UNIT 10 PRELIMS 2024 tribes PRAYAS KSG

UNIT-10
TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH

MPPSC PRELIMS
(According to New Syllabus of MPPSC)
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MPPSC PRELIMS UNIT-10

 The Geographical distribution of the Tribes in Madhya Pradesh, Constitutional Provisions
Related to Tribes.
 Major Tribes of Madhya Pradesh, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) and
Tribal Welfare Programs.
 Tribal Culture of Madhya Pradesh- Customs, Traditions, Special Arts Festivals, Dialects
and Literature.
 Madhya Pradesh Tribals Contribution to the Freedom Movement of India and Tribal
Personalities of Madhya Pradesh, Important Institutes, Museums and Publications related to
Tribes of Madhya Pradesh.
 Folk Culture and Literature of Madhya Pradesh (Covered in Unit-2 Prelims)
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BACKGROUND
 INTRODUCTION
 On the basis of geographical surroundings and socio-cultural characteristics, the Indian society
is divided into tribal, rural and urban societies. Tribal communities are an integral segment of
Indian society. Tribal population is found in almost all parts of the world. India has the second
largest tribal population in the world, the first being Africa. India, with a variety of
ecosystems, presents a varied tribal population depicting a complex cultural mosaic. The tribal
population lives in relative isolation in hilly forests or well demarcated areas marked with
distinct culture, language, religion and strong ethic identity.
 Tribals are known to be autochthonous people of land who were the earliest settlers in the
Indian Peninsula. In India tribals are often referred as adivasis (original inhabitants). In the
contemporary world, they are considered to be socioeconomically backward. Defining and
conceptualizing tribes is difficult because they are found in a variety of socio-economic milieu
and because of their continuous assimilation and acculturation with the wider social structure.
 The term “tribe” originated around the time of the Greek city-states and the early formation of
the Roman Empire. Though the word ‘tribe’ was derived from the Latin term “tribus”, it has
since been transformed to mean “a group of persons forming a community and claiming
descent from a common ancestor”
 In India, tribal people are known by many names, such as ‘adivasi’ (original settlers),
‘scheduled tribes’ (anusuchit janajati), ‘tribes’, ‘janajati’ (folk communities), ‘girijan’ (hill
dwellers), ‘vanvasi’ (forest dwellers), ‘vanyajati’ (forest caste), adimjati (primitive caste) ‘hill
tribe’ (mountain dwellers) and indigenous people. The tribal people of India are called
‘Scheduled Tribes’ in the Indian constitution. The indigenous people of India prefer calling
themselves Adivasi (original inhabitants). The word Adi means “first”, “original” or “from the
earliest time”, and the word Vasi means “dweller”, “inhabitant”, and “resident of”. This self-
identification as Adivasi corresponds to the modern concept of indigenous peoples.
 DEMOGRAPHY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES IN INDIA

 The Anthropological Survey of India under the ‘People of India Project’ identified 4,635
communities in India, of which 461 communities were of the scheduled tribes
 The Government of India, in its Draft of the National Tribal Policy for Scheduled Tribes,
which came for the first time in February 2004, identified 698 tribal communities in India. The
second version of the Draft was circulated in July Concept of Tribe 2006 which noted that
there were more than 700 tribes in India
 The Census of India held in 2011 counted the number of scheduled tribes (both ‘major tribes’
and their ‘sub-tribes’) to be 705. As can be noted from the increasing number of tribal
communities, with the passage of time more and more communities are being added to the list
of the scheduled tribes
 In India, the geographical distribution of tribal population is not uniform. Everywhere they
have adapted to the local ways of living, thus cultural differences are quite visible within the
same community. Bhils form the largest tribal group in India, followed by Gonds, Santhals,
and Meenas. The largest concentrations of scheduled tribe population are found in the eastern,
central and western belt covering the following nine states: Madhya Pradesh (14.69%),
Maharashtra (10.08%), Orissa (9.2%), Rajasthan (8.86%), Gujarat (8.55%) Jharkhand
(8.29%), Chhattisgarh (7.5%) Andhra Pradesh (5.7%) and West Bengal.
 Article 366 (25) of the Indian Constitution refers Scheduled Tribe to those who are scheduled
in accordance with Article 342. Article 342 says that the Indian President, after consulting
with the concerned Governors of State or Union territory, can specify the tribes or tribal
groups through public notification
 Some communities known as ‘tribes’ are not necessarily included within the list of Scheduled
Tribes. Two other important governmental classifications of tribes which look at specific
histories and vulnerabilities of these communities are: Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-
Nomadic Tribes and Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
 DE-NOTIFIED, NOMADIC AND SEMI-NOMADIC TRIBAL COMMUNITIES
 The nomadic and de-notified communities form a substantial proportion of the Concept of
Tribe population and prominent aspect of the mosaic of India. These communities are spread
over almost all the states of India. It is estimated by the National Commission for the
Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (2008), popularly known as Balakrishna
Renke Commission, that the nomadic and denotified communities constitute about 10 percent
of the country’s population on a conservative estimate, as population figures were not
available for more than 100 communities. It was also observed by the Renke Commission that
there are about 1,500 nomadic and semi-nomadic communities and about 150-198 denotified
communities in India
 The British colonial rulers created the category of de-notified communities after the 1857 war
of independence in which many of the nomadic communities participated to overthrow the
colonial rulers. The British propagated a theory that some communities were criminals by birth
and crime was their caste or community occupation. The British enacted a Criminal Tribes Act
of 1871 and later in 1911, notified a number of communities under this Act, that itself was
revised periodically. The district collectors were given the authority to notify the communities
under their jurisdiction as criminal tribes. This was annulled after 1952 and all these
communities were de-notified following Aiyangar Committee recommendations. That is how
they are categorised as de-notified tribes (Siva Prasad, R: 2015).
 Traditionally these communities practice a range of occupations and are remarkably internally
diverse. Scholars have classified them into the following broad categories: pastoralists and
hunter-gatherers metal workers (smiths), stone workers, salt traders, basket makers entertainers
including dancers, acrobats, musicians, performers, snake charmers, monkey trainers, wrestlers
herbalists, mendicants, artisans, bards, astrologers etc
 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGS)

 There are more than 705 tribal groups, having
heterogeneous social, religious and cultural norms.
Some of the tribes are characterized as Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) (earlier known as
Primitive Tribal Groups) on the basis of their greater
‘vulnerability’ and economical backwardness, within
the scheduled tribes. PVGTs currently include 75
tribal groups which reside in 18 states and the union
territory of A&N Islands. Among PVGTs some of
communities are facing the threat of extinction and
these groups are considered endangered population.
In 1979 the Ministry of Home affairs initiated four
criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal
Groups.
 They are:
1) Pre-agricultural level of technology and economy,
2) Very low rate of literacy,
3) Declining or near stagnant population, and
4) A subsistence level of economy.
 Among the 75 listed PVTGs the highest number are found in Odisha (13). Other states having
PVTGs are: Andhra Pradesh (12), Bihar including Jharkhand (9) Madhya Pradesh including
Chhattisgarh (3+4) Tamil Nadu (6) Kerala (5) and Gujarat (5). The remaining PVTGs live in
West Bengal (3), Maharashtra (3), two each in Karnataka and Uttarakhand and one each in
Rajasthan, Tripura and Manipur.
 Members of each tribe were united by kinship bonds. Many tribes obtained their livelihood
from agriculture. Others were hunter-gatherers or herders. Most often they combined these
activities to make full use of the natural resources of the area in which they lived. Some tribes
were nomadic and moved from one place to another.
 A tribal group controlled land and pastures jointly, and divided these amongst households
according to its own rules. Many large tribes thrived in different parts of the subcontinent.
They usually lived in forests, hills, deserts and places difficult to reach. Sometimes they
clashed with the more powerful caste-based societies. In various ways, the tribes retained their
freedom and preserved their separate culture.
 ACCORDING TO D.N. MAJUMDAR
 “A tribe is a collection of families, bearing a common name, members to which occupy the
same territory, speak the same language and observe certain taboos regarding marriage
profession or occupation and have developed a well assessed system of reciprocity and
mutuality of obligation.”
 The present popular meaning of ‘Tribe’ in India refers to a category of people, included in the
list of Scheduled Tribes.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRIBES IN MADHYA
PRADESH, CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO TRIBES
 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
 The term, ‘Scheduled Tribes’ is of origin which came into being with the birth of the
Republication constitution of India on Jan., 26, 1950. Prior to that scheduled Tribes were
variously termed as “Aboriginals,” “Adivasis,” “Forest tribes,” “Hill Tribes,” and “Primitive
Tribes, "Scheduled Tribes" means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups
within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be
Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution.
 The Constitution of India has several provisions to prevent discrimination against people
belonging to Scheduled Tribes and to protect their rights. Some of the important provisions
are:
1. EDUCATIONAL & CULTURAL SAFEGUARDS:
 Art. 15(4):- Special provisions for advancement of other backward classes (which includes
STs).
 Art. 16 (4):- The state can make any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in
favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately
represented in the services under the state.
 Art. 29:- Protection of Interests of Minorities (which includes STs).
 Art. 46:- The State shall promote, with special care, the educational and economic interests of
the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes, and the
Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
 Art. 350:- Right to conserve distinct Language, Script or Culture.
 Art. 350 A: - Instruction in Mother Tongue.
2. SOCIAL SAFEGUARD
 Art. 17 Abolition of untouchability:- This has been provided as a fundamental right and it is
Article 17 which is the chief instrument through which the constitution has abolished
untouchability. According to Article 17, “untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any
form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability shall be an
offence punishable in accordance with law.
 Art. 23:- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and beggar and other similar form of forced
labour.
 Art. 24:- Forbidding Child labour.
3. ECONOMIC SAFEGUARDS
 Art.244:- Clause(1) Provisions of Fifth Schedule shall apply to the administration & control of
the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than the states of Assam,
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura which are covered under Sixth Schedule, under Clause (2)
of this Article.
 Art. 275:- Grants in-Aid to specified States (STs & SAs) covered under Fifth and Sixth
Schedules of the Constitution.
4. POLITICAL SAFEGUARDS
 Art.164 (1):- Provides for Tribal Affairs Ministers in Bihar, MP and Orissa.
 Art. 330:- Reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha.
 Art. 332- Reservation of seats for STs in State Legislatures.
 Art. 334:- 10 years period for reservation (Amended several times to extend the period.).
 Art. 243:- Reservation of seats in Panchayats.
 Art. 371:- Special provisions in respect of NE States and Sikkim.
 As per Article 338-A of the Constitution of India, the National Commission for Scheduled
Tribes has been set-up to, inter-alia, investigate and monitor all matters relating to the
safeguards provided for the Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution or under any other law
for the time being in force or under any order of the Government and to evaluate the working
of such safeguards; and to inquire into specific complaints with respect to the deprivation of
rights and safeguards of the Scheduled Tribes.
 DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED TRIBE – ARTICLE 366 (25)

 Article 366(25)
 The term scheduled tribe or Adivasi is used for group of indigenous people of a particular area.
The term scheduled Tribe is defined in the Indian constitution under article 366(25).
 As per Article 366(25) such tribes or tribal communities or groups are deemed (listed) under
Article 342.
 Under Article 342, the President may, With respect to any state or UT after consultation with
the governor by a public notification specify those tribes or tribal communities.
 SCHEDULED AND TRIBALS AREAS:
 Article 244 in Part X of the Constitution envisages a special system of administration for
certain areas designated as ‘scheduled area’ and ‘tribal areas’.
 The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration and control of scheduled
areas and scheduled tribes in any state except the four states of Assam. Meghalaya, Tripura
and Mizoram.
 The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution, on the other hand, deals with the administration of the
tribal areas in the four northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS:
 The various features of Administration contained in the Fifth Schedule are as follow.
1. Declaration of Scheduled Areas:
 The President is empowered to declare an area to be a scheduled area.
 He can also increase or decrease its area, alter its boundary lines, rescind such designation or
make fresh orders for such redesignation on an area in consultation with the governor of the
state concerned.
2. Executive Power of State and Centre:
 The executive power of a state extends to the scheduled areas therein.
 But the governor has a special responsibility regarding such areas.
 He has to submit a report to the president regarding the administration of such areas annually
or whenever so required by the president.
 The executive power of the Centre extends to giving directions to the states regarding the
administration of such areas.
3. Tribes Advisory Council:
 Each state having scheduled areas has to establish a tribes advisory council to advise on
welfare and advancement of the scheduled tribes.
 It is to consist of 20 members, three-fourths of whom are to be the representatives of the
scheduled tribes in the state legislative assembly.
 A similar council can also be established in a state having scheduled tribes but not scheduled
areas therein, if the president so directs.
Article 342- scheduled tribe: The provisions under Article are-
1. The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory, and where it is a State, after
consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification, specify the tribes, or tribal communities or
parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be
deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be.
2. Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a
notification issued under clause (2) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or
tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by
any subsequent notification.
4. Law applicable to Scheduled Areas:

 The governor is empowered to direct that any particular acts of Parliament or the state
legislature does not apply to a scheduled area or apply with specified modifications and
exceptions.
 He can also make regulations for the peace and good government of a scheduled areas after
consulting the tribes advisory council.
 Such regulations may prohibit or restrict the transfer of land by or among members of the
scheduled tribes, regulate the allotment of land to members of the scheduled tribes and
regulate the business of money-lending in relation to the scheduled tribes. Also a regulation
may repeal or amend any act of Parliament or the state legislature, which is applicable to a
scheduled area. But, all such regulation require the assent of the president.
 The Constitution required the president to appoint a commission to report on the
administration of the scheduled areas and the welfare of the scheduled tribes in the states. He
can appoint such a commission at any time but compulsorily after ten years of the
commencement of the Constitution. Hence, a commission was appointed in 1960. It was
headed by U.N. Dhebar and submitted its report in 1961. After four decades, the second
commission was appointed in 2002 under the chairmanship of Dilip Singh Bhuria. It submitted
its report in 2004.
 ADMINISTRATION OF TRIBALS AREAS
 The Constitution, under Sixth Schedule, contains special provisions for the administration of
tribal areas in the four north-eastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. The
rationality behind the special arrangements in respect of only these four states lies in the
following:
 “The tribes in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram have not assimilated much the life
and ways of the other people in these states. These areas have hitherto been anthropological
specimens.
 The tribes in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, on the other hand, still have their roots
in their own culture customs and civilization. These areas are, therefore, treated differently by
the Constitution and sizeable amount of autonomy has been given to these people for self-
government.
The various features of administration contained in the Sixth Schedule are as follows:
1. The tribal areas in the four states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura an Mizoram have been constituted as
autonomous districts. But they do not fall outside the executive authority of the state concerned.
2. The governor is empowered to organize and re-organise the autonomous districts. Thus, he can
increase or decrease their areas or change their names or define their boundaries and so on.
3. If there are different tribes in an autonomous district, the governor can divide the district into several
autonomous regions.
4. Each autonomous district has a district council consisting of 30 members of whom four are nominated
by the governor and the remaining 26 are elected on the basis of adult franchise. The elected members
hold office for a term of five years (unless the council is dissolved earlier) and nominated members
hold office during the pleasure of the governor. Each autonomous region also has a separate regional
council.
5. The district and regional councils within their territorial jurisdictions can constitute village councils or
courts for trial of suits and cases between the tribes. They hear appeals from them. The jurisdiction of
high court over these suits and case is specified by the governor.
6. The acts of Parliament or the state legislature do not apply to autonomous districts and autonomous
regions or apply with specified modification and exceptions.
7. The governor can appoint a commission to examine and report on any matter relating to the
administration of the autonomous district or regions. He may dissolve a district or regional council on
the recommendation of the commission.
 Articles Related to Scheduled and Tribal Areas at a Glance

Article No. Subject-matter
244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
244 A Formation of an autonomous state comprising certain tribal
areas in Assam and creation of local legislature of Council
of Ministers or both therefore.
339 Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled
Areas and the Welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
Articles Related to Special Provisions for Certain Classes at a Glance
Article No. Subject-matter
330 Reservation of Seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the House of
the People.
331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
(By 104th Ammendment Act 2019 the provision for Anglo Indian Seats
is ended)
332 Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the
legislative assemblies of the states.
334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after seventy years.
335 Claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to services and posts.
338 A National Commission for scheduled castes
339 Control of the Union over the administration of scheduled areas and the
welfare for scheduled tribes.
342 Scheduled tribes
 MADHYA PRADESH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
 47 seats are reserved for ST out of 230 seats
 Loksabha – 6 seats are reserved for ST out of the total 29 Loksabha seats from Madhya
Pradesh.(Shahdol, Mandla, Ratlam, Dhar, Khargone, Betul)
 SCENARIO OF TRIBES IN MADHYA PRADESH
 Madhya Pradesh is the residence of almost 46 Tribes and 96 sub-Tribes. According to census
of 2011 Tribal population in Madhya Pradesh comprises of 21.1% of the total population of
the state. Madhya Pradesh also has the highest population of scheduled Tribes in India.
 Due to its large tribal population ,the state is kept under schedule V of the Constitution and the
state is divided in to 89 Tribal blocks.
 The three biggest tribes of Madhya Pradesh are – Bhil, Gond and Kol.
 Dhar, Jhabua, Alirajpur, Barwani are 4 districts of Madhya Pradesh that consist of around 50%
tribal Population out of their respective total population, and 24 districts of Madhya Pradesh
Comes under Tribal belt
 Scheduled Tribes is one of the most deprived socio-economic groups in India. On
geographical basis, Scheduled Tribes are found at peripheries marginal areas, far away from
mainstream societ and are mostly geographically isolated either on islands or interior areas.
This group has been left behind in the society in terms of social development. They have their
own district culture, language, political, organization and economy
 GEOGRAPHICAl AREA
 In the North Eastern region of our state (which includes districts of Shahdol, Sidhi, Jabalpur,
Rewa and Satna), there is a major concentration of tribal population particularly of Kol,
Mudiya, Agariya, Panika and Khairwar tribes. Kol is the major tribe in this area.
 In the Western region of our state (which includes Khandwa, Khargone, Jhabua, Ratlam and
Dhar, there is a major concentration of Bhil Population.
 In the southern region of our state (which includes districts of Mandla, Balaghat, Seoni,
Chhindwara, Betul and Hoshangabad), there is a major concentration of Baiga, Gond, Bharia
and Mandia Tribes. Even though Gond is the largest tribe of the region, yet Mandla has a
major concentration of Baiga population while Hoshangabad and Eastern Nimar have a
significant concentration of Korku population.
 Further, there is diversity of tribal people in Madhya Pradesh with differences seen in lifestyle,
culture, traditions, social customs, etc. Madhya Pradesh tops among the states and the union
territories of our country in terms of special tribal population and has first rank when it comes
to proportion of ST population total population.
 The main tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh are Bhil, Gond, Bharia, Saharia, Kol, Madia, Korku
and Agariya. Most of the tribal population concentration is in Dhar, Jhabua and Mandla
districts..
 Three tribes of Madhya Pradesh Baiga, Bhariya and Sahariya have been declared specific
backward tribes by the Government of India. The recognition to a specific backward tribe is
provided by Government of India, and the recognition by the Government of India is ensured
on the basis of following criteria:-
1. Low level of technology in agriculture.
2. Very low level of literacy
3. Resides in extremely backward and remote areas.
4. Stable or declining population.
 CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS
 In the Indian Constitution, detailed description of Scheduled Castes is given in Article 341 and
definition is provided in Article 366(24), while the Scheduled Tribes have been described in
detai in Article 342 and definition is given in Article 366(25).
 National Commission for Scheduled Castes and National Commission for Scheduled Tribe
have been accorded the constitutional status under Article 388 and Article 388(A) respectively.
 SCHEDULED TRIBES
 Madhya Pradesh has the maximum Scheduled Tribe population in the country, ranked 1st in the
country in terms of population of Scheduled Tribes in the state and at 13th position in terms of
percentage of the tribal population. According to the 2011 census, the tribal population of the
state was 1, 53,16,784. It is 21.09% of the total population of the state. A total of 43 Scheduled
Tribes groups are notified in Madhya Pradesh.
 Three tribes of Madhya Pradesh – Baiga, Bhariya and Saharia have been notified by the
Government of India as Special Backward Tribe.
 The district with maximum tribal population in the state is Dhar (12,22,814) and Bhind (6,131)
has the lowest tribal population. But in terms of the percentage of tribal population in the state,
Alirajpur (89.0%) holds the first position and Bhind (0.4%) is at last position.
 According to the 2011 census, in Madhya Pradesh, only 10.40 lakh tribals reside in the urban
areas which is only 6.8% of the total tribal population in the state.
 In terms of urban tribal population Bhind hold the first position where 76.8% tribal population
resides in urban areas whereas Dindori is the last position, where only 1.6% tribal population
resides in urban areas.
 Balaghat district has the highest ST Sex Ratio (1048) and Bhind has the lowest
ST Sex Ratio (867) in the state.
 Balaghat district has the highest ST Literacy Rate (66.7%) and Alirajpur has the lowest ST
Literacy Rate in the State.
Top Five Schedule Tribe Population district- in Absolute numbers and Percentage
District Schedule Tribe District Schedule Tribe

Population Population %
Dhar 12,22,814 Alirajpur 89%
Barwani 9,62,145 Jhabua 87%
Jhabua 8,91,818 Barwani 69.4%
Chhindwara 7,69,778 Dindori 64.7%
West Nimar (Khargone) 7,30,169 Mandla 57.9%
Below Five Schedule Tribe Population district- in Absolute numbers and Percentage
District Schedule Tribe District Schedule Tribe
Population Population %
Bhind 6131 Bhind 0.4%
Datia 15,061 Morena 0.9%
Morena 17,030 Datia 1.9%
Mandsaur 33,092 Mandsaur,Ujjain, 2.5%
Shajapur
Shajapur 37,836 Bhopal 2.9%
 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS IN MADHYA

PRADESH
 Primitive, geographically isolated, shy and
socially, educationally & economically
backwardness are the traits that distinguish
Scheduled Tribes of our country from other
communities.
 Tribal communities live in about 15% of
the country's areas in various ecological and
geoclimatic conditions ranging from plains
to forests, hills and inaccessible areas.
Tribal groups are at different stages of
social, economic and educational
development.
 While some tribal communities have
adopted a mainstream way of life at one
end of the spectrum, on the other hand,
more vunerable among the tribe groups are
classified as particular vulnerable tribal
groups.
 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL

GROUPS (PVTGS)
 In India, tribal population makes up for 8.6% of the
total population.
 PVTGs are more vulnerable among the tribal groups.
Due to this factor, more developed and assertive
tribal groups take a major chunk of the tribal
development funds because of which PVTGs need
more funds directed for their development.
 In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created
Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a separate
category, who are less developed among the tribal groups. In 2006, the Government of
India renamed the PTGs as PVTGs.
 In this context, in 1975, the Government of India initiated to identify the
PVTG most
AREA vulnerable
IN MADHYA PRADESHtribal
groups as a separate category called PVTGs and declared 52 such groups, while
in 1993 an additional 23 groups were added to the category, making it a total of 75 PVTGs
out of 705 Scheduled Tribes.
 PVTGs have some basic characteristics - they are mostly homogenous, with a small
population, relatively physically isolated, absence of written language, relatively simple
technology and a slower rate of change etc.
 Among the 75 listed PVTG’s the highest number are found in Odisha.
Criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups are:
1. Pre-agricultural level of technology,
2. Low level of literacy
3. Economic backwardness
4. A declining or stagnant population
 Three Tribes of Madhya Pradesh is notified as particularly vulneranable tribe by government
of India. They are Baiga, Bharia, Sahariya.
State level authority/ agencies have been formed for PVTG.

