‭ TTOMAN‬

O
‭EMPIRE‬
‭The Rise: 1‬

‭By Rahmatulla Kadriinamdar‬

 ‭The Oghuz‬

‭ he Ottoman Empire, also known as the‬

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‭Sultanate-e-Osmania, became very powerful during the‬
‭time of Osman, the great emperor and founder of the‬
‭Ottoman Empire.‬

‭ ghuz Khan is a central figure in the mythological and‬

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‭cultural history of the Turkic peoples. His legendary and‬
‭historical legacy has had a profound impact on the‬
‭formation and identity of the Oghuz Turks and their‬
‭descendants, including the founders of the Seljuk and‬
‭Ottoman Empires. Oghuz Khan had 24 grandsons, each of‬
‭whom founded their tribe due to their wealth. One of these‬
‭24 tribes was the Kayi tribe, among others like Tormesh, Bi‬
‭Temur, Boslo Han, Korkolo, and more. Within the Kayi‬
‭tribe, Kaya Alp was a serdar, and his son Suleiman Shah‬
‭was a great leader. Suleiman Shah had four sons:‬
‭Gondogdu, Ertugrul, Sungurtekin, and Dundar. After his‬
‭death, his second son Ertugrul became the new serdar.‬
‭Ertugrul expanded his land towards the west, conquering‬
‭Byzantine forts with the help and support of the Seljuk‬
‭Sultanate, to which the Kayi Tribe belonged. However,‬
‭their expansion was hindered by the Mongols.‬
 ‭Founder: OSman 1‬

‭ rtugrul had two wives. Halime Sultan was the first, and‬
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‭they had three sons: Gunduz, Savci, and Osman. Gunduz‬
‭was the oldest. After Osman's birth, Halime Sultan died‬
‭suddenly, leaving Osman in need of care. Ertugrul then‬
‭married Ilbilge Hatun. As the sons grew up, Ertugrul was‬
‭diagnosed with cancer and had to travel to Nekia for‬
‭treatment. Meanwhile, Dundar became Serdar, and‬
‭unfortunately, Gundogu passed away. Sungurtekin faced‬
‭challenges under Byzantine circumstances, while the‬
‭Western Roman Empire was at risk from the Mongols. The‬
‭Byzantine and Roman empires formed an alliance named‬
‭the “New Rome” to address the imminent danger.‬
 ‭New serdar‬

‭ rtugrul came to know that he going to expire soon.‬

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‭So he planned to specify his descendent. He was gonna‬
‭take the name but from a Sudden, he died. Dundar was still‬
‭the Serdar but, Bamsi Beyrek Ertugrul’s secret keeper and‬
‭soldier said that he knew who would be the Serdar. He took‬
‭the name “Osman”.Ertugrul selected Osman for his‬
‭bravery. But Dundar was not ready for that. After some‬
‭days, everyone knew that Dundar was having an alliance‬
‭with the Mongols and Romans. So Osman killed Dundar.‬
‭Osman cried a lot but he had to do it. He became Serdar.‬
‭His big brother Savci was jealous. but it was still okay.‬
‭Osman changed the flag.‬

‭T his to This‬
 ‭Rise of the Ottoman Empire‬

‭ sman dreamed of representing his Sultanate and‬

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‭promised to build a successful one.‬
‭T he Story BEGINS:‬

‭T he Land of Kayi looked like this:‬

 ‭CONQUERING CITIES‬

‭ hey had Sogut. They had to conquer Karcahisar castle to‬

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‭go towards other ones. But Tekfur Aya Nikola send some‬
‭army to Karacahisar.‬

‭Who was Aya Nikola?‬

‭ ya Nikola‬‭hails from the royal Roman family and was‬‭raised in‬

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‭Constantinople‬‭. He is shown to be greatly inspired‬‭by Julius‬
‭Caeser and carries his sculpture with him, with whom he talks‬
‭and shares his plans. Nikola was highly ambitious and wished‬
‭to be the next Julius Caesar in the future.‬
 ‭Conquering cities-2‬

