Mini (marque)

Mini (stylised as MINI)[1] is a British automotive brand founded in Oxford in 1969, owned by
German Multinational automotive company BMW since 2000, and used by them for a range of
small cars assembled in the United Kingdom, Austria, Netherlands (until 16 February 2024) and
Germany. The word Mini has been used in car model names since 1959, and in 1969 it became a
brand in its own right when the name "Mini" replaced the separate "Austin Mini" and "Morris Mini"
car model names.[2][3] BMW acquired the brand in 1994 when it bought Rover Group (formerly
British Leyland), which owned Mini, among other brands.[4]

The original Mini was a line of British small cars manufactured by the British Motor Corporation
(BMC), which in 1966 became part of British Motor Holdings. This merged with Leyland Motors
in 1968 to form British Leyland.[5] In the 1980s, British Leyland was broken-up and in 1988 Rover
Group, including Mini, was acquired by British Aerospace.[5] Mini models included the Morris
Mini-Minor and the Austin Seven, the Countryman, Moke, 1275GT and Clubman.[5] Performance
versions of these models used the name Cooper, due to a partnership with racing legend John
Cooper. The original Mini continued in production until 2000.

In 1994, Rover Group was acquired by BMW, being broken up in 2000 with BMW retaining the
Mini brand.[6] Development of a modern successor to the Mini began in 1995 and an entirely new
Mini model was launched in 2001 by BMW. The current Mini range includes the
Hardtop/Hatch/Convertible (three-door hatchback) and Countryman (five-door crossover).

The Mini Clubman, Coupe and Roadster are assembled at BMW's Plant Oxford in Cowley,
England.[7] The Mini Convertible and the second generation of the Countryman were assembled
at VDL Nedcar in Born (Netherlands) till 16 February 2024. The Mini 3-door Hatch/Hardtop is
assembled at both plants,[8] with the 5-door being exclusively assembled at Oxford.[9] The
Paceman was until 2016 assembled by
Magna Steyr in Austria.[10] A total of 301,526
Mini vehicles were sold worldwide in 2012.[11] Mini
The third generation of the Mini Countryman
is produced in Germany at BMW's Leipzig
plant.[12]

Mini vehicles have been active in rallying and

the Mini Cooper S won the Monte Carlo Rally Product Cars
on three occasions, in 1964, 1965 and 1967.
Mini has participated in the World Rally type
Championship since 2011 through the
Prodrive WRC Team.
Owner BMW
(2000-
History
present)

Produced by BMW
1959 to 1990
Country United
Kingdom

Introduced As a ca
1959 Morris Mini-Minor
model
The original two-door Mini was a small car
produced by the British Motor Corporation
1959
(BMC) and its successors from 1959 until
2000. It is considered an icon of the
1960s,[5][13][14] and its space-saving front-
wheel-drive layout (which allowed 80% of the
area of the car's floorpan to be used for
passengers and luggage) influenced a As a
generation of car-makers.[15] The vehicle is in
some ways considered the British equivalent standa
to its German contemporary, the Volkswagen
Beetle, which enjoyed similar popularity in brand
North America. In 1999 the Mini was voted the
second most influential car of the 20th 1969
Century, behind the Ford Model T.[16][17]

This distinctive two-door car was designed for Related John

BMC by Sir Alec Issigonis.[18][19] It was
manufactured at the Longbridge and Cowley brands Cooper
plants in England, the Victoria Park / Zetland
British Motor Corporation (Australia) factory in Works
Sydney, Australia, and later also in Spain
(Authi), Belgium, Chile, Italy (Innocenti),
Portugal, South Africa, Uruguay, Venezuela
Markets Worldwide
and Yugoslavia. The Mini Mark I had three
major UK updates: the Mark II, the Clubman Previous British
and the Mark III. Within these was a series of
variations including an estate car, a pickup owners Motor
truck, a van and the Mini Moke—a jeep-like
buggy. The Mini Cooper and Cooper "S" were Corporation
sportier versions that were successful as rally
cars, winning the Monte Carlo Rally four times (1959–
from 1964 through to 1967, although in 1966
the Mini was disqualified after the finish, 1968)
along with six other British entrants, which
included the first four cars to finish, under a British
questionable ruling that the cars had used an
illegal combination of headlamps and Leyland
spotlights.[20] Initially Minis were marketed
under the Austin and Morris names, as the (1968–
Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor, until Mini
became a marque in its own right in 1969.[3][2] 1986)
The Mini was again marketed under the
Austin name in the 1980s. Rover
Group
(1986–
1990 to 2000 2000)

Website mini.com
(http://mi
ni.com)
Mini Cooper S, 2000

Former logo used from 1997 to 2018

In the 1990s, BMW was seeking to broaden its model range through the addition of compact
cars and SUVs. This sparked a series of compact car concept vehicles from the company during
the early 1990s. The first were the E1 and Z13, powered by an electric motor and a rear-mounted
1100 cc BMW motorcycle engine, respectively.[1]

