Tagore AcademyPublic

School TOPIC :-

Session : 2024-2025 THE UNSUNG HERO’S OF

FREEDOM OF INDIA
S u b m i t t e d T o : Ms. Mena Vadehra

S u b m i t t e d B y: D h r u v P a t e l

Class : XII

Roll No. : 11
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to my English teacher Ms.Mena who helped me to
analysis of this project, made my cocepts more clear and enhance
my knowledge about the topic.

I am also very thankful to my princpal ,classmate and frriends whose

guidance and support helped me to complete this project on time .I am
also thankful to CBSE for giving me such an opportunity for making this
project and giving appropriate instruction for completing the project

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTENAL EXAMINER

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Dhru Patel of class -XII, Tagore
Academy Public School , Faridabad has completed this
project under my supervision . He has taken proper and
sincerity of this project . I certify that this is up to my
expectation and as per the guideline issued by C.B.S.E

Teacher’s Signature
 INDEX
S.No PARTICULARS PAGE REMARKS

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
2 STORY OF FREEDOM 4-9
3 UNSUNG HEROES OF
FREEDOM OF INDIA:- 10
Abdul Ghaffar Khan 11-13
Matangini Hazra 14-16
Birsa Munda 17-19
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi 20-22
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay 23-25
44 QUESTIONNAIRE 26-31

CONCLUSION 32
5

BIBLIOGRPHY
33
6
 INTRODUCTION
On August 15, 1947, India achieved independence from British colonial
rule, marking the end of a 200-year-long struggle for freedom. This
monumental day was the culmination of an arduous and relentless
battle fought by countless Indians, who yearned for sovereignty and
self-governance. The Indian freedom movement was characterized by a
diverse array of strategies and philosophies, but it was united in its
unwavering commitment to liberate the nation. Central to this
movement were visionary leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who
championed non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, and figures
such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose, who
each contributed uniquely to the cause.
Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and Satyagraha mobilized
millions across the country, transcending barriers of caste, creed, and
religion. His campaigns, including the Salt March and the Quit India
Movement, galvanized the masses and drew global attention to India's
quest for freedom. Meanwhile, leaders like Nehru worked tirelessly to
articulate a vision of an independent India that was secular,
democratic, and progressive. Patel's efforts in unifying the princely
states and Bose's audacious attempts to forge alliances against
colonial powers highlighted the multifaceted nature of the
independence struggle.

The struggle for Indian independence was not confined to political maneuvers
alone; it was also a cultural renaissance. Artists, poets, and writers played a
significant role in awakening national consciousness. Rabindranath Tagore,
through his literary works and the national anthem "Jana Gana Mana," instilled a
 sense of pride and unity among Indians. The rise of indigenous
ndustries, as encouraged by movements like the Swadeshi Movement,
sought to break free from economic dependency on the British.

The price of freedom was steep, paid with the blood, sweat, and tears
of innumerable patriots. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the sacrifices
of Bhagat Singh and his comrades, and the countless unsung heroes
who endured imprisonment and torture, all underscore the immense
sacrifices made in the name of freedom. Partition, which accompanied
independence, brought its own set of tragedies, displacing millions and
sowing seeds of communal strife that are felt even today.
 STORY OF FREEDOM
The struggle for freedom in India was a complex and multifaceted journey
that spanned nearly two centuries, culminating in the nation's independence
on August 15, 1947. This monumental achievement was the result of relentless
efforts, sacrifices, and an unyielding spirit among countless Indians who
fought against the oppressive British colonial rule. The journey to
independence was marked by various phases, each characterized by distinct
movements, strategies, and leaders who contributed uniquely to the cause.
 The early resistance to British rule can be traced back to the late 18th and early 19th
centuries, with revolts such as the Sanyasi and Fakir Rebellion and the Vellore
Mutiny. However, it was the First War of Indian Independence in 1857, also known as
the Sepoy Mutiny, that marked a significant turning point. Although ultimately
unsuccessful, this uprising ignited a nationalistic fervor and highlighted the
widespread discontent against colonial exploitation and oppression.