‭ sman conquered Karacahisar and then proceeded to‬

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‭advance towards Inegol, which was the largest castle in‬
‭the Serhadi area border. Aya Nikola emerged as the‬
‭commanding officer, acting on the orders of‬
‭ANDRUNIKOS 3‬‭, who was the reigning padisah (King)‬‭of‬
‭the Roman Empire.‬
 ‭Conquering cities-3‬

‭ uring the conflict, Aya Nikola's swift action put Osman in‬
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‭a precarious situation.‬

‭ lue-Ottomans‬
B
‭Pink-Romans‬
 ‭Conquering cities-4‬

I‭ n this deadly war, Savchi, the 2nd son of Ertugrul, passed‬

‭away. Osman and Gunduz were deeply saddened by the‬
‭loss.‬
 ‭Ottoman Rising: Information‬

‭Early Beginnings (1299–1326)‬

‭ ‬‭he Ottoman Empire's origins trace back to the late‬
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‭13th century in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). The‬
‭empire was founded by Osman I, a leader of the‬
‭Turkish tribes in Anatolia. The name "Ottoman" is‬
‭derived from Osman’s name, "Osmanlı" in Turkish.‬

‭1.‬‭Strategic Location: The early Ottomans benefited‬

‭from their strategic position at the crossroads of‬
‭Europe and Asia, which facilitated control over‬
‭key trade routes.‬
‭2.‬‭Military Prowess: Osman I and his successors‬
‭employed highly effective military strategies,‬
‭including the use of light cavalry and later the‬
‭formidable Janissary corps, which became the‬
‭backbone of the Ottoman military.‬
 ‭CONQUERING CITIES-5‬

‭ hey hurried back from the war because of Savchi.‬

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‭T his is the map of Inegol Castle:‬

‭ urgut, One of Osman’s friends had his of army in Inegol‬

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‭which helped Osman conquer.‬
 ‭inegol‬

‭ sman has successfully conquered a large castle, Inegol!‬

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‭But unfortunately, this was the end of Gunduz Bey.‬

‭ his is the map of the Sultanates. Anadolu Selcuklu is an‬

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‭area conquered by the Seljuk Empire. Konya is the capital.‬
‭Germiyan is the place conquered by Germiyanogullari‬
‭Siniri, Which you will come to know ahead. The place‬
‭where Kayi flag is the area captured by them. It comes in‬
‭Selcuklu because now, they didn't capitalize on their‬
‭sultanate. Candaroglu and Germiyan are friends, you will‬
‭come to know that.‬
 ‭Time for a sultanate‬

I‭ t's time, Osman, to build the greatest sultanate and reach‬

‭its peak," the Oghuz Turks said, their voices filled with‬
‭hope and determination. Osman named it‬
‭Sultanate-e-Osmania, bringing joy to all. They now held‬
‭Inegol, Bilecic, Karacahisar, Kulucahisar, Koprohisar,‬
‭Domanic, Sogut, Kestel, and more, and were ready for a‬
‭great conquest. But the challenge lay with the Romans,‬
‭who had seized many cities, bringing impending‬
‭difficulties. The Romans then sent their forces towards‬
‭Osman, prompting him to prepare for battle. But as they‬
‭expanded their empire, they needed a capital city. Before‬
‭the conflict began, he seized the largest city nearby,‬
‭YENISEHIR.‬

‭Pink: Roman empire Green: Ottoman empire‬

 ‭Circumstances‬

‭ ow that they have selected their capital, the Romans have‬

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‭assembled three Tekfurs and one emperor for the battle!‬
‭But before the fight, Osman has kept Iznik in his siege!‬
‭Now this made the King more angry!‬

