IAS fizfyEl

VsLV lhjhT+k&2024
lkekU; vè;;u vkSj lhlSV
iSdst-III
izkjaHk vksiu ekWd VsLV dqy 29 VsLV~l
5
29 vDrwcj] 2023
lHkh ds fy;s fu%'kqYd
çfrHkkfx;ksa ds fy;s
uoacj vkWuykbu fçfyEl VsLV lhjhT+k 2024 ij
2023 fo'ks"k NwV

fganh vkSj vaxzsT+kh nksuksa ekè;e esa

vkWuykbu vkSj vkWQykbu

'kqYd% `9,000/-
(n`f"V ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrq 'kqYd% `7,000/-)
VsLV lhjhT+k lsaVj
eq[kthZ uxj djksy ckx iz;kxjkt t;iqj y[kuÅ
o/kZeku dkWEiysDl] usg: 21] iwlk jksM] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] IykWV uacj&45 o 45&, g"kZ 47@ lhlh] cfyZaxVu ekWy]
fogkj] fudV eq[kthZ djksy ckx] ubZ flfoy ykbUl] Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] foèkkulHkk ekxZ] ykyckx]
uxj] fnYyh fnYyh iz;kxjkt olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kuÅ] ;w-ih
  LVsfVd ,oa djsaV vQs;lZ dh lk>k rS;kjh dSls djsa\
 ;g dSls lqfuf'pr djsa fd 26 ebZ] 2024 ls iwoZ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dk de&ls&de rhu ckj
fjohT+ku fd;k tk lds\
 ijh{kk gkWy esa /kS;Z vkSj 'kkafr dSls cuk, j[ks\a
 UPSC dh fodYi fu/kkZj.k rduhd ds iSVuZ dks le>dj ç'u dk vH;kl dSls djs\a
 ,Iyhds'ku o vkWCT+koZ's ku vk/kkfjr ç'uksa dk vH;kl dSls djs\a
 foxr o"kks± esa ftu fo"k;ksa dk nksgjko gks jgk gS] mu ij dSls è;ku ns\a

fç; fo|kfFkZ;ksa]
;wih,llh flfoy lsok ijh{kk dk dksbZ Hkh xaHkhj vH;FkhZ mi;qZDr ç'uksa dks u”kjvank”k ugha dj ldrkA vkidk p;u bu ç'uksa ds lVhd
mÙkj lkèk dh vkidh ;ksX;rk ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA
n`f"V laLFkku us f'k{k.k ,oa ekxZn'kZu ds vius o"kks± ds vuqHko ds vkèkkj ij bUgha ç'uksa ds lekèkku gsrq n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k&2024
dks rS;kj fd;k gSA ijh{kk dh rS;kjh dks vkSj csgrj cukus gsrq ge vkidks bl dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy;s vkeaf=kr djrs gSaA

n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%

z flfoy lsok ijh{kk ds laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe dk ekud cgq&fodYih; ç'uksa (MCQs) ds ekè;e ls O;kid dojstA
z lsD'kuy VsLV~l ds ekè;e ls ,d fuf'pr le; esa lHkh fo"k;ksa dks vPNs ls doj djus dh lqfoèkk rFkk fo"k;okj çxfr dk vkdyuA
z tuojh 2023 ls vizSy 2024 rd ds laiw.kZ djsaV viQs;lZ dk O;kid :i ls dojs”kA
z rF;kRed o voèkkj.kkRed ç'uksa ls ysdj ,Iyhds'ku o vkWC”koZs'ku vkèkkfjr ç'uksa rd lHkh çdkj ds ç'uksa dk vkuqikfrd lekos'kA
z VsLV dks bl çdkj fM”kkbu fd;k x;k gS fd Nk=k ,X”kke gkWy esa viuh tksf•e ysus dh {kerkvksa dk vkdyu dj ldsaA
z VsLV dks bl çdkj fM”kkbu fd;k x;k gS fd Nk=k UPSC }kjk ckj&ckj nksgjkbZ tkus okyh Fkhe ij dekaM gkfly dj ldsaA
z bl VsLV dks Nk=kksa dks ijh{kk gkWy esa mudh tksf•e ysus dh {kerkvksa ds ckjs esa tkuus ,oa rS;kj djus gsrq fM”kkbu fd;k x;k gSA
z vH;fFkZ;ksa dks çn'kZu fo'ys"k.k] •aMokj fo'ys"k.k] dfBukbZ ds Lrj dk fo'ys"k.k] vf•y Hkkjrh; jSad] VkWilZ ls rqyuk] ,dhÑr Ldksj
dkMZ] ç'uksa dh çÑfr ,oa tfVyrk ds vkèkkj ij ekWd VsLV isij dk fo'ys"k.k vkfn dh lqfoèkk,¡A
z çn'kZu dk lrr~ ewY;kadu ,oa j.kuhfr esa lqèkkj dk voljA
z fo"k;ksa dh lkjxfHkZr ,oa xgu le> rFkk ijh{kk gsrq egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa dh igpku gsrq ekWd ç'uksa dh foLr`r O;k[;kA

lajpuk%
n`f"V fizfyEl VsLV lhjh”k&2024 esa dqy 29 VsLV~l gSa] ftuesa 19 lkekU; vè;;u rFkk 10 lhlSV ds VsLV~l 'kkfey gksaxsA

13 lsD'kuy
GS 1 fjohT+ku
29
VsLV~l 5 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe

CSAT 10 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe

2
 foxr ckjg o"kks± ds flfoy lsok çkjafHkd ijh{kk i=ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij
lkekU; vè;;u ds fofHkUu [kaMksa dk rqyukRed egÙo
lkekU; vè;;u ds iz'u ikB~;Øe esa 'kkfey fofHkUu [kaMksa@fo"k;ksa ls fdl vuqikr esa iwNs tk,axs] ;g fuf'pr ugha gSA vkerkSj ij bfrgkl]
jktO;oLFkk] ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k] vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa Hkwxksy ls ”;knk iz'u iwNs tkrs gSa] ysfdu o"kZ 2016 esa blesa vkewypwy ifjorZu ns[kk
x;kA ifjorZu dh ;g ço`fÙk o"kZ 2023 esa Hkh fo|eku jghA bl rjg iz'uksa ds vuqikr dh izo`fÙk fcYdqy gh vfuf'pr gSA uhps nh xbZ rkfydk
esa vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd o"kZ 2012 ls 2023 rd fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs tkus okys iz'uksa dk vuqikr D;k jgk gSA

fo"k; 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Hkkjrh; bfrgkl 20 16 19 16 16 13 22 16 19 19 14 13

Hkkjrh; jkT;O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu 21 17 10 13 6 22 13 15 18 17 10 14

Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy 17 18 20 18 3 8 9 8 6 12 12 17

ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k 14 14 20 12 16 17 10 19 20 17 13 15

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa fodkl 14 18 11 16 15 29 22 20 23 17 19 14

lkekU; foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh 10 16 12 9 7 3 14 15 12 12 17 8

djsaV visQ;lZ 04 01 08 16 37 8 10 7 2 6 15 19

dqy 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

fuEukafdr rkfydk esa bl ckr ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gS fd foxr ckjg o"kks± esa lhlSV ds fofHkUu [kaMksa ls fdrus iz'u iwNs x, gSaA bls ns[kdj
vki vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd fdu [kaMksa ij vkidks ”;knk è;ku nsuk pkfg;sA

2012&2023 rd lhlSV esa fofHkUu [kaMksa ls iwNs x, iz'uksa dh la[;k

ikB~;Øe dk [kaM 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

cksèkxE;rk (f}Hkkf"kd) 32 24 26 30 27 30 26 30 25 26 27 27

vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk 8 8 6* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

vkèkkjHkwr la[;;u 3 9 16 20 28 24 17 26 22 21 24 39

vk¡dM+ksa dk fuoZpu i;kZIrrk 0 5 5 0 0 0 12 10 11 17 17 9

rdZ'kfDr@fo'ys"k.kkRed {kerk 30 28 27 30 25 26 25 14 22 16 12 5

fu.kZ; ysuk ,oa leL;k

7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lekèkku
dqy 80 80 80* 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

