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Full download Chemistry for today Ninth ed Spencer L. Seager file pdf all chapter on 2024
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Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
NINTh EdITION
Spencer L. Seager
University of South Dakota
Weber State University
Michael R. Slabaugh
University of South Dakota
Weber State University
Maren S. hansen
West High School, Salt Lake City, UT
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right
to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate
formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN, author, title, or keyword for
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Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, © 2018, 2014, Cengage Learning
and Biochemistry, Ninth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
Product Director: Dawn Giovanniello permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of
Product Manager: Courtney Heilman the copyright owner.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
To our grandchildren:
Nate and Braden Barlow, Megan and Bradley Seager, and Andrew Gardner
Alexander, Annie, Charlie, Christian, Elyse, Foster, Megan, and Mia Slabaugh, Addison, Hadyn, and Wyatt Hansen
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
About the Authors
Spencer L. Seager
Spencer L. Seager retired from Weber State University in 2013 after serving for 52 years
as a chemistry department faculty member. He served as department chairman from
1969 until 1993. He taught general and physical chemistry at the university. He was also
active in projects designed to help improve chemistry and other science education in
local elementary schools. He received his B.S. in chemistry and Ph.D. in physical chem-
istry from the University of Utah. He currently serves as an adjunct professor at Weber
State and the University of South Dakota where he teaches online courses in general
chemistry, elementary organic chemistry, and elementary biochemistry.
Michael R. Slabaugh
Michael R. Slabaugh is an adjunct professor at the University of South Dakota and at
Weber State University, where he teaches the yearlong sequence of general chemistry,
organic chemistry, and biochemistry. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Pur-
due University and his Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from Iowa State University.
His interest in plant alkaloids led to a year of postdoctoral study in biochemistry at
Texas A&M University. His current professional interests are chemistry education and
community involvement in science activities, particularly the State Science and Engi-
neering Fair in Utah. He also enjoys the company of family, hiking in the mountains,
and fishing the local streams.
Maren S. Hansen
Maren S. Hansen is a science teacher at West High School, where she teaches honors
biology. She has also taught AP biology and biology in the International Baccalaure-
ate Program. She received her B.A. and master of education degrees from Weber State
University. Her professional interests have focused upon helping students participate in
Science Olympiad and Science Fair. Other interests include adventure travel, mountain
hiking, gardening, and the company of friends and family. She hopes to share her love of
science with her two children.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Brief Contents
Chapter 1 Chapter 13
Matter, Measurements, Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 424
and Calculations 2
Chapter 14
Chapter 2 Aldehydes and Ketones 458
Atoms and Molecules 46
Chapter 15
Chapter 3 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 488
Electronic Structure and the
Periodic Law 72 Chapter 16
Amines and Amides 516
Chapter 4
Chapter 17
Forces between Particles 100
Carbohydrates 548
Chapter 5
Chapter 18
Chemical Reactions 144
Lipids 582
Chapter 6
Chapter 19
The States of Matter 174
Proteins 610
Chapter 7
Chapter 20
Solutions and Colloids 210
Enzymes 642
Chapter 8 Chapter 21
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 250
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 668
Chapter 9 Chapter 22
Acids, Bases, and Salts 276 Nutrition and Energy for Life 702
Chapter 10 Chapter 23
Radioactivity and Nuclear Processes 322 Carbohydrate Metabolism 732
Chapter 11 Chapter 24
Organic Compounds: Alkanes 352 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism 760
Chapter 12 Chapter 25
