Essentials of Psychology 7th Edition

Douglas Bernstein
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-psychology-7th-edition-douglas-bernstei
n/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Psychology PSY1011/PSY1022: A Custom Edition Douglas A.

Bernstein

https://ebookmass.com/product/psychology-
psy1011-psy1022-a-custom-edition-douglas-a-bernstein/

Psychology: Australian and New Zealand edition Douglas

A. Bernstein

https://ebookmass.com/product/psychology-australian-and-new-
zealand-edition-douglas-a-bernstein/

Essentials of economics 7th Edition Garratt

https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-economics-7th-
edition-garratt/

Essentials of Nursing Informatics, 7th Edition Virginia

Saba

https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-nursing-
informatics-7th-edition-virginia-saba/
Essentials of Negotiation, 7e ISE 7th Edition Roy J.
Lewicki

https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-
negotiation-7e-ise-7th-edition-roy-j-lewicki/

Educational Psychology 7th Edition John W. Santrock

https://ebookmass.com/product/educational-psychology-7th-edition-
john-w-santrock/

Phlebotomy Essentials 7th Edition

https://ebookmass.com/product/phlebotomy-essentials-7th-edition/

Essentials of Nursing Leadership & Management 7th

Edition

https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-nursing-leadership-
management-7th-edition/

Essentials of Understanding Psychology Robert S.

Feldman

https://ebookmass.com/product/essentials-of-understanding-
psychology-robert-s-feldman/
 ESSENTIALS OF

PSYCHOLOGY
SEVENTH EDITION

Douglas A. Bernstein
University of South Florida
University of Southampton

Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.

Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product
text may not be available in the eBook version.

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Essentials of Psychology, Seventh Edition © 2019, 2014 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Douglas Bernstein WCN: 02-300
Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Product Director: Marta Lee-Perriard
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be
Product Manager: Timothy Matray
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S.
Content Developer: Stefanie Chase copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

Product Assistant: Leah Jenson

For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Digital Content Spcialist: Allison Marion
Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706.
Content Project Manager: Ruth Sakata Corley
For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all
Production Service and Composition: MPS Limited requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
Intellectual Property Analyst: Deanna Ettinger
permissionrequest@cengage.com.
Intellectual Property Project Manager: Nick
Barrows

Art Director: Vernon Boes Library of Congress Control Number: 2017941272

Text Designer: Lisa Buckley Student Edition:

ISBN: 978-1-337-61239-5
Cover Designer: Terri Wright
Loose-leaf Edition:
Cover Image: Robertharding/Masterfile
ISBN: 978-1-337-61388-0

Cengage
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA

Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with

employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more than
125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at
www.cengage.com.

Cengage products are represented in Canada by

Nelson Education, Ltd.

To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, visit www.cengage.com.

To register or access your online learning solution or purchase materials for your
course, visit www.cengagebrain.com.

Printed in the United States of America

Print Number: 01    Print Year: 2017

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 For Doris

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Brief Contents

Preface xix

1 Introduction to the Science of Psychology 1

2 Biological Aspects of Psychology 41
3 Sensation and Perception 77
4 Consciousness 127
5 Learning 161
6 Memory 199
7 Thought, Language, and Intelligence 237
8 Motivation and Emotion 287
9 Human Development 333
10 Health, Stress, and Coping 385
11 Personality 415
12 Psychological Disorders 447
13 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 495
14 Social Psychology 533
15 Industrial and Organizational Psychology 581
16 Neuropsychology 617

Appendix A: Statistics In Psychological Research A-1

Answer Key to Multiple-Choice Self-Test Questions AK-1
Answer Key to In Review Questions AK-7
References R-1
Glossary G-1
Name Index NI-1
Subject Index SI-1