In early 1994, BMW acquired the Rover Group from British Aerospace, which owned Mini, among
other brands. BMW insisted that even a compact model must feature traditional BMW
characteristics (such as rear wheel drive) to uphold the company's standards and image. The
"MINI" brand, however, did not share these standards and BMW saw this as an opportunity to
create a competitively priced, yet premium, compact car. This formed BMW's plan to launch the
premium BMW 1 Series and the mid-range Mini.[1]
It was at around this time that Rover, too, was working on a successor to the original Mini. Its
first concept was the ACV30 which was unveiled at the 1997 Monte Carlo Rally. The name was
partially an acronym of Anniversary Concept Vehicle, whilst the '30' represented the 30 years that
had passed since a Mini first won the Monte Carlo Rally. The vehicle itself was a two-door coupe
powered by a rear-mounted MG F engine.[1]

Just months later, Rover released another concept, this time, a pair of vehicles called Spiritual
and Spiritual Too. These vehicles were a more realistic attempt to create a modern Mini, and
coincided with BMW's official creation of the Mini project. Although the two-door and four-door
pair wore Mini badges, both vehicles remained purely concepts.[1]

In 1998, BMW set out on creating the production Mini. The first aspect that was considered was
the design, which was chosen from 15 full-sized design studies. Five of these designs came
from BMW Germany, another five from BMW Designworks in California, four from Rover and one
from an outside studio in Italy. The chosen design was from BMW Designworks and was
designed by American designer, Frank Stephenson. Stephenson penned the new Mini One R50
and Mini Cooper leading the team which developed the E50 car in Munich (parallel development
in England by the team at Rover having been dropped in 1995).[21] This design, being a city car,
also fitted into BMW's plan of two compact cars, leaving the supermini class for the BMW 1
Series. After the launch of the new Mini, Stephenson told automotive magazine Autocar:[1]

We wanted the first impression when you walk up to the car to be "it could only be
a Mini"

— Frank Stephenson[1]

2000 to present
The last Mark VII Mini, and the 5,387,862nd and final original two-door Mini to be produced, a red
Cooper Sport, was built at the Longbridge plant in October 2000.[22][23] The car was driven off the
production line by the pop singer Lulu, and was subsequently housed at the Heritage Motor
Centre in Gaydon, alongside the first Mini Mark I ever made.[23] The new generation Mini
Hatch/Hardtop went on sale in July 2001 and was an immediate sales success.[24]

In February 2005, BMW announced an investment of £100 million in the Mini plant in Oxford,
United Kingdom, creating 200 new jobs and enabling production output to be increased by
20%.[25][26]

In April 2013, Peter Schwarzenbauer became new Mini's managing director, succeeding Jochen
Goller.[27]

At the North American International Auto Show in January 2011, BMW announced that it would
be extending the Mini range with the launch of two new two-door sports crossover vehicles
based on the Mini Paceman concept car, with a coupe version planned to enter production in
2011 and a roadster to follow in 2012.[28][29] In June 2011, BMW announced an investment of
£500 million in the UK over the subsequent three years as part of an expansion of the Mini range
to seven models.[30][31]

In July 2017, BMW has announced that an electric Mini model will be built at the Cowley plant, in
Oxford, that will start production in 2019.[32] It will also be produced in China.[33]

On 1 April 2019, BMW named Bernd Körber as director of the Mini brand and replaced Peter
Schwarzenbauer.[34]

In Sep 2023, BMW announced plans to invest hundreds of millions of pounds to prepare its Mini
factory near Oxford to build a new generation of electric cars.[35]
Production models

BMC/BL/Rover models (1959 to

2000)

Mini Mark I (1959 to 1967)

A 1963 Austin Mini Super-Deluxe

Launched in August 1959, the Mark 1 Mini (code name ADO 15) was initially marketed as the
Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor.

Mark I Minis can be identified by exterior door hinges, sliding door glass, tail lights smaller than
later cars and a "mustache" grille. The A-series engine came in a wide range of capacities,
initially as an 848 cc, but later the 997, 998, 1071 and 1275 cc engines were added. The non-
Cooper cars had gearboxes with the "magic wand" selector, with 4-speeds (no synchromesh on
1st) while the Coopers has a remote shift selector. An automatic, 4-speed transmission was
introduced in 1965. In 1960, a 2-seater van was launched, along with an estate, both sharing a
longer wheelbase In 1961 the pickup was introduced, also based on the longer wheelbase
Mini Mark II (1967 to 1970)
The Mini received some minor modifications in 1967 as sold as the Austin or Morris Mini in
most markets.

Mini Marks III–VII (1969 to 2000)

A Mark VI Mini, in production from

1990 to 1995.