 There is a provision for nomination of a chairman and three non-official members of a
particular special backward tribe in each authority.
 11 agencies/authority are working to prepare and implement schemes for the development of
special PVTG, whose work area is in 15 districts.
AUTHORITY HEADQUARTER AND THEIR JURISDICTION AREA
Headquarter Jurisdiction Area
Sahariya Development Authority
1. Sheopurkalan 1. Sheopurkalan 2. Morena 3 Bhind
2. Shivpuri 4. Shivpuri
3. Guna 5. Guna 6. Ashoknagar
4. Gwalior 7. Gwalior 8. Datia
Baiga Development Authority
1. Mandla 9. Mandla
2. Shahdol 10. Shahdol
3. Balaghat 11. Balaghat
4. Umaria 12. Umaria
5. Dindori 13. Dindori
6. Annupur 14. Annupur
Bhariya Development Authority
1. Tamia 15. 12
 MADHYA PRADESH STATE LEVEL KOL TRIBE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
 Established in 2011
TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH

1. Agariya 26.Kol
2. Andh 27.Kolam
3. Baiga 28.Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul, Bondhi,
4. Bhaina Bondeya
5. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar 29.Korwa, Kodaku
Bhumia, 30.Majhi
Bhumiya, Bharia, Paliha, Pando 31.Majhwar
6. Bhattra 32.Mawasi
7. Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia 33.Mina (in Sironj sub-division of Vidisha
8. Bhil Meena district) Munda
9. Bhunjia 34.Nagesia, Nagasia
10.Biar, Biyar 35. Oraon, Dhanka, Dhangad
11.Binjhwar 36. Panika
12.Birhul, Birhor 37. Pao
13.Damor, Damaria 38. Pardhan, Pathari Saroti
14.Dhanwar 39. Pardhi: In Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts
15. Gadaba, Gadba 40. Pardhi: Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Langoli
16.Gond )(1
Pardhi, Phans Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia.
17.Halba, Halbi 41.Parja
18.Kagar 42.Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Sehria, Sosia, Sor
19.Karku 43.Saonta, Saunta
20. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, 44.Saur
Rathia, 45.Sawar, Sawara
21.Tanwar, Chattri 46.Sonr
22.Keer
(in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts)
23.Khairwar, Kondar
24.Kharia
25.Kondh, Khond, Kandh
(Gond) Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, Asur, Badi Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma,
Bhuta, Koilabhuta, Koliabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami
Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Dorla, Gaiki, Gatta, Gatti, Gaita, Gond Gowari,
Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, Khirwara,
KuchaMaria,Kuchaki Maria, Madia, Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, Monghya,
Mudia,Muria, Nagarchi, Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade
Maria, Vade Maria, Daroi.
Note: Out of 46 tribes 3 tribes (Keer, Mina and Pardhi) have been omitted. Now total no. of tribes
is 43
 Keer (in Bhopal, Raisen, and Sehore districts) omitted by Government of India notification
dated 08.01.2003
 Meena (in Sironj sub division of Vidisha district) omitted by Government of India notification
dated 08.01.2003
 Pardhi (Bhopal, Raisen, Sehore District) omitted by Government of India notification dated
08.01.2003
1. Census
Population (Census 2011)
India (1,210,854,977) Madhya Pradesh (7,26,26,809)
Tribal Polulation: 10.4 Crore (ST)

SC Other
ST 1.13 Crore 4.59 Crore
1.53 Crore
(21.09 %)
8.6 %
Madhya Pradesh 21.09% tribes
Largest Number of People
Bhil Gond Kol

(46 Lacs) (43 Lacs) (11.5 Lacs)
2.Tribal
1.53 (Crore)
92% 8%
(Rural) (Urban)
Population No. Population (%)
Smallest Largest Smallest Largest
 Bhind (6131) Dhar(12,22,809)  Bhind (0.4%)  Alirajpur (89%)

 Morena Barwani Datia  Jhabua
 Datia Jhabua Morena Badhwani
3. Population Density
India MP
(32 km2) (50 km2)
4. Decadal growth Rate
23% (India) 25% (MP)
5. Literacy Rate
59% 50%
India
+9 -9
Male: 59% Female: 41%
6. Sex Ratio
India MP
(990) (984)
DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES
Tribes can be divided into two types:
1. Minor Tribe
2. Major Tribe
MINOR TRIBES
There are following important minor tribes in Madhya Pradesh:
1. Majhi 2. Pardhi 3. Keer 4. Saur 5.Khairwar 6.Panika 7.Kawar
8.Agaria 9. Pao 10.Binjwar 11. Halwa 12. Pardhan 13. Banjara
TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES IN MADHYA PRADESH

S.No. Tribe Sub- Tribes Location
1 Gond Agariya, Pardhan, Ojha, Found mainly in Satpura & Vindhyan Region
Nagrachi, solhas (Mandala, Didori, Balaghat, Betul, Seoni,
Jabalpur, Damoh )
2 Bhil Barela, Bhilala, Pateliya Western Madhya Pradesh (Jhabua, Alirajpur,
Dhar, Badwani, khandwa, Khargone)
3 Baiga Binjhwar, Narotiya, South Eastern Madhya Pradesh(Balaghat, Mandla,
Raimaina, Kathmaina, Dindori )
Bharotiya, Nahar
4 Korku Bhumiya, Bhuihar, Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Betul
Badoya
5 Kol Routiya, Routlele Rewa, Sidhi, Satna, Shadhol
6 Sahariya Shivpuri, Sheopur, Guna
7 Panika Sidhi
8 Khairwar Sidhi, Shadol, Panna
9 Agariya Eastern Madhya Pradesh
(Sidhi, Shahdol)
MAJOR TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH
1. Bhil
 The word Bhil originated from Sanskrit word Bhill and Dravidian word Beel.
 The literal meaning of Bhil is Bow.
 It is the largest tribe of Madhya Pradesh, which resides in
districts of Dhar, Jhabua, Alirajpur, Barwani, Khandwa,
Guna etc in the state.
 This tribe represents Proto-Australoid human race and
speaks Bhili language.
 The detailed description of the Bhil tribe is done by TB
Nair in his book The Bhil
 Bhils contributed in Battle of Haldighati along side
Maharana Pratap.
 Bhil is the largest tribe of India and of Madhya Pradesh by Population
 They are mainly concentrated in Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar, Badwani, Khargone,
 Ratlam – Districts of western Madhya Pradesh.
 They belong to – Proto Austroloid Race.
 Mythologically, “Bhil” means- Bow.
 They believe in the philosophy of Animism according to which every object, creature place ,
possesses a spiritual essence. (Nature worshippers)
 They live in forest area in small settlements – koo or ku .
 Their colonies are called – Falya.
 Those bhils who accept Islam are known as Tadwi Bhils
 They believe in the idea of – Totemism (life after death)
 They believe in Endogamy and marriage outside their tribe (intercaste) is strictly prohibited
 Polygamy is allowed in bhil community but the senior wife maintains the position of Authority
 Dissolution of Marriage is only initiated by women.
 All bhils like to address themselves as- Mama
 Bhili women are world’s leading women in wearing ornaments
 Important persons in Bhil community

 Bhagat - Most holy person
 Pujaro - Doctors in Bhil Society
 Kotwar - Head/ caretakers of Bhil village.
 Major sub tribes of Bhils – Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patalia, Rathiyas, Begas and Umri are
among the sub-tribes of the Bhil tribe.
 Among which Bhilala is the largest sub-tribe, who consider themselves as descendants of
Maharana Pratap.
 Umri sub-tribe is in the most miserable of the other sub-tribe of Bhils, which resides in Guna,
Shajapur and nearby districts. This sub-tribe follows Islam.
 OTHER SUB-TRIBES BASED ON PROFESSION
 Madavi, Badvon or Bhagat: These people are considered as the most holy persons in Bhil
tribe.
 Pujaro: People of this caste have special knowledge in drugs and regarding the treatment of
diseases.
 Kotwar: The person of this caste administers the village of Bhils.
 Pithora is a world famous picture of Bhils. Kadawi Bhils are called Muslims Bhil
 FOOD
 Maize roti, toddy and jowar are the favorite food of Bhils. During the summer, they drink
Mahua and Toddy alcohol drinks and hunt for Kadaknath chicken.
 The method of agriculture followed by them is known as Dajiya and Chimata.
 According to the census 2011, 53.8% of Bhils are involved in agriculture and about one- third
of the Bhils work as farm labourers
 Village head is known as Gameti, Mainly, they address each other as Mama
 CUSTOM AND RITUALS-

 Dapa custom – In this custom, heavy Bridal price is imposed on the Groom, during Marriage
system, (Note- Govind giri movement was launched to restore and strengthen the dapa
custom)
 Custom of child Birth – When a child is born he/She is ceremonially laid on the heap of
maize. The paternal cousin picks him/her up and refuses to handover the baby back to the
mother until she presents them with gifts.
Touching- grains just after the birth is considered as auspicious in bhil Tribe
 Marriage-
 Gandharva Marriage
 Natara Marriage (In this type widows can remarry)
 Pariksha (Testing) marriages
 Vinimay (Exchange) marriage (circulation of dowry).
 Apaharan Vivah- Marriage by kidnapping/ Abctution
 Natra Vivah- Ghar Jamai
 Seva Vivah- Groom goes to Bride’s home and convinces his father –in –law to give assent to
marriage. He Provides his services to the in-laws for this. It is Marriage by Services.
(Note- High Sex Ratio in Tribes, Reason-Gender sensitiveness- gender equality)
(Marginalisation or Alienation of Tribals)
 Merit - their customs and culture remains intact in pristine /undiluted form)
 Bhai- Bhai Vivah
 Golgadhedo- It is a marriage by competition. It is a spring ritual celebrated a few days after
holi. In Golgadhedo, Bhil women chooses her partner , after competition .
 Bhagoriya- It is the festival of love. This festival dates back to parmar period
when tow bhil Tribal chiefs organised a marriage fair at their capital – Bhagor. Names of both
chiefs – Kasumar and Balan.
 Bhagoriya is a festival in which boy and girl find their life partners and elope together. It is
 Celebrated during – Holi (Spring- QkYxqu) for 7 days in 3 phases namely
 Gulaliya Haat
 Bhagoriya Haat
 Ujadiya Haat
 Worship –
 The most powerful diety of Bhils is Rajpanth
 They also worship Bow as god
 The most aesthetic animal for Bhils is Horse. (Note- Pithaurra Painting – Horse is depicted)
 The reptile worshipped by bhils is – Snake.
 They also appease dieties of forest and evil Spirits since they believed in philosophy of
Animism which implies that they believe in the spiritual essence of every object or thing so
they have several forest dieties.
 They also worship lord Shiva, Lord Hanuman and goddess Durga.
 Baneshwar Fair
 Location – Rajasthan on Junction of Mahi, Som and Jakham Rivers
 Known as- Kumbh of Tribals
 It is a annual Tribal fair which is celebrated on the occasions of Mahashivratri.
 Celebrated at – Baneshwar Mahadev Temple.
 Palasla-
 Grains are grown in small baskets before souring on the lands and then this basket is
worshipped for a prosperous cultivation .
 Diwasa-
 Bhils of Alirajpur district celebrates Diwasa to please lord Indra by sacrificing goat, for better
Rain and cultivation.
 Nawai/ Nabai-
 It is a festival of first use of new grains celebrated in the first week of September (Rabi-sowing
season)
 Gavari-
 This festival finds special place in the religious beliefs of Bhils
 It is celebrated for 40 days to demonstrate their faith & reverance towards lord Shiva
(Bhasmasur-story)
 Nav khani-
 Celebrated in – Jhabua district in which sacrifice of Buffalo is given for good rainfall
 ECONOMY
 Agriculture is the main occupation of Bhils
 Easlies, they used to practice Jhum-“ Chimata” cultivation known as Chimata.
 But now they are moving towards a sustainable agriculture known as Dajiya/Dahiya.
 They are also good hunters, so hunting is also one of their live hood sources.
 DANCE
 The Bhil tribe mainly performs dances like Kaharwa, Toda, Padava, Dagla etc
2. GONDS
 Gond tribe is the 2nd largest tribe of the state.
 Their roots belongs to dravidian race.
 The word Gond is derived from the Telugu word Kond,
which means - Mountain. This tribe lives in mountainous
areas, so they are called Gond.
 It is India's largest tribal groups and the second
largest tribe of Madhya Pradesh.
 This tribe resides in Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat, Seoni
and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh.
 Gond people belong to Dravidian ethnic groups,
languages and speak Gondi and Dorli language.
 According to 2011 Census, the population of Gond tribe in Madhya Pradesh is 50.93 lakh,
which is 33.25% of the total tribal population in the state.
 The highest population of Gond tribe is 6.2 lakhs in Chhindwara district.
Verrier Elwin wrote the book The Muria and their Ghotul in 1947
 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION –
 Gondwand dynasty spread across the regions of – Garhmandla, Singaurgarh (Damoh), Makdai
(Harda) Kharela (Betul), Devgarh (Chhindwara) etc. were some important centers of Gond
rulers.
 Currently these trives are settled around the Banks of Narmada – like- Betul, Hoshangabad.
Mandla. Dindori, Jablapur, Harda, Narsinghpur etc.
 Gond dynasty used to rule over south – east, southern and central district of MP.
 SOCIETY-
 Major classes of gonds are
 Rajgond- ruling class
 Dhur gond- General persons/commoners
On the basis of profession, Gond are classified into different classes.
 Muqaddam- Head of gond Panchyats
 Ojha- Tantrik
 Koila Bhutis – Dancers
 Agariya – Iron smiths/ Blacksmith
 Pradhan – Priests
 Salahus/Solhas – carpenter
 Their society is manly patriarchial
 Staple food of gonds is millets- kodo-kutti
 The most worshipped tree of Gond communilty is peepal
 Cremation practice-
 Gond follow both types of funeral systems – (I) by burrying (II) creamtion by burning
 The most loving drink of Gonds is – Paej (cocktail of rice and Cornflakes)
 Gond women are fond of – ornaments & Tattoo(Gudna)
 Classification of Subtribes of Gonds
 On the basis of Residence:
 Rajgond (Land Owners)
 Dhurgond (Common People)
 Muriya and Mariya (Most Backward Subtribe)
 On the basis of Occupation:

 Agaria - Iron Smith
 Pardhan - Priest
 Ojha - Tantric
 Solhas - Carpenter
 Koilabhutis - Nomad
 The main deity of Gond tribe is Dulha Dev and there are other gods and goddesses like
Buddha Deva, Bada Deo, Thakur Dev (God of land), Nag Dev, Narayana Dev worshiped by
Gond People.
 RELIGION
Important Deities of Gonds
 Badadev- Creator of Gonds
 Dulhadev – worshipped during marriage
 Badhadev/ Budhadev- kuldevta
 Khairmai – local diety
 Narsen- Protector of Boundary of villages.
 Mariya – Goddess of disease
 ECONOMY OF GONDS
 Practice Agriculture and Hunting
 Mostly dependent on forest Resources
 They practice Jhum cultivation , which is
known as - Bari
 CUSTOMS
 Ghotul system –
 Ghotul System is a life university in the Gond
Community where the Tribal youths are
Trained about the socio-cultural traditions of
gond community
 Ghotul is an institution where unmarried boys and girls are given prenupital training for a
better understanding of beliefs of a community.
 Khehul pata- it is a sad song sung at the time of funeral
 FESTIVAL
 Madhi- This is the biggest cultural event of Gonds
 Goddess Danteshwari and others local dieties
 Celebration is started in the beginning of December and Continues till March.
 Madhai festival is the fusion of social economical and religious festival / elements
 Ritual Sacrifice is an important element in this festival.
 This cultural event is marked by singing of songs like – Railo, Chital
 Pola- It is the celebration of labour.
 It is an event of offering gratitude to Ox and its labour on the field . The Gonds consider Ox as
an important asset in farming that’s why it must be honoured and worshipped.
 Kesalpur Jatra/ nagoba Jatra-
 This is the 2nd biggest carnival of Gond community which is celebrated for 10 days
 This festival is celebratied in telagana , but the Gonds of near by states collect the holiy water
of River
 Godavari and reach near kesalpur (in telangana) to venerate – Shri Shek Nag/cobra.
 Ghajla And Bidri-