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents

Preface xix

1 Introduction to the Science of Psychology 1

The World of Psychology: An Overview 3
Subfields of Psychology 3
Linkages within Psychology and Beyond 6
LINKAGES DIAGRAM 8
A Brief History of Psychology 9
Approaches to the Science of Psychology 12
The Biological Approach 13
The Evolutionary Approach 13 Observational Methods: Watching Behavior 24
The Psychodynamic Approach 13 Surveys: Looking at the Big Picture 24
The Behavioral Approach 14 Correlational Studies: Looking for Relationships 25
The Cognitive Approach 15 Experiments: Exploring Cause and Effect 28
The Humanistic Approach 16 FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Studying EMDR 28
Human Diversity and Psychology 17
Selecting Human Participants for Research 32
The Impact of Sociocultural Diversity on Psychology 17
LINKAGES ■ Psychological Research and Behavioral Genetics 33
Thinking Critically about Psychology (or Anything Else) 19
Five Questions for Critical Thinking 20 Statistical Analysis of Research Results 35
Critical Thinking and Scientific Research 21 Ethical Guidelines for Psychologists 36
Research Methods in Psychology 23 Summary 38

2 Biological Aspects of Psychology 41

Cells of the Nervous System 42
Neurons 43
Action Potentials 44
Synapses and Communication between Neurons 45
Organization of the Nervous System 46
The Peripheral Nervous System: Keeping in Touch with
the World 47
The Somatic Nervous System 47
The Autonomic Nervous System 47 Exploring the Brain 57
The Central Nervous System: Making Sense of the THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
What Can fMRI Tell Us about Behavior
World 48 and Mental Processes? 59
The Spinal Cord 49 The Divided Brain: Lateralization 63
The Brain 49 Plasticity in the Central Nervous System 64
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
The Case of the Disembodied LINKAGES ■ 
Human Development and the Changing
Woman 56 Brain 66

vii

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 viii Contents

The Chemistry of Psychology: Neurotransmitters 68 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 72

Three Classes of Neurotransmitters 68 Summary 73
The Endocrine System: Coordinating the Internal World 70

3 Sensation and Perception 77

Our Sense of Taste 98
Sensing Your Body 99
Touch and Temperature 99
Pain 100
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Does Acupuncture Relieve Pain? 102
Sensing Body Position 103
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
The Case of the Mysterious Spells 105
Sensing and Perceiving the World 78 Perception 106
Sensory Systems 79 Organizing the Perceptual World 107
Encoding Sensations: What Was That? 80 Principles of Perceptual Organization 107
Absolute Thresholds: Is Something Out There? 81 Perception of Location and Distance 109
Seeing 83 Perception of Motion 111
Light 83 Perceptual Constancy 112
Focusing Light 84 Size Illusions 113
Converting Light into Images 85 Recognizing the Perceptual World 114
Seeing Color 87 Bottom-Up Processing 114
Theories of Color Vision 88 Top-Down Processing 115
Color Blindness 89 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing Together 116
Hearing 90 Culture, Experience, and Perception 117
Sound 90 LINKAGES ■ 
Perception and Human Development 118
The Ear 91
Encoding Sounds 93 Attention 120
Interaction of the Senses: Synesthesia 94 Directing Attention 120
Dividing Attention 121
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell 95
Smell, Taste, and Flavor 95 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 122
Our Sense of Smell 96 Summary 123

4 Consciousness 127
Mental Processing without Awareness 129
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Can Subliminal Messages Change
Your Behavior? 131
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Subliminal Messages in Popular
Music 133
Altered States of Consciousness 134
Sleeping and Dreaming 134
The Scope of Consciousness 128 Stages of Sleep 134
Consciousness States 128 Sleep Disorders 136
Levels of Consciousness 129 Why Do People Sleep? 138

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents ix

Dreams and Dreaming 142 The Varying Effects of Drugs 148

Hypnosis 143 CNS Depressant Drugs 149
Experiencing Hypnosis 143 CNS Stimulant Drugs 151
Explaining Hypnosis 144 Opiates 154
Applications of Hypnosis 145 Hallucinogenic Drugs 154

LINKAGES ■ 
Meditation, Health, and Stress 146 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 157
Summary 157
Psychoactive Drugs 146
Psychopharmacology 147

