ssrxøI³ 2-eRKOgbgÁúMrgsgát;nigm:Um:g;begáag

Short columns: 2‐members

under compression and bending

1-PaBTUeTA
• eRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; CaBiess ssr EtgrgbnSM kMlaMgsgát;nig m:Um:g;begáag Edl
KNna edayeRbI viFannana rbs; karviPaKeRKOgbgÁúM.
• kaMcakp©wt Ca pleFobrvag m:Um:g;begáag nwg kMlaMgsgát;
• p©it)aø:sÞIk KWCa TItaMgkMlaMgpÁÜb énEdknigebtug edaysnμtebtug eFVIkardl; 0.85f’
c

nig Edkdl; f .
y

1
 2-karsnμtsMrab;karKNnassr
bTdæan ACI kMnt;nUvkarsnμtdUxageRkam³
• virUbkmμrbs;ebtugrW Edk smamaRtnwg cMgayBIGkS½NWRt
• smIkarlMnwg (equilibrium equation) nig smIkarcuHsMrug (strain compatibility)
RtUvEteKarB
• vrUvirbkmGti
bkmμGtbrma
brma rbsebtu
rbs;ebtgg KKW εε’c,max =00.003
003.

• PaBFn;sgát;ebtug Gacecal)an

2-karsnμtsMrab;karKNnassr
• kMlaMgépÞrbs;EdkKW f = ε E ≤ f
s s y

• r)aykMlaMgépÞebtug GacykCaragctuekaNEkg eday kMlaMgépÞesμInwg 0.85f’c

latsnæwgBIEKmsgát; RbEvg a=β1c Edl c CakMBs;GkS½eNWRt. β1 KNnatam
rUbmnþxageRkam.
⎡⎛ ⎧ 0.85 ⎞ ⎤
⎪
β1 = max ⎢⎜ min ⎨0.85 − 0.05 f 'c −30 ⎟ , 0.65⎥
⎢⎜ ⎪⎩ ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎦

2
 3-düaRkamGnþrkmμkMlaMgnigm:Um:g;
vtþmanrbs;kMlaMgbeNþay elIssrxøI GacnaMeGaymankrNIdUcbgðajkñúg düaRkam
GaRs½ynwg cgayB
GaRsyng cMgayBI TtagrbsklageTAng
TItaMgrbs;kMlaMgeTAnwg TRbCu
TIRbCMTMgn)aø
gn;)a:sÞIk.
ε s <ε y ε c = 0.003
P0 ε c = 0.003
(compression) ε c = 0.003
Allowable Pn ε s= ε y
ε s <ε y
(max)
Pn (tension)
Load Pn

Pb ε c = 0.003
ε s>ε y

Mu M0 M
b Moment Mn
Mn

3-düaRkamGnþrkmμkMlaMgnigm:Um:g;
1- karsgát;cMp©it³ (P ) KWCakrNI Edlsnμtfa kMlaMgsgát;FM eFVIGMeBIelImuxkat;
0

Rtg;;TIRbCuMTMgn;;)aøs: ÞIk e=00 nigi Mn=00. ssr kñúgkrNII EbbenH

E )ak;;Ebkeday
karEbkebtug nig )aø:sÞIkkmμ rbs;Edk ehIy PaBFn;tag eday P dUcbgðajkñúg 0

düRkamGnþkmμ.
2- kMlaMgGnuBaØatþiGtibrma (maximum allowable axial load) Pn,max ³
KWCakrNIEdl kMlaMgbeNay þ eFIVGMeBIelImuxkat; edayman kaMcakpi©tGb,rma.
,
tambTdæan ACI/ Pn,max=0.85P0 sMrab; ssrEdkkg nig 0.85P0 sMrab;
ssrEdkkgvil.

3
 3-düaRkamGnþrkmμkMlaMgnigm:Um:g;
3- muxkat;RsYy rW muxkat;kMnt;edaykarsgát; (Compression controls)
KWWCakrNII Edl
E kMMlaMMgFMM eFVIGMeBIIelIImuxkat;; edaymankaMMcakp©ittUc. kMlM aMMg
ERbRbYlBI Pn,max eTA Pb (balanced load). ssr kñúgkrNI EbbenH
)ak;Ebkeday karEbkebtug rWÉ Edk mineFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμeT.
4- lkçxNÐtulükmμ (balanced condition) Pb ³ KWCakrNIEdl virUbkmμ
rbs;ebtgu esIμnwg 0.003 RRsbeBlnwg virUbkmEdk μ mantMélesIμnwg εy=fy//Es.
m:Um:g;EdlekItmankñúgkrNIenH ehAfa m:Um:g;tulükmμ Mb ehIy kaMcakp©itCa
eb=Mb/Pb.