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 390 Body Fluids 788
Brief Contents v
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Contents
vi Contents
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chemistry Around us 3.2 Transition and 5.8 Energy and Reactions 157
Inner-Transition Elements in Your Smart Phone 89 5.9 The Mole and Chemical Equations 158
Case Study Follow-up 94
5.10 The Limiting Reactant 161
5.11 Reaction Yields 163
Chapter 4 Concept Summary 165
4.10 More about Naming Compounds 126 Chemistry Around us 5.2 Electric Cars 162
STudy SkILLS 5.1 Help with Oxidation Numbers 163
4.11 Other Interparticle Forces 129
Case Study Follow-up 164
Concept Summary 134
Key Terms and Concepts 135
Exercises 136 Chapter 6
Additional Exercises 140 The States of Matter 174
Chemistry for Thought 140
6.1 Observed Properties of Matter 176
Allied Health Exam Connection 141
6.2 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter 178
Case Study 100
6.3 The Solid State 179
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 4.1 Consider
the Mediterranean Diet 107 6.4 The Liquid State 180
Chemistry Around us 4.1 Water: One of Earth’s 6.5 The Gaseous State 180
Special Compounds 113 6.6 The Gas Laws 181
ASk A phARMACIST 4.1 Are All Iron Preparations 6.7 Pressure, Temperature, and Volume
Created Equal? 123 Relationships 184
STudy SkILLS 4.1 Help with Polar and Nonpolar 6.8 The Ideal Gas Law 189
Molecules 127
6.9 Dalton’s Law 191
Chemistry Around us 4.2 Ozone: Good up High,
Bad Nearby 131
6.10 Graham’s Law 192
Case Study Follow-up 134 6.11 Changes in State 192
6.12 Evaporation and Vapor Pressure 193
6.13 Boiling and the Boiling Point 195
Chapter 5
6.14 Sublimation and Melting 196
Chemical Reactions 144 6.15 Energy and the States of Matter 197
5.1 Chemical Equations 145 Concept Summary 202
5.2 Types of Reactions 147 Key Terms and Concepts 203
5.3 Redox Reactions 148 Key Equations 203
5.4 Decomposition Reactions 151 Exercises 203
5.5 Combination Reactions 152 Additional Exercises 207
5.6 Replacement Reactions 153 Chemistry for Thought 207
5.7 Ionic Equations 155 Allied Health Exam Connection 207
Contents vii
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Case Study 174 8.5 Factors That Influence Reaction Rates 258
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 6.1 Get an 8.6 Chemical Equilibrium 260
Accurate Blood Pressure Reading 184
8.7 The Position of Equilibrium 262
ASk A phARMACIST 6.1 Zinc for Colds? 188
8.8 Factors That Influence Equilibrium
Chemistry Around us 6.1 Air Travel 195 Position 264
Chemistry Around us 6.2 Therapeutic Uses
Concept Summary 267
of Oxygen Gas 198
Key Terms and Concepts 268
STudy SkILLS 6.1 Which Gas Law to Use 200
Key Equations 268
Case Study Follow-up 201
Exercises 268
Additional Exercises 273
Chapter 7 Chemistry for Thought 273
Solutions and Colloids 210 Allied Health Exam Connection 273
Case Study 250
7.1 Physical States of Solutions 211
ASk A phARMACIST 8.1 Energy for Sale 255
7.2 Solubility 212
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 8.1 Use Your
7.3 The Solution Process 216 Phone to Help You Stay Healthy 261
7.4 Solution Concentrations 220 Chemistry Around us 8.1 Why “Cold” Does Not
7.5 Solution Preparation 224 Exist 265
7.6 Solution Stoichiometry 227 STudy SkILLS 8.1 Le Châtelier’s Principle in Everyday
7.7 Solution Properties 229 Life 267
Case Study Follow-up 267
7.8 Colloids 235
7.9 Dialysis 238
Concept Summary 241 Chapter 9
Key Terms and Concepts 241
Key Equations 242
Acids, Bases, and Salts 276
Exercises 242 9.1 The Arrhenius Theory 277
Additional Exercises 247 9.2 The Brønsted Theory 278
Chemistry for Thought 247 9.3 Naming Acids 279
Allied Health Exam Connection 247 9.4 The Self-Ionization of Water 281
Case Study 210 9.5 The pH Concept 283
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 7.1 Stay 9.6 Properties of Acids 286
Hydrated 222 9.7 Properties of Bases 290
STudy SkILLS 7.1 Getting Started with Molarity 9.8 Salts 291
Calculations 234
9.9 The Strengths of Acids and Bases 294
Chemistry Around us 7.1 Health Drinks 237
9.10 Analyzing Acids and Bases 300
Chemistry Around us 7.2 CO2 Emissions: A
Blanket around the Earth 239 9.11 Titration Calculations 302
Case Study Follow-up 240 9.12 Hydrolysis Reactions of Salts 304
9.13 Buffers 305
Concept Summary 310
Chapter 8
Key Terms and Concepts 311
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 250 Key Equations 311
viii Contents
