Anterior Triangle of the Neck

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Anterior Triangle 1.
2.
Location & Borders
Osteology, Cartilage & Glands
3. Muscles
of the Neck 4.
5.
Blood Supply
Nerves
Lymphatics of the Neck
6. Other
NervesTriangles
7. Muscles Table
Other Triangles
REVIEW OUTLINE
Anterior Location & Borders
Triangle of • Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid m.

• Inferior border of mandible
• Midline of neck
the Neck
Location & Borders Bootcamp.com
id
asto
dom
Anterior triangle Posterior triangle
oclei
Stern Tra
p ezi
us
Medial border
or der Superior border
r ior b le Lateral border
Infe dib
an
of m
Anterior
border of
Midline SCM
of neck
Lateral view
Medial border
Inf Superior border
erio
of r Lateral border
ma bord
ndi e
ble r
Midline
of neck
Anterior
border of
SCM
Anterior view
Knowledge Check Bootcamp.com
Draw & label the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck on the image below.
References Bootcamp.com
Slide 2, 3, 5
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculi_coli_base,_my_edits_for_tringles,_Subclavian-es.svg">Olek
Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem) Modified by user:madhero88de la traducción Ortisa</a>, <a
href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 4
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1110_Muscle_of_the_Anterior_Neck.jpg">OpenStax</a>, <a
href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC BY 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
REVIEW OUTLINE
Osteology
• Mandible
• Hyoid bone (body, greater horn, lesser horn)
• Manubrium of sternum
Anterior Cartilage & Glands

• Thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence, greater &
Triangle of lesser horns)

• Thyrohyoid membrane, median thyrohyoid ligament
the Neck
• Cricoid cartilage
• Cricothyroid membrane, median cricothyroid
ligament
• Thyroid gland (L & R lobes, isthmus,
pyramidal lobes)
• Parathyroid glands
• Submandibular gland
Osteology Bootcamp.com
1. Mandible
2. Hyoid bone
3. Manubrium (sternum) 1
2
3
3
Cartilage & Glands Bootcamp.com
Thyroid cartilage
Greater horn
Laryngeal prominence
(Adam’s apple)
Anterior view Posterior view

Lesser horn
Cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Median thyrohyoid ligament
Thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid membrane
Median cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid Gland
Right lobe
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe
Left lobe
Anterior view
Submandibular Gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Submandibular duct
Identify the following structures on the image below.
B
A A. _________________________ F. _________________________
D C B. _________________________ G. _________________________
F C. _________________________ H. _________________________
E
D. _________________________ I. _________________________
H E. _________________________ J. _________________________
I
G
J
Slide 2
• Anterior view neck: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1110_Muscle_of_the_Anterior_Neck.jpg">OpenStax</a>, <a
• Hyoid bone: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:712_Hyoid_Bone.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a
• Sternum: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dixon%27s_Manual_of_human_osteology_(1912)_-_Fig_022.png">Andrew Francis Dixon (1868-
1936)</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 3
• Laryngeal cartilages: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)</a>, <a
• Anterior/posterior view: <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Posterior_and_Anterior_View_of_the_Larynx_by_Annie_Campbell_(29457557461).png">TILT University of Dundee,
School of Medicine from Dundee, Scotland</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0">CC BY-SA 2.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 4
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)</a>, <a
Slide 5
• Anterior view: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schema_thyroide_larynx.svg">Chatsam</a>,
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
• Posterior view: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1814_The_Parathyroid_Glands.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a
Slide 6
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2408_Salivary_Glands.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a
Slide 7
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)</a>, <a
REVIEW OUTLINE
Muscles
• Platysma
Anterior
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric (anterior & posterior bellies)
Triangle of • Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Sternohyoid
the Neck • Omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies)

• Thyrohyoid
• Sternothyroid
• Cricothyroid
Muscles Bootcamp.com
Platysma
A: depresses mandible, tenses lower face & anterior neck
N: cervical branch of facial nerve
B: submental a. (facial a.) & suprascapular a.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
A: unilateral contraction → flexes neck (ipsilateral), rotates neck

(contralateral); bilateral contraction → flexes neck, elevates
manubrium, assists with forced inhalation
N: accessory n. (CN XI)
B: SCM branch (superior thyroid & occipital a.), muscular branch

(suprascapular a.), occipital branch (posterior auricular a.)
Suprahyoid Muscles Infrahyoid Muscles

Stylohyoid Sternohyoid
Digastric (anterior & Omohyoid (superior &
posterior bellies) inferior bellies)
Geniohyoid Thyrohyoid
Mylohyoid Sternothyroid
Suprahyoid Muscles
Deep Superficial
Stylohyoid
A: elevates & retracts hyoid (initiates swallowing)
N: stylohyoid branch of facial n.
B: muscular branches (lingual, facial, occipital & posterior auricular a.)

