howard Greenfield & Dick Manning
● Released 1957
● abt 2 purple-haired men who criticize the Earth by saying “Think how dumb the
people are”, “Couldn’t stand the sight of it” — they find our planet unappealing
/repulsive; they refer to our planet as “awful menace”
● The little men are confused and bewildered with what they see on earth. They
stumble upon Ebbets Field @ Brooklyn during a Dodgers baseball game and hear
the roaring crowd; the aliens describe the planet as insane. Mention of a
politician making speeches during intermission —> touch of political
commentary to song, revealing skepticism of aliens toward human leaders
● Third verse: aliens exposure to human entertainment — they listen to radio +
watch tv show, leaves them puzzled & unsatisfied

Come Sail Away

- Song pop-rock group THE STYX ANTHOLOGY (American)
- Sung by singer & songwriter — Dennis DeYoung
- Featured on band’s 7th album The Grand Illusion (1977)
- Sailing metaphor - achieve one’s dreams
 - Lyrics touch on: nostalgia of “childhood friends”, escapism, religious thematic;
symbolized by “a gathering of angels” singing “a song of hope”
- Combines plaintive, ballad-like opening section (w piano & synthesizer interlude) +
bombastic, guitar-heavy 2nd half

- Appears on trailers & TV spots for the films:

❖ Atlantis: The Lost Empire
❖ The Wild
❖ Big Daddy
❖ Cover for “The Trophy Fire”
❖ 2012 Nitro Circus: The Movie
❖ 2017 My Little Pony: The Movie

Riding on the Rocket (1991)

- Japanese punk/pop band SHONEN KNIFE [Naoko, Atsuko, Risa]
- A metaphor for a life’s journey
- Rocket: Challenges & adventures we face along the way
- Riding the rocket: embracing these experiences wholeheartedly
- Lirik: touch on freedom & escapism
- Soaring through the sky, leaving behind daily monotony (tedious routine), embracing
world full of endless possibilities
- “Riding on a rocket, feeling like a spaceboy”: departure from reality, exploring the
unknown

Aliens Exist
- American rock band Blink-182
- From 3rd studio album, Enema of the State (1999)
- Written by guitarist Tom DeLonge + additional songwriting from bassist Mark Hoppus
- Goofy tune abt existence of extraterrestrials
- Invokes 7 UFO reference phenomena, + CIA interference & Majestic 12 (secret gov
research team)
- DeLonge
 ★ Fascination with extraterrestrials and UFOs since middle school
★ Collects UFO books
★ Collects videocassets w hundreds of hours of military interviews testifying
experience with UFOs
★ Uses lyrics to convince listeners of the legitimacy of his claims
★ Acknowledges conspiracy is dumb
★ Vocal parts span A# to F#
- 216 beats per min
- B major

Space Invader
- 4th solo album by (former Kiss guitarist) Ace Frehley
- Released @ UK , 18 August 2014
- US , 19 August
- First album of new studio material since 2009’s Anomaly produced by Frehley
- Recorded at The Creation Lab @ Turlock, California
- Cover art by fantasy artist Ken Kelly (painted covers for Kiss albums)
- Featured in Classic Rock (magazine) title track is quintessential Frehley; theyre basically
saying frehley has surpassed Kiss (his own ex-band)

(IL)LEGAL ALIEN
Legal alien - foreigners who are allowed into a country by law (foreign tourists, registered
refugees, temporary & permanent residents…)
Illegal alien - (not rlly used anymore) for undocumented immigrants

MATHEW C. PERRY
- American naval officer
- Commanded ships in 7 wars (incl War 1812 & Mexican-American War)
- Leading role in Perry Exp (ended Japan’s isolationism) + Convention of Kanagawa
(between Japan & US 1854)
- Daguerreotype of Perry 1852:
❖ Sour attitude
❖ Civilian clothing
 ❖ Right b4 departing japan
- Silver coin with Perry’s profile, 1855
❖ Based off daguerreotype

- Daguerreotype by Mathew Brady 1856

❖ Most famous PORTRAIT
❖ Taken by (great) photographer Mathew after completion of Perry mission
❖ Portrays him in full uniform
- Lithograph from a daguerreotype by P.Haas
❖ Him in uniform next to a chair with his gun + hat on it
- Portrait of Perry a North American (woodblock print 1854)
❖ Best-known japanese woodblock portrait of perry
❖ Looks like a mirror of his famous photo (daggeurro by Mathew)
❖ Circulated in 7 versions, with subtle variations + details + colouring
❖ Some evoke his Dutch red hairs
❖ In some the whites of Perrys eyes are blue (westeners referred to as blue-eyed
barbarians, some artists were confused where the blue came from)
- Perry as long-nosed tengu or goblin 1854
❖ Many artists didnt see him in person so they used their imagination they
accepted the situation tho
❖ Tengu = long-nosed goblin figure from folklore — portrayed as possessing
uncanny powers
- Adams & Perry
❖ Prints & paintings showing Perry + his comrades looking visibly hairy
❖ In 7 portraits, Perry is paired with Commander Henry A. Adams (his
second-in-command)
- The Pictorial Scroll of the Arrival at Kurihama 1854
❖ Perry left
❖ Adams
-