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chemistry Around us 9.1 Sinkholes 294 11.5 Alkane Structures 361
STudy SkILLS 9.1 Writing Reactions of Acids 298 11.6 Conformations of Alkanes 365
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 9.1 Beware of 11.7 Alkane Nomenclature 367
Heartburn 299
11.8 Cycloalkanes 373
ASk AN ExpERT 9.1 Does diet play a role in peptic ulcer
11.9 The Shape of Cycloalkanes 375
disease? 308
Case Study Follow-up 309 11.10 Physical Properties of Alkanes 378
11.11 Alkane Reactions 380
Concept Summary 381
Chapter 10
Key Terms and Concepts 382
Radioactivity and Nuclear Key Equations 382
Contents ix
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Case Study 390 Chapter 14
Chemistry Around us 12.1 Three-Dimensional
Printers 396 Aldehydes and ketones 458
STudy SkILLS 12.1 Keeping a Reaction Card File 402
14.1 The Nomenclature of Aldehydes
STudy SkILLS 12.2 A Reaction Map for Alkenes 404 and Ketones 460
Chemistry Around us 12.2 Polycarbonate—The 14.2 Physical Properties 463
Lucky Polymer 406
14.3 Chemical Properties 465
hoW reACtions oCCur 12.1 The Hydration of
Alkenes: An Addition Reaction 409 14.4 Important Aldehydes and Ketones 476
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 12.1 Think Concept Summary 479
before Getting Brown 412 Key Terms and Concepts 479
ASk A phARMACIST 12.1 Controlled Substances 413 Key Reactions 479
Chemistry Around us 12.3 Graphene 415 Exercises 480
Case Study Follow-up 416 Additional Exercises 485
Chemistry for Thought 485
Chapter 13 Allied Health Exam Connection 486
x Contents
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 15.1 Consider 17.4 Monosaccharides 559
Low-Dose Aspirin 503 17.5 Properties of Monosaccharides 560
STudy SkILLS 15.1 A Reaction Map for Carboxylic
17.6 Important Monosaccharides 566
Acids 504
17.7 Disaccharides 567
hoW reACtions oCCur 15.1 Ester
Saponification 505 17.8 Polysaccharides 571
Chemistry Around us 15.1 Nitroglycerin in Concept Summary 576
Dynamite and in Medicine 507 Key Terms and Concepts 576
Case Study Follow-up 508 Key Reactions 576
Exercises 577
Contents xi
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chemistry Around us 18.1 Biofuels Move into 20.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Action 649
the Kitchen 599 20.5 Enzyme Activity 650
ASk AN ExpERT 18.1 How significantly can diet really
20.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 651
lower cholesterol? 600
20.7 Enzyme Inhibition 653
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 18.1 Consider
Olive Oil 603 20.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity 658
Case Study Follow-up 605 20.9 Medical Application of Enzymes 661
Concept Summary 663
Key Terms and Concepts 664
Chapter 19 Key Reactions 664
proteins 610 Exercises 664
19.3 Reactions of Amino Acids 616 Allied Health Exam Connection 666
Case Study 642
19.4 Important Peptides 619
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 20.1 Cut Back
19.5 Characteristics of Proteins 621
on Processed Meat 646
19.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins 625 ASk A phARMACIST 20.1 Treatment Options for
19.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins 626 the Common Cold 648
19.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins 629 Chemistry Around us 20.1 Enzyme Discovery
19.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins 631 Heats Up 654
19.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation 633 Chemistry Around us 20.2 No Milk
Please 656
Concept Summary 635
STudy SkILLS 20.1 A Summary Chart of Enzyme
Key Terms and Concepts 636
Inhibitors 660
Key Reactions 636 Case Study Follow-up 663
Exercises 637
Additional Exercises 639
Chemistry for Thought 639 Chapter 21
Allied Health Exam Connection 640
Nucleic Acids and protein
Case Study 610
ASk AN ExpERT 19.1 Can a higher-protein diet help me Synthesis 668
lose weight? 617 21.1 Components of Nucleic Acids 670
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 19.1 Go for 21.2 The Structure of DNA 672
the Good Grains 620
21.3 DNA Replication 676
Chemistry Around us 19.1 Alzheimer’s
Disease 624
21.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 680
Chemistry Around us 19.2 A Milk Primer 629 21.5 The Flow of Genetic Information 683
STudy SkILLS 19.1 Visualizing Protein Structure 631 21.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis 684
ASk A phARMACIST 19.1 Who Really Needs Gluten- 21.7 The Genetic Code 686