* o"kZ 2014 esa vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ls lacafèkr iz'uksa dh x.kuk ugha dh xbZ Fkh vFkkZr~ dV vkWiQ vad ds fy;s dsoy 74 iz'uksa dk gh
ewY;kadu fd;k x;k FkkA o"kZ 2015 ls vaxzs”kh cksèkxE;rk ds ç'uksa dks gVk fn;k x;k gSA

3
 fizfyEl VsLV lhjhT+k & 2024 (laiw.kZ dk;ZØe)
dqy VsLV&29 (19 lkekU; vè;;u rFkk 10 lhlSV)

VsLV dksM fnukad ikB~;Øe djsaV vQs;lZ

tqykbZ 2023
5 uoacj] 2023 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&I $
2408 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl
flracj 2023 vad)

vxLr 2023
26 uoacj] 2023 vFkZO;oLFkk $
2409 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
vDrwcj 2023 vad)

3 fnlacj] 2023
C2401 lhlSV&1
(jfookj)

flracj 2023
10 fnlacj] 2023 Hkwxksy&I $
2410 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
uoacj 2023 vad)

Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (izkphu ,oa vDrwcj 2023

17 fnlacj] 2023
2411 eè;dkyhu) $ dyk ,oa laLÑfr (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj)
$ Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&II fnlacj 2023 vad)

tuojh&twu 2023
24 fnlacj] 2023 Hkwxksy&II $
2412 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
ekpZ&vxLr 2023 vad)

31 fnlacj] 2023
C2402 lhlSV&2
(jfookj)

tuojh&iQjojh 2023
7 tuojh] 2024 vFkZO;oLFkk $
2413 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
ekpZ&viSzy 2023 vad)

ekpZ&viSzy 2023
14 tuojh] 2024
2414 Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj)
ebZ&twu 2023 vad)

ebZ&twu 2023
21 tuojh] 2024 (çkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu Hkkjr
2415 (n`f"V djsVa visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) dk bfrgkl) $ dyk ,oa laLÑfr
tqykbZ&vxLr 2023 vad)

28 tuojh] 2024
C2403 lhlSV&3
(jfookj)

*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

4
 tqykbZ@vxLr 2023
4 iQjojh] 2024
2416 vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl (n`f"V djsVa visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj)
flracj@vDrwcj 2023 vad)

flracj@vDrwcj 2023
11 iQjojh] 2024
2417 Hkwxksy (n`f"V djsVa visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj)
uoacj@fnlacj 2023 vad)

uoacj 2023
18 iQjojh] 2024
2418 vFkZO;oLFkk (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu tuojh 2024
(jfookj)
vad)

25 iQjojh] 2024
C2404 lhlSV&4
(jfookj)

fnlacj 2023
3 ekpZ] 2024 foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh $
2419 (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu
(jfookj) i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
iQjojh 2024 vad)

10 ekpZ] 2024 vkfFkZd losZ{k.k ,oa tuojh 2024

2420
(jfookj) bafM;k bZ;j cqd (n`f"V djsaV visQ;lZ VqMs eSx”khu ekpZ 2024 vad)

17 ekpZ] 2024
C2405 lhlSV&5
(jfookj)

24 ekpZ] 2024
PTSR-1 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u)
(jfookj)

7 vizSy] 2024
2421 / C2406 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u) @ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k& II (lhlSV)
(jfookj)

14 vizSy] 2024
2422 / C2407 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u) @ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k& II (lhlSV)
(jfookj)

21 vizSy] 2024
2423 / C2408 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u) @ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k& II (lhlSV)
(jfookj)

28 vizSy] 2024
2424 / C2409 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u) @ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k& II (lhlSV)
(jfookj)

5 ebZ] 2024
2425 / C2410 laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k&I (lkekU; vè;;u) @ laiw.kZ ikB~;Øe iz'ui=k& II (lhlSV)
(jfookj)

*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

5
 foLr`r ikB~;Øe
VsLV dksM 2408 z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa jktO;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&I $ vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu (Hkkx&I)
z jktuhfrd ç.kkfy;k¡ % voèkkj.kk,¡] :i rFkk çdkj VsLV dksM 2409
z Hkkjrh; lafoèkku%
vFkZO;oLFkk $ foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe ™ lafoèkku fuekZ.k ,oa mlds n'kZu
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
z lafoèkku dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%
™ çLrkouk ™ la?kh; O;oLFkk dh çÑfr z ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡ rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk lacaèkh ifjHkk"kk,¡
™ la?k dk {ks=k ™ dsæa &jkT; lacèa k vkSj varjkZT;h; z ;kstukc¼ vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl]
™ ukxfjdrk lacaèk uhfr vk;ksx
™ ewy vfèkdkj ,oa ewy dÙkZO; ™ vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku z vkfFkZd lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd
™ jkT; ds uhfr&funs'kd rÙo ™ laoSèkkfud vkSj xSj&laoSèkkfud gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj
™ la'kksèku dh çfØ;k fudk; (lkafofèkd] fu;ked z jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu%
™ lafoèkku dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ,oa fofHkUu v¼Z & U;kf;d ™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy
™ lalnh; O;oLFkk fudk;) jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (vkèkqfud) ™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn
zHkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu ds fofHkUu pj.k] 1857 dk çFke Hkkjrh; z eqæk ,oa cSafdax%
Lora=krk laxzke] lkekftd&èkkfeZd lqèkkj] eè;e pj.k] vafre pj.k] ™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn
Økafrdkjh vkradokn] xkaèkhoknh tu la?k"kZ dk ;qx] lkE;okn dk çHkko ™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax
™ 18oha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr % ;wjksih;ksa dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu rFkk eqxy lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn
lkezkT; dk iru ™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr
™ Hkkjr esa fczfV'k dk vkxeu % ç'kklu ,oa vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡ (1757-1857) vuqikr] jsiks vkfn)
™ c<+rk vkØks'k rFkk 1857 dk foæksg_ 1857 ds ckn gq, ç'kklfud ifjorZu ™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn
™ 19oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZ¼Z esa lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd tkxj.k z eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj%
™ çkjafHkd jk"Vªokn (o"kZ 1857 ls 1906 ds chp) dkWUxzsl dk xBu ™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k]
vkSj ujeiaFkh pj.k eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`';
™ pjeiaFkh pj.k (1905 ls 1919 ds chp)] caxky o lwjr foHkktu ™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr)
(1906) z ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr%
™ Økafrdkjh jk"Vªokn dk pj.k o fons'kh vkanksyu ™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
™ Lons'kh vkanksyu] gkse :y vkanksyu ™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk
™ tu&vkanksyu ds pj.k (1919&1942) % jk"Vªh; vkanksyuksa esa xkaèkhoknh ;qx ™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj
™ jkWysV ,DV] tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdkaM vkSj f[+kykI+kQr vkanksyu ™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr
™ Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa lektoknh #>ku] fdlku lHkk ykHk] MAT bR;kfn
™ vlg;ksx] lfou; voKk] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu ™ 14ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
™ o"kZ 1942 ls Hkkjr dh vk”kknh rd dh ?kVuk,¡ (vk”kkn fgan iQkSt] z fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
vkj-vkbZ-,u- foæksg vkfn) ™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
™ lqèkkj] vfèkfu;e vkSj lfefr;k¡] dkWUxzl
s l=k] xouZj tujy vkSj ok;ljk; ™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku)
™ tutkrh; vkSj fdlku vkanksyu] vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj çsl dk fodkl] ™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds çfrf"Br O;fDrRo ™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink
™ vk”kknh ds ckn dk Hkkjr % jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k] Hkk"kh; vkèkkj ij vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA
jkT;ksa dk xBu] pquko
z foÙkh; ck”kkj%
™ vk”kknh ds ckn çeq• jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd ?kVukØe]
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj
lqèkkj ,oa uhfr;k¡
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tqykbZ 2023) fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn)
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