5 Learning 161
Classical Conditioning: Learning Signals
and Associations 162
Pavlov’s Discovery 163
Conditioned Responses over Time: Extinction
and Spontaneous Recovery 164
Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination 165
The Signaling of Significant Events 166
Some Applications of Classical Conditioning 168
Instrumental and Operant Conditioning: Learning the Latent Learning and Cognitive Maps 184
Consequences of Behavior 170 Insight and Learning 186
From the Puzzle Box to the Skinner Box 170 Observational Learning: Learning by Imitation 186
Basic Components of Operant Conditioning 171
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Does Watching Video Violence Make
Forming and Strengthening Operant Behavior 173
Children More Violent? 188
Why Reinforcers Work 177
Punishment 177 Using Research on Learning to Help People Learn 191
Some Applications of Operant Conditioning 179 Active Learning 191
LINKAGES ■ 
Networks of Learning 181 Skill Learning 192
Classrooms across Cultures 193
Cognitive Processes in Learning 182
LINKAGES DIAGRAM 194
Learned Helplessness 183
Summary 194
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
An Experiment on Human
Helplessness 183

6 Memory 199
The Nature of Memory 200
Basic Memory Processes 200
Types of Memory 201
Models of Memory 202
Storing New Memories 206
Sensory Memory 206
Short-Term Memory and Working Memory 206
Long-Term Memory 208
Distinguishing between Short-Term Retrieval from Semantic Memory 212
and Long-Term Memory 210
Constructing Memories 214
Retrieving Memories 211
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
I Could Swear I Heard It! 215
Retrieval Cues and Encoding Specificity 211
Context and State Dependence 211 Constructive Memory and Neural Network Models 216

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 x Contents

LINKAGES ■ Memory, Perception, and Eyewitness Testimony 217 The Biochemistry of Memory 226
Brain Structures and Memory 227
Forgetting 220
How Do We Forget? 220 Improving Your Memory 229
Why Do We Forget? 220 Mnemonic Strategies 229
Guidelines for More Effective Studying 230
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Can Traumatic Memories Be
Repressed, Then Recovered? 222 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 233
Summary 234
Biological Bases of Memory 225

7 Thought, Language, and Intelligence 237

Evaluating Options 257
Biases and Flaws in Decision Making 257
LINKAGES ■ 
Group Processes in Problem Solving
and Decision Making 260

Language 261
Learning to Speak: Stages of Language
Development 261
How Is Language Acquired? 263
Basic Functions of Thought 238 Testing Intelligence 265
The Circle of Thought 239 A Brief History of Intelligence Tests 266
Mental Representations: Intelligence Tests Today 267
The Ingredients of Thought 240 Calculating IQ 268
Concepts 240 Evaluating Intelligence Tests 268
Propositions 241 Defining Statistical Reliability 269
Schemas, Scripts, and Mental Models 241 Defining Statistical Validity 269
Images and Cognitive Maps 243 The Statistical Reliability and Validity of Intelligence
Thinking Strategies 244 Tests 269
Formal Reasoning 244 IQ as a Measure of Inherited Ability 271
Informal Reasoning 245 Group Differences in IQ 273
Problem Solving 247 THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Are Intelligence Tests Unfairly Biased
Strategies for Problem Solving 248 against Certain Groups? 275
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Problem-Solving Strategies in the Real Diversity in Intelligence 277
World 249 Practical and Creative Intelligence 277
Obstacles to Problem Solving 250 Multiple Intelligences 277
Problem Solving by Computer 254 Unusual Intelligence 279
Creative Thinking 255 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 281
Decision Making 257 Summary 282

8 Motivation and Emotion 287

Concepts and Theories of Motivation 288
Sources of Motivation 288
Instinct Doctrine and Its Descendants 289
Drive Reduction Theory 291
Arousal Theory 292
Incentive Theory 292
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation 293

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents xi

Hunger and Eating 295 Relations and Conflicts Among Motives 313
Biological Signals for Hunger and Satiation 295 Maslow’s Hierarchy 313
Hunger and the Brain 296 LINKAGES ■ 
Conflicting Motives and Stress 314
Flavor, Sociocultural Experience, and Food Selection 297
Unhealthy Eating 298 The Nature of Emotions 315
Defining Characteristics and Dimensions 315
Sexual Behavior 302
The Biology of Emotions 317
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
A Survey of Human Sexual
Behavior 302 Theories of Emotion 319
James’s Peripheral Theory 319
The Biology of Sex 304
Cannon’s Central Theory 321
Social and Cultural Factors in Sexuality 305
Cognitive Theories of Emotion 322
Sexual Orientation 306
Communicating Emotion 324
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
What Shapes Sexual Orientation? 306
Innate Expressions of Emotion 325
Achievement Motivation 309 Social and Cultural Influences on Emotional Expression 325
Need for Achievement 309 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 327
Achievement and Success in the Workplace 311
Summary 328
Achievement and Well-Being 312