 Bidri ceremony is celebrated with the start of sowing seaon with the sacrifice of goat.
 Ghajla ceremany is a cermony in which Earthen pot is worshipped.
 Both are celebrated during sowing season.
 Navakhani-
 This is a havesting festival when people eat new grains of rice after harvesting season.
 Other festivals- Bakpanthi and Malai.
 MARRIAGES
 Pathauni Vivah
 Girl (Bride) takes the marriage procession to grooms House.
 Chad Vivah
 Bridegroom’s procession to bride’s House
 Lamsena Vivah
 Marriage in which boy stays in girl’s house.
 Doodh Lautava
 Marriage between maternal cousins and paternal
cousins.
 Piesotur Marriage
 Abduction marriage in gonds.
 DANCES
 Karma:
 Its name is registered in Guiness Book of World’s
Records. It is a traditional folk Dance of Gonds
performed during karma Festival. It is performed to
worship the God of Fate or Karma Devta.
 The Dancers from circle and by keeping arms
around each other’s waist, Dancer’s feets move in a
to- and -from motion.’
 The main musical instrument is a drum known as-
Timki. Other instruments are Thumki Challa Payri, Jhumki etc.
 The Dance marks the end of Rainy season and advent of spring.
 Saila:
 It is performed only by males. Saila is a stick Dance that is famous in Gond Tribes. It is
celebrated just before the arrival of Diwali festival in the post- Harvesting Season (Kharif)
 Sua:
 It is also known as- Parrot Dance exclusively performed by women.
 The Dance is performed on the occasion Gaura Vivah i.e., marriage of Lord Shiva & Goddess
Parvati. Women in circle carry basket of Harvested grains and wooden figure of parrot.
3. Bharia Tribe:
 The real meaning of the word Bharia is lack of
knowledge. This tribe used to carry loads, so they were
called Bharia.
 It is the most backward tribe of Madhya Pradesh,
residing in Chhindwara, Seoni and Mandla districts.
This tribe speaks Bharnoti language.
 A small group of Bharia tribe is residing in the place
called Patalkot of Chhindwara district for centuries.
The literal meaning of Patalkot is the mountain or
fortress surrounding the lake.
 In the census of 1981, the Bharia tribe in Patalkot was
also termed as wild of the wilds. Bharias consider
Gonds as their elder brother.
 This tribe considers King Karnadev as their ancestor.
 The head of Bharia society is called Patel and other major members are Bhumla, Padihar and
Kotyar.
 Marriage
 Sagotriya marriages are prohibited in
Bharia tribe. In this tribe, marriage
between the children of aunt and uncle
is given priority.
 The bangle custom is also popular in
them. Apart from this, Mangani
Marriage, Lumma
Marriage, Raji Baji Marriage and
Widow Marriage are also popular.
 Their homes are known Asdhana.
 Sub-tribes- Bhoomia and Bhuidhar
 Their main occupation is agriculture in
form of Dahiya Agriculture (farming
like jhoom) a form of Shifting.
 Dance
 The popular dances performed by
Bharia tribe are Setam Bhetam, Karma,
Saila, Bhadam, Ahirai (Viraha).
Rang-bang is a dance form performed by the youth of the tribe.
 Festivals: Bidri Puja, Nawakhani, Diwali, Jatra, etc. are celebrated.
 Diety: Bharia tribe's main dieties are Dulhadev, Buddhadev, Badadev, Thakurudev,
Narayanadev etc. They also worship snakes and tigers.
 Other Details
 Location- Tamiya, Patalkot (Chhindwara)
 Status- PVTG (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group)
 Known as the Wildest of Wildest tribe as per 1981 census.
 Religion-Hinduism
 Main Food- Peg
 Cultural Youth house- Rang- Bhang
 Shifting Cultivation – Padu
 Badal Bhoi Museum:

 Established in 1954 as Tribal museum of Chhindwara.
 Its name was changed in 1997 as Badal Bhoi Museum
 It is related to Bharia Tribe (artifacts)
4. Baiga Tribe:
 The Baiga tribe found in Madhya Pradesh is one of the
three backward tribes declared by the
Government of India, which mainly resides in the
districts of Mandla, Dindori, Shahdol, Balaghat and
Seoni.
 It is a Dravidian community tribe, which represents
Proto-Australoid tribe; Baga tribe is a subtribe of
Bhuiya tribe.
 Verrier Elwin wrote the book The Baiga based on the
Baiga Tribe.
 The word baiga literally means-priest, Therefore, they
are also called panda, Baigaare priest as well as a
doctor of the village. The developed form of this tribe
is called Binjhwar.
 According to the 2011 census, the total population of Baiga tribe in Madhya Pradesh is 4.15
lakh which is 2.71 percent of the total tribal population in the state.
 Baigas are the ethics group found in eastern districts or Madhya Pradesh like- Dindori,
Mandla, Sidhi, Shahdol, Balaghat etc.
 Their roots belong to Dravidian Race.
 Baigas are declared as particularly Vulnerable Tribal group (PVTG) by Government of India.
 Society:
 Baigas are also known as Panda ¼iaMk½ as during the regin of Gondwana Kingdom, they used to
be the royal priests of gond rulers.
 They live a Semi-Nomadic Life.
 They do not use “plough” for the cultivation of their land because they consider it a “sin” to
scratch their mother’s breast as they consider Earth as their mother”
 Baigas consider it below their dignity to work as a labour (under anyone else) so they only
work for themselves.
 Baiga women are Tatto lovers ¼ ) Gudna Art½ and art extremely knowledgeable about
different types of Tattoo.
 Women had a very dignified position in Baiga community. There is a complete absence of
Gender discrimination in Baiga Community.
 Women in Baiga community have their own economic utility, freedom to choose their
partness, equal decision markers in their families.
 Mahua is an important food and drink in Baiga Tribe.
 SUB-TRIBES- BINJHWAR, NAROTIA, BHAROTIYA, NAHAR, RAI BHAIN, KADH BHAINA
 There is a Panchayat system in Baiga tribe, in which five types of Panchs are-Mukadam
Diwan, Samrath, Kotwar and Dawar, Mukadam is the head of Panchayat.
 The village of this tribe is known as Poorva, the person who protects the poorva is known as
Kotwar and priest is known as Baivat.
 The Baiga tribes practice shifting cultivation known as bewar of Dahiya.
 Use of plough is forbidden, axe is their main tool.
 The tree worshipped by Baigas is Sal Tree as their ancestors- Budhadev/Badhadev resides on
it.
 Head of their panchayats are called Muqaddam.

 Their morning meal is called Basi and evening meal is called Biyari.
 Pre-marital relationships are sanctioned and acceptable.
 They have at radiation of Joint-Family.
 Culture
 Ratauna ¼ ½% It is main festival of Baiga Tribe. In this festival honeybee is worshipped, as
honeybee brings economic utility to these tribes.
 Solarbaji ¼ ½% It is swine/ pig worshipping tribe. They celebrate, solarbaji festival after
every 12 years.
 Phag Festival: It is a festival in which women are allowed to beat man.
 Bidri Festival: It deals with the protection of crops, in which prayers are offered to seek
blessing.
 Sarhul: This festival is celebrated during spring season when Sal Trees get new leaves.
 Karma Festival: It is a harvesting festival dedicated to Karm Devta-God of fate. It is recorded
in Guiness Book of World Record. it is celebrated for good harvest.
 Dance
 Saila, Karma, Sua (Parrot Dance) (By Gonds also), Sarhul, Pardhoni, Rina and Dashara and
Dadriya
 Pardhoni Dance
 The Dance is perfomed mainly to welcome the groom’s family/ Party.
 This dance is primarily performed on the occasion of marriage to convey the happiness and the
spirit of auspiciousness.
 Bilma Dance
 It is performed on Dashahra.
 Boys and girls of different Chaks (groups in Baigas) go for a dance and choose their partners.
 It is performed on the music of Mandar instrument.
 This dance is actually a celebration of love affairs.
 Bilma means- Union of Two groups (Chak)
 Baigs living at one place are called as Chak.
 Dancers of one Chak go to another Chak and performs Bilma Dance
 Sarhul Dance
 It is performed during Sarhul Festival.
 MARRIAGES
 Udharia Vivah: It is a women remarriage where by a girl already married and is interested in
Remarriage is made sacred again by pouring warm water and after it the girl is a pre to
remarry according to her own choice, leaving the current husband.
 Second husband (New) pays the compensation called Dawa to the previous husband.
 Muqaddam who is the head of Baiga Panchayat arbitrates the whole process.
 Chor Vivah: Marriage by elopement.
 Uthava Vivah: The whole expenditure of marriage is born by groom’s family.
 Paithul Vivah: In this marriage the girls secretly enters the boys house and drops rice and
turmeric and next day the boys family announces that the girl has become paithul in their
house and thus, invites the girl’s parents and convince them for marriage after paying the
paithul compensation.
 CUSTOMS:
 Gudna Art/customs
 Baiga women are the biggest admires of Tattoo Art in the world. These Baiga women wear
Tattoo almost on all over their Body.
 This system among Baiga women is called Gudna Art.
 Poda System
 Worshipping of Ox is done.
 ECONOMY:
 Baiga Tribes perform farming practice of Bewar or Dahiya which is a type of shifting
cultivation among Baigas , as Baigas consider it a sin to scratch their mother earth’s breast by
a plough.
 Considering the sensitivity of traditions among Baigas the Govt of Madhya Pradesh has
allocated them a land area to perform shifting cultivation in Mandla, Dindori region; which is
known as Baiga Chak.
 Tatto art or Gudna Art by the women of Baiga Tribes is not only a tradition but also a source
of livelihood among Baigas.
 The tradition of making the Folk medicines is followed by Baigas. The Baigas men are expert
in having deep knowledge about medicines for various types of ailments are prepared by
Baigas.
 Baigas Belief about Death:
According to Baigas belief- After death, human beings are believed to break in three spiritual
forces-
- Jiva: Which returns back to god.
- Chhaya: Which is brought to reside and protect the families who are left behind.
- Bhoot: It is the evil part which is left at the burial place.
 Religion
 Baiga tribe believes in the existence of the soul. Their chief diety is Budhadev. These people
also worship Dulhadev to protect them from diseases and the Thakurdev for the village's land.
Their sacred tree is Saaj.
 Important Gods and Dieties
 Badhadev ¼ ½% Chief Diety- also called Budhadev ¼cw<+knso½
 Thakur Dev ¼ ½% Protector of Land
 Dharti Mata: Mother Earth
 Bhimsena: Rain Giver
 Gansam Dev: Protector against wild Animals
5. SAHARIYA TRIBE:
 The word Saharia is derived from the Sah + Hariya,
which means - to be with a lion. In
 Persian words, the meaning of Sahar means a forest, and
this tribe resides in the forests, hence called Saharia.
 In terms of population, Saharia tribe is the fifth largest
tribe of Madhya Pradesh, which mainly resides in
Gwalior, Shivpuri, Morena, Guna districts.
 This tribe has been granted the status of special
backward tribe in Madhya Pradesh.
 The Saharia tribe museum is located in Sheopur district.
 In the Saharia tribe, patriarchal and joint families are
found whose family unit is known as kutum.
 The head of the Panchayat is called Patel and the other members are Kotwar, Chhopa, Barai,
 Adhnaria
 Sahariyas are the natives of Shahbad forest area which extends from- Kota to Guna
 Location- North Western Districts of Madhya Pradesh like- Sheopur, Morena, Guna, Shivpuri,
Bhind.
 Sahariya is the most malnourished tribe of Madhya Pradesh. Sheopur inhabits

maximum number of Sahariya Tribals; and because their high malnutrition “Sheopur is called
Ethiopia of India”
 Residence –
 They live in houses joined with each other on flat plains, which are known as
Saharan. Among the houses, a community hall or Dharmshala is built which is known as
Bagla
 SOCIETY-
 Their homes are called- Sahrana.
 They consider the birth of a girl child auspicious.
 They families are called as Kutumb
 The head of the family is called Patel.
 Head of the village is called- Kotwal.
 5 Panch of Sahariya are- Kotwal, Barai, Bhopa, Hathoria, and an old aged person.
 CULTURE:
 Gaathleela, Ramajanam, Jaanki weddings, legends of Pandavas, Gari, Ramayana, Khayal,
Languria, Phagat Siya, Bajanageet are mainly sung by this tribe.
 Dance- The major dance form of Saharia tribe are Lahngi, Nrityaragini, Dul-Dulghodi and
Tejaji Sehra
 Dieties- Tejaji, Dhakarbaba, Durga ma, Lord Hanuman, Brahma, Vishnu Mahesh. Mostly
follow Hinduism.
 Festivals- Samavi Amavsya, Tej Dashmi.
 Funerary Practices: Dead bodies are cremated according to Hindu Rituals.
 ECONOMY:
 Agriculture, Hunting, Honey Collection.
 They collect herbs to manufacture medicines.
6. KOL TRIBE:
 It is the third largest tribe of Madhya Pradesh, which has 22 sub-tribes.
 This is the Austro asiatic tribe, which was described as
Cole or Colarian by Max Müller.
 This tribe also finds mention in Ramayana and
Mahabharata.
 This is the major tribe of the Mundari or Kol class,
whose original residence is considered tobe the Kurali
in the Badriaraja region of Rewa. People of Kol tribe
consider Chandravansh of Gandharaas their ancestor.
 In Madhya Pradesh, this tribe mainly resides in Rewa.
Satna, Sidhi and Shahdol districts.
 According to the 2011 Census, the total population of
the Kol tribe in the state is 11.67 lakh, which is 7.6% of
total tribal population of the state.
 Gohia is the name of local panchayat of Kol Tribe.
 It is one of the most ancient tribe which even finds
mentions in Rigveda, Puranas, Epics like Ramayana,
Mahabharat etc.
 Kols also Consider: Mata Shabri as their Ancestors.
 They belong to Kolarian race or Munda group
Chhotanagpur.
 In Rigveda they are mentioned by the name Kol Hati.
 SOCIETY:
 Kol Belongs to group of Tribal People of Chhotanagpur in eastern India.
 The Kol Tribe administers themselves as their own panchayat called- Gohiya panchayat.
 The village head is known as Gohia, who resolves their disputes.
 Kols predominantly follows Hindusim.
 Dead body of a married person is cremated by burning on funeral pyre.
 Unmarried person is buried after death.
 Bagheli Language is mostly spoken by kols.
 They love to wear fully covered clothes as compared to other tribe.
 They worship hindu dieties like- “Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh, Sun, Moon, Indra, Thakurdev,
Thakurain dai.
 Sub Tribes- Routiya and Routele,.Thakuriya, ,Dashora, Kagwariya,
 FESTIVALS:
 Sohrai- This festival is celebrated in December. It commemorates the end of the year to
express gratitude for the pervious year and pray for the coming year.
 Jawara: It is an ancient kol agricultural festival. Its name is derived from the term “ Jwari
Plant” which is a type of millet. It is celebrated twice in a year.
 Kol Jayanti Mahakumbh- Recently in 2023, Union Minister Amitshah…… Kol Jayanti
Mahakumbh on the occasion of Shabri Mata Jayanti in Satna District.
 DANCE:
 Thiu Danka and Kol Dhaka
 ECONOMY
 Kols are mostly landless Agricultural labours or industrial labours working in coal mines or
cement Factories.
 MARRIAGE
 Mangani Vivah: It is a type of marriage prevalent in Kol Community.
 On the Death of their wife, it is customary to marry a widow or a divorced women. The
widower man cannot marry an unmarried girl.
7. PARDHI TRIBE:
 Pardhi is a word of Marathi language, which means - hunting.
 Pardhi Tribes used to trace their origin from Rajputana where they used to be appointed as
watchman by Rajput rulers.
 Location- Bhopal, Sehore, Raisen
 It is a foraging tribe who are proficient in hunting wild animals but women are not allowed to
hunt.
 Subtribes of Pardhi Tribe - Bhil Pardhi, Cheetah Pardhi, Faans Pardhi, Gosai Pardhi,
Langoti Pardhi, Shili oil Pardhi
8. KORKU
 Korku means a group of humans. This tribe resides in the
Satpura mountain areas.
 They are found to reside in the villages of Hoshangabad,
Betul, Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Khandwa and Seoni districts
in Madhya Pradesh.
 The Korku tribe represents Proto-Australoid group
 Hunter and Gatherer community.
 Location- Concentrated near forests of Satpura range on both
sides of rivers- Tapti.
 Satpura range is called- House of Korkus
 A Subtribe of- Kol Tribe
 Their Panchyats are called- Maiyari

 Under this tribe Chittora marriage, Widow Remarriage, Hath marriage, raja-bahi marriage,
lamjhana marriage, etc. are prevalent.
 DANCE
 The major dance forms of Korku tribe are Chatkora, Khamb and Swang
 Society
 Classification of Korkus has been done in 3 groups.
Raj Korku Pathariya Korku Mowasa Korku

(Elite class /Ruling Class) (labour class) (Criminals)
 SUBTRIBES OF KORKU
 Bawaria (in Betul), Bandoria (Panchmarhi), Dularia (Harda, Khandwa)
 Other- Ruma, Potadiya and Bowai
 Customs
- Dance: Chatkora
- Festivals: Meghnad Festival
- Folk Drama: Khamb Swang
- Funerary Practice: Sidoli System- It is a funeral System of Korku in which a wooden epitaph in
the memory of deceased is put near his grave
 DIETIES-
 Consider themselves as descendants of – Ravana
 Dieties are – Mahadev, Meghnad etc.
 ECONOMY:
 The main means of livelihood of Korkus is agriculture and hunting, but very few Korkus are
landowners.
 They are very experienced in hunting and hunt in groups.
 Apart from this, animal husbandry, fishing and forest produce collection are also their means
of livelihood.
 RELIGIOUS LIFE:
 Korku considers himself a Hindu.
 These people worship Mahadev and Moon (Chandrama) Dogar Dev, Bhatua Dev and village deities
are their main deities.
 These people also celebrate festivals like Gudipadwa, Dussehra, Diwali and Holi. Bhumia and
Padiyars are respected people of Korku Tribe.
 They make sacrifices of poultry and pigs to dieties.
 Major Type of Marriages Prevelant among Korku Tribe
 Raji-Baji
 Hatth Vivah
9. PANIKA TRIBE-
 They are mainly weavers ¼ ½ Resultantly they are also- Kabirpanthi
 Their economy is based on weaving of clothes.
 Panika tribes reside in Sidhi and Shahdol districts in Madhya Pradesh. This tribe is related to
the Dravidian group.
 The Panika tribe is divided into two broad groups: the Kabir panthis and the Sakta. The
Kabirpanthi follow the teachings of Saint Kabir. They avoid meat and liquor.
 The Sakta, who are addicted to liquor and eat meat freely, are more tribal in nature
10.ORANN TRIBE-(MAINLY CHHATTISGARH)

 Found near- Mandla, Dindori Border
  Oraon is considered to be Dravid ethnic group on the
basis of tribal language. These people also call
themselves as kurukh.
 This tribe resides in the districts of Bhopal,
Narsinghpur, Anuppur, Barwani, Jabalpur, Indore
and Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh.
 The head of the village and priest are known as Mahto
and Baiga respectively.
 Their youth Dormitory is known as Dhoomkoria.
 RELIGION
 The main deity of Oraon tribe is Dharmesh, who is a
form of sun god.
 These people also worship Mahadev.
 DANCE
 The major dance forms of Uraon Tribe are Sarhul, Ghudiya, Danda and Karma
11.BINJHWAR TRIBE
 Developed/Flourished or matured class of- Baiga Tribe is called Binjhwar. So, it is a sub tribe of
Baigas.
 Binjhwar tribes reside in Balaghat and Seoni districts in Madhya Pradesh.
 Binjhwar's mother tongue is Chhattisgarhi. Veer Narayan Singh, the great freedom fighter
from Chhattisgarh, was a member of this community.
12.KANWAR ( )
 This is a small tribe, whose total population (Census-2011) is only 18,603.
 They reside in Shahdol, Anuppur, Sidhi and Singrauli districts in Madhya Pradesh.
 There are eight subclasses in Kanwar, one of them is Tanwar who consider themselves as
Tomar Rajput.
 They use wild animals and surrounding objects like glasses, stores, umbrellas etc. as their
totem
 A totem is a spirit being, sacred object or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of
people such as a family, clan, lineage or tribe
13. BANJARA TRIBE
 In Madhya Pradesh, Banjara is a nomad tribe, who resides in
of Khandwa, Khargaon, Mandla,
Malwa etc districts.
 People of Banjara tribe who live in the village, are known as
Tandah or Balad. Their houses are arranged in a queue.
 The head of the tandah is known as Sardar Nayak.
14. AGARIA TRIBE
 Agariya tribe's ethnic name is derived from fire. This tribe
resides in Singrauli, Anuppur, Shahdol, Sidhi, Umaria and Dindori districts in Madhya
Pradesh.
 It is believed that iron was invented by Agaria tribe and they made iron tools. This tribe also
refers itself as blacksmiths.
 The main occupation of Agiya tribe is to melt iron ore. Their chief deity is Lohasur, whose
abode is considered in flaming distilleries
15.PARDHAN TRIBE
 Pardhan is a Sanskrit word, which means the Minister. They used to be ministers of Gond
kings. Pardhan are also known as Pattaria.
 This tribe resides in eastern Satpura region, Narmada valley and Baghelkhand area in the state.
16.MAWASI TRIBE
 According to the 2011 Census, the total population of Mawasi Tribe in Madhya Pradesh is
1,09,180, which is 0.71% of the total tribal population of the state.
 They reside in Chhindwara, Satna, Hoshangabad, Bhopal, West Nimar and Betul district.
17.MAJHI TRIBE
 According to the 2011 Census, the total population of Majhi tribe in Madhya Pradesh is
50,655 which is only 0.33% of the total tribal population of the state.
 They mainly reside in Gwalior, Rewa, Bhopal, Bhind, Morena, Jabalpur, Datia, Indore and
Sheopur districts in Madhya Pradesh.
18.PAO TRIBE
 According to the 2011 Census, the total population of Pao tribe in Madhya Pradesh is 44,312
which is only 0.29% of the total tribal population in the state.
 They mainly reside in Shahdol, Anuppur and Satna districts.
19.KHAIRWARR
 Catechu making Tribe (Kattha)
 Found- Gwalior, Shivpuri region
20.SHORE TRIBE
 Location: Tikamgarh, Chhattarpur, Sagar
21.Halba Tribe
 Found in Balaghat, Mandala, Sehore
SUBCASTE OF IMP TRIBES