Suprahyoid Muscles
Stylohyoid
Deep Superficial
Digastric (anterior & posterior bellies)
A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid during chewing & swallowing
N: n. to mylohyoid (A), digastric branch of facial n. (P)
B: submental a. from facial a. (A), muscular branches of post. auricular & occipital a. (P)
Suprahyoid Muscles
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Deep Superficial
Mylohyoid
A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid, tongue & floor of oral cavity
N: n. to mylohyoid muscle (branch of inferior alveolar n. ← CN V3)
B: mylohyoid a. (inferior alveolar a.), sublingual a. (lingual a.), submental a. (facial a.)
Suprahyoid Muscles
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Deep Superficial
Geniohyoid
A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid & tongue during swallowing
N: anterior ramus of C1
B: sublingual a. (lingual a.)

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles
Sternohyoid
A: depresses larynx & hyoid bone
N: ansa cervicalis
B: SCM & hyoid branches (superior thyroid

a.), hyoid branch (lingual a.)
Deep Superficial
Omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies) Sternohyoid

A: depresses larynx & hyoid bone
N: ansa cervicalis
B: SCM branch (superior thyroid a.), hyoid

branch (lingual a.)
Deep Superficial
Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid
elevates
A: elevates thyroid cartilage, depresses
depresses
larynx & hyoid bone hyoid bone Omohyoid
N: anterior ramus of C1
B: hyoid branch (superior thyroid a.)
Deep Superficial
Sternothyroid Sternohyoid
A: depresses larynx & thyroid cartilage
Omohyoid
N: ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid
B: cricothyroid branch (superior thyroid a.)
Deep Superficial
Cricothyroid*
A: tenses & lengthens vocal cords
Sternohyoid
N: external laryngeal n. ← superior laryngeal n.
Omohyoid
B: cricothyroid branch (superior thyroid a.)
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Deep Superficial
* not a strap muscle but located in the anterior triangle
RECAP
Platysma (removed)
Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
Suprahyoid
Omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies)
Muscles
Thyrohyoid
Anterior belly
Sternothyroid of digastric
Mylohyoid
Cricothyroid
Identify the sternocleidomastoid, the 4 suprahyoid & the 4 infrahyoid muscles.
SCM
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
1a. Which of the following suprahyoid muscles does NOT depress the mandible?
a. Stylohyoid
b. Digastric
c. Mylohyoid
d. Geniohyoid
1b. What is its action?
2a. Which of the following infrahyoid muscles does NOT depress the hyoid bone?
a. Sternohyoid
b. Omohyoid
c. Thyrohyoid
d. Sternothyroid
2b. What is its action?

3a. Which of the following infrahyoid muscles is NOT innervated by ansa cervicalis?
a. Sternohyoid
b. Omohyoid
c. Thyrohyoid
d. Sternothyroid
3b. What is its innervation?
4. Which branch of the external carotid artery provides blood supply to the infrahyoid muscles?
a. Lingual artery
b. Superior thyroid artery
c. Facial artery
d. Posterior auricular artery
e. Occipital artery
Slide 2
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platysma.png">modified by Uwe Gille</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 3, 4
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray385.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 5, 6, 7, 8
• Lateral view neck: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray385.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>, Public domain, via
Wikimedia Commons
• Anterior view neck: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1110_Muscle_of_the_Anterior_Neck.jpg">OpenStax</a>, <a
Slide 9, 10, 11, 12

Slide 13
• Anterior view neck: <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1110_Muscle_of_the_Anterior_Neck.jpg">OpenStax</a>, <a
• Laryngeal cartilages: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz
(wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5">CC BY-SA 2.5</a>,
via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 14, 15
REVIEW OUTLINE
Blood Supply
• Common carotid a.
• Internal carotid a.
• External carotid a.
Anterior • Superior thyroid a.