9 Human Development 333

Exploring Human Development 334
Understanding Genetic Influence 336
Genes and the Environment 336
Beginnings 337
Prenatal Development 337
The Newborn 339
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development 341
Changes in the Brain 341 Peer Friendships and Popularity 360
The Development of Knowledge: Piaget’s Theory 341 Social Skills 361
Modifying Piaget’s Theory 345 FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
E xploring Developing Minds 361
Information Processing during Childhood 346
Gender Roles 363
LINKAGES ■ 
Development and Memory 347
Adolescence 365
Culture and Cognitive Development 348 Changes in Body, Brain, and Thinking 365
Individual Variations in Cognitive Development 349 Identity and Development of the Self 368
Infancy and Childhood: Social and Emotional Moral Development 370
Development 351 Adulthood 372
Individual Temperament 351 Physical Changes 372
The Infant Grows Attached 353 Cognitive Changes 372
Consequences of Attachment Patterns 355 Social Changes 375
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Does Day Care Harm the Emotional Longevity, Death, and Dying 378
Development of Infants? 356
LINKAGES DIAGRAM 379
Relationships with Parents and Peers 357 Summary 380

10 Health, Stress, and Coping 385

Health Psychology 386 Psychological Stressors 388
Understanding Stress and Stressors 387 Measuring Stressors 389

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 xii Contents

Stress, Personality, and Gender 400

FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Personality and Health 401

The Physiology and Psychology of Health and

Illness 403
Stress, Illness, and the Immune System 403
The Immune System and Stress 404
Stress, Illness, and the Cardiovascular System 405
Stress Responses 390 THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Does Hostility Increase the Risk
Physical Responses 390 of Heart Disease? 405
Psychological Responses 392 Promoting Healthy Behavior 407
LINKAGES ■ 
Stress and Psychological Disorders 394 Health Beliefs and Health Behaviors 408
Changing Health Behaviors: Stages of Readiness 409
Stress Mediators 395
Programs for Coping with Stress and Promoting
How Stressors Are Perceived 395 Health 409
Predictability and Control 396
Coping Resources and Coping Methods 397 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 412
Social Support 398 Summary 412

11 Personality 415
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Are Personality Traits Inherited? 426
Evaluating the Trait Approach 428
The Social-Cognitive Approach 429
Prominent Social-Cognitive Theories 429
Evaluating the Social-Cognitive Approach 431
The Humanistic Psychology Approach 432
Prominent Humanistic Theories 432
Evaluating the Humanistic Approach 434
The Psychodynamic Approach 416
The Structure of Personality 417 LINKAGES ■ Personality, Culture, and Human Development 435
Stages of Personality Development 418 FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Personality Development Over
Variations on Freud’s Personality Theory 419 Time 437
Contemporary Psychodynamic Theories 420
Assessing Personality 438
Evaluating the Psychodynamic Approach 421
Projective Personality Measures 439
The Trait Approach 422 Nonprojective Personality Measures 440
Early Trait Theories 422
The Five-Factor Personality Model 423 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 442
Biological Trait Theories 424 Summary 443

12 Psychological Disorders 447

Defining Psychological Disorders 449
What Is Abnormal? 449
Behavior in Context: A Practical Approach 450
Explaining Psychological Disorders 450
The Biopsychosocial Approach 451
The Diathesis-Stress Model as an Integrative
Explanation 453

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents xiii

Classifying Psychological Disorders 454 Bipolar Disorders 471

A Classification System: The DSM-5 455 Causes of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders 471
Evaluating the Diagnostic System 455 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders 474
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Is Psychological Diagnosis Biased? 458 Symptoms of Schizophrenia 475
The Schizophrenia Spectrum 476
Anxiety Disorders 460
Causes of Schizophrenia 476
Types of Anxiety Disorders 460
Personality Disorders 479
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 462
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Exploring Links between Child Abuse
Causes of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive and Antisocial Personality Disorder 481
Disorders 462
LINKAGES ■ 
Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Some Additional Psychological Disorders 483
and Learning 463 Neurodevelopmental Disorders 483
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 485
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders 465
Psychological Disorders and the Law 488
Dissociative Disorders 466
LINKAGES DIAGRAM 489
Depressive and Bipolar Disorders 468
Depressive Disorders 468 Summary 490