6
 z m|ksx% ™ m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd
™ vkS|ksfxd uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh; ™ nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u 'kkL=k
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`'; ™ tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k] ztho foKku
LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn) ™ ifjp;] thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k
z lsok,¡% ™ dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku
™ orZeku fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl ™ thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq ™ tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
n`f"Vdks.k ™ vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
z o`Qf"k%
zçkS|ksfxdh
™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
™ Hkkjr esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh
™ varfj{k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj
™ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡
™ i;kZoj.k vkSj foKku] mQtkZ] ukfHkdh; izkS|ksfxdh
z chek%
™ tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡
™ vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
z Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
™ vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn
™ uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
z lrr~ fodkl%
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (vxLr 2023)
™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal]
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
z ekuo fodkl% ™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh; ™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd lkekU; foKku] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
fo'ks"krk,¡
™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡ VsLV dksM 2410
z ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k Hkwxksy&I $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dk HkkSfrd Hkwxksy (Hkkx&I)
i=k dh leL;k] zHkkjr dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)%
™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k
™ vofLFkfr] {ks=k vkSj lhek,¡
™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF;
™ lajpuk ,oa mPpkop % Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu& ioZr] Hkkjrh; eSnkuh
lsok o f'k{kk {ks=k] çk;}hih; iBkj ,oa Hkkjrh; }hi
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ™ rkieku] ncko] ok;q vkSj o"kkZ dk LFkkfud ,oa vLFkk;h forj.kA
zHkkSfrd foKku ™ Hkkjrh; viokg ra=k % fgeky;h rFkk çk;}hih; viokg ra=k
™ ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr ™ Hkkjrh; tyok;q (ekulwu) % {ks=kh; ekSle] tyok;q vkSj ½rq,]¡ pØokr]
™ ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k o"kkZ çk:i] Hkkjr ds tyok;q {ks=k
™ dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr ™ ikni vkSj i'kq thou] çkÑfrd ouLifr {ks=kh; fHkUurk
™ Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k ™ ou rFkk mudk forj.k] ou laj{k.k
™ fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k ™ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k% ,Dl&lhVw] bu&lhVw&ck;ksLiQh;j fj”kZo] jk"Vªh; m|ku]
™ ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh oU; tohu vHk;kj.k vkSj laxBuA
™ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku ™ e`nk ds çdkj] {ks=kh; fHkUurk,¡ rFkk laj{k.k
z jlk;u foKku ™ çkÑfrd •rjs o vkink,¡ rFkk vkink çcaèku
™ inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k ™ Hkkjrh; Hkwxksy ekufp=k dk;Z
™ ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq zfo'o dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)%
™ rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k ™ izklafxd ledkyhu HkkSxksfyd eqn~nksa] ?kVukvksa rFkk ekufp=k dk;Z ds
™ dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u lkFk&lkFk
™ vEy] {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq ™ i`Foh rFkk czãkaM] i`Foh dk vkarfjd Hkkx
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

