‭ ame : Umaiza‬

N
‭Kadriinamadar‬

‭GRADE: 4B‬

‭SUBJECT: Social studies‬

‭Topic: F.A 1 activity‬

 ‭China‬
‭India’s neighboring country‬

‭●‬‭ABOUT CHINA‬

‭China, officially known as the People's Republic of‬

‭China (PRC), is in East Asia. It is the world's‬
‭third-largest country by area, covering approximately‬
‭9.6 million square kilometers, and the most populous‬
‭country, with over 1.4 billion people. The country‬
‭shares borders with 14 nations, including India,‬
‭Russia, and Mongolia, and has a diverse landscape‬
‭that includes mountains, plateaus, deserts, and‬
‭rivers. China features diverse geographical‬
‭landscapes, including the vast Gobi and Taklamakan‬
‭deserts in the north, the rugged Himalayas along its‬
‭southwestern border, and numerous major rivers‬
‭such as the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.‬
 ‭●‬‭cAPITAL‬

‭Beijing: The Capital of China‬

‭B‭e
‬ ijing, the capital city of the People's Republic of China, is one of the world's‬
‭most populous and historically rich cities. It serves as the country's political,‬
‭cultural, and educational center, playing a pivotal role in China's development and‬
‭international presence. Beijing is located in northern China, bordered by Hebei‬
‭Province and the municipality of Tianjin. The city covers an area of‬
‭approximately 16,410.5 square kilometers. Its landscape includes mountains.‬
‭North, west, and northeast, with flat plains to the southeast. The city‬
‭experiences a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate, characterized by‬
‭hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Beijing is a city of immense historical‬
‭significance and modern influence, embodying the cultural heritage and dynamic‬
‭progress of China. Its role as the capital makes it central to understanding‬
‭China's past, present, and future‬

‭.‬
 ‭●‬ ‭CURRENCY‬

T‭ he Currency of China: Renminbi‬

‭(RMB)‬

‭The official currency of China is the Renminbi (RMB), which translates to "People's Currency."‬
‭The primary unit of the Renminbi is the yuan (¥), often abbreviated as CNY (Chinese Yuan) in‬
‭international contexts. The symbol for the yuan is ¥, and it is further divided into smaller units‬
‭called jiao and fen.‬

‭The Renminbi was introduced by the People's Bank of China (PBOC) in December 1948, shortly‬
‭before the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The currency replaced various‬
‭regional currencies that were in circulation during the Republic of China era and periods of‬
‭warlordism. Over time, the RMB has undergone several series of redesigns to improve security‬
‭features and design elements.‬

‭Denominations‬

‭The RMB is available in both coins and banknotes:‬

‭●‬ ‭Coins‬‭: 1 yuan, 5 jiao, and 1 jiao.‬

‭●‬ ‭Banknotes‬‭: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yuan. Lower denominations, such as 1 jiao and 5 jiao,‬
‭also exist but are less commonly used.‬

‭The design of the RMB banknotes and coins often features prominent Chinese leaders,‬
‭landmarks, and cultural symbols. For instance, the 100 yuan note prominently features the‬
‭portrait of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People's Republic of China. With ongoing‬
‭efforts to internationalize the currency and the development of a digital yuan.‬
 ‭●‬‭ABOUT CHINAS LANGUAGE‬

‭China is a linguistically diverse country with a rich tapestry of languages and dialects.‬
‭The official language is Mandarin Chinese, known as‬‭Putonghua‬‭(普通话), which means‬
‭"common speech." Mandarin is spoken by the majority of the population and is the‬
‭language of government, education, and media. However, there are numerous other‬
‭languages and dialects spoken across the country, reflecting its ethnic and regional‬
‭diversity.‬

‭Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)‬

‭●‬ ‭Official Language‬‭: Mandarin is the official language of China and is used in‬
‭official documents, education, and media.‬
‭●‬ ‭Standardized Form‬‭: Putonghua is based on the Beijing dialect and is the‬
‭standardized form of spoken Chinese.‬
‭●‬ ‭Writing System‬‭: Mandarin uses Chinese characters, which are logograms. Each‬
‭character represents a word or a meaningful part of a word. Simplified Chinese‬
‭characters are used in mainland China, while Traditional Chinese characters are‬
‭used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.‬
‭●‬ ‭Pinyin‬‭: Pinyin is the Romanization system for Mandarin Chinese, used to teach‬
‭pronunciation and input Chinese characters on digital devices.‬
‭●‬ ‭The Chinese government promotes Putonghua as a means of fostering national‬
‭unity and communication. Mandarin is the medium of instruction in schools across‬
‭the country, and proficiency in Mandarin is essential for academic and‬
‭professional success.‬
‭●‬ ‭However, regional languages and dialects are also recognized and protected.‬
‭Ethnic minority languages are taught in schools in areas with significant minority‬
‭populations, and there are efforts to preserve and promote these languages‬
 ‭●‬‭ABOUT CHINA”‬‭S FOOD‬

‭Chinese Food: A Culinary Journey‬

‭Chinese cuisine is one of the most diverse and celebrated culinary traditions in‬
‭the world. Known for its rich flavors, varied ingredients, and unique cooking‬
‭techniques, Chinese food offers an extensive array of dishes that reflect the‬
‭country’s geographical and cultural diversity. Each region in China boasts its own‬
‭distinct style of cooking, resulting in a culinary landscape that is both vast and‬
‭deeply rooted in tradition.‬

‭Chinese food is a rich and diverse culinary tradition that reflects the‬
‭country’s vast geography and cultural heritage. From the spicy dishes of‬
‭Sichuan to the delicate flavors of Zhejiang, Chinese cuisine offers‬
‭something for every palate, making it a beloved and integral part of global‬
‭food culture.‬