Free Food? 633 21.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis 689
Case Study Follow-up 635 21.9 Mutations 692
21.10 Recombinant DNA 692
xii Contents
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Case Study 668 Chapter 23
Chemistry Around us 21.1 The Clone
Wars 681 Carbohydrate Metabolism 732
Chemistry Around us 21.2 Is There a DNA
23.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates 733
Checkup in Your Future? 686
23.2 Blood Glucose 734
STudy SkILLS 21.1 Remembering Key Words 688
23.3 Glycolysis 734
Chemistry Around us 21.3 Stem Cell
Research 690 23.4 The Fates of Pyruvate 738
Chemistry Around us 21.4 DNA and the Crime 23.5 The Citric Acid Cycle 740
Scene 694 23.6 The Electron Transport Chain 743
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 21.1 Reduce 23.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation 743
Your Chances for Developing Cancer 696
23.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose 745
Case Study Follow-up 697
23.9 Glycogen Metabolism 747
23.10 Gluconeogenesis 749
23.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate
Chapter 22 Metabolism 751
Nutrition and Energy Concept Summary 753
Contents xiii
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
24.9 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the 25.4 The Constituents of Urine 796
Nitrogen Atoms 774 25.5 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 797
24.10 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the 25.6 Acid–Base Balance 799
Carbon Skeleton 778
25.7 Buffer Control of Blood pH 799
24.11 Amino Acid Biosynthesis 781
25.8 Respiratory Control of Blood pH 800
Concept Summary 782
25.9 Urinary Control of Blood pH 800
Key Terms and Concepts 783
25.10 Acidosis and Alkalosis 801
Key Reactions 784
Concept Summary 804
Exercises 785
Key Terms and Concepts 805
Additional Exercises 786
Key Reactions 805
Chemistry for Thought 786
Exercises 805
Allied Health Exam Connection 787
Additional Exercises 806
Case Study 760
Chemistry for Thought 807
ASk AN ExpERT 24.1 Are certain foods better for the
brain? 764 Allied Health Exam Connection 807
STudy SkILLS 24.1 Key Numbers for ATP Case Study 788
Calculations 771 ASk A phARMACIST 25.1 Performance-Enhancing
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 24.1 Pick the Drugs 792
Right Fats 776 Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 25.1 Select the
Chemistry Around us 24.1 Phenylketonuria Right Pre-Exercise Foods 794
(PKU) 779 Chemistry Around us 25.1 Pulse
Chemistry Around us 24.2 Phenylalanine and Oximetry 798
Diet Foods 780 Case Study Follow-up 804
Case Study Follow-up 782
xiv Contents
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
preface
Preface xv
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Revision Summary of Ninth Edition:
Chapter 1:
●● New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask an Expert: Does Food Density Matter When You’re Trying to Lose Weight?
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Are Chemicals Getting a Bad Rap?
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Choose Wisely for Health Information
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 2:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● Updated element table
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Chemical Elements in the Human Body
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Uprooting Herbal Myths
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Take Care of Your Bones
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 3:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Watch the Salt
●● New Chemistry Around Us: A Solar Future
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Transition and Inner-Transition Elements
in Your Smart Phone
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 4:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Are All Iron Preparations Created Equal?
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Consider the Mediterranean Diet
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Ozone: Good up High, Bad Nearby
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 5:
●● New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Add Color to Your Diet
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Teeth Whitening
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Electric Cars
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 6:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Zinc for Colds?