7
 ™ egk}hiksa dk vkdkj] egk}hih; foLFkkiu] Tokykeq•h] Hkwdai
™ i`Foh dh xfr;k¡&IysV foorZfudh] leqæ ry çlkj
™ LFkykÑfr;k¡] vi{k;] o`gn~ {kj.k ,oa vijnu
™ fo'o tyok;q] tyok;q oxhZdj.k % dksisu
™ ok;qeaMy] xzgh; vkSj LFkkuh; gok,¡
™ Å"ek ctV rFkk Åijh ok;qeaMyh; ifj?kVuk,¡
™ egklkxj] leqæ vkSj yo.krk] egklkxjksa dh furyh; LFkykÑfr
™ egklkxjksa dh xfr;k¡ % egklkxjh; èkkjk,¡] Tokj] ygjsa
™ tyfo|qr pØ] rkieku forj.k rFkk çoky ,oa lacafèkr ifj?kVuk,¡
™ çkÑfrd ouLifr] i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k % ckáLFkkus] LoLFkkus&tSoeaMy
fj”koZ] jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.; ,oa laLFkku
™ e`nk rFkk bldh lajpuk] e`nk ds çdkj] vijnu ,oa laj{k.k] çkÑfrd
•rjs vkSj vkink,¡
™ ,f'k;k] vÚhdk] mÙkjh vesfjdk] nf{k.k vesfjdk] vaVkdZfVdk] ;wjksi
vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k egk}hih; fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa ekufp=k dk;Z
i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
zikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k%
™ voèkkj.kk,¡ % ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds
dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k
™ LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k
ztSo fofoèkrk%
™ ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo
fofoèkrk dks •rjs]
™ lqjf{kr {ks=k % jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] tSoeaMy fj”koZ]
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou]
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn
™ tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh
™ Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh
vkSj çHkko vkdyu
ztSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o%
™ i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;
™ jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph&
Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972
™ ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj]
çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
zi;kZoj.kh; eqís%
™ çnw"k.k ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr
™ çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj
zo`Qf"k%
™ iQly rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh
™ lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku
z tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu%
™ oSf'od rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$
™ UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa
8
™ dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl
™ Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
zHkkjr vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
™ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl
™ baVsaMsM us'kuyh fMVjekbaM dkafVªC;w'kUl (INDC)
zvfèkfu;e] uhfr;k¡ vkSj 'keu gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡%
™ i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh vkSj çHkko vkdyu] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;k¡
™ lrr~ fodkl] Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972] i;kZoj.k
(laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1986
™ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tSo fofoèkrk vfèkfu;e 2002] vknzHZ kwfe fu;e 2010
™ vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; ikjaifjd ouoklh vfèkfu;e 2006] rVh;
fofu;eu {ks=k
™ jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 2010] vkstksu vi{k;dkjh inkFkZ fu;e
zvarjkZ"Vªh; vfHkle; vkSj çksVksdkWy%
™ i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCED)] tSo
fofoèkrk vfHkle; (CBD)] jkelj dUosa'ku] CITES] IUCN] CMS
™ oU;tho O;kikj (TRAFFIC)] rLdjh] (CAWT)] fVacj vkWxZukbts'ku
(ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
™ csly dUosa'ku] LVkWdgkse dUosa'ku] jkWVjMSe dUosa'ku
™ la;qDr jk"Vª ejQLFkyhdj.k jksdFkke dUosa'ku (UNCCD)] ouksa ij
la;qDr jk"Vª iQksje (UNFF)
™ baVjus'kuy Ogsfyax deh'ku (IWC)] fo;uk dUos'a ku ,aM ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy
zi;kZoj.k laLFkku ,oa laxBu & Hkkjr%
™ jk"Vªh; oU;tho dk;Z;kstuk] jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl cksMZ
™ CAMPA] CEPI-] bZdks&ekdZ] lkekftd okfudh] jk"Vªh; ck¡l fe'ku
™ jk"Vªh; tSo fofoèkrk çkfèkdj.k] eSaxzkso] jk"Vªh; >hy laj{k.k ;kstuk
™ Hkkjrh; i'kq dY;k.k cksMZ] oU;tho vijkèk fu;a=k.k C;wjks bR;kfn
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (flracj 2023)
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy
VsLV dksM 2411
Hkkjr dk izkphu o eè;dkyhu bfrgkl $
dyk ,oa laLÏfr $ Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk&II
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (izkphu)
z çkphu Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
z fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd]
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl
zegÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
™ çkxSfrgkfld dky (ik"kk.k dky] rkez&ik"kk.k dky)
™ çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl (egÙo] i`"BHkwfe] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡)
™ gM+Iik@flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk
 ™ oSfnd dky (½XoSfnd ls mÙkj&oSfnd pj.k rd% lekt] vFkZO;oLFkk] ™ Hkkjr esa ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFky % lkaLÑfrd] ,sfrgkfld vkSj
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] èkeZ] fopkjèkkjk,¡)_ oSfnd bfrgkl ds lzksr egÙoiw.kZ laLFkku
™ egktuin (exèk] dksly] o`fTt bR;kfn) ™ eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ o lkfgR;
™ èkkfeZd lqèkkj (tSu èkeZ] ckS¼ èkeZ vkfn dk mn;) ™ esys vkSj ioZ_ ek'kZy vkVZ
™ iwoZ&ekS;Z dky (g;Zd] f'k'kqukx] uan oa'k vkfn) Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (Hkkx&II)
™ iQkjlh rFkk eslsMksfu;u vkØe.k] dyk rFkk laLÑfr ij çHkko
z jktO;oLFkk dh egÙoiw.kZ voèkkj.kk,¡ % la?k dk;Zikfydk] laln] jkT;
(mnkgj.k& xkaèkkj 'kSyh] xzhd&ckS¼ laLÑfr)
dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ikfydk] LFkkuh; ljdkj] pquko rFkk pqukoh lqèkkj]
™ ekS;Z dky vkSj ekS;kZsÙkj dky] laxe dky
™ eè;&,f'k;kbZ vkØe.k (baMksxzhd] 'kd] igyoh] dq"kk.k) jkT;ksa gsrq fo'ks"k çkoèkku] 'kklu
™ xqIr dky vkSj xqIrksÙkj dky (g"kZoèkZu vkfn) zdsaæ ljdkj%
™ nf{k.k ,oa if'pe Hkkjr ds jkT; (lkrokgu] iYyo] pkyqD;] ikaMÔ vkfn) ™ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (eè;dkyhu) ™ çèkkuea=kh] dsaæh; eaf=kifj"kn
™ eaf=keaMy lfefr;k¡] laln (dk;Z] 'kfDr rFkk çdk;Z] laln dh Hkwfedk)
z eè;dkyhu Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
™ lalnh; lfefr;k¡] lewg vkSj eap
z fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd]
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl zjkT; ljdkj%
™ jkT;iky ™ jkT; eaf=kifj"kn
z egÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
™ eq[;ea=kh ™ jkT; foèkkf;dk
™ vkjafHkd eè; dky % mÙkj Hkkjr lkezkT; (f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ& iky]
çfrgkj] jk"VªdwV)] nf{k.k Hkkjr lkezkT; (pksy jktoa'k] psj jktoa'k] zU;k;ikfydk%
ikaMÔ jktoa'k) ™ mPpre U;k;ky;
™ eè;;qxhu vkØe.k (x”kuh] xksjh vkfn) ™ mPp U;k;ky;] vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;
™ fnYyh lYrur (ekeyqd lqYrku] f[kyth oa'k] rqxyd oa'k] lSÕ;n ™ U;kf;d leh{kk] U;kf;d lfØ;rk
oa'k rFkk yksnh oa'k) ™ tufgr ;kfpdk
™ fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT; z LFkkuh; ljdkj%
™ lkaLÑfrd rFkk èkkfeZd vkanksyu% HkfDr vkanksyu] lwiQh vkanksyu ™ iapk;rh jkt ™ LFkkuh; 'kgjh ljdkj
™ viQxku] jktiwr] lwj] eqxy oa'k rFkk opZLo dh yM+kbZ vkSj ikuhir
zvU;%
dk ;q¼
™ dqN jkT;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k çkoèkku
™ nf{k.k jkT;ksa dk mn; ,oa iru % vgenuxj] chtkiqj] xksydksaMk
™ tEew&d'ehj dks fo'ks"k ntkZ
™ eqxy lkezkT; dk iru rFkk fl•] tkV] viQxku] ejkBk vkfn dk mn;
™ dsaæ'kkflr çns'k vkSj fo'ks"k {ks=k
dyk ,oa laLÑfr
™ lgdkjh lfefr;k¡
z çkphu] eè;dkyhu ,oa vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa dyk (fHkfÙk&fp=k dyk] ™ vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk,¡
ewfrZdyk] fp=kdkjh] dBiqryh] laxhr] u`R;)] okLrqdyk] Hkk"kk] èkeZ o ™ lkoZtfud lsok,¡] U;k;kfèkdj.k
n'kZu'kkL=k rFkk foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ij iQksdl ™ yksd tu çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] ny&cny fojksèkh dkuwu
™ okLrqdyk % flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk] ekS;Z okLrqdyk] 'kqax] dq"kk.k] lkrokgu ™ pquko vkSj pqukoh lqèkkj
vkSj xqIr dky esa okLrqdyk] eafnj okLrqdyk] fdys ,oa edcjs]
z'kklu%
Hkkjrh;&bLykeh okLrqdyk] vkèkqfud okLrqdyk
™ lwpuk dk vfèkdkj] ukxfjd pkVZj]
™ ewfrZdyk % Hkkjrh; ewfrZdyk rFkk dyk ds fofHkUu laçnk;
™ bZ&'kklu] lafoèkku dk ewY;kadu
™ Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk % nhokj fp=kdyk] xqiQk vkSj fHkfÙkfp=k dyk] y?kq
fp=kdyk] eqxy fp=kdyk] jktiwr fp=kdyk] yksd dyk] vU; fp=kdyk djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (vDrwcj 2023)
™ èkeZ vkSj n'kZu'kkL=k & èkeZ % fganw] tSu] ckS¼] bLyke] bZlkbZ] ikjlh]
;gwnh èkeZ_ n'kZu'kkL=k % n'kZu'kkL=k ds Ng laçnk;] vkthod] yksdk;r z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
n'kZu bR;kfn_ HkfDr vkSj lwiQh ;qx] eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjr ™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu
esa èkkfeZd lqèkkj vkanksyu ™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa jktO;oLFkk
™ Hkkjrh; laxhr % 'kkL=kh; laxhr] (fganqLrkuh laxhr] dukZVd laxhr)]
yksd laxhr ijaijk VsLV dksM 2412
™ Hkkjrh; u`R; % Hkkjr esa 'kkL=kh; u`R;ksa ds :i] yksd u`R;
Hkwxksy&II $ foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
™ dBiqryh (èkkxk] NM+ bR;kfn)
™ foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] çfl¼ O;fDrRo ,oa mudk ;ksxnku z Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (ekuo ,oa vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
™ Hkkjr esa jaxeap % yksd jaxeap] Hkkjrh; flusek vkSj ldZl ™ Hkkjrh; lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut vkSj ÅtkZ
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