3-düaRkamGnþrkmμkMlaMgnigm:Um:g;
5- muxkat;sVit rW muxkat;kMnt;edaykarTaj (Tension controls) KWCakrNI Edl
kMlaMgtUc eFVIGMeBIelImuxkat; edaymankaMcakp©itFM. ssr kñúgkrNI EbbenH
)ak;Ebkeday EdkeFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ muxkarEbkebtug.
6- begáagsuTæ (pure bending) ³ KWCakrNIEdl muxkat;rgm:Um:g;begáag Mn
edayKμan kMlaMgsgát; Pn=0. kaMcakp©it GacsnμtesμI Gnnþ. kar)ak;Ebk
mansNæan dUcmuxkat;rgkarbegáagsuTæ.

4
 4-karKitKUBIsuvtßiPaB
suvtßiPaBTak;Tgnwgssr RtUvykmkKittdUcxageRkam
1- emKuNbnÞkú EdlBak;Bnæ½nwg bnÞúkbBaÄrnig bnÞúkxül;
U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L ;U = 0.75(1.4 D + 1.7 L + 1.7 W )
;U = 0.9 D + 1.3W

kñúgcMeNambnSMbnÞúkTaMgenH/ bnÞúkGtibrma RtUvyk mkeRbIsMrab;KNnamuxkat;

2- emKuNbnßyPaBFn; ³ emKuNenH sMrab;ssr ERbRbYl eTAtamlkçxNÐ
rbs;muxkat; ¬RsYy rW sVit¦.

4-karKitKUBIsuvtßiPaB
2-k/ eBlEdl P = φ P ≥ 0.1 f '
u n c Ag

CaTUeTAKWCakrNI muxkat;RsYy
f=0.70 ³sMrab;ssrEdkkg nig

f=0.75 ³sMrab;ssrEdkkgvil

2 x eBlEdl
2-x/ Pu ≤ 0.1 f 'c Ag

KWCakrNIEdl P sßitenAkñúg RbePTmuxkat;sVit (tension control) /

u

emKuNsuvtßiPaBGacyk FMCagkrNImuxkat;RsYy. bTdæan ACI kMnt;dUcteTA ³

5
 4-karKitKUBIsuvtßiPaB
sMrab;eRKOgbgÁúM Edl
• PaBFn;;rbs;;Edk d f ≤ 415MPa/
y

• bNþajEdkqøúHKña
• cMgayrvagEdksgát;nwgEdkTaj d-d’mantMéldUcteTA ³
h − d '−d s = d − d ' ≤ min(0.7 h, h − d s )

enaH emKuNsuvtßiPaB φ GacykesμInwg ³

2.0 P
φ = 0.9 − ≥ 0.70 sMrab;ssrEdkkg
u

f' Ac g
1.5 P
φ = 0.9 − ≥ 0.75 sMrab;ssrEdkkgvil
u
f' Ac g

4-karKitKUBIsuvtßiPaB
kñúgkrNIepSgBIenH/ φ RtUvKNnaedayrUbmnþbnÞat; ehIy fy eTAdl; 0.9 eBl
Edl φ P fyB
n fyBI min(
i (0.1 f ' A , φP )
c g b

2-K/ eBlEdl ³ KWCakrNI muxkat;begáagsuTæ ehIy emKuNsuvtßiPaB KW

φ=0.90

6
 5-lkçxNÐtulüPaB- muxkat;ctuekaN
lkçxNÐtulükmμekItman cMeBaHssr kalNa ebtugrgsgát;eday virUbkmμesμInwg
εc=0.003 RsbnwgeBlEdl EdkrgkarTajedayvirUbkmμ εs=εy.

Pn=Pb Pn=Pb 0.85f’

c
d’ ε’c=0.003
ε’s Cs= A’s.fy
e ab
A’s cb Cc= 0.85f’cabb
e’
d
h d – ab/2
d”
As
εy=fy/Es T= As.fy
ds
b
Plastic centroid (PC)

5-lkçxNÐtulüPaB- muxkat;ctuekaN
0.003
1- tag cb Ca cMgayBI EKmsgát;eTA GkS½eNIRt/ eyIg)an³ cb
=
fy
d
0.003 +
0.003d Es
→ cb =
0.003 + f y / Es

kMras;sgát;KW a Edl a = β c 1

2- KNnakMlaMgtulüPaB edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwgrbs;kMlaMgelImuxkat;
P −C −C +
b c T = 0 Edl
+T
s C = 0.85 f ' abb c c

Cs = A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c )

⎛ c − d'⎞
f 's = min⎜ f y ; 0.003Es ⎟
⎝ c ⎠
Pb = 0.85 f 'c ab + A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c ) − As f y

7
 5-lkçxNÐtulüPaB- muxkat;ctuekaN
3- kaMcakp©it eb Ca cMgayBI GkS½eNIRt)aø:sÞIknig e’ cMgayBI TIRbCuMTMgn; rbs;
EdkTaj eTAkMlaMg P . b

e' = e + d " e' = eb + d "

edayeRbIsmIkarlMnwgrbs;m:Um:g;elImuxkat;/ eyIg)an ³
⎛ ⎞
Pb eb = Cc ⎜ d − − d "⎟ + Cs (d − d '− d ") + Td " = 0
a
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ a ⎞
Pb eb = M b = 0.85 f 'c ab⎜ d − − d " ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
+ A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c )(d − d '− d ") + As f y d "