Tribe Sub tribes
Bharia Panda, Bhumia and Bhuiyar
Korku Nahala, Bobai, Bodoya , Bowal, Pathariya , Bawari, Dularya,
Rooma, Motsi
Baiga Bharotiya, Narotia, Kath Maina, Rai Maina, Nahar, Binjhwar
Kol Rautele, Rautiya, Binjwar,Mawasi, Bhadtiya, Madhanha,
Kathotiha, Thakuriya, Vinj, , Dashora, Kagwariya, , Raivriya
Bhil Bhilala, Umri, Tadvi, Rathiyas, Barela, Patalia, Begas
Pardhi Bhil Pardhi, Cheetah Pardhi, Faans Pardhi, Gosai Pardhi,
Langoti Pardhi, Shili oil Pardhi
Gond Agaria, Pardhan, Ojha, Solhas, Koilabhutis
Saharia Jati, Arsi, Mule, Kindal, Kumbi
DANCES OF IMPORTANT TRIBES
S.No. Tribe Dance form
1. Bhil Dagla, Kaharva, Bhagoria, Padva, Toda
2. Gond Veer, Kaharva, Karma, Saila, Bhadoni, Sua, Sajni, Deewani
3. Bharia Saila, Virha(Ahirai), Karma, Bhadam, Setam, Bhetam
4. Baiga Karma, Sua, Saila, Reena, Pardhoni, Dadriya
5. Kol Dahka(Dholak+ Jhanjh), Khambswabg
6. Korku Gadli (Dholak, Bansuri, Chitkola), Chatkora
7. Saharia Swang, Duldul ghodi, Lahanga, Tejaji, Nrityagini
8. Oraon Sarhul, Karma, Danda, Ghudia
HEADS OF THE TRIBE
S.No. Name of the Head Tribe
1. Gameti Bhil
2. Patel Saharia
3. Choudhary Kol
4. Mahto Panika and Oraon
5. Nayak Sardar of Banjara Tribes
6. Patel Bharia+Saharia
7. Bewat Priest in Baiga
8. Pujaro Doctor in Bhil
9. Mandvi Priest in Bhil
10. Mahto Majhi Khairwar
11. Mukkdum Baiga
RESIDENCE OF TRIBE
S.No. Residence Tribe
1. Kolhan Kol
2. Thana Bharia
3. Tanda Banjara
4. Colony : Falya Bhil
5. Ku (House)/Pal (Village) Bhil
6. Sahrana (Colony)/Sahrol Saharia
7. House : Bagla Saharia
8. Parha (Village) Orann

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE OF TRIBE
S.No. Agricultural practice Tribe
1. Chimata and Dajiya Bhil
2. Bari Gond
3. Dahiya, Pondu, Bewar Baiga
4. Dahiya Bharia (Patalkot)
FESTIVAL OF TRIBE
S.No. Name of the Tribe Remark
Festival
1. Bhagoria Bhil Celebrated on the occasion of Holi on the ripening
of Rabi crops.
1. Gulaliya 2. Gol Gadedho 3. Ujadiya.
In this, the marriage of young boy and girls of Bhil
community is also took place.
2. Meghnath Puja Gond Meghnath is worshiped in the morning on the
second day of Holi
It is also known as Jhanda Fair/Utsav.
3. Ghela Bharia
4. Larukaj Gonds Larukaj is a main festival of Gonds which is
celebrated in the honour of ‘Narayandev’.
This festival is considered to be symbol of the
Marriage of the pig.
5. Ratona
6. Rasnava Baiga In the memory of their Adipurush ‘Nanga
Baiga’.
Bees are worshiped in this festival for 9 days.
7. Gherata/Khicharahi
COMMON TYPES OF MARRIAGE
S.No. Marriage Process Tribes
1. Marriage by Capture The marriage is done by the Bhil, Naga and Santhali
¼ अ ण ण½ young man after driving
away the girls, also called
Paysotur marriage
2. Marriage by Mock capture Family themselves sent girls Ho
¼ ½ and boys away so people
think that it is a abduction
and they can save money
(Bride Price).
3. Marriage by Purchase Custom of giving bride Ho, Santhal, Gond
(Krya-vikraya/ Parigranthan) price to the bride family by (Marriage by Purchase),
husband in the form of Khairwar (Parigranthan)
compensation. (As girl is a
bread winner of family)
4. Marriage by Service Bride price is not paid in Binjwar (Balaghat)
(Lamsena/Seva Vivah/Ghar terms of money but in the
Jamai) form of service.
Male : before marriage
gives services to his future
father in law
If father in law is satisfied :

he marries his daughter to
him.
5. Ghost Marriage Marriage of younger brother
of late brother of the fiancé
of deceased brother.
6. Marriage by Elopement/ by Common poor people Ho
mutual consent who cannot afford the
( , ] price of dowry; Gives his
) daughter, sister or any
other relative girl to any
other person in exchange
take a girl from the other
side.
7. Marriage by Exchange Common poor people Birhor
who can not afford the
price of dowry; Gives his
daughter, sister or any
other relative girl to any
other person in exchange
take a girl from the other
side.
8. Binjwar + Birhor
9. Marriage by intrusion Girl enters forcefully into Baiga, Agaria, Ho,
( ]अ the house of her lover, Birhor, Oraon
) bearing all the insults and
cruelities and if she does
not leave the house, boy is
socially compelled to
marry with her.
10. Doodh Lautava Maternal cousin brothers Gond
and sisters get married.
GODS OF TRIBE
Name Tribe Associated Information
Budha dev Baiga Budhadev lives in sal tree
Eat - Basi Food
Badha dev/ Bhagwan Gond Supreme God of Gond
Thakur dev Gond ; Baiga They protected Village and land boundaries and
Baiga sacrifices goat to them. Bidri pooja :
before ploughing the field.
Dulhadev Gond ; Baiga To protect from disease (Animal sacrifice)
Lohasur Agaria
Rajapantha Bhil
Sujrajdev Baiga; Gond Sacrifice of Pig
Khermata Gond
Gond :
Bada Dev
Thakur Dev
Dulha Dev
Suraj Dev
Khermata
Baiga :
Budhadev
Thakur Dev
Dulha Dev
Sujraj Dev
FOOD HABITS OF TRIBES
S.No. Food habits Tribe
1. Tadi Bhil
2. Lachka Korku
3. Page Bharia
4. Basi, Biari, Page, Pork Baiga
Denotified Tribes, Nomadic Tribes and Semi Nomadic Tribes

 Denotified Tribes, Nomadic Tribes and Semi Nomadic Tribes are one of the most deprived
and economically weaker communities in India. There are historical reasons for this.
 The misery of these communities began with the enactment of the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871
during the British rule.
 This Act was the most draconian law passed by the British colonial state, under which millions
of nomadic and semi-nomadic communities were declared criminals and put under continuous
surveillance, making their lives impossible.
 These communities were subjugated, persecuted and neglected. The policies of the colonial
government affected lives and livelihood adversely.
 Little did the colonial state realize the plight of these communities after they were branded as
criminals under various colonial Acts.
 This led to the forcible alienation from their traditional occupations and habitations.
 They remained hunter gatherers and pastoral/peripatetic.
 Historically, these communities never had access to private land or home ownership.
 These tribes used forests and grazing lands for their livelihood and residential use and had
"strong ecological connections.
 Many of them are dependent upon various types of natural resources and carve out intricate
ecological niches for their survival.
 The changes in ecology and environment seriously affect their livelihood options.
 These tribes have barely benefitted from the planned developments since the Indian
independence.
 So far, they have been deprived of state support like the SCs/STs.
 Various efforts are being undertaken by the government for bringing these communities in the
main stream.
 Authority-
 The National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes
 Its mandate was to study the socio-economic conditions of the “most disadvantaged and
vulnerable sections of Indian society” and to identify measures for their development.
 Various Committees set up for Empowerment of DNTs (Central Level)
1. Ayyangar Committee, 1949 (chaired by M Ananthsayanam Ayyangar)
2. Kalelkar Committee, 1953 (Chaired by Mr. Kakasaheb Kalelkar)
3. Idate Commission, 2014 (Chaired by Shri Bhiku Ramji Idate)
Vimukta Jati (Denotified Tribes) Day in Madhya Pradesh- 31 August
 DENOTIFIED, NOMADIC AND SEMI-NOMADIC WELFARE DEPARTMENT- MP
GOVERNMENT
] औ अ ण ( )
 For the development and welfare of Vimukt, Nomadic and Semi-nomadic tribes in the heartland of
India, a separate “Vimukt, Nomadic and Semi-nomadic Tribe Welfare Department” was formed by the
notification of Madhya Pradesh Government dated 22 June 2011.
 By Government order dated 12.09.2011, the Director, Vimukt, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribal
Development Department was declared the Head of the Department.
 51 tribes of Madhya Pradesh have been included in free, nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes.
 The main problem of these tribes is lack of permanent residence due to educational backwardness,
economic poverty and wandering tendency.
 To overcome the above problems of these tribes, a grant of up to Rs 1.50 lakh per beneficiary is given
under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana to provide them residential facilities at one place and
benefited by many other schemes of state government & central government.
 51 tribes in the state have been recognized as denotified, nomadic and semi-nomadic
tribes, out of which 21 are recognized as denofited tribes and 30 as nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes.
S.No. Nomadic & Seminomadic Tribes Denotified tribes
1. /Baldia (1) /Kanjar
2. /Bachowalia (2) /Sansi
3. /Bhatt (3) /Banjara
4. /Bhantu (4) /Banchada
5. /Desar (5) /Moghiya
6. /Durgi Muragi (6) /Kalbaleia
7. /Ghisadi (7) /Bhanmat
8. /Gondhali (8) /Bagri
9. /Irani (9) /Nut
10. , /Jogi, Jogi Kanfata (10) /Pardhi
11. , , , (11) /Bedia
, , ,
, , ,
12. ( , (12) /Habuda

)/Kashikapdi
13. /Kalandar Nagfada (13) /Bhatu
14. /Kamad (14) /Kuchbundia
15. /Karola (15) /Bijoria
16. ( )/Kasai (16) /Kabootari
17. ( )/Lohar Pitta (17) /Sandhia
18. ( ) Naykada (18) /Pasi
19. , ( , , , (19) /Chandrabedia
/Shikligar
20. , ( )/Singriwala, (20) /Bairagi
Kuchband
21. , ( )/Sudhugudu (21) /Sanoria
22. , /Baniyanthar,Rajgond
23. /Gaddis
24. ( )/Rebhari
25. ( , , , )/Golar
26. /Gosai
27. /Bharadi Hardas
28. /Bharadi Harbola
29. /Hejra
30. /Dhangar
 Madhya Pradesh State DENOTIFIED, NOMADIC AND SEMI-NOMADIC