9
 ™ Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly çk:i] flapkbZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k]
Ñf"k rduhdh] •k| lqj{kk
™ m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] çdkj] çeq• m|ksxksa dk forj.k
™ O;kikj ,oa lapkj % lM+d ekxZ] jsyos] ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ]
ikbiykbu] fons'kh O;kikj
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh&twu 2023)
™ tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr rFkk tutkfr]
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
™ Hkkjrh; m|ksx % çdkj] vofLFkfr&lacaèkh dkjd
z fo'o dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
™ xfrfofèk;k¡ % çkFkfed] f}rh;d] r`rh;d] prqFkZd vkSj iaped {ks=k
™ lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
™ Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k| lqj{kk
™ m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
™ O;kikj rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ]
jsyos] ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl
™ tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
z HkkSfrd foKku
™ ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr
™ ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k
™ dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr
™ Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k
™ fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k
™ ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh
™ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku
z jlk;u foKku
™ inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k
™ ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq
™ rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k
™ dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd
™ vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u
™ vEy] {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq
™ m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd
™ nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u 'kkL=k
™ tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k
z tho foKku
™ ifjp;] thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k
™ dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku
™ thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
™ vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
z çkS|ksfxdh
™ Hkkjr esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ varfj{k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™ i;kZoj.k vkSj foKku] mQtkZ] ukfHkdh; izkS|ksfxdh
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa
10
™ tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™ vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
™ vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™ uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd lkekU; foKku] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
VsLV dksM 2413
vFkZO;oLFkk $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
z ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡ rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk lacaèkh ifjHkk"kk,¡%
z ;kstukc¼ vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl]
uhfr vk;ksx
z vkfFkZd lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd
gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj
z jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu%
™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy
jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk
™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn
z eqæk ,oa cSafdax%
™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn
™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax
lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn
™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr
vuqikr] jsiks vkfn)
™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn
z eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj%
™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k]
eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`';
™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr)
z ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr%
™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk
™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj
™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr
ykHk] MAT bR;kfn
™ 14ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
z fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku)
™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk
™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink
vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA
 zfoÙkh; ck”kkj%
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k
fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn)
z m|ksx%
™ vkS|ksfxd uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh;
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`';
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k]
LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn)
z lsok,¡%
™ orZeku fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq
n`f"Vdks.k
z o`Qf"k%
™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh
™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡
z chek%
™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡
z Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn
z lrr~ fodkl%
™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal]
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
z ekuo fodkl%
™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh;
fo'ks"krk,¡
™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡
z ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k
™ tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh
™ Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh
vkSj çHkko vkdyu
tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o%
z
™ i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;
™ jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph&
Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972
™ ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj]
çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
i;kZoj.kh; eqís%
z
™ çnw"k.k ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr
™ çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj
o`Qf"k%
z
™ iQly rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh
™ lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku
tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu%
z
™ oSf'od rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$
™ UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu
™ dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl
™ Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
Hkkjr vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
z
™ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl
™ baVsaMsM us'kuyh fMVjekbaM dkafVªC;w'kUl (INDC)
vfèkfu;e] uhfr;k¡ vkSj 'keu gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡%
z
™ i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh vkSj çHkko vkdyu] dkuwu vkSj uhfr;k¡
™ lrr~ fodkl] Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972] i;kZoj.k

™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1986
i=k dh leL;k] ™ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tSo fofoèkrk vfèkfu;e 2002] vknzZHkwfe fu;e

™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k

2010
™ vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; ikjaifjd ouoklh vfèkfu;e 2006] rVh;
™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF;
lsok {ks=k o f'k{kk fofu;eu {ks=k
™ jk"Vªh; gfjr çkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e 2010] vkstksu vi{k;dkjh inkFkZ
i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
fu;e
zikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k%
varjkZ"Vªh; vfHkle; vkSj çksVksdkWy%
z
™ voèkkj.kk,¡ % ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds
™ i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkle; (UNCED)] tSo
dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k
fofoèkrk vfHkle; (CBD)] jkelj dUosa'ku] CITES] IUCN] CMS
™ LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k
™ oU;tho O;kikj (TRAFFIC)] rLdjh] (CAWT)] fVacj vkWxZukbts'ku
ztSo fofoèkrk% (ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
™ ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo ™ csly dUosa'ku] LVkWdgkse dUosa'ku] jkWVjMSe dUosa'ku
fofoèkrk dks •rjs] ™ la;qDr jk"Vª ejQLFkyhdj.k jksdFkke dUosa'ku (UNCCD)] ouksa ij
™ lqjf{kr {ks=k % jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] tSoeaMy fj”koZ] la;qDr jk"Vª iQksje (UNFF)
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou] ™ baVjus'kuy Ogsfyax deh'ku (IWC)] fo;uk dUosa'ku ,aM ekWfUVª;y
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn çksVksdkWy
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

11
 z i;kZoj.k laLFkku ,oa laxBu & Hkkjr% z vU;%
™ jk"Vªh; oU;tho dk;Z;kstuk] jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fodkl ™ dqN jkT;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k çkoèkku
cksMZ ™ tEew&d'ehj dks fo'ks"k ntkZ
™ CAMPA] CEPI-] bZdks&ekdZ] lkekftd okfudh] jk"Vªh; ck¡l fe'ku ™ dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k vkSj fo'ks"k {ks=k
™ jk"Vªh; tSo fofoèkrk çkfèkdj.k] eSaxzkso] jk"Vªh; >hy laj{k.k ;kstuk ™ lgdkjh lfefr;k¡
™ Hkkjrh; i'kq dY;k.k cksMZ] oU;tho vijkèk fu;a=k.k C;wjks bR;kfn ™ vkfèkdkfjd Hkk"kk,¡
™ lkoZtfud lsok,¡] U;k;kfèkdj.k
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh o Qjojh 2023)
™ yksd tu çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] ny&cny fojksèkh dkuwu
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh ™ pquko vkSj pqukoh lqèkkj
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh z 'kklu%
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ™ lwpuk dk vfèkdkj] ukxfjd pkVZj]
™ bZ&'kklu] lafoèkku dk ewY;kadu
VsLV dksM 2414
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ekpZ o viSzy 2023)
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (Hkkx&1 ,oa 2)
Hkkx&I z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ,oa jktO;oLFkk
z jktuhfrd ç.kkfy;k¡ % voèkkj.kk,¡] :i rFkk çdkj
z Hkkjrh; lafoèkku% VsLV dksM 2415
™ ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe ™ lafoèkku fuekZ.k ,oa mlds n'kZu
z lafoèkku dh çeq• fo'ks"krk,¡%
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (çkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu) $ dyk ,oa laLÏfr
™ çLrkouk ™ la?kh; O;oLFkk dh çÑfr Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (izkphu)
™ la?k dk {ks=k ™ dsæa &jkT; lacèa k vkSj varjkZT;h; z çkphu Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
™ ukxfjdrk lacaèk z fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd]
™ ewy vfèkdkj ,oa ewy dÙkZO; ™ vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku
jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl
™ jkT; ds uhfr&funs'kd rÙo ™ laoSèkkfud vkSj xSj&laoSèkkfud
z egÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
™ la'kksèku dh çfØ;k fudk; (lkafofèkd] fu;ked
™ çkxSfrgkfld dky (ik"kk.k dky] rkez&ik"kk.k dky)
™ lafoèkku dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk% ,oa fofHkUu vèkZ & U;kf;d
™ çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl (egÙo] i`"BHkwfe] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡)
™ lalnh; O;oLFkk fudk;)
™ gM+Iik@flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (Hkkx&II)
™ oSfnd dky (½XoSfnd ls mÙkj&oSfnd pj.k rd% lekt] vFkZO;oLFkk]
z jktO;oLFkk dh egÙoiw.kZ voèkkj.kk,¡ % la?k dk;Zikfydk] laln] jkT; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] èkeZ] fopkjèkkjk,¡)_ oSfnd bfrgkl ds lzksr
dk;Zikfydk] U;k;ikfydk] LFkkuh; ljdkj] pquko rFkk pqukoh lqèkkj] ™ egktuin (exèk] dksly] o`fTt bR;kfn)
jkT;ksa gsrq fo'ks"k çkoèkku] 'kklu ™ èkkfeZd lqèkkj (tSu èkeZ] ckS¼ èkeZ vkfn dk mn;)
z dsaæ ljdkj% ™ iwoZ&ekS;Z dky (g;Zd] f'k'kqukx] uan oa'k vkfn)
™ jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr ™ iQkjlh rFkk eslsMksfu;u vkØe.k] dyk rFkk laLÑfr ij çHkko
™ çèkkuea=kh] dsaæh; eaf=kifj"kn (mnkgj.k& xkaèkkj 'kSyh] xzhd&ckS¼ laLÑfr)
™ eaf=keaMy lfefr;k¡] laln (dk;Z] 'kfDr rFkk çdk;Z] laln dh Hkwfedk) ™ ekS;Z dky vkSj ekS;kZsÙkj dky] laxe dky
™ lalnh; lfefr;k¡] lewg vkSj eap ™ eè;&,f'k;kbZ vkØe.k (baMksxzhd] 'kd] igyoh] dq"kk.k)
z jkT; ljdkj% ™ xqIr dky vkSj xqIrksÙkj dky (g"kZoèkZu vkfn)
™ jkT;iky ™ jkT; eaf=kifj"kn ™ nf{k.k ,oa if'pe Hkkjr ds jkT; (lkrokgu] iYyo] pkyqD;] ikaMÔ vkfn)
™ eq[;ea=kh ™ jkT; foèkkf;dk Hkkjr dk bfrgkl (eè;dkyhu)
z U;k;ikfydk% z eè;dkyhu Hkkjr ds dkykuqØfed ,sfrgkfld fodkl ij iQksdl
™ mPpre U;k;ky; z fofHkUu dkyksa ds 'kkld& jktoa'k rFkk muds 'kklu esa gq, lkekftd]
™ mPp U;k;ky;] vèkhuLFk U;k;ky; jktuhfrd] ç'kklfud] vkfFkZd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl
™ U;kf;d leh{kk] U;kf;d lfØ;rk z egÙoiw.kZ pj.kksa esa lfEefyr gSa %
™ tufgr ;kfpdk ™ vkjafHkd eè; dky % mÙkj Hkkjr lkezkT; (f=ki{kh; la?k"kZ& iky]
z LFkkuh; ljdkj% çfrgkj] jk"VªdwV)] nf{k.k Hkkjr lkezkT; (pksy jktoa'k] psj jktoa'k]
™ iapk;rh jkt ™ LFkkuh; 'kgjh ljdkj ikaMÔ jktoa'k)
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