The Mark III Mini was launched in 1969, which was an updated version of Mark II with a modified
bodyshell. The most visible changes were larger doors with concealed hinges. The boot lid lost
the original hinged number plate and its recess shape and a large rear colour-coded lamp was
fitted in its place, along with larger rear side windows. Sliding windows were replaced with
winding windows—although some Australian-manufactured Mark I Minis had adopted this
feature in 1965 (with opening quarterlight windows). The suspension reverted from Hydrolastic
to rubber cones.[36] as a cost-saving measure.[37] Production at the Cowley plant was ended, and
the simple name "Mini" completely replaced the separate Austin and Morris brands.[38]

The Mark IV, launched in 1976, introduced a front rubber mounted subframe with single tower
bolts and larger bushes in the rear frame. In addition twin stalk indicators were introduced with
larger foot pedals, and from 1977 onwards the rear indicator lamps had the reverse lights
incorporated in them.

The Mark V, launched in 1984, introduced 8.4-inch (210 mm) brake discs and plastic wheel
arches (mini special arches) but retained the same Mark IV body shell shape.

For the Mark VI, launched in 1990, the engine mounting points were moved forward to take
1,275 cc power units, and includes the HIF carburettor version, plus the single point fuel injected
car which came out in 1991. The 998 cc power units were discontinued. Internal bonnet release
were fitted from 1992.

The Mark VII, launched in 1996, was the final version of the original two-door Mini. For this
model twin point injection with front-mounted radiator was introduced, along with a full-width
dashboard and driver's side airbag.

BMW models (2001 to date)

Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2001 to 2006)

A 2004 Mini One Hatch (pre-facelift

model)

All Mini models since 2001 have different variants, including One (entry-level), Cooper, Cooper S
(sporty), and John Cooper Works (JCW) (high-end).

The hatchback/hardtop Mini was the first model of the new generation Mini, introduced in 2001,
and was back then known as simply Mini. It was available in Cooper, Cooper S and One
variations at launch. In many European markets, the Mini One was powered by a 1.4-litre I4[39]
version of the Tritec engine but all other petrol powered Minis used the 1.6-litre I4 version. The
Cooper S and JCW models included a supercharger intake system. This generation of minis was
the only production model to have one, replaced by a turbocharger from the second generation
onwards.[40][41]

The names Cooper and Cooper S followed the names used for the sportier version of the classic
Mini, which in turn come from the involvement of John Cooper and the Cooper Car Company.
The Cooper heritage was further emphasised with the John Cooper Works (JCW) range of tuning
options that are available with the Mini. John Cooper also created a one-off racing model of the
Mini Cooper S named the Mini Cooper S Works. This car featured many extras which help to
improve performance, such as a racing exhaust and air filter as well as uprated suspension. The
car also had one-of-a-kind 17-inch (430 mm) racing wheels.[42]

The Mk I Mini One, Cooper and Cooper S used some version of the reliable, Brazilian-built Tritec
engine, co-developed by Chrysler & BMW; the Mini One D used a Toyota-built 1ND-TV diesel
engine. In August 2006, BMW announced that future engines would be built in the UK, making
the car essentially British-built again; final assembly took place at Oxford, and the body
pressings were made in nearby Swindon at BMW's Swindon Pressings Ltd subsidiary.

The last Mk I variant was the Mini Cooper S with John Cooper Works GP Kit: a light-weight,
quasi-race-prepped John Cooper Works model. Hand-finished by Bertone in Italy, it was offered
as a limited-production run of 2,000 cars during the 2006 model year, with 444 of those originally
intended for the UK market (although ultimately, 459 were sold).

Mini Convertible/Cabrio (2005 to 2008)

A 2006 Mini Cooper S Convertible

At the 2004 Salon International de l'Auto, Mini introduced a convertible model which was
released in the 2005 model year and available in One, Cooper and Cooper S trim versions.

The convertible roof is fully automatic—an unusual feature in such a small car—and can be
opened partially to act as a sunroof whilst the car is driving at speed. The convertible model
forsakes the rear hatchback of the Hardtop Mini, replacing it with a drop down 'tailgate' that is
reminiscent of the classic Mini—it incorporates similarly prominent external hinges, and with the
roof in the closed position, the rear roof section and luggage shelf can be raised with two
handles, semi-tailgate style, to access the luggage space easier. The convertible also adds two
small power windows for the rear seat passengers which are lowered automatically when the
roof opens. The roof is made from a heavy cloth, with many layers of insulation; the rear window
is glass with an integral heater/defroster, but no washer or wiper.

At the 2007 North American International Auto Show, Mini introduced the limited edition Mini
Cooper S Sidewalk Convertible. It had a top speed of 215 km/h (134 mph) and accelerates from
0 to 100 kilometres per hour (0 to 62 mph) in 7.9 seconds. The engine provides 168 hp (125 kW)
and 220 N⋅m (160 lbf⋅ft) of torque.

Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2007 to 2014)

A 2009 Mini Cooper Hatch.