‭Each region of China boasts its unique culinary traditions, resulting in a wide‬
‭array of flavors and dishes. For instance, Cantonese cuisine from Guangdong‬
‭Province emphasizes fresh ingredients and light seasoning.‬
 ‭●‬‭ABOUT CHINA’S DRESS‬
‭Traditional Chinese Dress‬

‭Chinese clothing is a reflection of the country's rich heritage and diverse‬

‭ethnic traditions. Traditional Chinese dress varies significantly across regions,‬
‭with some styles becoming emblematic of Chinese culture.‬

‭Hanfu‬

‭The Hanfu (汉服), meaning "Han clothing," is the traditional attire of the Han‬
‭Chinese, dating back over 3,000 years. It features wide sleeves, a crossed‬
‭collar, and a sash or belt, often made from silk or cotton with intricate‬
‭embroidery. Today, it is worn mainly during cultural festivals and ceremonies.‬

‭Qipao (Cheongsam)‬

‭Originating in early 20th century Shanghai, the Qipao (旗袍) is a modern,‬

‭elegant dress known for its form-fitting design, high collar, and side slits. It is‬
‭typically worn for formal events and celebrations like Chinese New Year.‬

‭Tang Suit‬

‭The Tang suit (唐装), evolving from the Qing Dynasty’s attire, features a‬
‭mandarin collar and frog buttons with embroidered designs. It is worn during‬
‭traditional festivals and formal occasions.‬

‭Conclusion‬

‭Traditional Chinese dress, from the Hanfu and Qipao to ethnic minority attire,‬
‭symbolizes China's rich history and cultural diversity, continuing to inspire with‬
‭its beauty and significance.‬
 ‭●‬‭ABOUT CHINA’S FESTIVAL‬
‭One of China's most popular and widely celebrated festivals is the Chinese New Year, also‬
‭known as the Spring Festival. This festival is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture and is the‬
‭most important traditional holiday in China. Here are some key aspects of the Chinese New‬
‭Year festival:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Timing: Chinese New Year follows the lunar calendar and typically falls between late‬
‭January and mid-February.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Symbolism: It marks the beginning of the lunar new year and is associated with the‬
‭arrival of spring, symbolizing new beginnings, family reunion, and the renewal of‬
‭life.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Traditions:‬
‭○‬ ‭Family Reunion: It's a time for families to come together from near and‬
‭far, often being the only time during the year when many families can‬
‭gather.‬
‭○‬ ‭Feasting: Special foods like dumplings (jiaozi) and fish are eaten for their‬
‭symbolic meanings of wealth and prosperity.‬
‭○‬ ‭Fireworks and Firecrackers: These are traditionally used to drive away evil‬
‭spirits and welcome the new year with joyous noise.‬
‭○‬ ‭Red Decorations: Red is the predominant color, symbolizing good luck and‬
‭happiness. Red lanterns, couplets (poetic phrases), and decorations adorn‬
‭homes and streets.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Activities: During Chinese New Year, there are various cultural activities such as‬
‭dragon and lion dances, lantern festivals, visiting temples to pray for good fortune,‬
‭and giving and receiving red envelopes (hongbao) containing money, especially among‬
‭younger generations.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Global Celebration: Chinese communities around the world also celebrate Chinese‬
‭New Year, making it one of the most significant and internationally recognized‬
‭festivals in Chinese culture.‬

‭The Chinese New Year festival is not only a time of celebration but also emphasizes‬
‭cultural values such as respect for ancestors, filial piety, and the importance of family‬
‭unity, making it a cherished and culturally rich tradition in China and beyond.‬
 ‭●‬‭WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT CHINA?‬
‭China is a country with a multitude of unique aspects that make it special and‬
‭distinct:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Rich Cultural Heritage‬‭: China boasts a history spanning‬‭thousands of‬

‭years, with a rich cultural heritage that has left enduring legacies in art,‬
‭literature, philosophy, and traditions.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Diverse Landscapes‬‭: From the towering peaks of the‬‭Himalayas to the‬
‭vast plains of the Yangtze River, China's landscape is incredibly diverse‬
‭and includes deserts, forests, mountains, and rivers.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Culinary Tradition‬‭: Chinese cuisine is celebrated worldwide for its‬
‭diversity, flavors, and regional variations. Each region has its own‬
‭specialty dishes, ingredients, and cooking techniques.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Innovative Technology‬‭: China is a global leader in technology and‬
‭innovation, with advancements in areas such as telecommunications,‬
‭high-speed rail, renewable energy, and space exploration.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Language‬‭: The Chinese language, with its intricate characters and tonal‬
‭system, is one of the oldest and most widely spoken languages in the‬
‭world, reflecting China's linguistic richness.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Cultural Festivals‬‭: China's festivals, such as Chinese New Year,‬
‭Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival, are vibrant celebrations‬
‭deeply rooted in Chinese culture and traditions.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Economic Powerhouse‬‭: China is the world's second-largest economy by‬
‭nominal GDP and plays a crucial role in global trade, manufacturing, and‬
‭investment.‬
‭8.‬ ‭Ancient Philosophy‬‭: Chinese philosophy, including Confucianism, Taoism,‬
‭and Buddhism, has had a profound influence not only in China but also‬
‭globally, shaping ethical and spiritual beliefs.‬
‭9.‬ ‭Arts and Crafts‬‭: Traditional Chinese arts such as calligraphy, painting,‬
‭porcelain, and silk weaving are highly esteemed for their beauty,‬
‭craftsmanship, and cultural significance.‬
‭10.‬‭Global Influence‬‭: China's influence extends beyond its borders through‬
‭its diaspora communities, cultural exports like martial arts and cuisine,‬
‭and initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative.‬
‭REGARDS,‬

‭UMAIZA KADRIINAMDAR‬