The late 19th century saw the rise of socio-religious reform movements that laid the
groundwork for a broader nationalistic movement. Leaders like Raja Ram Mohan
Roy, Swami Vivekananda, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak inspired a sense of pride in
India's cultural and spiritual heritage while advocating for social and political
 The formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 provided a
platform for political dialogue and the articulation of demands for greater
self-governance.
The early 20th century witnessed the emergence of Mahatma Gandhi as a
central figure in the freedom struggle. Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence
(Ahimsa) and
civil disobedience (Satyagraha) became the cornerstone of the independence
movement. His campaigns, including the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-
22), the Salt March (1930), and the Quit India Movement (1942), mobilized
millions across the country, transcending barriers of caste, creed, and
religion. These movements demonstrated the power of collective non-violent
resistance and drew international attention to India's plight.
 Parallel to Gandhi's efforts, leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose played crucial roles. Nehru's vision for a secular
and democratic India, Patel's efforts in unifying the princely states, and Bose's
formation of the Indian National Army (INA) to fight against British forces
highlighted the diverse approaches within the freedom struggle. The sacrifices of
revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and countless others
who embraced armed resistance further underscored the depth of commitment to
the cause.

The freedom movement was also a cultural renaissance, with poets, writers,
and artists contributing to the nationalistic spirit. Rabindranath Tagore's
.
literary works and the rise of indigenous industries, as encouraged by
movements like the
 Swadeshi Movement, aimed at economic self-sufficiency and breaking
free from colonial dependency.
The journey to independence was fraught with immense challenges and sacrifices.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, the harsh repression of dissent, and the
countless lives lost or irreparably altered by the struggle underscore the high cost of
freedom. Partition, which accompanied independence, brought its own set of
tragedies, displacing millions and leaving a legacy of communal strife.
Despite these challenges, the struggle for freedom in India remains a
testament to the resilience, courage, and unity of its people. It symbolizes
the triumph of justice over tyranny and continues to inspire future
generations. The legacy of India's freedom struggle is a powerful reminder
of the values of dignity, equality, and peace for which the nation stands.
THE UNSUNG HEROES OF FREEDOM OF INDIA

Abdul Birsa Munda Kamaladevi

Ghaffar Khan Chattopadhyay

Matangini Hazra Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi

 Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha
Khan or the Frontier Gandhi, was a towering
figure in the history of South Asian
independence and social reform. Born in 1890
in the Peshawar Valley of British India (now in
Pakistan), Khan emerged as a pivotal leader
advocating for non-violent resistance against
British colonial rule. Inspired by Mahatma
Gandhi, he founded the Khudai
Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement in 1929, promoting
non-violence and social justice
 among the Pashtun people. The movement mobilized thousands,
emphasizing education, human rights, and communit development.

Khan's philosophy was deeply rooted in Islamic principles and Pashtun

cultural values, which he harmonized with the Gandhian ethos of non-
violence. He believed that true freedom could only be achieved through
self-discipline and moral integrity. His efforts extended beyond political
activism; he was a staunch advocate for women's rights and education,
challenging the deeply entrenched patriarchal norms of his society.
Despite facing brutal repression, including imprisonment and torture by
the British, Khan remained steadfast in his commitment to peaceful
resistance.
 After the partition of India in 1947, Khan's vision for an inclusive, non-
violent society faced new challenges. He opposed the partition and was
critical of both the Indian and Pakistani governments for their treatment
of minorities and their failure to uphold democratic principles. In
Pakistan, he and his followers endured significant persecution, yet his
influence persisted, symbolizing the enduring power of non-violence
and social justice.
Abdul Ghaffar Khan's legacy is a testament to the profound impact of
non-violent resistance and the relentless pursuit of justice. His life's
work continues to inspire movements for peace and human rights
worldwide, demonstrating that courage and compassion can transcend
the most formidable barriers.
 Matangini Hazra
Matangini Hazra was a remarkable freedom fighter who
played a significant role in India's struggle for
independence from British rule. Born on October 17,
1870, in the village of Hogla, near Tamluk in West
Bengal, Hazra emerged as a dedicated activist despite
her humble beginnings and limited formal education.
Her involvement in the Indian independence movement
began in earnest in the 1930s when she joined the Civil
Disobedience Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. She was arrested multiple
times for participating in protests, but her resolve only strengthened with each
imprisonment.
Hazra's most notable contribution came during the Quit India Movement
in 1942, a mass protest demanding an end to British rule in India. At the
age of 73, she led a large procession of freedom fighters to take over the
Tamluk police station. Demonstrating extraordinary courage, she
marched at the forefront, carrying the Indian national flag and chanting
anti-British slogans. When the procession faced police resistance, Hazra
continued to advance, undeterred by the threat of violence. She was shot
multiple times by the police, but even in her final moments, she clung to
the flag, urging her fellow protestors to march forward.