• Superior laryngeal a.
Triangle of
• Ascending pharyngeal a.
• Subclavian a.
• Vertebral a.
the Neck
• Internal thoracic a.
• Thyrocervical trunk
• Inferior thyroid a.
• External jugular v.
• Internal jugular v.
• Subclavian v.
• Brachiocephalic v.
Blood Supply Bootcamp.com
Brachiocephalic trunk
R subclavian a.
R common carotid a.
L common carotid a.
L subclavian a.
Left Lateral View
Brain & eyes Face & neck
Internal External
carotid a. carotid a.
Common carotid a.
Right Lateral View

Some Superior thyroid*

Anatomists Ascending pharyngeal*
Like Lingual
Freaking Facial
Out Occipital
Poor Posterior auricular
Medical Maxillary
Students Superficial temporal
* vessels supplying the anterior triangle of the neck

Superior thyroid a. Superior laryngeal a.

Thyroid gland, Muscles & mucous
infrahyoid muscles, membrane of the
SCM & cricothyroid larynx
Superior thyroid a. Superior laryngeal a.

Thyroid gland, Muscles & mucous
infrahyoid muscles, membrane of the
SCM & cricothyroid larynx
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Pharynx, soft palate, middle ear, dura mater &

CN IX, X, XII
Brachiocephalic trunk Subclavian a.

Common carotid a. Thorax, head & neck, upper limb
Vertebral a.
Vertebrobasilar circulation, brain,

cerebellum, spinal cord
Internal thoracic a.
Anterior thoracic wall, breast tissue
Thyrocervical trunk
Thyroid & parathyroid glands, trapezius, levator scapulae,

rhomboids, supraspinatus & infraspinatus
Inferior thyroid a.
Thyroid & parathyroid glands
Costocervical trunk
Upper intercostal spaces, deep neck & upper back
Scalp & face Brain, face & neck

External jugular v. Vertebral v. Internal jugular v.
Subclavian v. Brachiocephalic v.
Internal jugular v.
Subclavian v.
Brachiocephalic v.
Carotid Sheath Bootcamp.com
1. List & draw the 8 branches of the external carotid artery.
2. A 43-year-old male was diagnosed with a thyroid adenoma. During your surgical
rotation, you are asked to perform a partial thyroidectomy of the left lower lobe. Which
artery supplies that region of the gland and will need to be ligated?
3. You are asked to do a venous catheterization through the internal jugular vein.
Which muscle of the neck would you use as a landmark to approach the IJV?
a. Anterior belly of the digastric

b. Sternocleidomastoid
c. Superior belly of the omohyoid
d. Sternohyoid
4. Label the image below.

Slide 2
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2121_Aorta.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 3
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2122_Common_Carotid_Artery.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia
Commons
Slide 4
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:External_carotid_artery_with_branches.jpg">DR. Johannes Sobotta. Updated nomenclature by Mikael Häggström</a>, Public domain, via
Wikimedia Commons
Slide 5
• Anterior thyroid: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anterior_thyroid.jpg">CFCF</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0">CC BY-SA 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia
Commons
• Laryngeal cartilages: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)</a>, <a
• Lateral view: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray513.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 6
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray513.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 7
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2122_Common_Carotid_Artery.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia
Commons
Slide 8
• Lateral view: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2133_Head_and_Neck_Veins.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC BY 3.0</a>,
via Wikimedia Commons
• Anterior view: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2132_Thoracic_Abdominal_Veins.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a
Slide 9
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2132_Thoracic_Abdominal_Veins.jpg">OpenStax College</a>,
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC BY 3.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 10
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infrahyoid_deep_neck_spaces.webp">Nadezdha D. Kiriyak</a>, <a
Slide 12
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2132_Thoracic_Abdominal_Veins.jpg">OpenStax College</a>, <a
REVIEW OUTLINE
1. Superficial Lymph Nodes of the Neck

Lymphatics of ●
●
Occipital
Posterior auricular/mastoid
the Neck ●
●
Preauricular
Parotid
● Superficial cervical
2. Deep Lymph Nodes of the Neck

● Infrahyoid
● Retropharyngeal
● Jugulo-digastric
● Jugulo-omohyoid
● Deep cervical
3. Anterior Neck
● Prelaryngeal
● Paratracheal
● Pretracheal
4. Clinical Case
● What nodes would be impacted?
Lymphatics of the Neck Bootcamp.com
Retromandibular Vein
Superficial Lymph Nodes of the Neck Posterior Auricular Vein

Facial Vein
1. Occipital
2. Posterior Auricular/Mastoid
3. Preauricular
4. Parotid
5. Superficial Cervical
External Jugular Vein
External Jugular Vein