Mini introduced an all-new second generation of the Hardtop/Hatch model in November 2006,
on a re-engineered platform incorporating many stylistic and engineering changes. It utilises the
Prince engine, the architecture of which is shared with PSA Peugeot Citroën and is designed to
be more cost-effective and fuel-efficient, and is manufactured at the BMW Hams Hall engine
plant in Warwickshire, United Kingdom.[43] The development and engineering was done in
Munich, Germany at BMW Group headquarters, and by external third parties.[21][44][45] Although
the new model looks very similar to its predecessor, every panel was different and new safety
requirements resulted in the overall length increasing by 60 mm (2.4 in).

The second generation Mini was introduced in the Cooper and Cooper S trim levels; the range
was added to in 2007 with the Mini One. For the first time, there was a diesel-powered Cooper,
available from April 2007, and badged as the Cooper D, which was supplemented in January
2011 with a new 2.0 L diesel for the automatic Cooper and high performance Cooper SD. The
Convertible and Clubman versions followed later. In 2009, the Mini First trim level was launched
in the UK, which is a low-end, petrol-only version, with less power and a lower speed. The Mini
John Cooper Works Challenge is a purpose-built race car, based on the Mini Hatch, and
manufactured in the BMW Motorsport factory located in Munich. It was unveiled in 2007 at the
IAA Motor Show.[46] In 2009 a John Cooper Works World Championship 50 special edition was
unveiled in 2009 Mini United Festival in Silverstone.[47]

Mini Clubman (2008 to 2014)

A Mini Cooper S Clubman

The Mini Clubman is an estate Mini, introduced for the 2008 model year and available in One,
Cooper, Cooper S, and Cooper D variations. While identical to the Hatch/Hardtop from the B-
pillars forward, the Clubman is 240 mm (9.4 in) longer overall, with a correspondingly stretched
wheelbase that is 80 mm (3.1 in) longer; this provides more rear-seat leg room and substantially
increased cargo space when compared to the Hardtop—160 mm (6.3 in) longer, giving 260 litres
(9.2 cubic feet) of space. It has twin "barn doors," alternately referred to as "the Splitdoor,"
enclosing the boot instead of a pull-up hatch, and also features a "Clubdoor" on the right-hand
side regardless of the intended market. This means that in right-hand drive markets, the rear
door is on the road side of the car, requiring rear passengers to exit into the road. Engine and
transmission selections are identical to those used in the Hatch/Hardtop model, except the
66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) One Diesel; and the rear suspension set-up shares many of the same
designs features including the rear trailing arms and the anti-roll bars.

The use of the name "Clubman" for the Mini estate van was a break with classic Mini tradition.
"Clubman" was originally the name given to the 1970s face-lift of the classic Mini, which mostly
resulted in a squared-off front end, whereas the classic Mini estates had traditionally been
named "Traveller" or "Countryman". However, BMW did not initially purchase the rights to use
those names.
Mini Convertible (2009 to 2015)

Athlete Mo Farah in a Mini Convertible

at the Doha Diamond League

The second generation Mini Convertible was unveiled at the 2009 Detroit Auto Show[48] and the
2009 Geneva International Motor Show[49] as a 2009 model-year vehicle (first available for sale
on 28 March 2009[50]). A device, marketed as the "Openometer", records the number of minutes
the vehicle has operated with its roof retracted. Available variants and corresponding powertrain
selections are the same as in the Mini Hatch range, including the diesel engine in some markets.

Mini Countryman (2011 to 2016)

Mini Countryman

The Mini Countryman was announced in January 2010, and formally launched at the 2010
Geneva Motor Show. It is the first Mini crossover SUV, and the first five-door model to be
launched in the BMW-era. It is offered with a choice of two- or four-wheel drive (known as ALL4),
and with 1.6 L petrol or diesel and 2.0 L diesel four-cylinder engines in various states of tune.[51]
Sales started in September 2010 as a 2011 model-year vehicle.

The Countryman has a longer wheelbase, more interior room, and higher ground clearance than
the Clubman. It uses the same engines as the Hatch/Clubman range, but with an optional all-
wheel-drive powertrain (dubbed "ALL4") to allow minimal off-road and rugged terrain driving.[52]
A six-speed manual transmission is standard on all models, with automatic transmission
available on all petrol and diesel models except the 90 bhp One D.

Mini Coupé (2012 to 2015)

Mini John Cooper Works Coupé

Mini revealed the Coupé in June 2011. It is the first two-seat Mini and the first to have a three-
box design; the engine compartment, the passenger compartment and the luggage
compartments are all separated. It will also be the fastest production Mini ever: in John Cooper
Works trim, it does 0 to 62 mph (0 to 100 km/h) in 6.4 seconds and goes on to a top speed of
149 mph (240 km/h) as it is powered by a turbocharged 208 hp (155 kW) 1,598 cc four-cylinder.