12
 ™ eè;;qxhu vkØe.k (x”kuh] xksjh vkfn)
™ fnYyh lYrur (ekeyqd lqYrku] f[kyth oa'k] rqxyd oa'k] lSÕ;n
oa'k rFkk yksnh oa'k)
™ fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT;
™ lkaLÑfrd rFkk èkkfeZd vkanksyu% HkfDr vkanksyu] lwiQh vkanksyu
™ viQxku] jktiwr] lwj] eqxy oa'k rFkk opZLo dh yM+kbZ vkSj ikuhir
dk ;q¼
™ eqxy dky esa lkaLÑfrd fodkl
™ nf{k.k jkT;ksa dk mn; ,oa iru % vgenuxj] chtkiqj] xksydksaMk
™ eqxy lkezkT; dk iru rFkk fl•] tkV] viQxku] ejkBk vkfn dk mn;
dyk ,oa laLÑfr
z çkphu] eè;dkyhu ,oa vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa dyk (fHkfÙk&fp=k dyk]
ewfrZdyk] fp=kdkjh] dBiqryh] laxhr] u`R;)] okLrqdyk] Hkk"kk] èkeZ o
n'kZu'kkL=k rFkk foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ij iQksdl
™ okLrqdyk % flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk] ekS;Z okLrqdyk] 'kqax] dq"kk.k] lkrokgu
vkSj xqIr dky esa okLrqdyk] eafnj okLrqdyk] fdys ,oa edcjs]
Hkkjrh;&bLykeh okLrqdyk] vkèkqfud okLrqdyk
™ ewfrZdyk % Hkkjrh; ewfrZdyk rFkk dyk ds fofHkUu laçnk;
™ Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk % nhokj fp=kdyk] xqiQk vkSj fHkfÙkfp=k dyk] y?kq
fp=kdyk] eqxy fp=kdyk] jktiwr fp=kdyk] yksd dyk] vU; fp=kdyk
™ èkeZ vkSj n'kZu'kkL=k & èkeZ % fganw] tSu] ckS¼] bLyke] bZlkbZ] ikjlh]
;gwnh èkeZ_
™ n'kZu'kkL=k % n'kZu'kkL=k ds Ng laçnk;] vkthod] yksdk;r n'kZu
bR;kfn_ HkfDr vkSj lwiQh ;qx] eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa
èkkfeZd lqèkkj vkanksyu
™ Hkkjrh; laxhr % 'kkL=kh; laxhr] (fganqLrkuh laxhr] dukZVd laxhr)]
yksd laxhr ijaijk
™ Hkkjrh; u`R; % Hkkjr esa 'kkL=kh; u`R;ksa ds :i] yksd u`R;
™ dBiqryh (èkkxk] NM+ bR;kfn)
™ foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] çfl¼ O;fDrRo ,oa mudk ;ksxnku
™ Hkkjr esa jaxeap % yksd jaxeap] Hkkjrh; flusek vkSj ldZl
™ Hkkjr esa ;wusLdks fo'o èkjksgj LFky % lkaLÑfrd] ,sfrgkfld vkSj
egÙoiw.kZ laLFkku
™ eè;dkyhu vkSj vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡ o lkfgR;
™ esys vkSj ioZ_ ek'kZy vkVZ
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (ebZ o twu 2023)
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu
VsLV dksM 2416
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl
z Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu ds fofHkUu pj.k] 1857 dk çFke Hkkjrh;
Lora=krk laxzke] lkekftd&èkkfeZd lqèkkj] eè;e pj.k] vafre pj.k]
Økafrdkjh vkradokn] xkaèkhoknh tu la?k"kZ dk ;qx] lkE;okn dk çHkko
z 18oha 'krkCnh ls 20oha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr %
™ ;wjksih;ksa dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu rFkk eqxy lkezkT; dk iru
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa
13
™ Hkkjr esa fczfV'k dk vkxeu % ç'kklu ,oa vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡ (1757-1857)
™ c<+rk vkØks'k rFkk 1857 dk foæksg_ 1857 ds ckn gq, ç'kklfud
ifjorZu
™ 19oha 'krkCnh ds iwokZèkZ esa lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd tkxj.k
™ çkjafHkd jk"Vªokn (o"kZ 1857 ls 1906 ds chp) dkWUxzsl dk xBu
vkSj ujeiaFkh pj.k
™ pjeiaFkh pj.k (1905 ls 1919 ds chp)] caxky o lwjr foHkktu
(1906)
™ Økafrdkjh jk"Vªokn dk pj.k o fons'kh vkanksyu
™ Lons'kh vkanksyu] gkse :y vkanksyu
™ tu&vkanksyu ds pj.k (1919&1942) % jk"Vªh; vkanksyuksa esa xkaèkhoknh ;qx
™ jkWysV ,DV] tfy;k¡okyk ckx gR;kdkaM vkSj f[+kykI+kQr vkanksyu
™ Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa lektoknh #>ku] fdlku lHkk
™ vlg;ksx] lfou; voKk] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu
™ o"kZ 1942 ls Hkkjr dh vk”kknh rd dh ?kVuk,¡ (vk”kkn fgan iQkSt]
vkj-vkbZ-,u- foæksg vkfn)
™ lqèkkj] vfèkfu;e vkSj lfefr;k¡] dkWUxzl
s l=k] xouZj tujy vkSj ok;ljk;
™ tutkrh; vkSj fdlku vkanksyu] vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj çsl dk fodkl]
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds çfrf"Br O;fDrRo
™ vk”kknh ds ckn dk Hkkjr % jkT;ksa dk ,dhdj.k] Hkk"kh; vkèkkj ij
jkT;ksa dk xBu] pquko
™ vk”kknh ds ckn çeq• jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd ?kVukØe]
lqèkkj ,oa uhfr;k¡
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tqykbZ o vxLr 2023)
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu
VsLV dksM 2417
Hkwxksy
Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)
™ vofLFkfr] {ks=k vkSj lhek,¡
™ lajpuk ,oa mPpkop % Hkw&vkÑfrd foHkktu& ioZr] Hkkjrh; eSnkuh
{ks=k] çk;}hih; iBkj ,oa Hkkjrh; }hi
™ rkieku] ncko] ok;q vkSj o"kkZ dk LFkkfud ,oa vLFkk;h forj.kA
™ Hkkjrh; viokg ra=k % fgeky;h rFkk çk;}hih; viokg ra=k
™ Hkkjrh; tyok;q (ekulwu) % {ks=kh; ekSle] tyok;q vkSj ½rq,]¡ pØokr]
o"kkZ çk:i] Hkkjr ds tyok;q {ks=k
™ ikni vkSj i'kq thou] çkÑfrd ouLifr {ks=kh; fHkUurk
™ ou rFkk mudk forj.k] ou laj{k.k
™ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k % ,Dl&lhVw] bu&lhVw&ck;ksLiQh;j fj”koZ] jk"Vªh;
m|ku] oU;tho vHk;j.k vkSj laxBu
™ e`nk ds çdkj] {ks=kh; fHkUurk,¡ rFkk laj{k.k
™ çkÑfrd •rjs o vkink,¡ rFkk vkink çcaèku
™ Hkkjrh; Hkwxksy ekufp=k dk;Z
 z Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
™ lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
™ Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k|
lqj{kk
™ m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
™ O;kikj rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ]
jsyos] ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl
™ tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
z fo'o dk Hkwxksy (HkkSfrd Hkwxksy)
™ izkalkfxd ledkyuh HkkSxksfyd eqn~nksa] ?kVukvksa rFkk ekufp=k dk;Z ds
lkFk&lkFk fo'o Hkwxksy ds LFkSfrd Hkkx ij fo'ks"k è;kuA
™ i`Foh rFkk czãkaM] i`Foh dk vkarfjd Hkkx
™ egk}hiksa dk vkdkj] egk}hih; foLFkkiu] Tokykeq•h] Hkwdai
™ i`Foh dh xfr;k¡&IysV foorZfudh] leqæ ry çlkj
™ LFkykÑfr;k¡] vi{k;] o`gn~ {kj.k ,oa vijnu
™ fo'o tyok;q] tyok;q oxhZdj.k % dksisu
™ ok;qeaMy] xzgh; vkSj LFkkuh; gok,¡
™ Å"ek ctV rFkk Åijh ok;qeaMyh; ifj?kVuk,¡
™ egklkxj] leqæ vkSj yo.krk] egklkxjksa dh furyh; LFkykÑfr
™ egklkxjksa dh xfr;k¡ % egklkxjh; èkkjk,¡] Tokj] ygjsa
™ tyfo|qr pØ] rkieku forj.k rFkk çoky ,oa lacafèkr ifj?kVuk,¡
™ çkÑfrd ouLifr] i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k % ckáLFkkus] LoLFkkus&tSoeaMy
fj”koZ] jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.; ,oa laLFkku
™ e`nk rFkk bldh lajpuk] e`nk ds çdkj] vijnu ,oa laj{k.k] çkÑfrd
•rjs vkSj vkink,¡
™ ,f'k;k] vÚhdk] mÙkjh vesfjdk] nf{k.k vesfjdk] vaVkdZfVdk] ;wjksi
vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k egk}hih; fo'ks"krk,¡ ,oa ekufp=k dk;Z
z fo'o dk Hkwxksy (ekuo vkSj vkfFkZd Hkwxksy)
™ xfrfofèk;k¡ % çkFkfed] f}rh;d] r`rh;d] prqFkZd vkSj iaped {ks=k