Tribes Agency (अ ण)
 Madhya Pradesh State Vimukt, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribe Agency was formed in the
year 1996 and its regulations were registered in the year 1995.
 There is 01 Chairman, 06 government official and 05 nongovernment official as members in
the agency. The Director of denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes Development is
the ex-officio Member Secretary of the Agency.
 Objectives
 To find out the problems in development of denotified nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes.
 To prepare plans in consultation with the tribes for various areas of development, so that their
economic and social progress can be achieved.
 To execute these plans either directly or through appropriate agencies.
 Educational Scheme for Denotified, Nomadic And Semi-Nomadic Tribes in Madhya
Pradesh
 State Scholarship Class 1 to 5
 State Scholarship Class 6 to 10
 Post Matric Scholarship
 Girls Literacy Promotion Scheme Class 11th
 Civil Service Incentive Scheme
 Tuition Fee Reimbursement Scheme of Sainik School/Public Schools
 Chief Minister Housing Rent Scheme
 Vimukt Jati Hostel Scheme
 Economic Development Schemes
 Chief Minister Self Employment Scheme
 Chief Minister Economic Welfare Scheme
 Vimukt Jaati Basti Vikas Yojana
 Electrification scheme in Vimukt caste settlements
SPECIAL ARTS
 Comb art
 In the rural society of entire India in general and in the tribal society in particular, various
types of combs have been in use since ancient times.
 Kangsi, the craft of making wooden combs is a tradition that is a few hundred-years-old. It is
practiced only by a minority of Banjaras in India today. The array of wooden combs
decorated with intriguing carving, jali work, inlay and gold & silver ornamentation is indeed
a treat to the curious eyes
 The credit for making the comb goes to the Banjara tribe. In Malwa, comb art is done
inUjjain, Ratlam and Neemuch.
 The wood that is utilized to craft these combs is obtained from trees such as Sheesham, Babool,
Kadam, which are also reputed for their health benefits.
 Bow and arrow Art
The craft of making ‘Teer-Kamthi’ or Bow & Arrow has been practiced by the Bhils and
Bhilalas for many years. These are crafted out of bamboo, cane and sharp metal. When it was
used for hunting, the tip of the arrow was dipped in poison and shot out.
 Here is a tradition of keeping a bow and arrow among the forest tribes.
 Bows and arrows are made from bamboo, peacock feathers, wood, iron, rope etc.
 Bhil, Pahari Korwa, Kamar, etc. are skilled in using bow and arrow.
 Bow and arrow have become the identity of Bhil tribals. some bhils carries a bow and arrow
with him.
 Every tribal prepares bow and arrow with his own hands.
 Toy versions are also made for recreational purpose and for teaching the kids.
 It is also effectively used in cattle herding. When the arrows are shot right in front of the
cattle’s path, they turn away from that and take the other direction.
 The arrowheads are made by the Lohars or blacksmiths in the tribal community and the
tribals put together the bow and arrow contraption on their own. These are also sold in the
weekly markets in the villages.
 The name ‘Bhil’ was derived from the word ‘Bhillee’, which means bow. For years, the
bow has been a characteristic weapon of the tribe and the men usually carry their bows and
arrows with them
 Ekalavya,was a Bhil who wanted to be Drona’s student, but Drona refused to teach
him.
 In the tribal populations of India, ‘Teer-Kamaan’ is still used for small hunting and
celebrations.
 Bamboo Craft-
 People make use of bamboo for daily purposes to meet
their basic requirements like storage, worship, building
material and other items for daily use
 In the districts of Bastar, Jhabua, Mandla etc., tribes make
artistic things made of bamboo with their own hands for use in
their daily life.
 There are many traditional artists of bamboo craft in Jhabua
and Mandla.
 One of the main significant elements of this craft form is using
natural resources to make this product right from the
procurement of raw materials to the finishing stage of the
product. No chemicals and modern machinery are used for
making this craft.
 Leaf craft (patta shilp)
 Patta shilp artists are basically broom makers.
 Since ancient times, man's mind has been attracted towards
the leaves found in trees and plants in different shapes.
 Man has found dimensions of art in these leaves. Artistic toys, mats, seats, are made from
Chhind tree leaves.
 Even today, traditional artists of many tribes are engaged in weaving various artistic motifs in
the leaves
 Doll craft-(Adivasi gudiya Shilp)
 The Jhabua dolls are representations of the various tribes in their vibrant traditional attires.
Crafted out of scrap cloth, these dolls also sometimes hold the tools used in the occupation of
the tribes they represent. They come in various shapes, sizes and in groups or pairs. What sets
this craft apart from the rest is the fact that it is the result of a general inquisitiveness to know
the vivid cultures and attires behind the various beautiful crafts that led the skilled artisans of
Jhabua take up this opportunity to show the world.
 The dolls of Gwalior region are famous for their shapes, decorations, costumes and facial
features.
 Jhabua has become the center of Bhili dolls. Seeing the physical structure of the Bhils, their
costumes, jewellery, ornaments, bows and arrows etc., local artists did the work of making
their figures using cloth, wood, wire etc. Since then, the Bhili dolls of Jhabua have gained
fame in the state and outside the state.
 Dolls of Jhabua have received appreciation awards at the state level. The dolls
of Gwalior have become famous in the country and abroad.
 Jhabua dolls are gifted to the bride in several parts of the country. The uses are decorative
and they serve as a reliable source of income to the craftsmen all year round. The dolls
closely resemble the features of tribal living all across the subcontinent, in a way the
tribes identify themselves through this craft. It also acts as an informative object for the
people living in urban areas, who have never experienced a tribal culture. For students in
school or universities, these dolls are an apt tool to educate the youth about intangible
heritage across Indian subcontinent
 The material used for Jhabua doll making is a recycled cloth; hence the craft process involves
a sustainable process.
 The craft was called Adivasi Gudiya Shilp and gained recognition across the world.
 It is one of the few crafts which are the sole source of income to these settling tribes
 Chhipa craft
 Various impressions are carved on the cloth in hand-made Chhipa craft.
 Even today these clothes are used by most of the Bhil tribals.
 In recent years, Chhipa craft has taken the form of a commercial industry.
 Bagh, Kukshi, Manawar, Gogawan, Khirala, Ujjain, Chhipa are the traditional centers of
crafts.
 The Chhippa craft of Ujjain is famous in the country and abroad by the name of Bhairogarh.
 Many artists in Chhipa craft have received state level and national level honors.
 Tribal and folk painting
 As soon as the concept of house was formed, due to the strong desire to decorate the walls of
the house, we see various forms of paintings and decorations on the walls even today in the
rural architecture of all tribes.
 Gond of Mandla, Baiga, Pardhan, Gond of Betul, Korku, Gond of Chhindwara, Bharia, Bhil-
Bhilala of Jhabua, Rewa, Gond of Shahdol, Kol etc. are involved in traditional painting, relief
art and various types of artistic nets made from clay.
 The tradition of making huts, statues of animals and birds and idols of local gods and
goddesses is visible.
 There is a tradition among Bhils of decorating the doors and honoring them on festivals.
Malwa has a unique tradition of painting, in which original drawings of mythological
characters are made along with references to marriage.
 Even in Nimar, Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand, traditional paintings are made by women on
various festivals.
 Pithora Painting
 Pithora paintings are made on walls by the Bhil and
Bhilala of Dhar, Jhabua of Madhya Pradesh, the
Rathwas of Panchmahal and Baroda, districts of
Gujarat to honour their god, Baba Pithora (God of
village) during the spring season..
 There is a noticeable difference between the style of
painting and colour scheme between Bhils and Rathwas
but the subject-matter and rituals are almost similar. From
the perspective of colour scheme, the Pithora paintings
created by Bhils of Madhya Pradesh are more primitive,
sober and limited colours are used whereas the ones made
by Rathwas of Gujarat are more descriptive, decorative
and bright. Pithora paintings are actually an integral
part of the rituals performed to thank Baba Pithora
for their wish fulfilment. It is considered auspicious to paint the house walls
with the images of a deity during occasions of birth of a child, good harvest, marriage etc.as
they bring peace, prosperity and happiness.
 Anybody who owns a Pithora painting is highly respected. The person who is expert in
Pithora painting is called Lakhindra. Today, Pithora paintings remain a valuable part of the
artistic heritage of Madhya Pradesh and are recognized for their unique and striking beauty.
 Gond paintings-
 Gond art is a style of Indian folk painting that
originated in the Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh. It is
known for its vibrant colours, bold patterns, and
imaginative imagery that often includes elements of
nature and tribal life.
 Gond artists typically use natural materials such as
charcoal, mud, and vegetable dyes to create their
paintings, which are typically made on the walls of
houses, on cloth, or on handmade paper.
 The art form has become popular globally for its
unique style and has gained recognition as an
important aspect of India's cultural heritage.
 The Gond paintings depict Lord Krishna village deities
like Marahi Devi, Phulvari Devi, Sanphadki snake,
Phulchukki chiriya (bird), Sarpoti tree, etc.
 They reflect the artists’ creativity and unique view of
things around them. Bold pictures of horses, tigers,
birds, stags, spirits and humans are painted in many
bright colours.
 The variety and diversity of Gond paintings is unlimited. Some of them also depict the
symbiotic relationship between man and the animals, the web cycle, interdependence of
plants and animals etc. The central theme of most of the paintings is flora and fauna.
 The Gond paintings reflect the realm of tribal life, their fears and aspirations rather than an
icon demanding worship.
 The main motive of these paintings was to safeguard the people from wild animals, avert
disease and evil and propitiate the dead. They were drawn to celebrate festivals and also to
please the spirits for aphrodisiacal purposes.
 Artists of Gond Painting
 Shri Shambhu Dayal Shyam, Madhya Pradesh
 Shri Bhajju Shyam, Patangarh village, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
 Smt. Chandrakali Vyam, Patangarh village, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
 Ms. Japani Shyam, Patangarh village, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
 Smt. Nankusia Shyam, Patangarh village, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
 Shri Narmada Prasad Tekam, Patangarh village, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh
 Shri Sukhnandi Vyam, Sonpuri village, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
 Sanjhi painting-
 The unmarried young girls in the villages of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Bihar and Uttar Pradesh prepare the image of the goddess, Sanjhi or Jhanjhi deity,
worshipped during Navratri, the nine day festival following the moonless-Amavas day of
Asauj in September/ October.
 As these paintings are made in the evening, they are coined with the name
‘Sanjhi’ or ‘Sangya’ or ‘Chandra Tarayya’. It’s a group activity, the tradition of singing
songs while making the image dates back to many centuries.
 The Sanjhi deity represents the nine main goddesses of Hindu tradition. They are Lakshmi,
Kali, Parvati, Ambika, Vaishnavi, Gauri, Saraswati, Ramba and Jagdamba.
 Madana Painting
 It is a form of folk painting created by one of the oldest tribal communities of Madhya
Pradesh called 'Meena'.
 The art is created on walls and floors of houses and usually done by women. This artistic
form of illustration is considered a representation of good luck and a method to ward off evil
spirits.
 The painting marks the beginning of auspicious occasions such as marriages, festivals and
childbirth.
 There is a particular technique to create Mandana artwork: - the wall is first coated with clay
made of cow-dung and water. Later, it is beautified using white paint (khadiya - chalk
solution) and red paint (geru - red clay).
 But with change in demand, more shades are being used to make this art colourful. There is a
unique brush used in the process which is made of a date stick, a clump of hair and cotton.
The focal theme of Mandana revolves around religious and wildlife elements which include
gods, goddesses, flowers, plants, animals and birds.
 The term Mandana is derived from the word 'mandan' which means decoration and in the
regional language, 'Mandana' denotes 'drawing'
 Mandana paintings are a traditional tribal art form of Madhya Pradesh also practised by the
Sahariya tribe.
 Godna Tattoo-
 An Age old Art practised by the Tribals in Madhya Pradesh Godna, a popular form of art
practised among the Baiga tribe in Madhya Pradesh is an integral part of their lifestyle. Baiga
women especially have extensive tattoos on their body as there are a lot of myths and
folklore associated with the origin of these tattoos.
 Tribal men too have Godna, with a belief that it is the only ornament that they can carry with
them after death also.
 The art form is used by other tribal communities too like Gond, Baiga, Bharia, Sahariya etc.
Godna has many motifs, each having a specific significance - some are curative in nature,
while others are applied according to rites of passage in a woman's life - such as puberty,
marriage and childbirth
 Dhokra Art
 Locally known as ‘Bharai kaam’, Dhokra is the art of sculpting brass using the ancient
technique of lost – wax casting. Practiced in West Bengal, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, this
metal craft finds different forms of expressions in its pure folk motifs and figures within the
different tribes.
 The bell metal casting technique is used to make a variety of objects ranging from household
items to accessories. It is used to craft figures of elephants, horses, cattle and peacocks,
utensils and jewelry.
 The popular objects made using Dhokra are: Phorla (wrist ornament), Bisto (wrist ornament
worn by females of Gond tribe), Kakana (bangles), Mudda (for males – worn in
marriage), Hasli (necklace), Mudda (toe ring), Kapdonda (used to light cigarettes)
and Morchimni (a peacock shaped lamp).
 In Dhokra or lost-wax casting, wax strings are coiled to create beautiful patterns.
The natural beeswax retains its malleability even after cooling down, making it an excellent
choice to create coiled shapes and miniature patterns. Spiral, cross – hatched or smoothed
into a flat surface, the texture of these wax threads will determine the final
appearance of the metal product.
 The cattle – bell is believed to be one of the oldest objects made using this technique. It is
worshiped as god by some of the Gonds as the sweet sound of the bell is symbolic of cattle rearing
which signifies prosperity. The ‘Dhokra Shilpis’ (dhokra craftsmen) often work with brass (copper
+ zinc) or bronze (copper + tin)
 Tribes namely ‘Bharewa’ from ‘Betul’ have all been instrumental in preserving the craft and
keeping its beauty intact. The basic method of casting done in ‘Sarguja’, ‘Tikamgarh’,
‘Bastar’ and ‘Betul’ is almost similar with slight differences occurring due to the difference
in available raw materials as well as the difference in environment.
 When the central state of Madhya Pradesh divided into the current states of
Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, the vast majority of land inhabited by the Dhokra
craftsmen went over to Chhatisgarh.
 It was then that ‘Madhya Pradesh Hastshilp Vikas Nigam’ started a Dhokra facility in Betul,
to continue the craft in the state.
 Today, many craftsmen learn and practice this tribal art form at the facility, to create
traditional objects as well as commercial artifacts for the larger market
 Dhokra is an ancient art of artisans in Madhya Pradesh, Which is mainly prevalent in Betul.
 Wood Craft(Kaasht Shilp)
 The tradition of wood craft is very ancient and rich.
 Man had started trying to bring various modifications in wood since the primitive era.
 Wooden wheels, statues of gods and goddesses, doors of houses, masks etc. are the best
examples of wooden art.
 Mandla, Betul, Hoshangabad, Dhar, Jhabua areas of Madhya Pradesh are famous for tribal
wood crafts.
 Tikamgarh - The Quintessential Bell Metal Craft
 The bell metal casting in Madhya Pradesh's Tikamgarh has
been practiced for over three centuries. The craftsmanship
initially catered to kings and soldiers for war weapons.
 Today, all kind of decorative items are crafted here for every
need and desire
 The process of metal casting used in Tikamgarh is very
similar to the Dhokra art in Betul, as both the crafts take
shape with lost wax casting, a common material used to cast
object is metal.
 But while the Betul's Dhokra is created with thin strings of
wax, in bell metal craft of Tikamgarh, the metal pieces are
sculpted in the usual way and moulds are created to produce
the objects.
Major Dances
 Bilma Dance
 Tribe/region – Gond and Baiga(mandla ,balaghat)
 Occasion – Dussehra
 Dance style - Boys and girls from one village go to another village in separate groups to
dance. Unmarried girls take part in special attire and while dancing, they choose the young
man of their choice.
 Musical instrument – Mandal
 Saila Dance
 Tribe – Gond, Pardhan
 Dance style - named Saila because of dancing with sticks in hand, this is a dance of
greatjoy and happiness.
 Musical instrument - Mandal
 Special - Both men and women participate equally.
 Karma Dance
 It is basically a folk dance of Gond tribe and is also
performed by Baiga, Korku tribes.
 This dance is famous in Mandla, Sidhi, Shahdol, Rewa
areas.
 This dance is also in the Guinness Book of Records.
 Karma dance is a symbol of Karma, which is done to
please the Lord Karma.
 Karma Jhumar, Karma Ragni, Karma Dhandi are the
types of this dance.
 Pardhoni Dance
 Tribe – Baiga
 Occasion – At the time of receiving the wedding dance
procession..
 Musical instruments – Nagara and Timki
 Bhagoria Dance
 Tribe/Region – Bhil Tribe (Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar, Barwani etc.)
 Occasion – Holi
 Dance style - Girls dressed in colorful costumes and young men carrying bows and arrows
in their hands, dancing with the rhythm of the song shows the bravery and beauty of the
Bhils.
 Musical instruments – Dhol, Mandal, Thali Timki
 Special - In this dance of enthusiasm and joy, young men and women choose life partners
through abduction marriage.
 Bhadam/Saitam Dance
 Tribe/Region – Traditional Dance of Bhariya
(Patalkot Chhindwara)
 Occasion- Marriage
 Dance style – Group Dancing is most favourite
Dance form of Bharias. Saitam is performed by
women. Couplets are spoken in between. The dance
is performed while roaming.
 Musical instruments – Timki, Dholak, Mridang,
Flute
 Special- Other names Gannu Sahi, Bharni Bharnai,
Bharnet Angam etc.
 Sarhul Dance
 Tribe – Oraon Tribe
 Occasion – At the time of worship of Sal tree
 Dance style – Oraon boys, girls and adults participate. In the dance, men wear yellow
turbans and women put heron feather talons in their buns. .
 Musical instruments - Mandal, Manzira
 Special - Sarhul is a ritualistic dance of the Oraon tribe.
 Atari Dance
 Tribe – Korku
 Dance style - Shringar songs are sung along with the dance and while dancing they hit each
other with small sticks. The pace of playing of Dholak, Timki, flute, Mridang controls the
pace of the dance.
 Musical instruments – Dholak, Timki, Flute, Mridang
 Dadaria Dance
 Dadaria dance has great importance in the Baiga tribe.
 Baigas enjoy the Dadariya dance on ocassion of Dussehra.
 This dance starts from the festival of Vijayadashami.
 This is an occasion when Baiga girls can choose the young man of their choice.
 Sua Dance
 Female-dominated dance of the Baiga tribe of the mandla region.(also in chattisgarh)
 In this, along with the worship of Shiva-Parvati, the ritual of worshiping Ganga is also
displayed.
 Dadar Dance
 This is a famous dance of Baghelkhand region and performed by men on happy occasions.
 Male dominated dance but at some places men also dance in the guise of women.
 This dance is mainly performed by tribe like Kol, , Kahar etc.
 Main musical instruments like Nagadiya, Shehnai, Dholak and Dhapli are used.
 this dance is performed at the time of marriage ceremony along with music
 Lehangi Dance
 This dance is performed by the Sahariya tribe during the month of Shravan.(banjara tribe
also)
 This is a group dance of men. during Bhujarias after Raksha Bandhan.
 Dholak is the main instrument of this dance.
 Thapti Dance
 Main folk dance of the korku tribe.
 The dance costumes are very simple and elegant.
 Dholak plays a major role in this folk dance
 Other
 Gudum baja dance- by Gond tribe (anuppur)
 Ahirai dance- by Bhariya tribe
 Dehka dance- by Kol tribe(kolhai naach)
 Dasehra dance-by baiga tribe
 Gocho dance- by Gond tribe
 Reena dance –By baiga and gond tribe
 Chatkora- korku tribe
TRIBAL FESTIVAL
 Bhogaria Festival
 This is a favorite festival of the Bhils of Jhabua
and Alirajpur. It is celebrated in tribal areas of
Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.
 Under this festival Gulariya , Gol Ghedo Utsav ,
Ujadiya Utsav are also celebrated
 This is a festival of fun and joy celebrated by the
Bhil tribe. It is also called as the festival of love.
 It is held a week before Holi and men and women
celebrate it together, with dancing to the beats of
Dhol, Thalis, Shehnai and Bansuri.
 This festival is also known as Bhagoria Haat
Festival.
 In this festival, young boys and girls are allowed
to choose their partners.
 Megnath Festival
 Gond tribals celebrate this festival in the first half of Phalgun (February –March). There is
no fixed date for this.
 Meghnad is the supreme deity of the Gonds.
 Main attraction of this festival is atmosphere of village fair with songs and Rhythmic beats
of Drums and Cymbals.
 Larukaj Festival
 Larukaj festival is celebrated by the Gond tribe.
 In this festival, the God of Gonds, Narayan Dev is worshipped.
 This festival is considered a symbol of the marriage of a pig.
 It is believed that this festival brings happiness, prosperity and prosperity in the family.
 Karma/Karam
 Karma festival is celebrated by the Oraon tribe.
 Devotees fast for a whole day and they spend the night singing and dancing around the
branch from the Karam tree in open.
 Madai
 The Madai festival is one of the unique attractions of different villages extending from
Mandla to Bastar and is one of the famous festivals in Madhya Pradesh.
 This festival is held in honor of the Mother Goddess and devotees
 Majorly celebrated by Gond tribe.
 Suwate
 It is a major festival of Bundelkhand region. It is quiet similar to Ghadalya of Malwa.
 In this shiv & parvati are worshiped and song related to them are sung.
 In this festival, Sun and Moon are made on the walls.
 Ghadalya
 Girls celebrate Ghadalya festival by dancing collectively for 9 days of Navratri, Malwa
Region.
 Girls visit every house of the village carrying earthen pots known as Ghadalya over their
Heads.
 The girls recites the songs with these pots and collect offerings like sweets and gifts.
 Ratannava/Rasnawa
 This is the main festival of Baiga tribals of Mandla district.
 The Baigas celebrate this festival to remember their legendary ancestor Naga Baiga.
 Among the Baigas, it is a ban to eat honey before this festival as they believe it to be bad
luck and misfortune.
 Goverdhan Pooja
 Govardhan Puja takes place on the second day of Diwali in the month of Kartik.
 This puja is related to Govardhan Parvat and Gaudhan. Women make figures of mountains
and oxen from cow dung.
 In Malwa, Bhil tribals sing 'Avdaan' song.
 It is celebrated for the cattle and their prosperity, Lord Krishna is also worshiped on this
day.
 Ganga Dashmi
 This festival celebrated by tribals and non-tribals in the month of Jyestha (May-June).
 One reason for its name being Ganga-Dashami is that Hindus believe that Ganga
descended on earth on this day.
 Halma Utsav
 Halma is a tradition of the Bhil tribe.
 Halma Utsav held at Hathi paw hill in Jhabua district- 26 Feburary 2023
 The Halma tradition of the forest dwellers is unique
 Significantly, there is a tradition of help in the Halma Bhil society. When a person or
family is not able to overcome the crisis even after their best efforts, then all the rural
brothers and sisters gather to help him and bring him out of trouble with their selfless
efforts.
 Aadi Mahotsav 16-27 February 2023
 Aadi Mahotsav, the mega National Tribal Festival held at Major Dhyan Chand National
Stadium in Delhi on 16 February 2023.
 In this programme Tribal Artist showcased their art like agariya lohshilp, Jhabua Gudiya
and gond paintings
 Kol Janjati Mahakumbh’ at Madhya Pradesh organized on the occasion of Shabri Mata
Janm Jayanti at Satna, Madhya Pradesh 14 Feburary 2023
 Lokrang Festival 2024
 The most awaited cultural festival of Madhya Pradesh, 'Lokrang', was inaugurated on 26th
January 2024. It is a five-day cultural extravaganza that highlights the rich tribal and folk
tradition of India through various cultural performances such as performing arts classical
dance tribal folk dance and exhibitions of art and crafts.
 The city of lakes Bhopal is all set to host the long awaited culture festival 'Lokrang' on
its land.
 Its an extravagant event organised each year by the Directorate of Culture and Madhya
Pradesh Tribal Museum
Some Important Facts
 Bhilat Devlok Corridor to be established in Nagalwadi, Barwani.
 Baiga Cultural Hub is to be established in Kanha National Park.
 Rani Durgawati Vishwavidhyala, Jabalpur achieved in first position in institute
innovation council report.
 Exhibition of culture seven tribes in a village of Khajuraho.
 Shabri Mata Statue established at Satna
 Brand Ambassador of Millets- Lahri Bai
 Brand Ambassador of Culture Department of Madhya Pradesh- Bhuri Bai

 Gond Painting of Madhya Pradesh- Registered under GI Tag (GI-701)
 Batik print of Ujjain Registered under GI Tag (GI-700)
 Iron Craft of Dindori Registered under GI Tag (GI-697)
DIALECT OF MAJOR TRIBES

 The contact language of Madhya Pradesh is Hindi. Administrative work is also done
in Hindi language, but in Madhya Pradesh, along with Bundeli, Bagheli,
Chhattisgarhi, Malvi, Nimadi and Bhili dialects, dialects like Korku, Oraon and
Gondi are spoken. Most of the dialects of the Scheduled Tribe groups also exist here,
which are mainly dialects of the Dravidian language family.
 Tribal Languages : Mostly tribes are found in the districts of Mandla, Dindori, Seoni,
Chhindwara, Alirajpur, Jhabua, Hoshangabad, in the south-eastern and western part of the
State.
Language District
Bundelkhandi Datia, Guna, Shivpuri, Morena, Sagar, Chhatarpur, Damoh, Panna,
Vidisha, Raisen, Hoshangabad, Narsinghpur, Seoni, Chhindwara,
Balaghat etc.
Nimari Khandwa, Khargone, Dhar, Dewas, Badwani, Jhabua, Indore
Baghelkhandi Rewa, Satna, Shahdol and Umaria
Malwi Sehore, Neemuch, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Shajapura, Jhabua, Ujjain,
Dewas, Indore etc.
Brajbhasha Bhind, Morena, Gwalior etc.
Korku Betul, Hoshangabad, Chhidwara, Khargone etc.
Bhili Ratlam, Dhar, Jhabua, Khargone and Alirajpur
Gondi Chhindwara, Seoni, Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Hoshangabad
 Bhili
 The Bhil languages are a group of Indo-Aryan languages, this language is primarily spoken
in tribal regions of Jhabua and Alirajpur districts.
 There have been differences of opinion among scholars regarding the origin of Bhili, but the
majority believe that it is not a language of the Munda family but a dialect of th e Indian Aryan
family
 Bhils are more widespread in the mountainous forest tracts of Madhya Pradesh. Here these people
are mainly settled in Jhabua, West, Nimar, Dhar and Ratlam districts. The language of Bhils is
Bhili. Western Hindi and Rajasthani languages are used in the north-west of Bhili, Rajasthani in
the east, Marathi, Khandeshi and Nimadi in the south and Gujarati in the south -west and west.
Although there are words of Kol and Dravidi in Bhili, yet scholars have considered it under Aryan
language, yet Bhili dialect was seen as a natural development of Rajasthani and Gujarati.
 Bhili dialects in Madhya Pradesh also have their own distinct identity. Dhar region and Ratlam
influenced by Malvi, Bhilali, Nimadi, Bhili, Alirajpuri influenced by Nimadi, an d Nagar Bhili
influenced by Khadi Boli ( ) are such subdialects.
 There is ample folk literature in Bhili. Apart from folk tales, folk songs, proverbs, idioms etc.,
 Scholars have done a lot of study and analysis of Bhili dialect.
 Christian missionaries published some books in Bhili dialect for religious promotion ( ) Priest
Thomson and George Grierson also composed treatises on Bhili grammar. Other dialects of
Madhya Pradesh –
 Apart from Bundeli, Bagheli, Malvi, Nimari and Bhili, there are man y other dialects of Arya and
Dravidian family in Madhya Pradesh, which have their own separate existence and importance.
 Gondi
 Gondi is spoken by Gond tribe, which is mainly spoken in Shahdol, Umaria, Anuppur,
balaghat, Chhindwara, Mandla, Seoni and Dindori districts
 Gondi dialect of Dravidian family has also been spoken in Madhya Pradesh.
 Gondi speakers live in the Vindhya region. Gondi language is similar to Tamil, but
neither has its own script nor does it have literature.
 Korku-
 Korku is a Munda branch of Austroasiatic language spoken by the Korku tribe of Central
 India, in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. In Madhya Pradesh, it isprimarily
spoken in Hoshangabad and Chhindwara districts by Korku tribe.
 Baigani ( )
 Verrier Elvin (1939) has made a detailed study of every aspect of the Baiga tribe.
 According to them, the dialect of the Baigas was of the Austro -Asiatic language
family, but after the attack of the Aryans, the Baigas have completely assimilated their
dialect.
 The Baigas migrated from the hilly areas to the plains and adopted Chhattisgarhi.
 Presently the Baigas speak the dialect of their neighbours.
 Baiga of Mandla, Jabalpur speaks Eastern Hindi in which some Awadhi and some
Gondi is used.
 And in Balaghat, a mixed language of Marathi, Hindi and Gondi is spoken which is
called Baigani.
 Bharati ( )
 Mainly spoken by Bhariya Tribe of Patalkot.
Work done for dialects by Tribal Research and Development Institute

 Taking initiative in the direction of preservation of dialects Madhya Pradesh Primitive Caste,
Tribal Research and Development Institute (TRI) has prepared dictionaries of Bhili, Gondi
and Korku dialects.
 It is noteworthy that the state government has started many works towards preserving the
glorious culture of the state.
 Among these, the main ones are preparing the dictionary of tribal dialects as well as their
grammar, documenting the traditional songs sung in the tribal community and recording their
customs.
 In preparing these dictionaries, J.C. Sharma, former Deputy Director of the Indian Institute
of Languages, Mysore, as an expert on Bhili and Korku dialects, and Dr. Shashi Pandey, a
linguist from Jagdalpur, provided technical support as an expert on the Gondi dialect.
 Taking forward the chain of conservation of tribal vocabulary, the Tribal Research and
Development Institute has also started the work of preparing dictionaries of other tribal
dialects like Bhilali and Mawasi
SOME IMPORTANT BOOKS
PUBLICATION – MADHYA PRADESH ADIVASI LOKKALA EVAM BOLI VIKAS ACADEMY
Books and their authors
 Gond Geet – Prof Sharif Mohammad
 Gabri Bai - Dr. Pooran Sehgal
 Bhariya Devlok – Dharmendra Pare, Ashok Mishra, Manoj Jain
 Gondwani – Rajesh Prasad & Ashok Mishra
 Rakku (Tribal Games)- Shriram Tiwari & Ashok Mishra
 Moghiya (Culture of denotified Tribes) – Dr. Parshuram Shukl
 Samagra (Culture of Gond Tribe) – Niranjan Mahavar & Ashok Mishra