Mini Roadster (2012 to 2015)

The Mini Roadster was first shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009[53] and is the
convertible version of the Mini Coupe. The Roadster is available in three trim levels: Cooper,
Cooper S, and John Cooper Works.[54]
Mini Paceman (2013 to 2016)

A Mini Paceman Cooper

The Mini Paceman three-door crossover version of the Countryman debuted as a concept car at
the 2011 Detroit Auto Show.[55] On 5 July 2012, senior vice president of Mini brand management,
Dr. Kay Segler, announced that, "the Mini Paceman is the official name of the brand's seventh
model, which will be launched next year (2013) in the U.S."[56] The production version was
launched at the 2012 Paris Motor Show, with sales starting in most international markets by the
second quarter of 2013.[57]

Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2014 to present)

3rd generation Mini hatchback

The third generation Mini was unveiled by BMW in November 2013, with sales starting in the first
half of 2014. The new car is 98 mm longer, 44 mm wider, and 7 mm taller than the outgoing
model, with a 28 mm longer wheelbase and an increase in track width (+42 mm front and
+34 mm rear). The increase in size results in a larger interior and a boot volume increase to 211
litres.[58]
Technical information

Engine summary
Model Years Type Power, torque @ rpm

Petrol engines

2009– 1,397 cc (1.397 L; 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 4,500,

First
2010 85.3 cu in) I4 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) @ 2,500

2007– 1,397 cc (1.397 L; 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) @ 6,000,

One
2010 85.3 cu in) I4 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) @ 4,000

1,598 cc (1.598 L; 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 6,000,

First 2010—
97.5 cu in) I4 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250

1,598 cc (1.598 L; 98 PS (72 kW; 97 hp) @ 6,000,

One 2010—
97.5 cu in) I4 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) @ 3,000

2007–
2010
Cooper Hardtop
2008– 1,598 cc (1.598 L; 120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp) @ 6,000,
Cooper Clubman
2010 97.5 cu in) I4 160 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft) @ 4,250
Cooper Convertible
2009–
2010

Cooper (all body 1,598 cc (1.598 L; 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) @ 6,000,
2010—
styles) 97.5 cu in) I4 160 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft) @ 4,250

175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) @ 5,500,

Cooper S Hardtop 2007— 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) @ 1,600–5,000
1,598 cc (1.598 L;
Cooper S Clubman 2008—
97.5 cu in) I4 turbo Overboost: 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) @
Cooper S Convertible 2009—
1,700–4,500
 184 PS (135 kW; 181 hp) @ 5,500,

Cooper S (all body 1,598 cc (1.598 L; 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) @ 1,600–5,000
2010—
styles) 97.5 cu in) I4 turbo Overboost: 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) @
1,700–4,500

John Cooper Works 211 PS (155 kW; 208 hp) @ 6,000,

CHALLENGE 2008— 1,598 cc (1.598 L; 261 N⋅m (193 lb⋅ft) @ 1,850–5,600

John Cooper Works 2009— 97.5 cu in) I4 turbo Overboost: 279 N⋅m (206 lb⋅ft) @
(all body styles) 2,000

Diesel engines

2007– 1,364 cc (1.364 L; 88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) @ 4,000,

One D
2009 83.2 cu in) I4 turbo 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) @ 1,750

2009– 1,560 cc (1.56 L;

One D 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 4,000,88 hp
2010 95 cu in) I4 turbo

110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp) @ 4,000,

2008– 1,560 cc (1.56 L; 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) @ 1,750–2,000
Cooper D
2010 95 cu in) I4 turbo
Overboost: 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft)

1,598 cc (1.598 L; 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 4,000,

One D 2010—
97.5 cu in) I4 turbo 215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) @ 1,750–2,500

1,598 cc (1.598 L; 112 PS (82 kW; 110 hp) @ 4,000,

Cooper D 2010—
97.5 cu in) I4 turbo 270 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) @ 1,750–2,250

1,995 cc (1.995 L; 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) @ 4,000,

Cooper SD 2011—
121.7 cu in) I4 turbo 305 N⋅m (225 lb⋅ft) @ 1,750–2,700

Electric motors

AC Propulsion 13000 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) @ 6,000–

rpm motor, 12,000, 225 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft) @ 0–5,000

E 2009—
100A @ 13.5 V power Regeneration: 115 N⋅m (85 lb⋅ft)
supply Continuous: 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp)
Internal designations
The original Mini was designated ADO 15,[59] the 15th model developed by the Austin Drawing
Office. ADO 20 is the code name to the Mini Mark III.[60] The 1961 Cooper was referred to code
ADO 50.[61]

Until 2013, all Rover and BMW era Mini models have R-series model numbers assigned to them,
a legacy of the Mini's original development within Rover Group. Future models will have an F-
series model number. The following designations are known:[62]