‭Osman vs Muzalon!‬
‭T heir first big battle!‬

‭ ate of battle:27 July 1302‬

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‭ON NEXT PAGE……‬
 ‭tHE BATTLE OF BAPHEUS‬

‭It's time for the battle. "Allahu Akbar!"‬

‭ attle of Bapheus (1302)‬‭: One of the significant early‬

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‭victories for Osman was the Battle of Bapheus in 1302,‬
‭where he defeated a Byzantine force. This victory‬
‭bolstered his reputation and attracted more followers to‬
‭his cause.‬

I‭ f you don't know about Osman’s family, let me tell you.‬

‭Osman had 2 wives. Malhun and Bala. Bala was his love‬
‭and Malhun was due to the Sultanate. Malhun has 2 kids,‬
‭Fatma and Orhan. Bala also had 2 kids Allaedin and Halime,‬
‭but Halime died at the age of 3 due to some reasons.‬
‭After Halime died, Bala had Cancer for 1 year, she‬
‭recovered after 1 year.‬
 ‭Victory!‬

‭T hey won it! It's a remarkable point in their history!‬

‭T heir map now looked like this:‬

I‭s Osmanli Zaminlari looking small?‬

‭Don't worry, a new story awaits‬

‭ he decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum created a‬

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‭power vacuum in Anatolia. The Seljuks had previously‬
‭dominated the region but were weakened by internal strife‬
‭and external pressures, particularly from the Mongols.‬
‭Osman’s leadership and military successes allowed him to‬
‭consolidate power among the Turkish tribes in the region.‬
‭He established a centralized administration and began to‬
‭build a cohesive state.‬
 ‭The time for the sultanate‬

‭ rhan, Allaedin, and Fatma were grown up now. They‬

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‭knew how to use Sword and Bow. Orhan was talented in‬
‭Sword fighting like his father, and he was also similar to his‬
‭father. While Orhan was interested in sword fighting,‬
‭Allaedin was interested in studies like his grandfather‬
‭Shiekh Edebali. Alaeddin was also an expert in Sword‬
‭fighting. Now all the Mongols and Byzantines were scared‬
‭of Osman. But now, Serhadi Sultanates like‬
‭Gemiyanogullari and Candaroglu were the problem. They‬
‭were stopping Osman from his expansion. But Allaedin had‬
‭love with Gemiyan’s Sultan’s daughter Gonca Hatun.‬

‭ yzantines will not stop, they send over some Tekfur‬

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‭against Osman. Let's see now.‬
‭By the way, this is Germiyan and Candaroglu’s flag for‬
‭your information.‬
‭Gemiyanogullari Candarogullari‬
 ‭Michael kosses‬
‭ ihal Kosses, also known as Köse Mihal or Mihal Gazi,‬
M
‭was a significant figure in the early Ottoman Empire.‬
‭Originally a Byzantine noble and military leader, he was‬
‭the lord (tekfur) of Harmankaya fortress in northwestern‬
‭Turkey. Mihal encountered the Ottomans during their early‬
‭campaigns and eventually converted to Islam, adopting the‬
‭name Köse Mihal. He became a close ally and advisor to‬
‭Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Mihal played‬
‭a crucial role in key battles and sieges, aiding in the‬
‭capture of important fortresses with his strategic‬
‭knowledge and leadership.‬
‭Additionally, he engaged in diplomatic activities, helping to‬
‭negotiate alliances and manage relations with Byzantine‬
‭lords and neighboring beyliks. His alliance with the‬
‭Ottomans symbolized the integration of Byzantine nobility‬
‭into the Ottoman Empire. His descendants, the Mihaloğlu‬
‭family, held prominent positions in the Ottoman military‬
‭and administration. Köse Mihal’s contributions helped lay‬
‭the foundations for the early expansion and consolidation‬
‭of the Ottoman Empire, making him a pivotal figure in its‬
‭history.‬
 ‭Germiyanogullari siniri‬