Matangini Hazra's martyrdom made her a symbol of the sacrifices made

by countless Indians in the fight for freedom. Her fearless dedication to
the cause of independence highlighted the critical role women played in
 the movement. She became affectionately known as "Gandhi Buri," or
the old lady Gandhi, reflecting her deep admiration for Mahatma
Gandhi's principles and her steadfast commitment to non-violence.
Today, Hazra's legacy lives on as a testament to the power of grassroots
activism and the profound impact of ordinary individuals in shaping the
course of history. Her bravery and sacrifice continue to inspire
generations, underscoring the enduring spirit of resistance against
oppression
 Bisra Munda
Birsa Munda, a seminal figure in the Indian tribal
movement, was born on November 15, 1875, in Ulihatu,
present-day Jharkhand. Birsa emerged as a charismatic
leader and a symbol of resistance against British
colonial rule and the exploitation of tribal communities.
Growing up in a Munda family, he witnessed firsthand
the hardships faced by his people due to oppressive

land policies and the forced displacement by British authorities and local
landlords (dikus). These experiences fueled his resolve to fight for tribal rights
and reclaim their ancestral lands
 In the late 1890s, Birsa became the spearhead of the Munda Rebellion, also
known as the Ulgulan (The Great Tumult), against British colonial rule and
missionary activities. His movement sought to establish Munda Raj and remove
the British government and missionaries from tribal lands. Birsa advocated for
the restoration of the traditional agrarian system, emphasizing self-rule and the
protection of tribal culture and customs. His vision also included social reforms,
addressing issues like the introduction of debt bondage and the prohibition of
alcohol consumption.
Birsa’s spiritual and political leadership attracted a massive following among the
tribals, who revered him as a messianic figure. His call for rebellion in 1899 led to
widespread mobilization and significant clashes with the British forces. Despite
being arrested and imprisoned multiple times, his influence only grew stronger.
Birsa was finally captured in February 1900, and he died in British custody on
June 9, 1900, under mysterious circumstances.
 Birsa Munda's legacy endures as a powerful symbol of indigenous resistance
and the fight for justice. He is remembered as a hero who challenged colonial
authority and worked tirelessly to protect the rights and dignity of his people.
In recognition of his contributions, his birth anniversary is celebrated as
Jharkhand Day, and he is honored throughout India for his unwavering
commitment to the tribal cause and his role in India's broader struggle for
independence.
 Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, born on October 26, 1890,
in Hathgaon, Uttar Pradesh, was a prominent
journalist, freedom fighter, and social reformer who
played a crucial role in India's struggle for
independence. His early life was marked by academic
excellence and a deep sense of social justice, which
propelled him into realm of activism and journalism

He began his career as a teacher, but soon transitioned to journalism,

recognizing the power of the written word in mobilizing public opinion
against British colonial rule.
 Vidyarthi founded the influential weekly newspaper "Pratap" in 1913, through
which he vehemently criticized British policies and highlighted the plight of the
Indian masses. His writings were characterized by their fervent nationalism and
unwavering commitment to truth and justice. "Pratap" became a voice for the
voiceless, championing the causes of peasants, laborers, and the underprivileged,
and exposing the injustices perpetrated by the colonial government and local
elites.
A close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Vidyarthi was deeply inspired by the
principles of non-violence and satyagraha. He actively participated in various
movements, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil
Disobedience Movement, often facing imprisonment for his activism. His
leadership extended beyond journalism, as he organized and led protests,
strikes, and campaigns against oppressive policies, earning the respect and
admiration of both his peers and the general public.
Tragically, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi's life was cut short during the communal
riots in Kanpur in 1931. In a selfless act of bravery, he intervened to save lives and
promote peace, ultimately sacrificing his own life in the process. Vidyarthi's
martyrdom left a profound impact on the Indian independence movement,
cementing his legacy as a fearless advocate for unity, social justice, and national
freedom. Today, he is remembered as a hero who fought not just for political
independence, but for a society rooted in equality and justice for all.
 Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, born on April 3, 1903, in
Mangalore, Karnataka, was a remarkable freedom
fighter, social reformer, and cultural icon who made
significant contributions to India’s independence
movement and post-independence cultural renaissance.
Coming from a progressive family, Kamaladevi was
exposed to social activism from a young age. Her

education and early widowhood did not deter her; instead, they fueled her
resolve to work towards social change and women’s empowerment.
 Kamaladevi was actively involved in the Indian freedom struggle, particularly
through the Salt Satyagraha in 1930. She was one of the first women to court
arrest for breaking the salt law, a bold move that inspired many others to join the
movement. Her activism extended to the Quit India Movement, where she
played a key role in mobilizing women and organizing protests against British
rule.
Beyond her political activism, Kamaladevi was a pioneer in the field of social
reform and cultural preservation. She founded the All India Women’s
Conference (AIWC) in 1927, which became a platform for advocating women's
rights, education, and social reforms. She was instrumental in reviving and
promoting Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and traditional arts, recognizing their
cultural and economic significance. Kamaladevi established institutions such as
the Crafts Council of India and the National School of Drama, which played
 crucial roles in preserving India’s artistic heritage.

