Introduction and utilizing of natural energy

in Net ZEB practice

−Takenaka Corporation Higashi-kanto Branch Office

2018.10.5
Renewable Energy Institute / Green Building Symposium

Takenaka Corporation Hiroaki Takai

Background
Large buildings

Promotion of
Energy saving Renovation of Existing
middle and small stock buildings 98 %

• Offices with 10,000 m2 or less occupy 98% in Middle and

Japan. Small buildings
• Middle and small stock buildings renovation
for energy saving is effective to save energy.
Proportion of existing
building in Japan

Feature of existing small buildings

• Minimization of perimeter load is
essential for energy saving.
• Renovation without leaving is
important for occupants.
• Comfort is also important.

Renovation of Façade and

Interior without leaving
Renovation of this office
Small office, Location is Chiba City in Japan, gross floor area 1,318 ㎡ *1,318 m2 = 14,187 ft2
Completion in 2003, and Renovation completion in 2016.

Nov./2003 Mar./2016

Office Currently in Use (12 years) ZEB Office Operation

Construction
Completion 2003 Renovation 2016

Before After
Interior of the building after renovation
Building outline

Feature : Net-ZEB first renovation project in Japan

(Actually used, and renovation while occupying)

Building type Office

Location Chiba City (Near from Tokyo)
Site area 1,432.02 ㎡
Structure, size RC･S, 2 stories
Height 8.1m
Building area 679.52 ㎡
Gross floor area 1,318.11 ㎡
Completion 2003

Completion of Renovation 2016

Design & Built Takenaka Corporation

Concepts of this office ZEB renovation

Change the theory Create super

of comfort energy-saving building

・Maximum use of daylighting, natural vent. & control
・Temperature control by radiant cooling & heating
・Humidity control by desiccant air conditioning
・Airflow control by personal diffuser
・Significant reduction of thermal load
by renovation of facade
・LED task & ambient lighting & control
・Ceiling radiant cooling & heating
・direct use of geo-thermal
・direct use of solar heat

Think smart work-style Become resistant

to disaster
・Divide into 3 areas in the office ・Operation time increase,
・Moving promotion of workers and Work-mode change BCP performance increase
・Environmental setting at each area ・Photovoltaics panel

・Space of common area and Sharing of machines ・Solar heat

・Wellness control ・Battery

 Building Design
Concepts of this office ZEB renovation
System Design
Operation Change

Change the theory Create super

of comfort energy-saving building

・Maximum use of daylighting, natural vent. & control
・Temperature control by radiant cooling & heating
・Humidity control by desiccant air conditioning
・Airflow control by personal diffuser
・Significant reduction of thermal load
by renovation of facade
・LED task & ambient lighting & control
・Ceiling radiant cooling & heating
・direct use of geo-thermal
・direct use of solar heat

Think smart work-style Become resilient

to disaster
・Divide into 3 areas in the office ・Operation time increase,
・Moving promotion of workers and Work-mode change BCP performance increase
・Environmental setting at each area ・Photovoltaics panel

・Space of common area and Sharing of machines ・Solar heat

・Wellness control ・Battery

Smart work-style

Sharing copy machines and others

Filing area
Communication area

Workplace

Entrance
Various Technologies for ZEB Renovation
Solar panel
Solar heat collecting panel
Natural lighting and natural ventilation from top
Enhanced thermal lights
insulation of roof and
external walls
Reuse of existing
aluminum fins
Low humidity by desiccant air
Radiant panel conditioning
Installation of
double skin
Sunshade by external Natural ventilation
blinds (automatic control)

Thermal insulation
enhancement by replacement
with high thermal insulation
glass Geothermal heat collecting piles and
direct use of geothermal heat

Natural ventilation opening Daylight from both side Personal diffuser LED lighting
Double skin (blind automatic control)
(automatic control)

Radiant cooling & heating panel Geothermal heat using pile
(Heat exchanger: Borehole)
Technologies of ZEB renovation
Solar heat collecting panel PV panel
Others;
Remote building control system with cloud,
Battery for BCP, and so on.
 Enovation of Exterior (roof, wall, glass and double skin)