Deep Lymph Nodes of the Neck

1. Infrahyoid
2. Retropharyngeal
3. Jugulo-digastric
4. Jugulo-omohyoid
5. Deep Cervical
Internal Jugular Vein
Subclavian Vein
Internal Jugular Vein
Lymph Nodes of the Anterior Neck

1. Deep Cervical
2. Prelaryngeal
3. Paratracheal
4. Pretracheal
Subclavian Vein
Subclavian Vein
Brachiocephalic vein
A patient presents to your family practice clinic with what appears to be an infected parotid gland.
Which lymph nodes would you expect to be swollen and where would you palpate them?
References
1. All images created with BioRender.com
REVIEW OUTLINE
Nerves
• CN X – vagus n.
• Superior laryngeal n.
Anterior
• Internal laryngeal n.
• External laryngeal n.
• Left & right recurrent laryngeal n.
Triangle of • CN IX – glossopharyngeal n.
• CN XI – accessory n.
• CN XII – hypoglossal n.
the Neck • Ansa cervicalis (superior & inferior roots)

• Phrenic n.
• Sympathetic trunk
• Cervical ganglion (superior, middle,
inferior)
Carotid Sheath Bootcamp.com
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Contents of the Carotid Sheath
Internal jugular vein Ansa cervicalis
Common carotid artery CN IX – Glossopharyngeal n.
External carotid artery CN XI – Accessory n.
Internal carotid artery CN XII – Hypoglossal n.
CN X – Vagus n.
Left
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Branches of the Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Superior laryngeal n.
Internal laryngeal n. – sensory to larynx above vocal

cords & special sensory to epiglottis
External laryngeal n. – motor to cricothyroid muscle
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Internal laryngeal n. – sensory to larynx above vocal

cords & special sensory to epiglottis
Left recurrent laryngeal n. & right recurrent laryngeal n.
Sensory to larynx below vocal cords

Motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Internal laryngeal n. – sensory to larynx above vocal cords & special

sensory to epiglottis
Left recurrent laryngeal n. & right recurrent laryngeal n.
Sensory to larynx below vocal cords

Motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)
Pharyngeal branches
Motor to muscles in the pharynx & soft palate
Sensory & parasympathetic to thoracic &

abdominal viscera
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Ansa Cervicalis (right)

CN XII – Hypoglossal n.
Anterior ramus
of spinal nerves
Nerves to
geniohyoid &
thyrohyoid
Inferior root Superior root
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid
Nerves Bootcamp.com
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal n.
CN X – Vagus n.
CN XI – Accessory n.
Ansa cervicalis
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)
C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive!
Sensory – mediastinal part of parietal pleura,

pericardium, central tendon of diaphragm
Motor – diaphragm
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Vagus N. & Phrenic N.

Nerves Bootcamp.com
Sympathetic Trunk & Cervical Ganglia
Superior cervical ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Inferior cervical ganglion

1. What are the 3 main contents of the carotid sheath? Label them on the image.
2. After performing a thyroidectomy of the upper pole of the right lobe, the patient
presents with hoarseness and weakness of voice. Which nerve was most likely
damaged and which artery runs with this nerve?
a. External branch of superior laryngeal; superior thyroid artery

b. Internal branch of superior laryngeal; inferior thyroid artery
c. Right recurrent laryngeal; superior thyroid artery
d. Ansa cervicalis; inferior thyroid artery
3. The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is formed by the anterior ramus of _______
whereas the inferior root is formed by the anterior rami of ______ & ______.
4a. The phrenic nerve is formed by nerve roots ___________.
4b. Which muscle in the neck serves as a landmark for this nerve?
a. Sternocleidomastoid
b. Anterior scalene
c. Inferior belly of the omohyoid
d. Sternothyroid
Slide 2, 12
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infrahyoid_deep_neck_spaces.webp">Nadezdha D. Kiriyak</a>, <a
Slide 4
• Branches of vagus nerve: <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recurrent_Laryngeal_Nerve_Unlabeled.jpg">Andrewmeyerson</a>, <a
• Branches of external carotid artery: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray513.png">Henry Vandyke
Carter</a>, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
• External larynx: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larynx_external_en.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem,
commons: Orem)</a>, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5">CC BY-SA 2.5</a>, via Wikimedia
Commons
Slide 5, 6
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recurrent_Laryngeal_Nerve_Unlabeled.jpg">Andrewmeyerson</a>, <a
Slide 8
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray794.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Slide 9, 13
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray808.png">Henry Vandyke Carter</a>,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Nerves Bootcamp.com
Internal jugular vein