Kamaladevi's efforts also extended to refugee rehabilitation after the partition

of India in 1947, where she worked tirelessly to provide relief and support to
displaced persons. Her vision and dedication to cultural and social causes
earned her numerous accolades, including the Padma Bhushan and the
Padma Vibhushan.
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay's legacy is a testament to her multifaceted
contributions to Indian society. She remains an enduring symbol of courage,
creativity, and compassion, inspiring future generations to pursue social
justice and cultural preservation with the same fervor and commitment.
QUIZ
TIME
1.Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan, was primarily
associated with which movement?
A. Khilafat Movement
B. Khudai Khidmatgar Movement
C. Quit India Movement
D. Swadeshi Movement

2.Matangini Hazra was known for her participation in which major

event during India's freedom struggle?
A. Non-Cooperation Movement
B. Civil Disobedience Movement
C. Quit India Movement
D. Salt Satyagraha
3.Birsa Munda led a significant tribal uprising against British rule.
What was this uprising called?
A. Santhal Rebellion
B. Munda Rebellion
C. Bhil Revolt
D. Kol Uprising

4.Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi was a renowned journalist and freedom

fighter. He founded which influential newspaper?
A. Kesari
B. Pratap
C. Hindustan
D. Amrita Bazar Patrika
5. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay is credited with revitalizing which aspect
of Indian culture post-independence?
A. Indian Classical Music
B. Indian Handicrafts and Handlooms
C. Indian Cinema
D. Indian Dance Forms
6.Which unsung hero led a procession to take over the Tamluk police
station during the Quit India Movement at the age of 73?
A. Abdul Ghaffar Khan
B. Matangini Hazra
C. Birsa Munda
D. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
7.Who among the following founded the All India Women’s Conference
(AIWC) in 1927 to advocate for women’s rights and education?
A. Sarojini Naidu
B. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
C. Annie Besant
D. Vijayalakshmi Pandit

8.Birsa Munda is most closely associated with which region in India?

A. Punjab
B. Odisha
C. Jharkhand
D. Rajasthan
 9.Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi's life ended tragically during
communal riots in which city?
A. Kanpur
B. Lucknow
C. Patna
. D. Allahabad

10. Abdul Ghaffar Khan’s philosophy and movement were heavily

influenced by which prominent Indian leader?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
 CONCLUSIONS
The unsung heroes of India's freedom struggle represent a pantheon of extraordinary individuals whose sacrifices and
contributions, though often overshadowed by more prominent figures, were integral to the country's journey toward
independence. Figures like Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Matangini Hazra, Birsa Munda, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, and
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay exemplify the diverse and multifaceted nature of the movement, each bringing unique
strengths and perspectives to the fight against colonial rule.

Abdul Ghaffar Khan's steadfast commitment to non-violence and social reform among the Pashtuns, Matangini
Hazra's fearless leadership during the Quit India Movement, Birsa Munda's resolute stand for tribal rights, Ganesh
Shankar Vidyarthi's pioneering role in journalism and activism, and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay's dedication to
cultural revival and women's empowerment collectively highlight the widespread and inclusive nature of the struggle.

Their stories remind us that the fight for freedom was not just about political independence but also about
social justice, cultural preservation, and human dignity. These heroes worked tirelessly to uplift the marginalized,
challenge oppressive systems, and lay the foundations for a more equitable society. Their legacies continue to
inspire and serve as a powerful testament to the enduring spirit of resistance and the importance of
recognizing and honoring the contributions of all those who fought for India's freedom.

In remembering these unsung heroes, we acknowledge the depth and breadth of the independence
movement and reaffirm our commitment to the principles of justice, equality, and non-violence that they so
valiantly championed. Their sacrifices underscore the collective effort and unity required to achieve
monumental change, offering timeless lessons for current and future generations striving for a better
world.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAT GPT
WIKIPEDIA
FLUENTU.COM
THE WIRE.COM

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