Before Renovation
Roof: +100mm insulating
(=3.94 inch)

Sun-shading external
blinds Replacement with high thermal
insulation glass (argon-gas-charged
low-ε glass)

Outer skin glass

After Renovation

Wall: +50mm insulating

Vertical louvers (reuse) (=1.97 inch)

Detail of exterior
Direct Use of Geothermal Heat

Radiant panel

Dessicant air
conditioner
Geothermal heat collecting pile
(During construction)
parking
space

Water source and

air source heat
pump chiller

Depth: 67 m
Boreholes

Geothermal heat collecting system

Direct Use of Solar Heat

Summer Winter
Solar heat panel Solar heat panel

Radiating panel Desiccant AHU Radiating panel Desiccant AHU

(re‐heat)
Hot water tank Hot water tank

Use for re-heat of desiccant AC in summer Use for radiating heating in winter

Solar heat utilization system

Direct Use of Geothermal & Solar Heat

Cooling
WHP-1 (for desiccant)

AHP-1 (for desiccant)

WHP-1(for radiant panels) Direct use of geothermal heat

(for desiccant)
AHP-1 (for radiant panels) Direct use of geothermal heat
MJ/month

(for radiant panels)

M.
2016 J. 40%A.geothermal
J. S. O. N.
AHP-1 (for desiccant and radiant panels)
D.
J. F. M. A. M. J. J. A. S.
2017

Solar heat collector

100% solar heat
(for desiccant)

AHP-2
(for desiccant) WHP-1 (for desiccant and radiant panels)

21% solar heat Solar heat collector (for desiccant and

radiant panels)

Heating Summer Winter Summer

Detailed breakdown of annual heat usage in office on the second floor

Become resistant to disaster

Devices on the roof

Photovoltaics panel Solar heat panel Re-use lithium-ion battery

The prediction of energy consumption and energy generation
Result after renovation Result before renovation
MJ/m2/year 1,400MJ/m2/year

ZEB ready： over 50% reduction of consumption

Nearly ZEB： approximately 75% reduction of consumption and also has renewable energy
Net ZEB： approximately 75% reduction of consumption and remain are canceled by renewable energy
 Thermal Load and Energy Consumption: Predicted and Actual Performance

Site EUI Primary (source)

Site EUI Primary (source)
[kBtu/(ft2・month] [MJ/(㎡・year] [kBtu/(ft2・year] [MJ/(㎡・year]
160 1,600
Generation Generation(Before) Generation(predicted)
Generation
Generation(Actual) Consumption(Before)
120 1,200
Consumption(predicted) Consumption(Actual)

80 800

1.30 40 13.0 400

418 417

0 0 0 0
M. J. J. A. S. O. N. D. J. F. M. A. Before Predicted Actual
-40 13.0 -400
417 403
-80 -800

3.90 -120 39.0 -1,200

1,396
Consumption
Consumption
5.20 -160 52.0 -1,600

Annual total consumption of primary energy (May 2016 – Apr. 2017)

* 403 MJ/year/m2 = 35.5 kBtu / ft2 (primary) = 13.1 kBtu / ft2 (EUI)
417 MJ/year/m2 = 36.7 kBtu / ft2 (primary) = 13.5 kBtu / ft2 (EUI)

*Showing primary energy : 9.76MJ/kWh

Air Temperature & Humidity

Radiant Desiccant Personal Automatically Natural

Ceiling Panel Air-Conditioner Diffuser Ventilation Controlled
Ceiling Type Desiccant Air Handling Unit

Exhaust
Flow-channel-switching moisture absorption and
desorption equipment
Static total heat
exchanger

Return air

Air supply
Outdoor air
Outside dimensions:
2,250 (W)  1,050 (D)  450 (H)

Internal structure of outside air handling unit for desiccant

Air Temperature & Humidity

Feb. May Aug.