13 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 495

Basic Features of Treatment 496
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 498
Classical Psychoanalysis 498
Contemporary Variations on Psychoanalysis 499
Humanistic Psychotherapy 499
Client-Centered Therapy 500
Gestalt Therapy 501
Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 501
Techniques for Modifying Behavior 503 Biological Treatments 519
Cognitive Behavior Therapy 506 Psychosurgery 519
Group, Family, and Couples Therapy 508 Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy 520
Group Psychotherapy 508 Psychoactive Medications 521
Family and Couples Therapy 509 Human Diversity and Medication 523
Evaluating Psychotherapy 511 Medications and Psychotherapy 525

THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 

Are All Forms of Therapy Equally LINKAGES ■ 
Biological Aspects of Psychology
Effective? 512 and the Treatment of Psychological
Disorders 527
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Which Therapies Work Best
for Which Problems? 513 Community Psychology 527
Sociocultural Factors in Therapy 517 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 529
Rules and Rights in the Therapeutic Relationship 518 Summary 529

14 Social Psychology 533

Social Influences on the Self 534 Social Perception 537
Social Comparison 535 The Role of Schemas 537
FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ Self-Esteem and the Ultimate Terror 535 First Impressions 538
Explaining Behavior: Attribution 539
Social Identity Theory 537

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 xiv Contents

Intimate Relationships and Love 551

Social Influence 553
Social Norms 553
Conformity and Compliance 555
Obedience 558
Factors Affecting Obedience 559
Evaluating Obedience Research 561
Aggression 562
Errors in Attribution 540
Why Are People Aggressive? 563
Attitudes 542
When Are People Aggressive? 565
Forming Attitudes 542
Altruism and Prosocial Behavior 567
Changing Attitudes 542
Why Do People Help? 568
Prejudice and Stereotypes 545
Group Processes 572
Theories of Prejudice and Stereotyping 545
The Presence of Others 572
Reducing Prejudice 547
Group Leadership 573
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Is Racial and Ethnic Prejudice Too
Ingrained Ever to Be Eliminated? 548 LINKAGES ■ 
Biological and Social Psychology 574

Interpersonal Attraction 549 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 575

Keys to Attraction 550 Summary 575

15 Industrial and Organizational Psychology 581

Evaluating Training Programs 595
Employee Motivation 596
ERG Theory 596
Expectancy Theory 597
Goal-Setting Theory 597
Job Satisfaction 598
Measuring Job Satisfaction 598
Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction 599
THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 
Is Job Satisfaction Genetic? 601
An Overview of Industrial and Organizational
Psychology 582 Consequences of Job Satisfaction 602
Assessing People, Jobs, and Job Performance 583 LINKAGES ■ 
Aggression in the Workplace 604
Knowledge, Skill, Ability, and Other Characteristics 584 Occupational Health Psychology 605
Job Analysis 584
Physical Conditions Affecting Health 605
Measuring Employee Characteristics 585
Work Schedules, Health, and Safety 605
Measuring Job Performance 587
Stress, Accidents, and Safety 606
Methods of Performance Appraisal 588
Work Groups and Work Teams 607
Recruiting and Selecting Employees 590
Autonomous Work Groups 608
Recruitment Processes 590
Group Leadership 608
Selection Processes 591
Legal Issues in Recruitment and Selection 592 FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Can People Learn to Be Charismatic
Leaders? 610
Training Employees 593
Assessing Training Needs 593 LINKAGES DIAGRAM 612
Designing Training Programs 593 Summary 612

