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Practical Research 1
Quarter 3 – Week 7 & 8
Module 4
Writing the Review of Related Literature
Lesson 1: Features of a Good Literature Review
Lesson 2: In-text Citation and Referencing Styles
 Practical Research 1
Content: WRITING THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

What I Need to Know

What is RRL?
A Review of Related Literature (RRL) is a vital component of research regardless of the type of
research. This is one major activity in research that makes a researcher to study or study again
concepts or ideas related to his/her research that people manage to publish in books, journals, or other
reading materials in the past. (Baraceros 2016)
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

Recall the review of related literature (RRL) section of a research paper.

1. Recognize the guidelines and ways of writing a review of related literature.
2. Examine the ethical guidelines in writing a review.
3. Write the review of related literature section (Chapter 2) of your research paper.

Lesson 1: FEATURES OF A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW

What Is It

Features of a Good Literature Review

Before writing a review of relate literature, one should be familiar with the features of a good literature
review which are as follows:
1. Gives a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations,
2. Traces the intellectual progression of the study,
3. Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader of the research on the
most pertinent or relevant research, or
4. Usually in the conclusion of a literature review, identifies where gaps exist in how a problem has
been researched to date (USC Libraries: Research Guides 2017)

Purposes of RRL
The following are the purposes of writing the RRL:
1. To find out the connection of your research to the current conditions or situations of the world.
2. To know more about theories or concepts underlying your research
3. To discover the relation of your research with previous research studies
4. To obtain information on the accuracy or relevance of your research questions
5. To familiarize yourself with technical terms related to your research
(Baraceros 2016)

Sources of Literature And Studies

Searching for related literature and studies can be tedious. To aid you in looking for sources/references to
support your research, you can read/examine the content of the following:
1. Books and textbooks generally provide comprehensive overviews of a particular subject.
2. Journals are published in issues at regular intervals usually weekly, monthly, or quarterly.
3. Theses and dissertations are detailed and comprehensive accounts of research work.
4. Conference proceedings comprise brief summaries of research work presented at conferences.
5. Online sites provided that the content is factual and reliable. (Hewitt 2017)

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 Categories of Literature
The following categories help researchers identify the literature they encounter in preparing for their RRL:
1. Theoretical literature describes expected or anticipated relationships about the way things happen. A
theory is developed that is then refined or refuted when further evidence is obtained.
2. Research literature generally refers to a report of a systematic investigation that has been
undertaken in response to the need to answer a specific question.
3. Empirical research is a research that is undertaken through the observation and measurement of the
world around us. It studies the use of observation, experience or experimentation to collect new data.
4. Practice literature is written by practitioners about their field of expertise. This can come in many
different forms— expert opinion, discussion papers, debate, information from websites, patient
information leaflets, and reports of good practice.
5. Policy literature tells practitioners how to act in a set of circumstances. Policies and guidelines can
be written from a given set of circumstances. Policies and guidelines can be written from a local or
national perspective, or in some cases international.
(Buensuceso, et al. 2016)

Lesson 2: IN - TEXT CITATION AND REFERENCING STYLES

What is It
What is a citation?

A citation is used to refer to the authors within the main body of the paper. At the end of the
research paper, it is called Bibliography or References (Reference List).

STYLES OF CITATION
Citing the works of various authors/writers within the body of a review of related literature can be done through:

1. Integral Citation - This is one way of citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear in your work. You
do this by using active verbs like claim, assert, state etc. to report the author’s ideas.

Examples of Integral Citation

Example 1:
In relation to this, Muller and Kerbow (2018) stated that there are many ways with which parents
may become involved in their children’s education. The resources and opportunities available to the
parents, the relationship between the parents and their children, and the interests of parents in the
education of their child will influence the kind of parental involvement that parents would want to decide.

Example 2:
According to Wages (2016), barriers to parental involvement include the parents’ lack of
understanding with how the school system works and insufficient information regarding their local schools’
performance. Parents also find school works difficult for their children along with the use of technology in
completing school requirements.

2. Non-integral Citation - The stress is given to the piece of information rather to the owner of the ideas.
Examples of Non - integral Citation
Example 1:
In relation to this, stated that there are many ways with which parents may become involved in their
children’s education. The resources and opportunities available to the parents, the relationship between
the parents and their children, and the interests of parents in the education of their child will influence the
kind of parental involvement that parents would want to decide. (Muller and Kerbow, 2018)

Example 2:
Barriers to parental involvement include the parents’ lack of understanding with how the school
system works and insufficient information regarding their local schools’ performance. Parents also find
school works difficult for their children along with the use of technology in completing school requirements.
(Wages, 2016)

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PATTERNS OF CITATION
The following are the ways on how you can restate the information provided by authors/writers of the
sources/references that you have selected:

1. Summary - A shortened version of the original text that is expressed in your own language.

2. Paraphrase - Instead of shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to you using your
own words.

3. Short Direct Quotation - Only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole sentence, or several sentences,
not exceeding 40 words, is what you can quote or repeat in writing through this citation pattern.

Example of Short Direct Quotation

According to Valle and Espino (2014), “If the President disapproves or vetoes the bill, he or she
may send it back to Congress…” (p. 139)

4. Long Direct Quotation - This citation pattern makes you copy the author’s exact words numbering from 40
up to 100 words.

Example of Long Direct Quotation

Valle and Espino (2014) stated that:
In short, the constitution is the “rules of the game”. This is the reason why all great debates on
national policy issues always begin and end with the constitution. This also is the reason why
ideally, the best public officials should have a background in law, political science and public
administration. Additionally, this is the reason why it is not a good idea to elect public officials
only because of their popularity through mass media. (p. 101)

(Baraceros, Practical Research 1 2016)

REFERENCING STYLES
Doing the review of related literature is not the usual enumeration of references. Presentation of
the data gathered should be by topic based on the given objectives of the research. The literature should not
be too detailed or brief. Text should be based on the current edition of the American Psychological Association
(APA), Modern Language Association of America (MLA) or the Chicago Manual of Style and other standards
relevant to one ‘s discipline.
The type of reference style will depend on the research studies of the researcher namely:
1. APA: Psychology, Education and other Social Sciences
2. MLA: Arts and Humanities
3. Chicago: History and many other subjects in scholarly and non-scholarly work
(Buensuceso, et al. 2016)
In relation to your current research endeavor, you are advised to follow the APA Citation/Referencing
Style when you prepare the Reference/Bibliography section at the end of your research paper. Below is an
example of a Reference List following the APA Referencing Style:

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STEPS IN WRITING THE RRL
The following are simple steps in preparing and writing the Review of Related Literature section of your
research paper.
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly
2. Search for relevant literature and studies
3. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them
4. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics
5. Develop a thesis or purpose statement
6. Write the paper
7. Review your work
(University of Guelph 2020)

Prepared by

MA. BETINA CLARIZZE P. COBARRUBIAS MENCHIE CARANDAN-RATCHO

Teacher I Teacher II

GERALDINE R. DE CASTRO
Teacher III

Checked: Approved:

LIVY G. CAGANAN LOIDA P. VILLAS

Head Teacher III / SHS Coordinator Principal IV

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