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Get an Accurate Blood Pressure Reading
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Air Travel
●● 10% new Exercises
xvi Preface
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Chapter 7:
●● New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Health Drinks
●● New Chemistry Around Us: CO Emissions: A Blanket around the Earth
2
Chapter 8:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Energy for Sale
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Why “Cold” Does Not Exist
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Use Your Phone to Help You Stay Healthy
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 9:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Beware of Heartburn
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Sinkholes
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 10:
●● New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Medications to Avoid on Test Day
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Check the Radon Level in Your Home
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 11:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Fracking Oil Wells
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Reducing Your Carbon Footprint
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Take Care of Dry Skin
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 12:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Controlled Substances
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Think before Getting Brown
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Three-Dimensional Printers
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Polycarbonate—The Lucky Polymer
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Graphene
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 13:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
Preface xvii
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Marijuana: A Gateway Drug
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Take Advantage of Hand Sanitizers
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 14:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Get the Right Dose of Exercise
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 15:
●● New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Consider Low-Dose Aspirin
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 16:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: A Wake-Up Call for Treating Insomnia
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Try a Little Chocolate
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 17:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Put Fiber into Snacks and Meals
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 18:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Consider Olive Oil
●● New Chemistry Around Us: Biofuels Move into the Kitchen
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 19:
●●
New Case Study
●● New Case Study Follow-up
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Who Really Needs Gluten-Free Food?
●● New Chemistry Around Us: A Milk Primer
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Go for the Good Grains
●● 10% new Exercises
Chapter 20:
●● Several revised figures
●● New photography
●● New Ask a Pharmacist: Treatment Options for the Common Cold
●● New Chemistry Around Us: No Milk Please
●● New Chemistry Tips for Living Well: Cut Back on Processed Meat
●● 10% new Exercises
xviii Preface
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Ferner ersehen wir aus vorstehender Meldung, daß gewaltige
Brände auf die Vögel ähnlich einwirken wie unsere neuzeitlichen
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wohl damit zusammen, daß in jener Zeit die Schweden von Polen
aus nach Sachsen eingerückt waren, und in dem obenerwähnten
Jahre 1706 hier Winterquartier bezogen hatten. Wie im letzten
großen Völkerringen sind wahrscheinlich auch damals die Raben
und Krähen den kämpfenden Massen in großen Scharen gefolgt. Sie
sind erst am Morgen an der Brandstelle eingetroffen, weil sie ihre
Schlafplätze in der Regel nicht vor Tagesanbruch zu verlassen
pflegen.
Fußnoten:
[1] d. h. um den 1. Mai.
[2] Daß die Bienenfresser den Fischen schaden sollen, ist ein
Irrtum, der daher kommt, daß diese Vögel sich auf der Suche
nach Insekten auch an und über Gewässern herumtreiben, wobei
sie möglicherweise einmal ein Insekt von der Wasseroberfläche
aufnehmen.
[3] Sehr unwahrscheinlich erscheint dagegen ein neuerdings
gemeldetes Auftreten von zwölf bis fünfzehn Bienenfressern im
Jahre 1914 im Tale der Biela, die – von den Thyssaer Wänden
kommend – sich bei Königstein in die Elbe ergießt. Leider
mangelt es an jedweder Bestätigung dieses Vorkommens von
fachmännischer Seite. Immerhin sei bei dieser Gelegenheit die
Aufmerksamkeit der Vogelkenner und -freunde auf die
Bienenfresser gelenkt. Vielleicht glückt es doch einem oder dem
anderen, derartige seltene Vögel einmal an geeigneter Stelle
aufzufinden. Aber es sei davor gewarnt, die etwaige Beobachtung
gleich an eine zu große Glocke zu hängen, da sonst die Vögel
der auffälligen Schönheit des Gefieders wegen, leicht
Naturschändern zum Opfer fallen könnten!
[4] Es ist übrigens auch möglich, daß unsere Eisenten auf der
Zschopau überwintert sind und daß sie von hier aus einen
allerdings etwas eigenartigen »Ausflug« unternommen haben.
[5] Das sind nordische Bergfinken, die obigen Namen wegen ihrer
Rufe quäk, quäk erhalten haben.
Der Luchsstein bei Hinterhermsdorf
Forstmeister i. R. Sinz in Naunhof
In Abteilung 49 des Staatsforstrevieres Hinterhermsdorf, unweit
des Raumberges und der Thorwalder Wände, und zwar in dem die
Landesgrenze zwischen Sachsen und Böhmen haltenden
Ziegengrunde, abseits der Wege und Straßen, welche der
gewöhnliche »Schweizwanderer« benützt, befindet sich der
sogenannte Luchsstein. Er besteht aus einem im Waldesdunkel am
schmalen Ziegengrundwege gelegenen, nur wenige Meter von der
Landesgrenze entfernten Sandsteinblock mit Inschrift und
eingehauener Luchsfigur. Die Inschrift lautet: Allhier habe ich Joh.