R50: "Mk I" Mini One & Cooper (2001–

2006)
R52: "Mk I" Mini Convertible (2004–
2008)
R53: "Mk I" Mini Cooper S (2001–2006)
R55: "Mk II" Mini Clubman (2007–2014)
R56: "Mk II" Mini Hatch/Hardtop range
(2006–2013)
R57: "Mk II" Mini Convertible (2009–)
R58: Coupé (2012–2015)[63]
R59: Roadster (2012–2015)[64]
R60: Countryman (2010–2016)
R61: Paceman (2013–2016)[65]
F54: Mini Clubman (2015–2024)
F56: Mini Hatch/Hardtop (2014–)[66]
F55: 5-door Hatch (2015–)
F60: Countryman (2017–)
Body type summary in UK
Chassis codes R55 R56 R57 R60 R61

Body styles Clubman Hardtop Convertible Countryman Paceman

Trim level Years

First – 2009— – – –

One – 2007— – – –

Cooper 2008— 2007— 2009— 2011— 2013–

Cooper S 2008— 2007— 2009— 2011— 2013–

John Cooper Works 2009— 2009— 2009— 2013— 2013–

John Cooper Works Challenge – 2008— – – –

Cooper D 2008— 2008— 2010— 2013— –

E – 2009 – – –

Development and production

Plant Swindon, the main production

site for Mini body pressings and sub-
assemblies
 Plant Oxford in Cowley, Oxford,
England, the main assembly plant for
the Mini range.

Before BMW's ownership, the traditional Mini had been at the Longbridge plant located next to
the headquarters of Rover until the sale of the company by BMW in March 2000.

In the selling of Rover by BMW to Phoenix Venture Holdings, the Longbridge plant was included
in the sales contract.

In time, production was rationalised to just Longbridge and so this was where the last of the cars
were made, making Longbridge the "natural home" for the new Mini prior to BMW splitting up the
company. However, as a result of the change of ownership, BMW redeveloped the entire Cowley
plant, demolishing much of the factory, to create a new factory and renamed this "Plant Oxford",
on the site of what was historically the Pressed Steel Company's Cowley Body Plant and next
door to what was historically the Morris factory.[67]

Since 2006, Plant Hams Hall produces the new Mini petrol engines, Plant Oxford is responsible
for the body shell production, paint and assembly, and Plant Swindon produces body pressings
and sub-assemblies, creating the "Mini Production Triangle".[68] Mini claim that 60% of
components of the Mini Mk II come from suppliers based in the UK compared to 40% for the
2001 model. The Countryman is the first modern Mini assembled outside the UK, with the
contract won by Magna Steyr in Austria.[10]

At Plant Oxford 4,000 employees, referred to as "associates", produce up to 800 cars each day
(approximately 240,000 per year).[69] The bodyshop at Cowley holds 429 robots, assembling 425
body panels; the bodyshells are then moved to the neighbouring paint shop where paint robots
apply the 14 exterior colour options and optional contrasting roof colours. Final assembly is
performed at Cowley, which involves the fitting of 2,400 components to produce the numerous
variants that may be ordered.[70]
All Prince four-cylinder petrol engines for Mini and BMW are produced at the Hams Hall Plant[71]
near Birmingham, United Kingdom, which has around 800 employees.[72] Diesel engines are
manufactured by BMW's Plant Steyr in Austria, having previously been manufactured in France
and England by PSA.

Mini sub-assemblies and pressings such as doors are supplied by the plant at Swindon, where
1,000 are employed and 280 pressed parts are produced using 135 welding robots.[73] The
Swindon plant was originally Swindon Pressings Ltd, founded in 1955 by the Pressed Steel
Company and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the BMW Group in May 2000.[74]

Minis are primarily developed in the United Kingdom by BMW's Development Division.[75]

In 2013, assembly of the Countryman was expanded to three international locations: from April
2013 at BMW's plant near Chennai, India, specifically for the Indian market[76][77] from June 2013
at the BMW Group Malaysia Assembly Plant in Kulim, Kedah,[78] and at the BMW Manufacturing
Thailand plant in Rayong from August 2013.[79] Since 2014 cars have also been assembled
under contract by VDL Nedcar near Maastricht in Limburg.[80][81]

A Mini 5-door hatch (F55) was available for the first time in 2014. The 5-door is exclusively
assembled at Plant Oxford with additional tooling for the body sides, new equipment in the wax
sealing line in the plant's paint shop to accommodate the extra door and differences in the
shaping of the rear of the car. Plant Swindon produces the new rear door cells in the sub-
assembly line with additional roof and panel tooling in the press shop.[9]

Sales
A total of around 5.3 million of the original two-door Minis were sold, making it by far the most
popular British car of all time. Thousands of these are still on the road, with the remaining pre-
1980s versions being firmly established as collectors' items.

Deliveries of Minis has ranged from 188,077 in 2006 to 232,425 in 2008. In 2009 216,538 cars
were delivered,[82] with 69.3% being Mini Hatch/Hardtop, 13.1% Convertible models and 17.6%
the Clubman variant. Over 53% were the Cooper version, with 26.2% Cooper S, and the basic One
20.2%.[83]
In 2009, the Mini was Britain's seventh best selling car—the first time that a BMW-era Mini had
appeared among the nation's top 10 selling cars.[84] It also was Britain's seventh best selling car
in June 2010.