‭ he Germiyanids, also known as the Germiyanogullari,‬

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‭were a significant Anatolian beylik that played an‬
‭important role in the early history of the Ottoman Empire.‬
‭Emerging in the late 13th century following the decline of‬
‭the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, they were based in the region‬
‭of Kütahya in western Anatolia. Initially, the Germiyanids‬
‭maintained independence and were a powerful entity,‬
‭engaging in alliances and conflicts with neighboring states,‬
‭including the Ottomans. A crucial turning point in their‬
‭relationship with the Ottomans came in 1381 when Yakub I,‬
‭the ruler of the Germiyanids, formed a marriage alliance‬
‭with the Ottomans by marrying his daughter to Sehzade‬
‭Allaedin. This alliance resulted in the cession of several‬
‭territories, including Kütahya, Simav, Tavşanlı, and Emet,‬
‭to the Ottomans as part of her dowry. Despite this alliance,‬
‭the Germiyanids retained a degree of autonomy for some‬
‭time. However, after the defeat of Bayezid I by Tamerlane‬
‭at the Battle of Ankara in 1402, many territories were‬
‭temporarily lost, including those of the Germiyanids. The‬
‭Ottomans reasserted control over the region under Sultan‬
‭Murad II, and in 1428-1429, the last Germiyanid ruler,‬
‭Yakub II, bequeathed his remaining territories to the‬
‭Ottoman Empire upon his death, ending the independent‬
‭existence of the Germiyanid Beylik. Known for their‬
‭patronage of culture and the arts, the Germiyanids‬
‭enriched Ottoman culture, particularly in Kütahya, which‬
‭became an important cultural and administrative center.‬
 ‭Germiyanogullari siniri-2‬

‭ he territories acquired from the Germiyanids provided‬

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‭the Ottomans with a strategic advantage in their expansion‬
‭efforts in western Anatolia, with cities and fortresses in‬
‭the region playing crucial roles in subsequent military‬
‭campaigns and administrative organization. The‬
‭Germiyanids' strategic alliances, territorial transfers, and‬
‭eventual incorporation significantly contributed to the‬
‭early expansion and consolidation of the Ottoman Empire‬
‭in Anatolia.‬

‭T his is the map of Germiyan at that time:‬

 ‭Germiyanogullari siniri-3‬

‭ aqub Bey, the Sultan of the Germiyan, became vulnerable‬

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‭because of Osman. He had to take action to stop Alaeddin‬
‭and Gonca's love, but first, he needed some rest. He‬
‭sought refuge in Kutahya Kalesi (Castle). In the meantime,‬
‭he assigned the task to his son, Mehmet Bey, who was‬
‭skilled in planning. As Candaroglu was a powerful‬
‭Sultanate, they allied with them. Mehmet proposed to‬
‭Ibrahim Sultan, "Your son Ahmet Bey should marry my‬
‭sister Gonca. By uniting, we can conquer the world." They‬
‭were scheming against Osman. Gonca Hatun and Ahmad‬
‭Bey's marriage was arranged and on the same evening,‬
‭they rescued a Serdar named Gunduz Bey, who claimed to‬
‭be from the Kayi Tribe and descended from Hayme Ana,‬
‭Ertugrul's mother. He had a daughter named Elcim Hatun.‬
‭Osman saw this as an opportunity. To ally, he planned a‬
‭marriage between Orhan Bey and Elcim Hatun. However,‬
‭the problem arose when Orhan had to choose between‬
‭marrying Holofira, his teenage love, or Elcim Hatun for the‬
‭sake of his Sultanate. He decided to marry Elcim. On the‬
‭night of their marriage, Aladdin attempted to kidnap Gonca‬
‭Hatun. He succeeded, but a Mongol named Ulcayto, a‬
‭soldier under Ibrahim Sultan, killed Ahmed bey to incite‬
‭conflict between Osman and Ibrahim Sultan. They‬
‭announced an Adalet (Court) to find out who killed Ahmed‬
‭Bey. Ibrahim Sultan’s wife used Black Magic to kill Gonca‬
‭and Aleaddin. But she was unsurpassed to kill Allaedin.‬
‭Adalet decided to remove Yaqup Bey and Ibrahim Sultan.‬
‭Bursa Circumstances: Orhan.‬