 Akhyan – (History of Gonds)- Dr. Vijay Chaurasia
 Bhil Devlok – Bhanushankar Gahelot, Dr. Shankar Pare
 Gond Devlok- Dr. Dharmendra Pare
 Phagg Geet of Tribes of Madhya Pradesh- Kapil Tiwari & Ashok Mishra
 Pithora (Bhil Tribe Painting & Stories)- Basant Nirgune, Bhanushankar Gahlot
 Rama Bhil- Dr. Pooran Sehgal
 Sampada – Dr. Kapil Tiwari & Ashok Mishra
 Bhili Lok atmaye- Dr. Pooran Sehgal
Other Books-
 Karma Geet
 Adivasi Dharohar
 Bhili Geet evam Lokkatha
 Korku Sanskar Geet
 Baiga Geet
 Literature (During Godwana Rule)

 Rasratna Mala- Sangram Shah
 Hriday Kotuk & Hriday Prakash –Hrideshah
 Gajendra Moksh – Laxmiprasad Dixit
 Rasmanjari – Bhanuduttt Mishra
 Durgawati Prakash – Padamnabh Bhattcharya
 Premdipika – Veer Bajpai
 Sangramsathiya Vivek Dipika – Damodar Thakur
 Tatvachintamani – Mahesh Thakur
Madhya Pradesh Tribals Contribution to the freedom Movement

of India and Tribal Personalities of Madhya Pradesh
Prominent Leaders of MP in the Great Uprising of 1857

1. Tantya Bheel/Tantya Mama (1842-4 December, 1889)
Jannayak Tantya Bhil: Tantya Bhil, who is called the
‘Jannayak Robinhood’ and the ‘Pride of Nimar’ was born
in 1842 in village of Khandwa. In the revolt of 1857,
rebellion against the British started.
 Through Guerrilla warfare, he campaigned against the
British for 15 consecutive years in the second half of the
19th century. In 1888-89, he was arrested and tried for
Treason (insurgent), under which he was hanged on 4
December, 1889.
 He was skillful in Guerilla warfare.
 He was also a great shooter and proficient in traditional
archery.
 Dava or Falia was his main weapon. He had also learnt to
handle gun.
 He used to plunder the government treasuries of the
British government and wealth of their sycophants
used to distribute it among the poor and needy.
 He was popularly called Mama by people of all age
groups.
 The news of the arrest of Tantya Bhil was
prominently published in the 10 November 1889 issue
of the New York Times.
 In this news he was described as the Robin Hood of
India. He was hanged on charges of Sedition by the
British Government on 4 December 1889.
 It is generally believed that after hanging his body he
was thrown near Patalpani railway station on
Khandwa rail route near Indore.
 The spot where his wooden effigies were placed is
considered to be the Samadhi of Tantya Mama.
 His mausoleum is located at Patalpani of Indore.
 He was cinematographed in a 1988 Indian Hindi-language movie Do Waqt Ki Roti.
 He is known as the Pride of Nimar and was recognised as Indian Robinhood by the Britishers
2. Bhima Nayak:
 He was born in the year 1840 in Panch Mohali
village of princely state of western Nimar. He led
the tribals in Sendhwa (Barwani).
 His working region was from the Princely state of
Barwani to Khandesh Region (Present day
Maharashtra). 2 April, 1868, he was arrested while
sleeping in the dense forest of Satpura and kept n
Port Blair and Nicobar, Bhima Nayak died on 29
December 1976 in Port Blair.
 The army organized by him constituted of around 10,000 freedom fighters.

 He is known as the Robin Hood of Nimar as he looted the British treasury and distributed the
same amongst the poor people.
 He was arrested by the British and sent to Port Blair and Nicobar, where he was hanged in
December, 1876. In the honour of sacrifices made by him, Martyrdom day is celebrated every
year in the state
3. Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah
 The Garha state was captured by the Marathas of Sagar in 1784 and both the
successors of this state, Narharishah and his brother Sumershah were imprisoned.
 After the end of the Gadha State, the Marathas gave a jagir near Jabalpur to
Shankarshah, son of Sumershah. Shankarshah was married to Princess Phulkunwar,
daughter of Lotansingh, a jagirdar of Gaudwana state and their son was
Raghunathshah.
 When the fire of the rebellion of 1857 AD reached Jabalpur, Raja Shankarshah's
emotions were agitated. At the time of the rebellion, King Shankarshah had completed
70 years of age and his son Raghunathshah was about 40 years old.
 In early September 1857, some soldiers and Thakurs of Jabalpur under the leadership
of Raja Shankarshah planned to revolt.
 Many soldiers of the 52nd Regiment of Jabalpur used to visit his house and discuss
about the rebel incidents.
 When 8-10 soldiers of the 52nd platoon conspired to kill the Britishers, Britishers got
information about the rebellion.
 The British came to know from Khushiyal Chand Seth that Raja Shankarshah and his
son Raghunathshah, along with some soldiers of the 52nd Regiment, were planning to
attack the cantonment on the last day of Muharram and they are going to loot the
treasury and the city.
 This information,received to the Deputy Commissioner
 Just the next day i.e. on 14 September 1857, Deputy Commissioner Clark and.
Lieutenant Baldwin went to Purva with a group of horsemen and policemen and after
reaching there, captured the king, his son Raghunathshah and about 14 people in the
house.
 The king and his son were tried for conspiracy against the British Raj.
 As soon as the charges against him were proved in the court (Jabalpur), he was given
the punishment of being blown up by a cannon.
 The work done in the revolt of 1857 by Shankar Shah was mentioned by W.C. Arkine in
Narrative of Events attending the outbreak of Disturbances and the Restoration of Authority
in the sagar and Narmada territories in 1857-58
4. Khajya Nayak:
 He was born in a Bhil family in Sangli village of Nimar.
 He led the Revolt of 1857 in the Nimar region by forming an army of Bhils with Bhima
Khajya.
 On April, 11, 1858 , there was a battle between the British and Bhil army in Ambapani
village situated between Barwani and Silawad. In which Khajya Nayak and his son Daulat
singh was martyred.
5. Birju Nayak:
 Born in Matli Sawarda near Rajpur Palsud in Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh,
 According to the information and popular belief received from his family members and
hearsays of the tribal society, Birju Nayak always fought for the interests of poor farmers and
suffering people.
 In 1857, brave Birju Nayak along with tribal warriors Khajya Nayak, Tantya
Bhil, and Bhima Nayak led several rebellions against the British and shook the foundation of
the British government's long-running imperialist policy.
6. Bucha Korku:
 He was a resident of a tribal village named Banjaridhal under Shahpur tehsil of Betul district.
 Participated in Jungle Satyagraha of 1930, Betul district.
 On November 1930, Bucha Korku was arrested and in an injured condition was sent first to
Betul and then to Raipur jail and between this Journey he died.
7. Jaggusingh Uikey:
 Jaggusingh Uikey of Betul was sent to
imprisonment for 3 years due to his activity in
the Jungle Satyagraha of 1930
 Individual Satyagraha in 1941 and Gandhiji's
"Do or Die" slogan in 1942 were spread
among the people and also made several jail
visits.
 After independence, he worked as an MLA.
Due to his work, he was honored by former
Prime Minister Late Indira Gandhi.
8. Bhonde singh Gond

 He was born in 1924 in Dhodadongri.
 Bhonde singh Gond ji of Betul district did a
special job of connecting the farmers of the area
with the national movement.
 He did activities like uprooting railway tracks in
the Quit India Movement of 1942. He was
arrested and sent to prison for 4 years.
9. Badal Bhoi
 Freedom fighter Amar Shaheed Badal Bhoi was born in 1845 (approx) in village Dugaria Titra
of Parasia tehsil of Chhindwara district.
 Only child of Mr. Kalyan Singh Bhoi and Mrs. Vimala Bhoi. Badal Bhoi has made an
unforgettable contribution in the freedom struggle.
 Thousands of tribals participated in the Congress meeting held in Tamiya in 1923 under the
leadership of Badal Bhoi.
 According to freedom fighter Shri Arjun Singh Sisodia, “Mr. Badal Bhoi along with his
associates surrounded the bungalow of the District President and raided the government
treasury, as a result of which there was lathi charge on the unarmed tribal revolutionaries and
Mr. Badal Bhoi was arrested.
 'Badal Bhoi, under the leadership of freedom fighter Shri Vishwanath Salpekar, broke the jungle law at
Ramakona on 21 August 1930.
 On this, the British government kept Badal Bhoi in Maharashtra jail, where he died due to
poison in 1940.
 In order to highlight his contribution in the freedom struggle, the museum located in
Chhindwara was named ‘Shri Badal Bhoi State Tribal Museum’ by the state government.
10. Sitaram Kanwar

 During the revolution of 1857, Sitaram Kanwar led a major rebellion against British rule in the
trans-Narmada areas of Holkar and Barwani states, which include today's Nimar region.
 Kanwar inspired the Bhils of the Satpura range to overthrow foreign rule and established close
contacts with the Peshwa and Tatya Tope.
 This great hero continued to face the powerful army of the Company with h is limited
strength and resources. He was arrested in October 1858 and during this imprisonment
that he died.
 Sitaram Kanwar was the head of the spy army of Shankarshah and Raghunathshah in
Jabalpur.
11. Raghunath Singh Mandloi
 Raghunath Singh Mandloi, a resident of Tanda Barud and a respected leader of the local
Bhil and Bhilala communities, led an armed struggle against British rule.
 Due to their influence, the flame of rebellion flared up in Nimar region. The British
Company's army surrounded him in Bijagarh fort in October 1858 and he was taken
prisoner.
12. Turiya Shaheed Mudde Bai
 When Gandhiji broke the salt law against British rule, such movements started across
the country. In this sequence, the process of breaking the forest law started in Madhya
Pradesh.
 Muddebai was martyred on October 9, 1930, during a comparable Jungle Satyagraha at
Turia village, Seoni district, as a result of the tyranny of the oppressive British rule.
 Along with them, Raino Bai and Birju Bhoi of the same village were also martyred in
this firing.
13. Manshu Ojha
 Birth: Village Ratabhari (Related to Ojha, subtribe of Gond)
 Played important role in various movement in Betul District.
14. Dhir Singh
 Birth - 1820 (Rewa State)
 Known by the name of 'Maharaj Kumar Lal Dheeraj Singh'.
 Related with 1857 revolt.
 He remained active along with Ranmat Singh in Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand region
after the death of Shankar Shah.
 When Shankarshah was no more, after his death he remained active in Bundelkhand
and Baghelkhand along with Ranmat Singh.
15. Deepchand Gothi
 Betul district - led the Jungle Satyagraha of 1930, Ghoradongri
 But the tribal leadership was provided by Ganjan Singh Korku.
16. Virsa Gond
 Virsa God was a prominent revolutionary tribal leader who gave a new direction to the
freedom movement in the Narmada Valley region of Madhya Pradesh.
 In August 1942, a large group of tribal fighters from the Ghodadongri area of Betul
district gathered near the Ghodadongri railway station under the leadership of Vishnu
Gond, uprooted the railway tracks and set fire to several government buses.
 The police opened fire on the group without warning. In this, Veersa Gond was
martyred at the incident site
17. Ganjansingh Korku

 Birth: He was born in Ghoradongri of Betul district.
 Ghodadogri Jungle Satyagraha: On the call of Gandhiji (Civil Disobedience
Movement), Jungle Satyagraha was led by Ganjan Singh Korku in 1930 in Ghodadogri
(Betul). In this same Jungle Satyagraha, Ganjan Singh Korku's companion Banjari
Singh Korku sacrificed his life.
18. Devi Singh
 Devisingh Gond, resident of Garhamandla, agitated against the British in the movement
of 1857 and inspired people not to pay taxes.
19. Ram Gond
 Ram Gond, a resident of Barangwadi Betul, participated in the Jungle Satyagraha in
1930.
20. Vishnu Singh Gond)
 Vishnu Gond, resident of Prabhash Pattan, Betul district, participated in the Jungle
Satyagraha.
21. Kova Gond
 Kova Gond participated in the Jungle Satyagraha in 1930 and is known as the first
martyr of the Jungle Satyagraha.
22. Jirra Gond
 Participated in the Jungle Satyagraha in 1930 and was arrested by the British
Government for opposing the forest rights of tribals and Zari-Nistari
23. Janak Singh Korku
 Friend of Ganjan Korku
 Janak Singh Korku was a resident of Banjari Dhal.
 He opposed the British along with Garjan Singh in the Ghoradogri Jungle Satyagraha.
On 22 August 1930, he was arrested by Shahpur police.
24. Raghunath Bhilala
 Raghunath Bhilala was a resident of village Tanda Barud. He was an associate of
Tantya Mama.
 The British tortured Tantya Bhil many times to arrest her and he was martyred while
fighting against the British.
25. Makdu Gond
 Makdu Gond, a resident of Barangwadi Betul, participated in the Forest Satyagraha in
1930
26. Banjari Singh Korku
 Banjari Singh Korku was an associate to Sardar Ganjan Singh Korku lead Ghoda – Dongari
Satyagraha
 The sacrifice of tribals in the freedom struggle cannot be ignored. The stories of bravery
of tribal heroes like Imarat Bhoi Urpati, Sahra Bhoi, Amaru Bhoi, Tapru Bhoi, Jhanka
Bhoi, Lotiya Bhoi, Imarat Bhoi Kondawala and Imarat Bhoi sareyam in f ront of us. The
same indomitable courage was displayed by the tribals in many rebellions to free
themselves from British slavery
 In the first armed freedom struggle of 1857, most of the tribal youth from different
areas of Chhindwara who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of the motherland were
between 18-22 years of age. Although hundreds of forest dwellers of Chhindwara
sacrificed their lives for freedom.
27. Imrat Bhoi Urpati

 Born in Tamia on June 4, 1835, Imrat jumped into the battlefield against the British at
the age of just 18. Tatyatope's arrival in Chhindwara gave direction to his revolutionary
devotion.
 Imrat safely delivered Tatyatope to Manohar Raji, the Jagirdar of Amgaon
(Narsinghpur), but he sacrificed his life in this campaign on 18 March 1857.
28. Sahra Bhoi
 Born on 8 February 1834 in Tantu Bhoi's (Parent) house in Samarvoh village of
Tamiya, Sahra armed the Gondi army by making thousands of poison -tipped arrows.
 This war material was kept on the banks of Gayana River to damage the English arm y
 Sahra Bhoi attained martyrdom on 17 July 1859 at the age of only 25 years.
29. Amru Bhoi
 Born to father Bhagat and mother Parobai on 20 May 1840 in Tamia village,
 On the banks of Pench river, he fought with british army
 When he was martyred on March 3, 1858, he was below 18 years of age.
30. Jhanka Bhoi
 Jhanka, born on 8 July 1834 to Nanhi Bhoi, in village Jhamar of Tamia,
 Was also inspired by Tatyatope, he along with his companions used to spy the British
army in the Bagh valley near Ghanora.
31. Taparu bhoi
 While fighting a fierce battle with the British Army, he was Martyred on 21 March
1857
32. Lotiya bhoi
 Birth : 20 February 1839 in village Lotiya of Tamiya
 Fought a fierce battle against the British by defeating the, Jagirdar Bekhat Sha (Who
helped British Army).
 Lotiya Bhoi was an excellent archer.
 A fierce battle took place in Patalkot area, in which 18 year old Lotiya sacrificed her
life.
33. Imrat Bhoi Kondawala
 Village :Meerakota, tamia
 Sacrificed himself for the freedom of the motherland at the age of just 18 years.
 His father's name was Hardayal and mother's name was Pulasia Bai.
 Imrat Bhoi used to supply supplies to the freedom fighters without caring about the
British Army
 After Imrat's martyrdom, Jaggu, Radhe, Sarman, Denva, Kariya, Gattomatthi, Dana ,
Bhadu, Nanhi etc. took over his work with the same dedication.
34. Ramadeen Gond
 He led Jungle Satyagraha in Dongargarh presently in Chattishgarh
35. Rani Avanti bai-

 Avantibai Lodhi an Indian freedom fighter and the queen of Ramgarh (present-day Dindori)
in Madhya Pradesh. An opponent of the British East India Company during the Indian
Rebellion of 1857, information concerning her mostly comes from folklore.
 Following the death of her husband, and protesting against the Doctrine of Lapse, she
decided to take up her arms.
 When the revolt of 1857 broke out, Avantibai raised and led an army of 4000. Her first battle
with the British took place in the village of Kheri near Mandla, where she and her army were
able to defeat the British forces. However, stung by the defeat the British came back with
vengeance and launched an attack on Ramgarh, set it on fire and followed her to
Devhairgarh. She died by suicide in 1858 when facing an almost certain defeat in battle.
 The Narmada Valley Development Authority named a part of the Bargi Dam project in
Jabalpur in her honour. India Post has issued two stamps in honour of Avantibai in 1988, and
in 2001.
36. Birsa munda -
 Birsa Munda was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of the Chhota
Nagpur Plateau area, whose spirit of activism is remembered as a strong mark of protest
against British rule in India.
 He spent his childhood surrounded by Christian missionaries, whose main mission was to
convert as many tribal people as possible. Advised by his teacher, Birsa got admitted a
German Mission school where he was forced to convert to Christianity and renamed as Birsa
David. After studying for a few years, Birsa left the Mission School, and left for Chaibasa,
which had a lasting influence in his life.
 Birsa is credited for reviving the traditional tribal culture which was mostly negatively
affected by Christian missionary works. Many tribals under his sect had already converted to
Christianity. He opposed and criticized the church and its practices such as levying of taxes
and religious conversions. He himself became a preacher and a representative of their
traditional tribal religion, and soon, he built up a reputation of a healer, a miracle-worker, and
a preacher. He also founded a new religion, Birsait.
 Munda also participated in anti-missionary and anti-establishment activities between 1886-
1890, in Chaibasa, and started a movement called ‘Ulgulan’, or ‘The Great Tumult’.
 He is also associated with Dagdaua of Umaria district MP as leader of some revolt.
37. Rani Durgawati
 Rani Durgavati ((1524-2024), the descendant of the famous
Chandela dynasty of Mahoba, and the queen of the Gond
kingdom of Garha-Katanga, took on the might of the Mughal
Empire with great courage and leadership.
 Gond tribe is a prominent tribe in central India known for their
rich cultural heritage and resilience.
 Rani Durgavati, like many other women of her time, chose to
embrace death rather than fall into the hands of the enemy.
 It is said that since she was born on the festival of
Durgashtami, her parents named her Durgavati after the fierce
Hindu goddess Durga. She proved to be a human embodiment
of the deity.
 She is remembered today for her sacrifices as a defender of her culture and a symbol of pride
and honour.
 Durgavati was born on 5 October 1524 in Kalinjar, one of the most important
forts of medi India, which lies in the Banda district of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
 It was held by her father Raja Salbahan of Ratha and Mahoba, a scion of the famous
Chandelas who had built the Khajuraho temples and had rebuffed the attacks of Mahmud
Ghazni in the past.
 At the age of 18, she was married to Dalpat Shah the son of the Gond King Sangram Shah of
Garha-Katanga, strengthening an alliance between the two royal families
 A memorial to Rani Durgavati has been built in Jabalpur at the same place where the Rani
had attained martyrdom.
 A ceremony is held here on 24 June each year, which is celebrated as ‘Balidan Divas’ or
Martyr’s Day, in honour of the Rani.
 In 1983 the name of Jabalpur University was changed to Rani Durgavati University and a
museum has been named after her. In 1988 a postage stamp was issued in her honour.
38. Girdhari Bai
 Girdhari Bai was bodyguard of Rani Avanti Bai
 Samadhi of Girdhari Bai is located in Mandla District
39. Jhalkari Bai

 Jhalkari Bai was born in Bhojla village of Jhansi
 Body Guard of Rani Laxmi Bai
 A great statue of Jhankari Bai is established in 2017 in Bhopal
40. Amrit Lal Vitthal Das Thakkar

 Amrit Lal Vitthal Das Thakkar, popularly known as Thakkar
Bappa.
 He was an Indian Social worker who worked for uplifment of Tribal People.
 In 1922, he founded Bhil Seva Mandal.
 Born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat.
Other martyrs : Guddo Dai, Raina Bai, Bem Bai, Ramu Gond
IMPORTANT TRIBAL PERSONALITY