16

14

Humidity Ratio (g H2O/ kg Dry Air)

12
Aug.
1.0 clo zone 10
May 8

6
Feb. 4
0.5 clo zone
2

0
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Operative Temperature (°
C)

Indoor temperature and humidity in Aug., Feb., and May

(ASHRAE 55 graphic method)
 Air velocities & Ventilation

温度 ℃
24.
5

風向：北 24.0

23.5

23.0

22.5

Natural ventilator (auto control) Natural exhaust (auto control) CFD of Natural ventilation(Temp.) 22.0

wind velocity Indoor temprature

Night purging Daytime natural ventilation
0.8 (m/s) (ºC) 26
40,000
Close Open Close Open Ventilation air volume[CMH]
0.7 25.5
35,000
0.6 25 30,000
0.5
Indoor temprature
24.5 25,000 15ACH
0.4 24 20,000
10ACH
0.3 23.5 15,000
Interior wind Velocity
0.2 23 10,000 5ACH
0.1 22.5
5,000 2ACH
0
0 22
14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 16 May 16 May 17 May 17 May 17 May 17 May 18 May 18 May 18 May 18 May 19 May
12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00

Indoor wind velocity and temperature Measured air volumes supplied by

under natural ventilation (on May 19) natural ventilation (May 16 to 19, 2017)
Radiant Thermal Control

Summer(July）

Radiant Ceiling
Low-partition wall panel surface Window glass
surface

Floor surface
Desktop

Winter(Dec.)
Radiant Ceiling
panel surface
Low-partition wall
surface

Window glass
Desktop
Floor surface
Personal Diffuser

strong mode middle mode weak mode

Personal diffuser

0.8m/s 0.5m/s 0.3m/s

=1.79mph =1.12mph =0.67mph

（m/s）

Measured distributions of air stream from personal diffuser

This personal diffuser utilizes a nozzle installed on the ceiling surface to create an air
flow towards an individual’s face.
Each worker can adjust the air volume from their own super-small fan.
Wellness Control by wearable devices

Personal diffuser

Radiant cooling
Wearable Devices & heating panel
Wellness Control by wearable devices
Annual energy balance（Actual result）

Annual
年 間 G︓生成
Generation
建築物
417

203 217
D︓配送 E︓逆送
Delivered 403 Exported

C︓消費
Consumption
空調 照明 ｺﾝｾﾝﾄ その他
174 53 151 25
[MJ/㎡･a]
AC Lighting Plug Others
Comparison of primary energy consumption and annual energy balance
before and after renovation
EUI
1600
[kBtu/(ft2・year)]
Actual Primary Energy Consumption（MJ/m2・year）
Others Lighting Air Conditioning & ventilation Power Outlet
45.5 1400

1200 Maximum Utilization & Control of Daylighting

Task & ambient Lighting
1000 Several Litghting Control
71
71％ % Reduction
Reduction
800 Downsizing Building Services Capacity by Thermal Load Reduction
Direct Utirization of Geo‐thermal & Solar heat
600 Maximum Utirization of Natural Ventilation and Control
Environmental Setting for each areas and Control

13.1 400
Downsizing PC Devices
200 Sharing of eco‐saving 30
30 %
32％ Reduction
Reduction
copy machines and others Net Zero Energy Building
0
-0.5
Before Renovation After Renovation After Renovation
‐200 (Including PV)

Comparison of primary energy consumption before and after renovation

Natural Energy and Energy Consumption of Whole Building（MJ/m2･year）
（1 year actual result after renovation）

Generation Consumption

-417 Photovoltaics

-26 Geothemal & Solar heat

Plug load 151

Air‐Conditioning & Vent. 200

Lighting 53

Others 25

‐500 ‐400 ‐300 ‐200 ‐100 0 100 200 300

・Geothermal heat and Solar heat is 30% of Air-Conditioning supply energy.

・Photovoltaics power covers all of the rest.
Conclusion

This project is Japan's first Net ZEB project for renovating

a thirteen-year-old building actually in use in order to
convert it to Net ZEB and also covers plug loads.

This is an actual case, that not only achieved zero energy

cost, but also brought about co-benefits such as improved
comfort, improved workplace productivity, work-style
innovation, a healthy walking wellness office, and better
business continuity during disasters.