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents xv

16 Neuropsychology 617
Foundations of Neuropsychology 618
A Brief History of Neuropsychology 619
Modules and Networks 620
Lesion Analysis 621
Neuropsychological Assessment 623
Mechanisms of Brain Dysfunction 623
Cerebral Infarcts 623 Perceptual Disturbances 632
Traumatic Brain Injury 625 FOCUS ON RESEARCH ■ 
Studying Hemineglect 634
Neurodegenerative Diseases 625
LINKAGES ■ 
Language Disorders and the Brain 634
Neuropsychological Disorders 626
Amnestic Disorders 626 Disorders of Movement Control 636
Consciousness Disturbances 628 Dementia 637

THINKING CRITICALLY ■ 

Can Someone Be Partially Paralyzed LINKAGES DIAGRAM 640
and Not Know It? 630 Summary 641

Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research A-1

Answer Key to Multiple-Choice Self-Test Questions AK-1
Answer Key to In Review Questions AK-7
References R-1
Glossary G-1
Name Index NI-1
Subject Index SI-1

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Features

LINKAGES FOCUS ON RESEARCH THINKINGCRITICALLY

■■ Psychological Research and Behavioral ■■ Studying EMDR 28 ■■ What Can fMRI Tell Us about Behavior
Genetics 33 and Mental Processes? 59
■■ The Case of the Disembodied
■■ Human Development and the Woman 56 ■■ Does Acupuncture Relieve Pain? 102
Changing Brain 66
■■ The Case of the Mysterious Spells 105 ■■ Can Subliminal Messages Change
■■ Perception and Human Your Behavior? 131
■■ Subliminal Messages in Popular
Development 118
Music 133 ■■ Does Watching Video Violence Make
■■ Meditation, Health, and Stress 146 Children More Violent? 188
■■ An Experiment on Human
■■ Networks of Learning 181 Helplessness 183 ■■ Can Traumatic Memories Be
Repressed, Then Recovered? 222
■■ Memory, Perception, and Eyewitness ■■ I Could Swear I Heard It! 215
Testimony 217 ■■ Are Intelligence Tests Unfairly Biased
■■ Problem-Solving Strategies in the Real
against Certain Groups? 275
■■ Group Processes in Problem Solving World 249
and Decision Making 260 ■■ What Shapes Sexual Orientation? 306
■■ A Survey of Human Sexual
■■ Conflicting Motives and Stress 314 Behavior 302 ■■ Does Day Care Harm the Emotional
Development of Infants? 356
■■ Development and Memory 347 ■■ Exploring Developing Minds 361
■■ Does Hostility Increase the Risk
■■ Stress and Psychological ■■ Personality and Health 401
of Heart Disease? 405
Disorders 394
■■ Personality Development Over
■■ Are Personality Traits Inherited? 426
■■ Personality, Culture, and Human Time 437
Development 435 ■■ Is Psychological Diagnosis
■■ Exploring Links between Child
Biased? 458
■■ Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Abuse and Antisocial Personality
Disorders and Learning 463 Disorder 481 ■■ Are All Forms of Therapy Equally
Effective? 512
■■ Biological Aspects of Psychology ■■ Which Therapies Work Best
and the Treatment of Psychological for Which Problems? 513 ■■ Is Racial and Ethnic Prejudice Too
Disorders 527 Ingrained Ever to Be Eliminated? 548
■■ Self-Esteem and the Ultimate
■■ Biological and Social Psychology 574 Terror 535 ■■ Is Job Satisfaction Genetic? 601
■■ Aggression in the Workplace 604 ■■ Can People Learn to Be Charismatic ■■ Can Someone Be Partially Paralyzed
Leaders? 610 and Not Know It? 630
■■ Language Disorders and the
Brain 634 ■■ Studying Hemineglect 634

xvii

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 lawbreakers will now present himself in person before us
and accept of us our homage and good will, we will,
assuming him to be young and of agreeable manners,
accept him as the affiant of our daughter and prepare him
by education and training for her hand; or, failing that, and
he being a man of mature years, we will publicly accept
him as councillor of state and chiefest of our advisers. To
this end, that he may have full confidence in our word, we
have ordered that the third day of the seventh moon be
observed as a holiday, that a public feast be prepared and
that our people assemble before us in our great court.
Should this wisest of fugitives appear and declare himself
we will there publicly reaffirm and do as is here written and
accept him into our life and confidence. I have said it.
“‘Yianko I.’