Mini sales worldwide were up 22% in 2011 over 2010, with 285,000 cars delivered across the
globe. In the U.S., the brand's largest market, 57,000 were sold in 2011, a 26% increase over
2010. The next two largest markets, the United Kingdom and Germany, saw 13% and 28% sales
increases over 2010, respectively.[85]

A total of 301,526 Mini vehicles were sold worldwide in 2012.[11] The largest national market was
the United States, with 66,123 units sold, followed by the United Kingdom with 50,367.[11] The
Mini Countryman sold a total of 102,250 units in the year.[11]

Marketing

A Mini advertisement in
Warsaw, Poland

Butler, Shine, Stern & Partners, Mini's advertising agency, produced a video series in 2007 called
Hammer & Coop, directed by Todd Phillips as part of an ad campaign for the Mini.[86]

Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Mini's advertising agency, produced a movie called Counterfeit Mini
Coopers as part of the ad campaign.[87]

To advertise Mini Clubman's 2008 introduction to the Chinese market, Beijing Mini offered a Mini
Rickshaw, which uses the rear half of Mini Clubman.[88]
Controversy
It is reported that BMW was ordered by U.S. regulators to reduce fuel economy ratings on four
2014 Mini Coopers as results from EPA testing did not match the automaker's submissions.[89]

The rear turn signals have been heavily criticised for pointing in the wrong way, as that may lead
to accidents.[90][91]

Films
In 1969, the original British Mini was featured in the gold-heist film The Italian Job starring
Michael Caine and Noël Coward.[92]

In 2002, an original Austin Mini Mayfair MKV was featured in the Bourne Identity.[93] In the action
scene, Matt Damon's character is chased through Paris, France .

In 2003, the new MINI Cooper was shown in a remake of The Italian Job. One Chilli Red MINI was
a Cooper S Hatch R53, the Electric Blue MINI was a Cooper Hatch R53, and the Pepper White
MINI was also a Cooper Hatch R53. Charlize Theron's character also drivers an original Rover
Mini Cooper.

In 2023, ten Mini Countryman R60 are used as chase vehicles in Fast X, the tenth instalment of
the Fast and Furious franchise. The film's picture car supervisor in Europe and the UK, Alex King,
said he bought 10 Countrymans in the UK for the film, before modifying them to look like a
proper rally car.[94]
Demonstration models

Mini E (2009 to 2010)

Mini E electric car

The Mini E is a front-wheel drive electric car powered version of the Mini and was unveiled in
2008 at the Los Angeles Auto Show,[95] with an electric motor rated 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) and
220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft), 380 V 35 kilowatt-hours (130 MJ) lithium-ion battery with distance of 240
kilometres (150 mi). It has top speed of 152 km/h (94 mph). The vehicle gliders are built in the
Mini factory in Oxford, while batteries, electric drive and power electronics are manufactured in
Munich. The components are then shipped to a specially equipped manufacturing complex,
situated on BMW plant premises where the electric motor, battery units, performance electronics
and transmission can be integrated.[96]

The Mini E is a demonstration car part of BMW's "Project i", which will be followed in mid-2011
by a similar trial with the BMW ActiveE (all-electric vehicle), which will be built based on the
lessons learned from the Mini E field testing. The last phase of "Project i" is the development of
the Mega City Vehicle (MCV) urban electric car, a new brand that will be sold separately from
BMW or Mini, and is expected to go into mass production between 2013 and 2015.[97][98][99][100]
Field testing began in June 2009 and 450 Mini E were made available through leasing to private
users in Los Angeles and the New York/New Jersey area.[101] In May 2010 BMW announced that
leasing could be renewed for another year at a lower leasing price.[99][102] Another field test was
launched in the UK in December 2009, where more than 40 Mini E cars were handed to private
users for a two consecutive six-month field trial periods.[103] Additional field testing is taking
place in Germany and France.[97][104][105][106] This trial program allowed the BMW Group to
become the world's first major car manufacturer to deploy a fleet of more than 500 all-electric
vehicles for private use.[107]

Concept cars

The Mini Rocketman on display at the

2011 Geneva Motor Show

There were several Mini concept cars produced to show future ideas and forthcoming models
such as the ACV30 in 1997 and the Crossover in 2008 which became the Mini Countryman in
2010.

The ACV30 featured several elements that influenced the eventual new Mini of 2001 such as the
black a-pillars, chunky wheel arch detailing and white roof. The concept was attributed to the
BMW designer Adrian van Hooydonk[108] and Frank Stephenson.

Mini John Cooper Works GP Concept

Alternative fuel versions
BMW demonstrated a hydrogen-powered internal combustion technology in some of their
concept cars in 2000 and 2001, and Mini showcased a hydrogen-powered concept car in 2001 at
the Frankfurt Auto Show. The car differs from electric-motor hydrogen concepts, such as the
Honda FCX in that it uses a cylinder-based internal combustion engine.