I‭ t is time for Bursa now. Orhan was very interested in the‬

‭conquer of Bursa. All the Serhadi beyliks now supported‬
‭Osman. They kept the Bursa under Circumstances that‬
‭Andrunikos 3, The king of the Roman empire had to send a‬
‭powerful Tekfur against Osman. It was Konstantin, The‬
‭best emperor in the Roman Empire.‬

‭T his is an Image of Bursa,‬

 ‭Constantine: the great‬

‭ mperor Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius‬

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‭Constantinus), who ruled from 306 to 337 AD, is a pivotal‬
‭figure in Roman and Christian history. Born on February‬
‭27, circa 272 AD, in Naissus (modern-day Niš, Serbia), he‬
‭was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army‬
‭officer, and Helena, later known as Saint Helena. After his‬
‭father died in 306 AD, Constantine was proclaimed‬
‭emperor by his troops and rose to power as a tetrarch,‬
‭initially sharing control with other rulers in the divided‬
‭Roman Empire. One of his most significant legacies is his‬
‭conversion to Christianity, which, according to historical‬
‭accounts, occurred after experiencing a vision before the‬
‭Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, where he saw a cross in‬
‭the sky with the words "In this sign, you will conquer."‬
‭Following his victory, he became a staunch supporter of‬
‭Christianity. In 313 AD, Constantine, along with Licinius,‬
‭issued the Edict of Milan, granting religious tolerance‬
‭throughout the Roman Empire and allowing Christians to‬
‭worship freely, thus ending years of persecution. He‬
‭convened the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD to address‬
‭theological disputes within Christianity, resulting in the‬
‭Nicene Creed, a foundational statement of Christian faith.‬
‭In 330 AD, he founded the city of Constantinople‬
‭(modern-day Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman‬
‭Empire.‬
 ‭Constantine: The Great 2‬

‭ onstantine implemented numerous military and‬

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‭administrative reforms, reorganizing the Roman army and‬
‭establishing a mobile field army to respond to threats more‬
‭effectively, as well as restructuring the administrative‬
‭divisions of the empire into dioceses and prefectures. He‬
‭and his mother, Helena, were also responsible for‬
‭constructing several important churches, including the‬
‭Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Old St.‬
‭Peter's Basilica in Rome. Constantine the Great's reign‬
‭marked a significant turning point in Roman history,‬
‭particularly in the relationship between the Roman state‬
‭and Christianity. His support for Christianity played a‬
‭crucial role in its spread and eventual establishment as the‬
‭dominant religion of the Roman Empire. Venerated as a‬
‭saint in both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman‬
‭Catholic Church, Constantine died on May 22, 337 AD, and‬
‭was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in‬
‭Constantinople, leaving a profound impact on history,‬
‭especially in shaping the Christian world.‬
Wanna read more ?‬
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‭o check out The‬

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Ottoman Empire 2,‬
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which is in‬
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‭ HANK YOU, FOR READING‬
T
‭THIS SHORT RESEARCH‬
‭BOOK OF OURS….‬

‭REGARDS,‬

‭ AHMATULLA‬
R
‭KADRIINAMDAR‬

AN RK BOOKS PVT LTD BOOK.‬

‭

‭ ANNA TRY MORE BOOKS,‬

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‭TRY THESE,‬
‭1. OTTOMAN EMPIRE 2 2. OTTOMAN EMPIRE 3‬

‭4. OTTOMAN EMPIRE: THE FALL 5. ABAN JOSEPH‬

‭6. THE ONE MAN ARMY 7. FIRE FOR LIVES‬