“The caliph showed this to his daughter and she sighed, for full
well she knew that the caliph’s plan would prove vain—for had not
Abou said that he would return no more? But the caliph proceeded,
thinking this would surely bring about Abou’s capture.
“In the meantime in the land of Yemen, of which Abou was the
rightful heir, many things had transpired. His father, Kar-Shem,
having died and the wretched pretender, Bab-el-Bar, having failed
after a revolution to attain to Kar-Shem’s seat, confessed to the
adherents of Kar-Shem the story of the Prince Hussein’s abduction
and sale into slavery to a rug-merchant in Baghdad. In consequence,
heralds and a royal party were at once sent forth to discover
Hussein. They came to Baghdad and found the widow of Yussuf,
who told them of the many slaves Yussuf had owned, among them a
child named Hussein to whom they had given the name of Abou.
“And so, upon Abou’s return from ‘The Whispering Window,’ there
were awaiting him at the house of Mirza the representatives of his
own kingdom, who, finding him young and handsome and talented,
and being convinced by close questioning that he was really
Hussein, he was apprised of his dignity and worth and honored as
the successor of Kar-Shem in the name of the people of Yemen.
“And now Hussein (once Abou), finding himself thus ennobled,
bethought him of the beautiful Yanee and her love for him and his
undying love for her. Also he felt a desire to outwit the caliph in one
more contest. To this end he ordered his present entourage to
address the caliph as an embassy fresh from Yemen, saying that
having long been in search of their prince they had now found him,
and to request of him the courtesy of his good-will and present
consideration for their lord. The caliph, who wished always to be at
peace with all people, and especially those of Yemen, who were
great and powerful, was most pleased at this and sent a company of
courtiers to Hussein, who now dwelt with his entourage at one of the
great caravanseries of the city, requesting that he come forthwith to
the palace that he might be suitably entertained. And now Abou,
visiting the caliph in his true figure, was received by him in great
state, and many and long were the public celebrations ordered in his
honor.
“Among these was the holiday proclaimed by Yianko in order to
entrap Abou. And Yianko, wishing to amuse and entertain his guest,
told him the full history of the great thief and of his bootless efforts
thus far to take him. He admitted to Hussein his profound admiration
for Abou’s skill and ended by saying that should any one know how
Abou might be taken he would be willing to give to that one a place
in his council, or, supposing he were young and noble, the hand of
his daughter. At this Hussein, enticed by the thought of so winning
Yanee, declared that he himself would attempt to solve the mystery
and now prepared to appear as a fierce robber, the while he ordered
one of his followers to impersonate himself as prince for that day.
“The great day of the feast having arrived and criers having gone
through the streets of the city announcing the feast and the offer of
the caliph to Abou, there was much rejoicing. Long tables were set in
the public square, and flags and banners were strung. The beautiful
Yanee was told of her father’s vow to Hussein, but she trusted in
Abou and his word and his skill and so feared naught. At last, the
multitude having gathered and the caliph and his courtiers and the
false Hussein having taken their places at the head of the feast, the
caliph raised his hand for silence. The treasurer taking his place
upon one of the steps leading to the royal board, reread the
proclamation and called upon Abou to appear and before all the
multitude receive the favor of the caliph or be forever banned. Abou,
or Hussein, who in the guise of a fierce mountain outlaw had mingled
with the crowd, now came forward and holding aloft the pardon of
the caliph announced that he was indeed the thief and could prove it.
Also, that as written he would exact of the caliph his daughter’s
hand. The caliph, astounded that one so uncouth and fierce-seeming
should be so wise as the thief had proved or should ask of him his
daughter’s hand, was puzzled and anxious for a pretext on which he
might be restrained. Yet with all the multitude before him and his
word given, he scarce knew how to proceed or what to say. Then it
was that Yanee, concealed behind a lattice, sent word to her father
that this fierce soul was not the one who had come to her but an
impostor. The caliph, now suspecting treachery and more mischief,
ordered this seeming false Abou seized and bound, whereupon the
fictitious Hussein, masquerading in Hussein’s clothes, came forward
and asked for the bandit’s release for the reason that he was not a
true bandit at all but the true prince, whom they had sought far and
wide.
“Then the true Hussein, tiring of the jest and laying aside his
bandit garb, took his place at the foot of the throne and proceeded to
relate to Yianko the story of his life. At this the caliph, remembering
his word and seeing in Abou, now that he was the Prince of Yemen,
an entirely satisfactory husband for Yanee, had her brought forward.
Yanee, astonished and confused at being thus confronted with her
lost love, now become a Prince, displayed so much trepidation and
coquetry that the caliph, interested and amused and puzzled, was
anxious to know the cause. Whereupon Hussein told how he had
seen her passing his robber father’s bazaar on her way to Ish-Pari
and that he had ever since bemoaned him that he was so low in the
scale of life as not to be able to aspire to her hand yet now rejoiced
that he might make his plea. The caliph, realizing how true a
romance was here, now asked his daughter what might be her will,
to which she coyly replied that she had never been able to forget
Abou. Hussein at once reiterated his undying passion, saying that if
Yanee would accept him for her husband and the caliph as his son
he would there and then accept her as his queen and that their
nuptials should be celebrated before his return to his kingdom.
Whereupon the caliph, not to be outdone in gallantry, declared that
he would gladly accept so wise a prince, not only as his son by
marriage but as his heir, and that at his death both he and Yanee
were jointly to rule over his kingdom and their own. There followed
scenes of great rejoicing among the people, and Hussein and Yanee
rode together before them.
“And now, O my hearers,” continued Gazzar most artfully, although
his tale was done, “ye have heard how it was with Abou the
unfortunate, who came through cleverness to nothing but good—a
beautiful love, honor and wealth and the rule of two realms—
whereas I, poor wanderer that I am—”
But the company, judging that he was about to plead for more
anna, and feeling, and rightly, that for so thin a tale he had been paid
enough and to spare, arose and as one man walked away. Soudi
and Parfi denounced him as a thief and a usurer; and Gazzar,
counting his small store of anna and looking betimes at the shop of
Al Hadjaz, from which still came the odors of food, and then in the
direction of the caravan where lay the camels among which he must
sleep, sighed. For he saw that for all his pains he had not more than
the half of a meal and a bed and that for the morrow there was
nothing.
“By Allah,” he sighed, “what avails it if one travel the world over to
gather many strange tales and keep them fresh and add to them as
if by myrrh and incense and the color of the rose and the dawn, if by
so doing one may not come by so much as a meal or a bed?
Bismillah! Were it not for my withered arm no more would I trouble to
tell a tale!” And tucking his tambour into his rags he turned his steps
wearily toward the mosque, where before eating it was, as the Koran
commanded, that he must pray.