™ lalkèku % Hkwfe] ou] ty] •fut rFkk ÅtkZ
™ Ñf"k % •srh ds çdkj] iQly iSVuZ] Ñf"k&tyok;q oxhZdj.k] •k|
lqj{kk
™ m|ksx % vofLFkfr dkjd] oxhZdj.k] çeq• m|ksxksa dk foHkktu
™ O;kikj rFkk lapkj% egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj ekxZ vkSj js•k,¡] lM+d ekxZ]
jsyos] ok;qekxZ] canjxkg] tyekxZ] ikbiykbUl
™ tula[;k ,oa vfèkokl % forj.k ,oa ?kuRo] tkfr;k¡ rFkk tutkfr;k¡]
tulkaf[;dh; xq.k] çoklu ,oa vfèkokl] lkaLÑfrd dkjd
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (flracj&vDrwcj 2023)
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy
VsLV dksM 2418
vFkZO;oLFkk
z ewy voèkkj.kkvksa] ljdkjh ;kstukvksa rFkk uhfr;ksa ij fo'ks"k cyA
™ ;kstukc¼ vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk] iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡] lekos'kh fodkl]
uhfr vk;ksx
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa
14
™ vkfFkZd lqèkkj % mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k] 1991 ls vc rd
gq, vkfFkZd lqèkkj
z jk"Vªh; vk; dk ys[kkadu%
™ ifjHkk"kk] voèkkj.kk,¡ % ldy ?kjsyw mRikn] fuoy ?kjsyw mRikn] ldy
jk"Vªh; mRikn] fuoy jk"Vªh; mRikn] jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk
™ dj] lfClMh bR;kfn
z eqæk ,oa cSafdax%
™ eqæk ds dk;Z] eqæk dk fodkl] eqnzk vkiwfrZ bR;kfn
™ cSafdax % dk;Z rFkk cSadksa ds çdkj] xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; daifu;k¡] cSafdax
lqèkkj] vutZd ifjlaifÙk;k¡] csly ekud bR;kfn
™ dsaæh; cSad] eqæk dh voèkkj.kk] ½.k o ekSfæd uhfr (uxn vkjf{kr
vuqikr] jsiks vkfn)
™ foÙkh; lekos'ku % tuèku] eqæk] Lo.kZ eqæhdj.k vkSj ckWM~l vkfn
z eqækLiQhfr o jks”kxkj%
™ eqækLiQhfr % ifjHkk"kk] dkj.k o çdkj] eqækLiQhfr dk fuèkkZj.k o fu;a=k.k]
eqækLiQhfr dk orZeku Hkkjrh; ifjn`';
™ jks”kxkj] csjks”kxkjh (çdkj ,oa çÑfr)
z ljdkjh ctV] lkoZtfud foÙk vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr%
™ ctV fuekZ.k] çdkj] Hkkjr esa bldk fodkl] rFkk Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
™ lkoZtfud foÙk] jktLo rFkk O;;] jktdks"kh; uhfr] ?kkVk
™ dj lajpuk % i¼fr;k¡& çxfr'khy] çfrxkeh] vkuqikfrd_ dj lqèkkj
™ dj ds çdkj& çR;{k] vçR;{k] VAT] GST] CTT] STT] iwathxr
ykHk] MAT bR;kfn
™ 14ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx] 15ok¡ foÙk vk;ksx& ;kstuk,¡
z fons'kh {ks=k] fons'kh O;kikj rFkk eqæk fofue; nj%
™ Hkqxrku larqyu] O;kikj larqyu] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
™ eqæk (çdkj o çcaèku)] eanh (çdkj o çcaèku)
™ iwath@pkyw •krk ifjorZuh;rk
™ O;kikj lacaèkh eqís vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ % fo'o O;kikj laxBu] ckSf¼d laink
vfèkdkj] GAAR] TRIPS] O;kikj uhfr;k¡ bR;kfnA
z foÙkh; ck”kkj%
™ iwath % çkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ck”kkj
™ eqæk ck”kkj % egÙoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh ,oa voèkkj.kk,¡] ck”kkj lkèku (jktdks"k
fcy] okf.kfT;d i=k] ekax eqæk] tek çek.ki=k vkfn)
z m|ksx%
™ vkS|ksfxd uhfr;k¡] fofuos'k] lM+d] jsyos] ukxfjd mM~M;u] rVh;
{ks=k] ÅtkZ ifjn`';
™ ih-ih-ih- ekWMy] LekVZ flVh”k] ;kstuk,¡ vkSj dk;ZØe (esd bu bafM;k]
LVkVZ vi bafM;k] mn; vkfn)
z lsok,¡%
™ orZeku fLFkfr o çn'kZu] vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
™ O;kikfjd le>kSrs % f}i{kh;] cgqi{kh;] {ks=kh;] lqèkkj vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq
n`f"Vdks.k
z o`Qf"k%
™ Hkwfe lqèkkj vkSj gfjr Økafr] Ñf"k çk:i] i'kqikyu
™ •k| çcaèku] ciQj LVkWd] lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh vkSj lfClMh
™ ekWMy APMC ,DV] Ñf"k foi.ku vkSj oLrq ok;nk ck”kkj
™ Ñf"k çcaèku % e'khuhdj.k] moZjd] cht cSad] foLrkj lsok,¡
 z chek%
™ m|ksx rFkk lqèkkj] laLFkku ,oa ,tsafl;k¡] ;kstuk,¡
z Hkkjr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku%
™ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] MIGA] ADB] AIIB fczDl bR;kfn
z lrr~ fodkl%
™ lrr~ fodkl y{;] tyok;q ifjorZu] isfjl le>kSrk] xzhu iQkbusal]
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] INDC vkSj Hkfo"; gsrq n`f"Vdks.k
z ekuo fodkl%
™ HDR] ySafxd eqís] xjhch (vuqeku)] lekos'kh fodkl] tulkaf[;dh;
fo'ks"krk,¡
™ lqèkkj % f'k{kk {ks=k] cky] Je] LokLF;] lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡
z ppkZ esa jgs egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;%
™ vkfFkZd loZs{k.k] ctV vkSj egÙoiw.kZ uhfr i=k] foeqæhdj.k
™ tulkaf[;dh; ykHkka'k] lkoZHkkSfed ewyHkwr vk;] cSM cSad] nksgjs rqyu
i=k dh leL;k]
™ cgqi{kh; {ks=kh; çfrcaèk vkSj fooS'ohdj.k
™ vlekurk dk lekèkku % lkekftd {ks=k dh ;kstuk,¡] lkoZHkkSfed LokLF;
lsok o f'k{kk
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (uoacj 2023)
z fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vuq'kaflr vè;;u lkexzh
™ n`f"V IAS fDod cqd Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
VsLV dksM 2419
foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh $ i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh
zHkkSfrd foKku
™ thou çfØ;k,¡] thou dh mRifÙk vkSj Øe&fodkl
™ tSo lapkj] ekuo 'kjhj ds vax&ra=k] iks"k.k
™ vkuqoaf'kdh] jksx vkSj j{kkRed ç.kkyh
çkS|ksfxdh
z
™ Hkkjr esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
™ varfj{k foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh] j{kk çkS|ksfxdh
™ lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh] lapkj ,oa daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh
™ i;kZoj.k vkSj foKku] mQtkZ] ukfHkdh;] izkS|ksfxdh
™ tSo çkS|ksfxdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] jkscksfVDl] ys”kj çkS|ksfxdh
™ vfrpkydrk] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk] vkuqoaf'kd vfHk;kaf=kdh
™ vuqç;qDr foKku rFkk vkèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh
™ uohure vuqlaèkku vkSj orZeku fodkl
i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh
ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k%
z
™ voèkkj.kk,¡ % ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k ds
dk;Z] çkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k
™ LFkyh; vkSj tyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k] leqæh tho] ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.k
tSo fofoèkrk%
z
™ ewyHkwr voèkkj.kk,¡] ouLifrtxr rFkk çkf.ktxr] leqæh tho] tSo
fofoèkrk dks •rjs]
™ lqjf{kr {ks=k % jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] tSoeaMy fj”koZ]
vkjf{kr rFkk lqjf{kr ou] lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ] xzke rFkk iapk;r ou]
futh lqjf{kr ou] laj{k.k {ks=k bR;kfn
™ tSolqj{kk] ck;ksçksLisfDaVx] tSo&rLdjh
™ Hkkjrh; vkSj oSf'od tSo fofoèkrk] lrr~ fodkl] i;kZoj.k fuxjkuh
vkSj çHkko vkdyu
tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds ç;kl % Hkkjr vkSj fo'o%
z