CN IX – Glossopharyngeal n.
Common & internal carotid artery
Sensory – oropharynx, carotid body, posterior 1/3 tongue,
middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube CN X – Vagus n.
Special sensory – posterior 1/3 tongue Ansa cervicalis
Motor – stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic – parotid gland
CN XI – Accessory n.
Motor – sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
Motor – extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of the tongue (except

palatoglossus)
REVIEW OUTLINE
Anterior Other Triangles

• Submental
Triangle of • Submandibular
• Carotid
the Neck • Muscular

Other Triangles Bootcamp.com
Submental triangle
• Lymphatics
• Submental a./v.
• N. to mylohyoid
Submandibular triangle
• Submandibular gland
• Lymph nodes
• Facial a./v.
• Submental a./v.
• N. to mylohyoid
• Hypoglossal n.
Other Triangles Bootcamp.com
Carotid triangle
• Common carotid a. + bifurcation
• Branches of external carotid a.
• Internal jugular v. + tributaries
• Vagus n.
• Hypoglossal n.
• Ansa cervicalis
Muscular triangle
• Infrahyoid muscles (except
omohyoid)
• Superior & inferior thyroid a.
• Thyroid & parathyroid glands
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Esophagus
Submental triangle
Submandibular triangle
Outline & label the other four triangles that are found within the anterior triangle of the
neck.
Slide 2, 3
• Lateral view neck: <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculi_coli_base,_my_edits_for_tringles,_Subclavian-es.svg">Olek
Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem) Modified by user:madhero88de la traducción Ortisa</a>, <a
• Anterior view neck: <a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1110_Muscle_of_the_Anterior_Neck.jpg">OpenStax</a>, <a
Slide 4
• <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculi_coli_base,_my_edits_for_tringles,_Subclavian-
es.svg">Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem) Modified by user:madhero88de la traducción Ortisa</a>,
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, via Wikimedia Commons

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Anterior Location & Borders

Triangle of • Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid m.

Anterior Cartilage & Glands

Triangle of lesser horns)

Anterior view Posterior view

Submandibular salivary gland

Identify the following structures on the image below.

the Neck • Omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies)

A: depresses mandible, tenses lower face & anterior neck

N: cervical branch of facial nerve

B: submental a. (facial a.) & suprascapular a.

A: unilateral contraction → flexes neck (ipsilateral), rotates neck

N: accessory n. (CN XI)

B: SCM branch (superior thyroid & occipital a.), muscular branch

Suprahyoid Muscles Infrahyoid Muscles

A: elevates & retracts hyoid (initiates swallowing)

N: stylohyoid branch of facial n.

B: muscular branches (lingual, facial, occipital & posterior auricular a.)

A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid during chewing & swallowing

N: n. to mylohyoid (A), digastric branch of facial n. (P)

A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid, tongue & floor of oral cavity

N: n. to mylohyoid muscle (branch of inferior alveolar n. ← CN V3)

A: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid & tongue during swallowing

B: sublingual a. (lingual a.)

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles

B: SCM & hyoid branches (superior thyroid

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles

Omohyoid (superior & inferior bellies) Sternohyoid

B: SCM branch (superior thyroid a.), hyoid

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles

B: hyoid branch (superior thyroid a.)

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles

Infrahyoid (Strap) Muscles Sternocleidomastoid

Identify the sternocleidomastoid, the 4 suprahyoid & the 4 infrahyoid muscles.

1b. What is its action?

2b. What is its action?

3b. What is its innervation?

Slide 9, 10, 11, 12

Anterior • Superior thyroid a.

Left Lateral View

Brain & eyes Face & neck

Right Lateral View

Some Superior thyroid*

* vessels supplying the anterior triangle of the neck

Superior thyroid a. Superior laryngeal a.

Superior thyroid a. Superior laryngeal a.

Pharynx, soft palate, middle ear, dura mater &

Brachiocephalic trunk Subclavian a.

Vertebrobasilar circulation, brain,

Anterior thoracic wall, breast tissue

Thyroid & parathyroid glands, trapezius, levator scapulae,

Thyroid & parathyroid glands

Scalp & face Brain, face & neck

1. List & draw the 8 branches of the external carotid artery.

a. Anterior belly of the digastric

4. Label the image below.

1. Superficial Lymph Nodes of the Neck

2. Deep Lymph Nodes of the Neck

Superficial Lymph Nodes of the Neck Posterior Auricular Vein

External Jugular Vein

External Jugular Vein

Deep Lymph Nodes of the Neck

Internal Jugular Vein