1. Lahari Bai -
 She belong to Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh and belong to Baiga tribe.
 The year 2023 has been declared by the United Nations on the request of India as the year of
“Shri Anna (Millet)” the ‘International Year of Millets’.
 Madhya Pradesh government has made Lahari Bai its brand ambassador of Millets.
2. Pema Fatya -
 Belonged to Bhil community of Jhabua (died 2020)
 Artists of Pithora painting
 Received Tulsi Samman
 Born at Chandra Shekhar Azad Nagar (Jhabua). She is one of the most renowned painters of
Bhil tribal`s Pithora paintings.
 Pema Fatya, the Bhil artist of Jhabua preferred to live in Jhabua. His work in Pithora houses
adorn the walls of the Museum of Mankind at IGRMS, in Bhopal, where in the mythology
trail, he has depicted the Bhil myth of Pithora Kunwar.
3. Ms. Jodhaiyabai Baiga(Padma Shri 2023) (Field – Art)
 On 22 March 2023, President Smt. Draupadi Murmu honoured Madhya Pradesh’s famous
Baiga painter Jodhaiya Bai Baiga with the Padma Shri Award for the year 2023 for her
special contribution in the field of arts.
 Jodhaiya Bai Baiga has been popularising the traditional Baiga tribal culture and philosophy
through her paintings for decades.
 Significantly, on International Women’s Day on 8 March 2022, the then President Ramnath
Kovind honoured Jodhaiya Bai Baiga with the ‘Nari Shakti Puraskar’ for her extraordinary
work towards women empowerment.
4. Durga Bai Vyam – Awarded in the field of painting (Padmashree 2022)
 Durga Bai Vyam is an artist. She is one of the foremost female artists based in Bhopal
working in the Gond tradition of Tribal Art
 She belong to Mandla district.
 Received Rani Durgavati National Award in 2009.
 Received Birla Alankaran Award in 2013.
 Their Art form is related to Digna Art.
 Book- Bhimayna (Related to B.R.Ambedkar)
 Digna Art- It is a traditional art of painting geometric patterns on the walls and floors of
home during weddings and festive occasions.
5. Arjun Singh Dhurve – Dancer of Baiga tribe (Padmashree 2022)
 Folk artist Arjun Singh Dhurve of Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh (village Dhurkuta)
honored with Padma Shri, famous for Baiga Pradhani dance
 He belongs to Dindori district.
 He received Tulsi Samman in 1993-94
 Dancer of Baiga Pardhoni Nritya.
 Pardhauni Natya- This is a folk dance performed by the Baiga tribals to receive the
wedding procession on the occasion of marriage. In which artistic dances are performed in
the masks of bull, peacock, elephant, horse etc.
6. Bhuri Bai ( ] )
 Padmashree 2021
 She is an Indian Bhil artist, born in Pitol village
(situated on the border of Madhya Pradesh and
Gujarat but Pitol is a village of Jhabua district in
Madhya Pradesh).
 She belongs to the community of Bhils, the
largest tribal group of India.
 She is the first tribal painter belonging to the
tribal community to use paper and canvas.
 She was awarded Shikhar Award (1986-87),
Ahilyabai Award (1998), Rani Durgavati Award (2009) by Madhya Pradesh State
Government and Padma Shri by the Union Government in 2021.
 Bhuri Bai came to work in Bhopal in the 80's. Today she works as an artist in the Adivasi
Lok Kala Academy and raised awareness about Bhil life through her paintings.
 Among the Bhils of Jhabua Pithora painting is a ritual held in great esteem. Pithora horses are
painted by the lekhindra, the traditional painter and offered to the devas.
7. Jamuna Devi
 Popularly known as Bua, she was born on 19 November, 1929 at Sardarpur (District - Dhar).
 She dedicated her life for the service of the poor. She kept working for the upliftment of the
scheduled castes and tribes since 1952.
 She was a member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly and served as the leader of
Opposition and deputy chief minister of the state. She was elected as Lok Sabha member
from
 Jhabua (1962-67). She was also the member of Rajya Sabha from 1978 to 1981.
 She became the first woman Deputy CM of Madhya Pradesh in 1998.
 She was awarded Bharat Jyoti Samman in 2001 and Sansadeey Jeevan Samman in 2003 on
completing 50 years as a parliament arian. She passed away on 24 December, 2010.
8. Jangarh Singh Shyam
 He was the first Gond artist to use paper and
canvas for his art. His talent was soon recognized,
and his work was exhibited all over the country.
 His paintings grace one of the domes of Bharat
Bhawan; he has drawn a huge aircraft on one of
the walls of the State Legislative Assembly; and
his clay relief of the Narmada can be seen at the
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya
(IGRMS) museum in Bhopal.
 He was awarded Shikhar Samman in 1986.
 Jangarh Singh Shyam passed away when he was
still in his 40s. He was in Japan on a three month
painting assignment with the Mithila Trust when
he took his own life.
 The reasons for his action are still a mystery. But
his name will remain eternal, along with the
present genre of Gond painting which he started,
and is named Janagarh Kalam in his honour.
9. Raja Nareshchandra Singh (21 November 1908-11 September 1987)

 He was a ruler of Sarangarh state in Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh.
 He was made the first Minister for Tribal Welfare in M.P. in 1955 and continued in this post
till he became the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh in 1969.
 He also served as the 6th Chief Minister of undivided Madhya Pradesh for a short duration of 13 days
(13 March 1969-25 March 1969).
10.Dileep Singh Bhuria (1944-24 June 2015)
 Dileep Singh Bhuria (1944-24 June 2015) was resident of Jhabua District.
 He was elected to Lok Sabha from Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency s member of Congress
from 1980 to 1998.
 He had been the chairman of National Commission on Schedule Tribe.
11.Kantilal Bhuria
 He was born in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh.
 He is an Indian politician and a member of Indian National Congress.
 Bhuria was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1998, 1999 and 2004 from Jhabua constituency in
Madhya Pradesh and in 2009 and 2015 from Ratlam.
 He lost in 2019 General Election again, but was elected to Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha
later in 2019 when he won a bye-poll in Jhabua (Vidhan Sabha constituency).
12. Gangu Bai (Jhabua)
 Bhil Artist/Painter
 Expert in Gatla, Gal Bapsi, Gohri Painting
13. Lado Bai (Jhabua)
 Bhil Artist/ Painter
 Important Arts- Culture, ritual of Bhil Tribes.
 Awarded-Lokrang fellowship award by Indira Gandhi Memorial trust in 1996
14. Kalavati Shyam (Patangarh, Dindori)
 Leading Award winner Gond Artist
15. Rani Kamlapati
 Rani Kamlapati was the widow of Nizam Shah
whose Gond dynasty ruled the then Ginnorgarh,
in the 18th century.
 Kampalati is known to have shown great bravery
in facing aggressors during her reign after her
husband was killed.
 Kamlapati was the “last Hindu queen of
Bhopal”, who did great work in the area of water
management and set up parks and temples.
 Kamalapati Palace is located on the bridge, between
the larger and the smaller lake of Bhopal.
 The Palace has been designated as a Monument of
National Importance by the Archaeological
Survey of India (ASI)
 Rani Kamalapati station’s redevelopment project
under PPP mode has set up benchmark and learning model for other railway stations.
Reconstructed on the lines of Germany’s Heidelberg railway station Rani Kamalapati railway
station is India’s first world-class station.
16. Nankusia Shyam – Gond Artist of Madhya Pradesh

 Awarded Devi Ahilya Award 2023
 Nankusia Shyam learned her art from her husband Jangarh Singh Shyam
 Nankusia's art is inspired by nature and its various forms are amply reflected in his paintings.
She draws pictures of all kinds of animals that she saw while growing up in Sonpuri.
 Birth place-Sonpuri Village of Madhya Pradesh
MAJOR INSTITUTES, MUSEUMS AND PUBLICATIONS

 MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS
 The Ministry was set up in 1999 after the bifurcation of Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment with the objective of providing a more focused approach towards the
integrated socio-economic development of the Scheduled Tribes (the most underprivileged
section of the Indian Society) in a coordinated and planned manner.
 The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the Nodal Ministry for overall policy planning and
coordination of programmes for development of STs. To this end, the Ministry has
undertaken activities that follow under the subjects allocated in the Government of India
(Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 and amendment(s) thereafter. The subjects allocated to
the Ministry of Tribal Affairs are as follows:
 It covers all tribal people and all areas with tribal population across the country.
 Social security and social insurance to the Scheduled Tribes
 Tribal Welfare: Planning, project formulation, research, evaluation, statistics and training
 Promotion and development of voluntary efforts on tribal welfare
 Development of Scheduled Tribes
 Scheduled Areas
 Monitoring of ST Welfare Grants, based on the framework and mechanism designed by
NITI Ayog
 The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
a. Commission to report on the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of the
Scheduled Tribes; and
b. Issue of directions regarding the drawing up and execution of schemes essential for the
welfare of the Scheduled Tribes in any State.
 Implementation of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and the Scheduled Castes and
the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, excluding administration of
criminal justice in regard to offences in so far as they relate to Scheduled Tribes.
Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub Scheme (SCA To TSS)
 Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub Scheme (SCA to TSS) is part of the Umbrella
Scheme for Development of Scheduled Tribes which is now a Core of the Core Scheme. It
supplements the efforts of State Governments for development and welfare of tribal people by
extending Special Central Assistance as an additive to the State Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP).
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition Of Forest Rights)
Act, 2006
 The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 recognizes the rights of the forest dwelling tribal
communities and other traditional forest dwellers to forest resources, on which these
communities were dependent for a variety of needs, including livelihood, habitation and other
socio-cultural needs. The forest management policies, including the Acts, Rules and Forest
Policies of Participatory Forest Management policies in both colonial and post-colonial India,
did not, till the enactment of this Act, recognize the symbiotic relationship of the STs with the
forests, reflected in their dependence on the forest as well as in their traditional wisdom
regarding conservation of the forests.
Objective:
 To undo the historical injustice occurred to the forest dwelling communities
 To ensure land tenure, livelihood and food security of the forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes
and other traditional forest dwellers
 To strengthen the conservation regime of the forests by including the responsibilities and
authority on Forest Rights holders for sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity and
maintenance of ecological balance.
 National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation

(NSTFDC), an apex Organization under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs in 2001 was brought
into existence with the sole aim of economic upliftment of the Scheduled Tribes in the country
by way of extending concessional financial assistance to the target group under its various
schemes.
 The prominent schemes of NSTFDC are Term Loan, Adivasi Mahila Sashaktikaran Yojana –
an exclusive scheme for Scheduled Tribe women, Adivasi Shiksha Rinn Yojana – Education
Loan scheme, Micro Credit Scheme for Self Help Groups (SHGs) – comprising Scheduled
Tribes as its members, Tribal Forest Dwellers Empowerment Scheme and Teak Growers
Scheme.
 ADIVASI GRANTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ADIGRAMS)
 ADIVASI GRANTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ADIGRAMS) Portal Will Provide A
Central Database For Ministry Of Tribal Affairs And The State Tribal Development/ Welfare
Department To Access, Interact And Analyse Up-To-Date Scheme Wise Physical And
Financial Information And Progress.
 Grants Under Article 275 (1) Of The Constitution Of India
 Special Central Assistance (SCA) To Tribal Sub-Scheme (TSS)
 Scheme For Development Of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (Pvtgs)
 Tribal Research Institute
 Tribal Research Institute (TRI) is the research body of the Ministry of Tribal affairs at state
level. It is envisaged that TRIs should focus on their core responsibilities as body of
knowledge & research more or less as a think tank for tribal development, preservation of
tribal cultural heritage, providing inputs to States for evidence based planning and appropriate
legislations, capacity building of tribals and persons / institutions associated with tribal affairs,
dissemination of information and creation of awareness
 Tribal Digital Document Repository
 The "Tribal Digital Document Repository" is a unique digital repository of documents related
to Tribes in India, developed by NIC and Content Provided by Ministry of Tribal Affairs,
Govt. of India.
 The Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Annupur has been established
by an Act of the Parliament of India. It came into existence by the Indira Gandhi National
Tribal University Act, 2007 and came into action on July 2008. The jurisdiction of the
University extends to the whole country and it is fully funded by the Central Government
through the University Grant Commission. The university caters to the tribals’ long cherished
dream of higher education.
 Aims and Objectives -
 The tribal people are rich in cultural heritage and skill of art and craft but they are still
marginalized in respect to higher education as well as in other walks of life.
 Now in the present age of globalization the world has shrunk into a village as the society has
advanced in technology.
 But the tribes, who are the custodians of Indian culture in real sense, are far behind in this race
of advancement. In order to rescue them from the present plight, the university has put before
itself the following aims and objectives-
 COTREX
 Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) Delhi has been entrusted with the task to
strengthen training and active research in various aspects of tribal welfare, by Ministry of
Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Government of India.
 For this purpose, a Centre of Excellence has been established at IIPA and is named as the
Centre of Tribal Research and Exploration (COTREX).
 MPTAAS
 Madhya Pradesh Tribal Affairs & Scheduled Caste Welfare Automation System
 All online related work like housing schlorship and educational schlorship schemes
 MADHYA PRADESH STATE SCHEDULE TRIBE COMMISSION

 Established by : Madhya Pradesh State Scheduled Tribes Act 1995
 Established on 29 June 1995
 The Commission shall consist of the following members:-
 Three non-official members who have special knowledge in the matters relating to Scheduled
Tribes of whom one shall be the Chairperson to be appointed by' the State Government:
 Provided that atleast two members shall be from amongst the Scheduled Tribes.
 Commissioner, Tribal Development, Madhya Pradesh
Functions of the Commission. - It shall be the function of the Commission-
 To act as watch-dog Commission for the protection afforded to the members of the
Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution and under any other law for the time being in force;
 To recommend to the State Government to take steps to add particular tribes or parts of or
groups within tribes or tribal communities in the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order,
1950.
 To watch the proper and timely implementation of programmes meant for welfare of
Scheduled Tribes and to suggest improvement in such programmes of the State Government
or any other body or authority responsible for such programmes;To tender advice regarding
reservation for Scheduled Tribes in public services and admission in educational
institutions;
 To perform such other functions as may be assigned to it by the State Government
 Madhya Pradesh Tribal Research & Development Institute
Introduction of the organization –
 Tribal Research and Development Institute was established on 20.04.1954 at District
Chhindwara Headquarters,
 In the year 10 April 1965, the headquarter of the institute was shifted to the new office
prepared in Bhopal Shyamala Hills. The museum of the institute was kept in the building of
Chhindwara itself, which is being operated today by the name of Shri Badal Bhoi State Tribal
Museum.
 The main work of the organization is anthropological research of the tribes of the state,
research on tribal subjects, evaluation study of development works, language and civic
education of the tribes of the state, compilation, recording, promotion and protection of tribal
culture and their cultural dimensions.
 Organizing workshops on various arts of tribes, their cinematography and filming and
seminars on their education, health and other subjects.
 Re-orientation training of revenue/police and other departmental officers of the state and
training of public representatives on constitutional and protective measures for tribals etc.
 Publications
 The organization publishes a six-monthly research journal bulletin, in addition to books,
research, evaluation, studies focused on the life culture, development and other relevant
topics of the Scheduled Tribes, various photocopies based on the people of the Scheduled
Tribes and their life culture. Folios of Tribal Research and Development Institute, Bhopal
are also published, there is achievement in the organization for sale of some publications
which are as follows:-
1.
ADIVASI DHAROHAR, 2003
2.
GONDI HINDI SHABDKOSH, 2006
3.
KORKU HINDI SHABDKOSH, 2007
4.
BHILI HINDI SHABDKOSH, 2007
5.
Tribal Stride, 2007
And some others books
 TRIBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
 Tribal Research and Development Institute is an organization of the Government of Madhya
Pradesh, India, located at Bhopal, the capital of the state of MP.
 The head of the institute is a Director who is an officer of the Government of MP.
 The institute works under the administrative control of the Tribal Welfare Department of the
Madhya Pradesh Government .
 Tribal Research and Development of Institute is the premier organization in Madhya Pradesh
engaged in tribal research.
OBJECTIVES OF TRIBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
 Research in Anthropological studies including social, economic and cultural issues, Traditional
Knowledge Systems (TKS), etc.
 It conducts survey for various purposes.
 Baseline and other surveys on communities.
 Evaluation and impact assessment studies.
 It does the documentation of the rich cultural heritage of the state’s tribes.
 It works for creating awareness regarding sensitivity to tribal issues.
 MP Adim Jati Mantrana Parishad
 Madhya Pradesh Adim Jati Mantrana Parishad was established in 1957 under Article
244(1) of the Indian Constitution with the aim of administration and protection of
scheduled areas and to give suggestions for the protection of tribals rights.
 MP TRIBAL FINANCE AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
 Establishment of the corporation: MP Tribal Finance and Development Corporation was established in 1994
under the section 25 of Indian Company Act 1956. It started the implementation of the schemes from 1
April 1995.
The objectives of MP Finance and Development Corporation are:
 Promote economic, social and academic development of the trials.

 Contribute towards eradication of exploitation and to lift them above poverty line through development.
 To make easy loans available to the trials.
 Madhya Pradesh Council of Employment and Training – MAPCET
 Department of Tribal & SC Welfare, Govt of Madhya Pradesh
 This Council was established in 1981, which aims at increasing and developing the technical and
business skills among educated unemployed tribal youths and to enhance their rate of employment.
 MP LOK KALA EVAM BOLI VIKAS ACADEMY
 Established: 1980
 The main aim and objective of this academy is to encourage, preserve and promote tribal
art.
 This academy conducts surveys, organizes various events and publishes various writing
materials and articles focusing on various aspects of tribal art.
 This academy follows all the parameters and instructions set by the state government.
 This academy has established a state museum by the name of Adivarta based on tribal and
folk art and apart from this, it has also established a Ramayana art museum by the name of
Saket in Orchha.
 Madhya Pradesh Special and Residiantial Academic Society (MPSARAS)
 Department of Tribal Affairs, Government of Madhya Pradesh
 All Eklavya model residential school related work done by this society.
 CEDMAP Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Madhya Pradesh
 The Centre for Entrepreneurship Development, Madhya Pradesh globally acclaimed as CEDMAP
has been functioning progressively and incredibly for over three decades. The organization has set a
benchmark in skill development and entrepreneurship evolution as a diligent and significant hand
holder
 It was established in the year 1988 and registered under the Firms & Societies Act 1973.
 Adirang Portal:
 ‘Adirang web portal’ has been developed by Vanya with the aim of promoting and
popularizing tribal crafts.
 MUSEUM
 IGRMS- Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrhalaya-Bhopal
 A nucleus of a 'National Museum of Man' began functioning from New Delhi from 21st
March, 1977 as part of the Anthropological Survey of India.
 In 1978 it was separated from the Anthropological Survey of India and declared as an
Independent Subordinate Office of the Department of Culture (now Ministry of Culture), GOI.
 In March 1985 the Museum was renamed as Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, at the instance of
the then Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, which was later (1993) through a Cabinet
decision named after Indira Gandhi as Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya.
 For international perspective the term 'National Museum of Mankind' was adopted.
 Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya acts as a facilitator for forging interrelation
between Community and Museums.
 Southern Regional Centre- Mysore
 The Southern Regional Centre of IGRMS, at Mysore, is the outcome of initiatives of the
central government and keen interest of the State Government of Karnataka. The State
government has allotted, in the year 2000, one of its prestigious heritage buildings ‘Wellington
Lodge’ situated in the heart of the (Mysore) city, to establish the Regional Centre of IGRMS.
 It has started museum activities from 2001 onwards.
 The Regional Centre is a hub for community – museum related interactive educational
programmes.
 It provides platforms to various artists/artisan groups from different parts of

India to demonstrate aesthetic beauties of their traditional knowledge systems, creative art
forms and craft techniques. The Regional Centre organizes periodically exhibitions on various
forms of cultural identities, conduct short – term training programme for aspiring people on
various traditional art forms and techniques, and organizes varieties of music, dance and
theatrical performances of fold, tribal, and classical traditions.
 Aims & Objectives of IGRMS

 To present an integrated story of the Evolution of man and culture with special reference to
India;
 To highlight the richness and diversity of Cultural patterns in India and its underlying unity;
 To promote national integration;
 To organize indoor and outdoor Exhibitions on :
o Human Evolution and Human Variation;
o Culture and Society in Pre and proto historic times; and
o Patterns of culture;
 MADHYA PRADESH TRIBAL MUSEUM
 Tribal Museum was established in Bhopal on 6th June
2013
 This Museum was established by Cultural Department of
MP Government.
 • The biggest attraction of the MP Tribal Museum is its
well-planned and beautifully placed themed galleries where
every visitor is able to connect via motifs and artefacts
representing tribal lifestyle. The museum indeed stands out
from rest of the museums because of the way its exhibits
are put up.
 It shows the ways of life practiced by the seven major
tribes in the state - the Gond, Bhil, Korku, Baiga, Sahariya,
Kol and Bhariya - through their crafts.
 Badal Bhoi Adivasi Museum

 Tribal Museum Chhindwara was established in 1954.
 In 1997 its name was changed to Badal Bhoi Tribal
Museum.
 Information and details related to Bharia tribe can be seen
in this museum.
 Adivart Tribal Museum- Chhatarpur

 This museum is located in Khajuraho of Chhatarpur
District
 In Adivart, Gond, Baiga, Bhil, Bharia, Korku, Kol and
Saharia along with the major tribes of the state,
respectively, five cultural zones, Baghelkhand,
Bundelkhand, Malwa, Nimar and Chambal
respectively, were displayed by building houses and
life-useful items.
.
 Rani Durgawati Museum –Jabalpur