™ ekud ,oa bdkb;k¡] xfr ™ i;kZoj.k vfèkfu;e vkSj uhfr;k¡] i;kZoj.k lafèk;k¡@vfHkle;

™ ;kaf=kdh vkSj inkFkZ ds xq.k ™ jsM cqd] IUCN oxhZdj.k% xaHkhj :i ls foyqIrçk;] vuqlwph lwph&

™ dk;Z] ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr Hkkjrh; oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972

™ Å"ek] èofu] çdkf'kdh] æo ds xq.k ™ ekuo&i'kq Vdjko] çkstsDV Vkbxj] çkstsDV ,yhiQSaV] çkstsDV oYpj]
™ fo|qr vkSj pqacdRo] xq#Rokd"kZ.k çkstsDV VVZy] çkstsDV gaxqy] çkstsDV xaxk MkWfYiQu bR;kfn
™ ijek.kq vkSj ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh i;kZoj.kh; eqís%
z
™ vkèkqfud HkkSfrdh] •xksy foKku vkSj varfj{k foKku ™ çnw"k.k ds çdkj vkSj ?kVd] ÅtkZ ladV vkSj xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr
zjlk;u foKku ™ çnw"k.k (ok;q] LekWx] ÝykbZ ,s'k] ikuh] e`nk] èofu] jsfM;ks&lfØ;)]
™ inkFkZ] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡ vkSj lehdj.k dpjk] bZ&dpjk] tSo&mipkj
™ ijek.kq dh lajpuk] ijek.kq vkSj v.kq o`Qf"k%
z
™ rÙoksa dh vkorZ lkj.kh] jklk;fud vkcaèkhdj.k ™ iQly rFkk bldk oxhZdj.k] iQly ç.kkyh vkSj çk:i •srh ç.kkyh
™ dkcZu vkSj mlds jklk;fud ;kSfxd vkWDlhdj.k vkSj vip;u ™ lrr~ Ñf"k] ,dhÑr •srh ç.kkyh] e`nk foKku
™ vEy] {kkjd vkSj yo.k] èkkrq vkSj vèkkrq tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa laxBu rFkk 'keu%
z
™ m"ekxfrdh] uSuks çkS|ksfxdh] cgqyd ™ oSf'od rkiu] xzhu gkml çHkko] GEF] REDD rFkk REDD$
™ nSfud thou esa jlk;u 'kkL=k] Ñf"k vkSj •k| jlk;u 'kkL=k ™ UNFCCC] D;ksVks] isfjl lEeysu] ckyh] dksisugsxu] dkudqu vkSj
™ tSo vkSj vkS"kèkh; jlk;u 'kkL=k Mjcu f'k•j lEesyu
z tho foKku ™ dkcZu i`FkDdj.k (lhDosLVªs'ku)] dkcZu flad] dkcZu ØsfMV] dkcZu
™ ifjp;] thoèkkfj;ksa dk oxhZdj.k vkWiQlsfVax] dkcZu VSDl
™ dksf'kdk vè;;u] çdk'k la'ys"k.k] ikni foKku ™ Hkw&vfHk;kaf=kdh] egklkxj vEyhdj.k] vkstksu {kj.k
*Ñi;k ikB~;Øe ns[ksa

15
 zHkkjr vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu%
™ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z;kstuk] xzhu gkml xSl 'keu] xzhu
fcfYaMx] BSE xzhusDl
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2010
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(ITTO)] Xykscy Vkbxj iQksje (GTF)
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djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (fnlacj 2023)
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VsLV dksM 2420
vkfFkZd losZ{k.k losZ ,oa bafM;k bZ;j cqd
djsaV vQs;lZ ij vk/kkfjr iz'u (tuojh 2024)