An all-electric Mini is in use at the British Embassy in Mexico that uses around 200 kilograms
(440 lb) of Lithium Ion batteries. Three electric Minis were also made for use in some subway
scenes in the 2003 movie The Italian Job to satisfy the subway authorities concerns over
possible carbon monoxide poisoning.

PML Flightlink developed a prototype series-hybrid conversion, called "Mini QED", replacing the
drivetrain with an 160 bhp (120 kW) electric motor in each wheel and an efficient on-board petrol
generator.[109]

Motorsport

The 1964 Morris Mini Cooper S,

winner of the 1965 Monte Carlo Rally

The Mini Cooper S won the Monte Carlo Rally in 1964, 1965 and 1967.[110] Minis were initially
placed first, second and third in the 1966 rally as well, but were controversially disqualified for
the use of a variable resistance headlamp dimming circuit in place of a dual-filament lamp.[111]

An R56 Challenge vehicle was entered in the 2008 Mini Challenge.[112] The Mini Challenge
Motorsport Category runs globally, with the categories in Germany, Australia, England, Spain,
New Zealand, and Saudi Arabia commencing in 2010.

RSR Motorsports has entered three Mini Coopers in the KONI Challenge Series Street Tuner
class.[113]

Mini Countryman WRC

Mini Countryman WRC car

On 27 July 2010, Mini announced plans to enter the World Rally Championship.[114] The
Countryman is the chosen donor model and Prodrive have been selected to prepare the Mini
Countryman WRC. The factory team competed in a reduced programme for the 2011 WRC
season, before cutting funding. Prodrive will still produce all specs of the Countryman WRC cars,
but will self fund a reduced programme for the 2012.

Formula E safety car

On 30 March 2021, Mini announced the fully-electric Pacesetter. The car is intended for use from
the 2020–21 Formula E World Championship onwards.[115]
Awards and criticism

Mini owners were invited to bring their

cars to the world premiere of The
Italian Job

The original two-door Mini has won numerous awards, perhaps the most notable being: "Car of
the Century" (Autocar magazine 1995), "Number One Classic Car of All Time" (Classic & Sports
Car magazine 1996) and "European Car of the Century" in a worldwide Internet poll run by the
prestigious Global Automotive Elections Foundation in 1999. The original Mini achieved second
place for "Global Car of the Century" in the same poll (behind the Model T Ford).

The Mini Cooper/Cooper S (2001–2006) won the North American Car of the Year award in
2003.[116] The convertible model won the Most Spirited/Entry-Level category of the 2005
International Car of the Year. Following the launch of the Mk II Mini, Top Gear named the new
Cooper S their Small Car of the Year 2006.[117] The car was runner up in the 2007 World Car of the
Year. In 2008 the green version of the Mini, the Mini Cooper D, was nominated for
WhatGreenCar.com (http://www.whatgreencar.com) Car of the Year Awards. The judges
commended the Cooper D for its EfficientDynamics stop-start and regenerative braking
technology and were impressed by the car's driving experience. The Cooper D reached the
shortlist for the Green Car Awards, but lost to the Ford Focus ECOnetic. In April 2010 Kelley Blue
Book included the Mini Cooper as one of its Top 10 Green Cars for 2010.[118][119]

Dr. Alex Moulton, the designer of the suspension system for the original two-door Mini, spoke
about the new Mini in an interview with MiniWorld magazine: "It's enormous—the original Mini
was the best packaged car of all time—this is an example of how not to do it. It's huge on the
outside and weighs the same as an Austin Maxi. The crash protection has been taken too far. I
mean, what do you want, an armoured car? It is an irrelevance insofar as it has no part in the
Mini story."[120]

The Pulitzer Prize-winning automotive journalist Dan Neil has suggested that, with the
introduction of the Countryman, Mini had pushed the marque beyond relevance by making a car
so long, wide and tall it forsook the inner logic of the brand: excellent handling in a tiny size.[121]
In the 2013 International Engine of the Year Awards which took place on 5 June 2013, Mini won
an award for its 1.6 liter four-cylinder TwinPower Turbo from the Mini Cooper S for the third time
in a row in the category of 1.4 to 1.8 liter engines. The engine has "twin-scroll turbocharging with
an overboost function, direct petrol injection and valve control based on the Valvetronic
system"[122] and has an output of 135 kW/184 hp and provides enough power for the Mini
Cooper S to accelerate from 0–100 in 7.0 seconds and in 2013 is available for Mini Cooper S
Countryman and Mini Cooper S Paceman and an ALL-4 transmission can also be added to the
configuration.[123][124]

See also

Mini Paceman
Frank Stephenson

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External links

Official international Mini website (htt

p://www.mini.com)
Official MINI(International) (https://twitt
er.com/MINI) account on Twitter
Media related to Mini and BMW Mini at
Wikimedia Commons

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title=Mini_(marque)&oldid=1222590869"
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