 Sahariya Museum-Sheopur
 To protect the culture of extremely backward Sahriya
tribe,
 It is also a research center for Sahria culture.
 Tribal Community Radio

 Community radio plays an important role in the communication of a certain community and is a form
of public-service broadcasting. It upholds the principles of participatory communication.
 Community radio helps in availing utilities and facilities for various developmental aspects of our
society such as education, health, water and sanitation, protection from natural calamities, addressing
social issues at the community level and connecting the rural population with the government. It can
be useful for the development of a particular target group like the elderly, women and children.
Community radio helps to ensure people's right to information and community participation by
expressing the voices and ideas of grassroots people in the development process.
 Tribal Community Radio
1. Bhili Community Radio : Bhabra (Alirajpur) (1st)
2. Bharia Community Radio : Bijouri (Chhindwara)
3. Korku Community Radio : Khandwa
4. Shaharia Community Radio : Sheopur
5. Radio Chicholi : Betul
Chicholi Radio has a vision to ensure community participation in development, welfare of the
Gond community of the area. The Chicholi Community Radio makes efforts to engage the
villagers and farmers to enhance their knowledge in various fields of agriculture education and
production.
6. Vanya Radio Chanda (Dindori) Related to Pardhan Tribes
7. Vanya Radio Nalchha (Dhar) is situated among the community of Bhil tribe people near Mandu.
 VANYA PUBLICATION
 Vanya publication was founded in the year 1980, as a welfare undertaking of the
government of MP, Department of Tribal, Scheduled Caste and Other Backward Classes.
Vanya has been registered by the Madhya Pradesh Firms and Societies. MP, Bhopal.
 Main objectives of Vanya Publication are as follows-
 It works to provide good quality tribal literature to the tribal society concerning their
interest.
 The purchase, creation, publication and delivery of the best literature for newly literate and
educated tribal.
 Publication of quality literature and textbooks in major tribal dialects.
 It also edits and works for the publication of old records relating to tribal areas and tribal
lifestyle.
 It publishes research materials in tribal areas and also publishes selected contents relating
to the Indian culture and great historical personalities.
 It works for the purchase and distribution of selected books published by other publishers
for tribal areas. It also works for the compilation and publication of appropriate material for
maintenance and dissemination of tribal cultural.
 It works to implement such welfare schemes with the consent of Board of schemes with the
consent of Board of Directors through which the improvement in educational level of
scheduled caste and tribal students is made possible.
 It helps to organize multifarious programs based on tribal lifestyle, traditions, fold
resources, culture society and different other topics
Objective- To disseminate the best literature related to tribal culture to the tribal society in the
interest of the tribal of Madhya Pradesh.
Other
 Chaumasa, Anushang,
TRIBAL WELFARE PROGRAMME
 PM JANMAN
 The Union Cabinet approved Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM
JANMAN) with outlay of Rs.24,104 crore
 Hon’ble Prime Minister launched the PM JANMAN Mission on Janjatiya Gaurav Divas on
15th November, 2023 with a resolve to reach out to tribal groups and primitive tribes most of
whom still dwell in the forests.
 Vision
 The PM-JANMAN vision is aimed to improve the socio-economic status of PVTGs by
bridging gaps in health, education, livelihoods; by improving basic infrastructure in
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) communities, habitations, and families aligning
with existing schemes of Nine Ministries/Departments
 Objectives
 The basic objective of the PM-JANMAN is to improve socio-economic conditions of the
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), by saturating PVTG families and habitations
with basic facilities and services. The broader objectives of the Mission are as under:
 Important Initiatives of MP Government for the Scheduled Tribes
The Government of Madhya Pradesh remains committed to the social as well as
economic inclusion of the Scheduled Tribes.
 It has taken many policy-level initiatives in different sectors in this direction in the last
year.The State announced the implementation guidelines for the Panchayat (Extensions to
Scheduled Area) Act on 15th November 2022.
 In the year 2020, the 15th of November had been declared as the
‘Janjaatiya Gaurav Diwas’ in the honor of the birth of Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
 To honor the contribution of ST leaders, 4th of December has also been declared as
‘BalidanDiwas’, to commemoratethe sacrifice of Tantya Mama.
 PESA is an enabling legislation which gives special power to Gram Sabhas in scheduled
areas, especially for the management of natural resources.
 It will allow self-governance through Gram Sabhas in 89 tribal blocks of the state,
covering 2,350 villages in 5,212 panchayats.
 This move is expected to benefit over 1.5 crores ST population, mostly living in the
villages (Census, 2011) in the State.
 PESA allows gram panchayats to decide matters related to minor forest produce, land and
small water bodies along with the implementation of government schemes and maintaining
records of migrant labourers for curbing bonded labour in these scheduled areas.
 The new Rules also provide for a peace and dispute resolution committee in every village.
 Another recent flagship initiative is the Devaranya Scheme which links AYUSH with the
livelihood of the STs. The scheme, now under implementation, creates a complete value
chain for the production and distribution of AYUSH medicines.
 The scheme would be connecting the tribal farmer with the pharmaceutical industry
directly as market linkages.
 Given that majority of the ST depend on forest resources for their living and livelihood, the
State initiatives would go a long way in the conservation of tribal rights and ensuring
economic upliftment, as well. Additionally, schemes like the ‘AahaarAnudaan
Yojana’strives to improve the nutritional security of PVTG women and children.
 To promote employment and entrepreneurship among the SC and ST communities, the
Govt. of MP has established the Sant Ravidas Global Skill Park in collaboration with
the government of Singapore, which would train 10 thousand youth each year.
Entrepreneurship among the ST and SC youth is further supported by state-led schemes of
Tantya Mama Arthik Kalyan (economic welfare), Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Aarthik Kalyan,
Bhagwan Birsa Munda Aarthik Kalyan and Mukhya Mantri Udyam Kranti Yojana (Dept.
of Public Relations, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh).
 The Tribal Sub Plan or TSP (also known as the Scheduled Tribe Component) strategy
provides additive support for the sectors of education, health, sanitation, water supply,
livelihood, etc.
 Educational schemes
 Model Residential Higher Secondary Schools,
 Kanya Shiksha Parisars,
 Eklavya Model Residential Schools,
 Sports Complexes, and Ashram Schools
 Junior Hostels, Senior Hostels,
 Utkrisht Senior Hostels, University Hostels.
 The State also provides different pre-matric scholarship schemes to promote education
among ST children,completely disbursed through DBT.The students come from families
with annual income less than Rs. 2.5 lakhs, are provided post-matric scholarships.
For the differently-abled (physical disability over 80 per cent) students of Class 9th and
10th, additional conveyance scholarships of Rs. 1600/- are provided. Mentally retarded
(MR) students are provided scholarships of Rs. 2400/-
 Meritorious Students Award Scheme: For students of the 10th and 12th Board, 52 boys
and 52 girls are awarded the merit award and an amount of Rs. 1,000/- at the district level
under the scheme.
 Schlorship Scheme to Study Abroad- The State provisions scholarship to 50

students each year for studying abroad.
 In order to encourage sports talent among tribal children, residential sports complexes
operative in the state. The State also incentivises the participation of ST children at national
and state-level competitions through monetary prizes.
 Under the New Cycle Scheme for ST girls, the tribal girls who have not been provided
cycles in class 9th by the education department, and who have to travel a distance of more than
2 km to get admission in class 11th, such girls are given cycles.
 Vidhyarthi Kalyan Yojana- For economically weak students of Scheduled Tribes, for
treatment in sudden calamity, or special diseases, and for participating in various programs and
special interests, incentives are given.
 Civil Service Protsahan Yojana- The State Government provisions incentives to the
Scheduled Tribe candidates who are successful at various levels in the Civil Services
Examinations conducted by the Union Public Service Commission and the Madhya Pradesh
Public Service Commission.
 Study at delhi- The State has provisions for allowing the Scheduled Tribe candidates to avail
of coaching facilities from a reputed coaching institute located in Delhi.
 Schlorships- Pre metric State Schlorship class 1 to 10
 Premetric Central Schlorship- Class 9 to 10
 Scholarship for Class 11 & 12 by Central Government.
 Player encouragement and award scheme
 For ST
 At State and at National Level
 Incentive to Rank 1, 2 and 3
 Residential Institutions- Hostels/Ashram Yojana
 For STs
 From Class 1 to college going student
 Food and Stationery Facilitiy also available
 Aawas sahayta Yojana
 Those who are unabled to get government hostel facility are covered under this schemes by
providing incentive amount.
 Shankar Shah and Rani Durgawati Purushkar Scheme
 Three students of Class 10th and 12th are awarded with the prize under the scheme for
achieving merit. The first prize for the student at the top among the three under the merit
range is awarded Rs. 51,000/-. Accordingly, Rs. 40,000/- and Rs. 30,000/- are awarded to
the students at the second and third position
 Medhavi Puruskar Yojana
 Rest of the 52 Girls and Boys student who are not covered under Shankar Shah and Rani
Durgawati Purushkar Scheme will be awarded Rs 1000 at state level.
 ST Girls Science Award Scheme
 There is provision to award ten girl students of the 12th Class for achieving the merit
position in a science subject. In this case, the scheme is applicable to ST girls of the State
of MP only.
 Baiga Women’s Livelihood Handloom Promotion Program
 The Livelihood Program for Women of Baiga Community (PVTG) in the Mandla district
has been initiated. The Action Plan has been approved for Mawai, Bichhiya, Mohgaon, and
Bijadandi development blocks in the Mandla district.
 AaharAnudaan Yojana: With the objective of getting rid of malnutrition in

the special backward tribal community (PVTGs), the Scheme is being implemented from the
year 2017. This scheme is currently being implemented by the Department of Tribal Affair in
15 districts inhabited by special backward tribes respectively.
 An action plan amounting to Rs.358.74 lakh has been approved for “Evaluating the efficacy
of homoeopathy as an adjuvant therapy for PVTGs suffering from sickle cell disorder”.
Presently this scheme is being implemented by the Department of AYUSH in Chhindwara,
Dindori, Mandla and Shahdol districts.
 Bhagwan Birsa Munda Self-Employment Scheme
(New Scheme) - The State Tribal Financial and
Development Corporation is operating the Bhagwan
Birsa Munda Self-Employment Scheme (New
Scheme), which will be payable only for the
establishment of new enterprises. There will be
provisions related to eligibility and financial assistance
to the applicants of tribal category are ranging from
Rs. 1 lakh to 50 lakh.
 Tantya Mama Economic Welfare Scheme (New Scheme): The objective of the scheme will
be to provide low-cost equipment and working capital to the BPL category beneficiaries of
Scheduled Tribes. The benefit of the scheme will be given for the establishment of new
industries/business etc.
 For organizing cultural activities for special backward tribes (PVTGs) in districts Sheopur,
Dindori, and Chhindwara, 3 cultural centres for Baiga, Bharia and Sahariya communities,
the construction cultural co-training centres in Bhopal, are being jointly constructed at a
cost of Rs 1850.00 lakh.
 Computer Training Skill Development Centres for Special Backward Tribe Youth in
Special Backward Majority Areas.
 Scheduled Tribe Basti development - The main objective of Scheduled Tribe Basti
development is to provide basic amenities in Scheduled Tribe areas
 CM RISE School
 The main objective of developing CM Rise schools, is to improve the quality of education,
keeping in view the survey done for the new education policy (NEP 2020) for the
establishment of resource-rich schools.
 CM RISE Schools aims to increase the attendance rate of children and reduce the dropout
rates by running holistic/integrated schools from kindergarten to class 12th
 Madhya Pradesh government has set up the Sant Ravidas Global Skill Park(Bhopal) with
Singapore, where about 10,000 children will be given job training every year. 20 per cent of
the land will be reserved for setting up the industry for SC/ST category.
 Social Justice and Empowerment Centers : These centre works to improvethe confidence
of SC/ST and minority communities by spreading awareness about their social and economic
status and making them aware of their constitutional rights being done through the police
station.
 Jan Chetna Camp : Through Jan Chetna Shivirs or camps, efforts are being made to redress
the grievances of SC/ST members by strengthening their sense of security. Apart from this,
they are also given information about the relevant schemes of the government, legal
provisions and rights.
 Relief from Atrocities

 The department has also been made the nodal department for the implementation of the
 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 for effective control of atrocities on Scheduled
Castes/Tribes. A special police station has been established in each district.
 Pre-Examination Training Centre
 There are 7 such training centres in each of the Divisional Headquarters - Bhopal, Indore,
 Jabalpur, Rewa, Sagar, Gwalior and Ujjain for helping SC/ST youths prepare for civil
services
 Examination organized by the MP Public Service Commission in addition to preparation
for Bank, Railway, etc.
 Promotion, and development of tribal culture Programme by Department
 To link the STs people with the traditional culture, dances and to make awareness.
 Adivasi pratinidhio ki delhi yatra.- One selected male and female by triba department.
 Madhya Pradesh Vikas Darshan Programme- 25 to 27 January every year.
 One male and one female is selected from every district of Madhya Pradesh to visit New
Delhi on 26th January.
Other schemes-
 Antyodaya Yojana
 The main objective of this scheme is to prepare various types of schemes for economic
development and improvement of living standards of Scheduled Castes and Tribes and to
provide financial, managerial and marketing assistance for their implementation. This
scheme was started in November 1990.
 Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana
 Under this scheme, efforts are being made to make people from weaker sections of the society
financially independent. This program will be implemented with public participation and will be
implemented under the control of committees formed at four levels - Gram Panchayat,
Development Block, District and State level.
 Vasundhara Yojana
 There is a program to provide interest free loans to landless farmers belonging to Scheduled Castes
and Tribes to purchase land.
 Swavalamban Yojana
 Scheme related to providing shops to poor youth belonging to Scheduled Castes and
Tribes.
 Vanja Yojana
 The objective of this scheme is to provide gainful employment to tribal (dependent on
minor forest produce) workers in small scale industries near their residence.
 Pawanputra Yojana
 Scheme to provide self-employment to poor youth belonging to Scheduled Castes and
Tribes through auto rickshaws and tempos.
 Dhanvantari Yojana
 Ayurvedic or allopathic doctors of Scheduled Tribes are given assistance by the government
to practice.
 Akansha Yojana
 Under this scheme made by the Tribal Affairs Department, the target has been set to provide
coaching for the entrance examination from reputed coaching institutes in the divisional
headquarters to the students of Scheduled Tribe category of the state studying

in class 11th and 12th.
 Criteria
o Must be a member of Scheduled Tribe group.
o The annual income of the applicant parents should not exceed Rs 6 lakh.
o Must have passed 10th class examination with 60% or more marks.
 Jeevan Jyoti Yojana
 Objective of the plan-Providing free health related facilities in tribal areas
 Sankhnad Yojana
 Objective of the plan-. Involvement of school children in the development of tribal areas
Vikas Vahini has been formed at school and college level.
 MP Vikas Yojana
o This scheme was started in 2011-12
o Objective of the plan- To increase participation of representatives of tribal population in the
implementation of government programs.
 Aahhar Anudhan Yojana
 This scheme was started in December 2017
 Under the scheme, Rs 1000 is deposited in the account of the female head to free the them
from malnutrition.
 National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the
National Sickle Cell Anemia Eradication
Mission(NSCAEM) 2047 in Shahdol, Madhya
Pradesh. The mission aims to tackle the challenges
posed by sickle cell disease, particularly among the
tribal population in India. PM Modi also unveiled a
portal and released guidelines for disease
management, along with different monitoring
modules.
 Surajdhara Yojana-
 It is scheme for SC and ST
 To provide crops/seeds at subsidized rate.
Some Historical stories

 Nimar Revolt: Under the leadership of Khwaja (Khajya) Nayak, Bhima Nayak and Tantya
Bhil
 The flag of Revolt in Nimar was raised by the Bhil-Bhilala Tribes. Their leaders were
Khwaja (Khajya) Nayak and Bhima Nayak, Khwaja Nayak started revolt by looting British
treasury on the main route. An Army of Soldiers and Vilayatis took up arms against British
and Mandleshwar.
 Bhil-Bhilala tribes revolted against the British in Sendhwa and Barwani under leadership
of Bhima Nayak. Khwaja Nayak along with his 4000 followers joined Tatya Tope, which
includes Bhima Nayak, Later Bhima Nayak was caught andarrested and scentenced to life
imprisonment and sent to Andaman and Nicobar.
 Tantya Bhil was caught by British with the help of some local people and hanged in
Jabalpur. The local people still know him as Tantiya Dada orTantiya Baba, Tantiya Mama.
 The Forest Struggle (Satya Graha) of Turia Jungle
 When in 1930 Gandhiji marched to Dandi and led the ‘Namak Satyagraha’, at the time the
congress workers of Seoni, under the leadership of Durga Shankar Mehta carried out the
‘Jungle Satyagraha’. About 9-10 kms from Seoni, a movement to cut grass from the
Government Sandal wood Gardens, was started. In Continuation of the above movement
another movement to cut grass in the Jungles of turia 28 kms from Seoni.
 It was planned to enter turia Jungle on 9th October 1930. The police and range officers
insulted the freedom fighters and the public who had assembled there in support of the
freedom fighters.
 The Deputy Commissioner, Seoni ordered police to open fire on them to ‘teach a lesson.’
On the spot four tribals Viz., Guddobai, Renabai, Bemabai and Birju Gond died. This
incidence is a proof of the fact that the freedom movement spread even among the tribals.
The bodies of these martyrs were not handed over to their family.
 ‘Jungle Satyagraha’of Ghodadongri
 The trial district Betul was also a centre of freedom struggle and the tribals here also
participated in the freedom movement.
 After the ‘Jungle movement’ of 1930 the tribal freedom fighters also took the regins of the
freedom movement in their hands under the leadership of Ganjan Singh Korku of Banjari
Dhal.
 When the police reached Banjari Dhal to arrest Shri Ganjan Singh, the local tribals strongly
opposed.
 The police opened fire and in firing Koma Gond died and became a martyr. Ganjan Singh
however escaped. In a place named Jambada, a crowd gathered to free the arrested tribals,
police opened fire on the crowd, Ramu and Makdu Gond died and became martyrs.

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UNIT-10

TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH

MPPSC PRELIMS UNIT-10

 Folk Culture and Literature of Madhya Pradesh (Covered in Unit-2 Prelims)

 DEMOGRAPHY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES IN INDIA

 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGS)

 DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED TRIBE – ARTICLE 366 (25)

4. Law applicable to Scheduled Areas:

 Articles Related to Scheduled and Tribal Areas at a Glance

District Schedule Tribe District Schedule Tribe

 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS IN MADHYA

 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL

State level authority/ agencies have been formed for PVTG.

TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH

India (1,210,854,977) Madhya Pradesh (7,26,26,809)

Tribal Polulation: 10.4 Crore (ST)

Madhya Pradesh 21.09% tribes

Largest Number of People

Bhil Gond Kol

Population No. Population (%)

Smallest Largest Smallest Largest

 Bhind (6131) Dhar(12,22,809)  Bhind (0.4%)  Alirajpur (89%)

4. Decadal growth Rate

23% (India) 25% (MP)

Male: 59% Female: 41%

TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBES IN MADHYA PRADESH

 Important persons in Bhil community

 CUSTOM AND RITUALS-

 On the basis of Occupation:

 Ghajla And Bidri-

 Badal Bhoi Museum:

 Head of their panchayats are called Muqaddam.

 Sahariya is the most malnourished tribe of Madhya Pradesh. Sheopur inhabits

 Their Panchyats are called- Maiyari

Raj Korku Pathariya Korku Mowasa Korku

10.ORANN TRIBE-(MAINLY CHHATTISGARH)

SUBCASTE OF IMP TRIBES

8. Parha (Village) Orann

If father in law is satisfied :

Denotified Tribes, Nomadic Tribes and Semi Nomadic Tribes

12. ( , (12) /Habuda

 Madhya Pradesh State DENOTIFIED, NOMADIC AND SEMI-NOMADIC

 Brand Ambassador of Culture Department of Madhya Pradesh- Bhuri Bai

DIALECT OF MAJOR TRIBES

Work done for dialects by Tribal Research and Development Institute

 Samagra (Culture of Gond Tribe) – Niranjan Mahavar & Ashok Mishra

 Literature (During Godwana Rule)

Madhya Pradesh Tribals Contribution to the freedom Movement

Prominent Leaders of MP in the Great Uprising of 1857

 The army organized by him constituted of around 10,000 freedom fighters.

8. Bhonde singh Gond

10. Sitaram Kanwar

17. Ganjansingh Korku

27. Imrat Bhoi Urpati

35. Rani Avanti bai-

39. Jhalkari Bai

40. Amrit Lal Vitthal Das Thakkar

IMPORTANT TRIBAL PERSONALITY

9. Raja Nareshchandra Singh (21 November 1908-11 September 1987)