Gottfried Puttrich, Königlicher Förster aus Hinterhermsdorf einen
Luchs mit einem Selbstschuß erlegt. Anno 1743. Puttrich war
kurfürstlicher Beamter. Der damaligen Gepflogenheit entsprechend
bezeichnete er sich jedoch als königlicher Förster, weil der Kurfürst
von Sachsen gleichzeitig König von Polen war. Inschrift und Luchs
waren Ende des vorigen Jahrhunderts stark verwittert. Der
Unterzeichnete, damals Verwalter des Hinterhermsdorfer
Staatsforstrevieres, ließ sie, so gut es ging, wieder herstellen.
Gegenwärtig ist die Inschrift noch ziemlich gut leserlich. Bubenhände
haben leider den Luchs stark beschädigt und mit üblen Farben
beschmiert. Nach Überlieferungen sollen die letzten Luchse im
Innern Deutschlands 1817 und 1818 im Harz zur Strecke gebracht
worden sein. Ob unser Luchs hier der letzte gewesen ist, der in der
Sächsischen Schweiz erlegt wurde, läßt sich nicht nachweisen.
Jedenfalls gibt uns das Denkmal aber davon Kunde, daß dieses bei
uns nun längst ausgestorbene Raubwild, dem aus jagdlichen
Gründen seinerzeit eifrig nachgestellt wurde, bis zum Jahre 1743 in
dem damals noch mehr wie heute unzugänglichen Gelände noch
hauste.
Der Luchsstein bei Hinterhermsdorf
Die Farbe im Stadtbild
Seit Kriegsende sind vielerorts farbige Übermalungen von
Gebäudeaußenseiten in Aufnahme gekommen und in einer Weise
durchgeführt, die den »Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz«
zur Stellungnahme zwingt.
Den äußeren Anlaß dazu bot die Absicht der alten schönen Stadt
Kamenz, alle Markthäuser durchgehend neu zu übermalen, eine
Absicht, die inzwischen bereits großenteils durchgeführt wurde.
In dem Bemühen, für die hierhergehörigen Fragen, die in jüngster
Zeit eine immer größere Bedeutung erhielten oder zu erhalten
scheinen, eine tunlichst maßgebliche Beantwortung zu erwirken,
bildete der »Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz« einen
Gutachter-Ausschuß, bestehend aus den Herren
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Eine der steilen Straßen steigt zur Kirche hinauf, die seit
fünfhundert Jahren wie eine kleine kantige Burg am Hang die Stadt
bewacht.
Im weißen Schiff unter gotischen Gewölben steht ein Kunstwerk,
das die Besucher von weither in das entlegene Städtchen lockt: der
Ehrenfriedersdorfer Altar.
Fünf Jahre lang, von 1916 bis 1921 war er nach vollzogener
Ausbesserung kleiner Schäden in der Dresdner Gemäldegalerie
untergebracht. Dresden wollte ihn behalten, aber die
Ehrenfriedersdorfer ließen nicht locker und haben ihn nun wieder.
In der Galerie stand er im deutschen Pavillon, in der Gesellschaft
Cranachs. Ein glanzvolles Museumsstück, vor dem die Kunstfreunde
verweilten. Aber ein Museumsstück unter tausend Bildern, von der
Sixtina, von Dürer, Holbein, Rembrandt, Rubens, Correggio,
Giorgione, Tizian, von allen großen Sternen überstrahlt.
Nun steht er wieder in der kleinen weißgetünchten Kirche, in die er
gehört. Orgelklang rauscht wieder über das alte vergoldete Holz.
Beim Eintritt sieht man ihn im Durchblick unter einem Mauerbogen
zwischen schweren Pfeilern leuchten. Im weißen Raum, in dessen
Gewinkel an diesem Tage Schneelicht und Sonnenschein durch
klare Fenster fiel.
Tritt man, des Blickes über die weiten winterlichen Flächen, über
das weiße Tal mit der kleinen blaugedächerten Stadt noch gewärtig,
in die weiße Halle der Kirche ein, so leuchtet der edle Goldglanz des
Altars wie eine milde Sonne über den weißen Höhen der herben
erzgebirgischen Landschaft.
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