THE END
 Transcriber’s Notes
pg 106 Changed: He spoke of it to Cavanagh
to: He spoke of it to Cavanaugh
pg 107 Changed: could not be done so quicky
to: could not be done so quickly
pg 146 Changed: because she was desirious
to: because she was desirous
pg 233 Changed: as violent at it had ever been
to: as violent as it had ever been
pg 269 Changed: put in Mrs. Queeder explantorily
to: put in Mrs. Queeder explanatorily
pg 278 Changed: craned his neck as thought physically
to: craned his neck as though physically
pg 288 Changed: affairs whenever me met
to: affairs whenever we met
pg 330 Changed: Osterman to Greasdick and his find
to: Osterman to Greasadick and his find
pg 382 Changed: she turned abrutly to shopping
to: she turned abruptly to shopping
pg 386 Changed: least inpetuous pursuer
to: least impetuous pursuer
pg 390 Changed: sometimes whole segment spoiled
to: sometimes whole segments spoiled
pg 395 Changed: curious as to what was to fellow
to: curious as to what was to follow
pg 404 Changed: black as the wing of the uck
to: black as the wing of the duck
pg 411 Changed: place a cauldon of hot pitch
to: place a cauldron of hot pitch
pg 412 Changed: he drew his scimiter
to: he drew his scimitar
pg 418 Changed: thou wilt lower they veil
to: thou wilt lower thy veil
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAINS ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of
this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept
and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and
may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the
terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of
the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from
the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of
this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its
attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without
charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms
of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or
with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
 copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph
1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner
of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity
that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur:
(a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b)
alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project
Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.