Mb
eb =
Pb

6-muxkat;ssreRkambnÞúkcakp©it
sMrab;ssreRkambnÞúkcakp©it/ TaMgBIrkrNI sVit nig RsYy RtUvviPaKedayeRbIsmIkar
lMnwgBIr³ smIkarlMnwgkMlaMg nig smIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;.
Pn Pn 0.85f’c
d’ ε’c=0.003
ε’s Cs= A’s.fy
e a
A’s c Cc= 0.85f’cabb
e’
d
h d – ab/2
d”
As
εs=fs/Es T= As.fy
ds
b
Plastic centroid (PC)

8
 6-muxkat;ssreRkambnÞúkcakp©it
1- smIkarlMnwgkMlaMg
Pb − Cc − C s + T = 0 Edl Cc = 0.85 f 'c ab
Cs = A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c )
T = As f s

2- smIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;eFobnwg As
⎛ a⎞
Pn e' − Cc ⎜ d − ⎟ − Cs (d − d ') = 0 Edl e' = e + d "
⎝ 2⎠
1⎡ ⎛ a⎞ ⎤
→ Pn = ⎢Cc ⎜ d − ⎟ + Cs (d − d ')⎥
e' ⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦

6-muxkat;ssreRkambnÞúkcakp©it
3- smIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;eFobnwg Cc
⎡ ⎛ a ⎞⎤ ⎛ a⎞ ⎛a ⎞
Pn ⎢e'−⎜ d − ⎟⎥ − T ⎜ d − ⎟ − Cc ⎜ − d ' ⎟ = 0
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ a ⎞
T ⎜ d − ⎟ + Cs ⎜ − d ' ⎟
2 2
→ Pn = ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(e'+ a / 2 − d )
ebIsin As=A’
ebsn A s ng
nig fs=f’f s=ffy
As f y (d − d ') As f y (d − d ')
→ Pn = =
(e'+ a / 2 − d ) (e − h / 2 + a / 2)
P (e − h / 2 + a / 2 )
→ As = A's = n
f y (d − d ')

9
 6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
eBlssr rgkMlaMgcakp©it mankaMcakp©itFM e nig lkçxNÐsVit. muxkat;ssr
)ak;eday)aø:sÞIkkmμrbs;Edk nigkarEbkebtug. krNIenH/ kMlaMgRTRTg;
PnnwgtUcCag P rW kaMcakp©it e=M /P FMCag kaMcakp©ittulükmμ e . eyIgEtg
b n n b

snμt;CatMbUgfa muxkat;Ca lkçxNÐsVit kalNa e > d.

1- kñúglkçxNÐsVit/ eyIg)an fs=fy nigsnμtEdksgát; eFVI)aø:sÞIk f’s=fy
2- KNna Pn BIsmIkarlMnwg P = C + C − T
n c s

Edl C = 0.85 f ' ab ; C = A' ( f − 0.85 f ' )

c c s s y c

nig T = A f s y

6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
3- KNna Pn BIsmIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;eFobnwg As
⎛ a⎞
Pn e' = Cc ⎜ d − ⎟ + Cs (d − d ')
⎝ 2⎠
h
Edl e' = e + d " nig d " = d − if As = A's
2
4- dak;CasmIkarrvagCMhan 2 nig 3/ eyIg)an
1⎡ ⎛ a⎞ ⎤
Cc + C s − T = ⎢Cc ⎜ d − ⎟ + Cs (d − d ')⎥
e' ⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦
CMnYstMél C , C nig T rYcedaHRsayrk kMras;tMbn;sgát; a
c s

5- KNna a BIsmIkardWeRkTI 2 xageRkam

A = 0.425 f 'c b
Aa 2 + Ba + C = 0 Edl B = 0.85 f 'c b(e'−d )
C = A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c )(e'− d + d ' ) − As f y e'

10
 6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
sMKal; tMél f’s-0.85f’c sMKal; RtUvEtviC©man eBalKW f ' −0.85 f ' s c ≥0

eyIg)an a = − B ± 2BA − 4 AC
2

6- CMnYs tMél a kñúgCMhan 2 / eyIg)an P rYcKNna M tam n n

M n = Pn . e
7- epÞógpÞat;etI Edksgát;eFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ rWeT ε ' = ⎜⎛ c − d ' ⎞⎟ × 0.003 ≥ ε
s y
⎝ c ⎠
ebImindUecñHeT KNnasareLIgvij BICMhan 2dl; 5 eday eRbI f ' = E ε ' s s s

8- epÞógpÞat;etI lkçxNÐPaBsVit rWeT

e>e b rW P < P n b

6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
krNIEdksgát;mineFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ
eyIg)an f ' = E ε ' Edl ε ' = ⎛⎜⎝ c −c d ' ⎞⎟⎠ × 0.003 = 0.003 a −aβ d ' ≥ ε
s s s s
1
y

smIkarlMnwgkMlaMg P = C + C − T
n c s

Pn = 0.85 f 'c ab + A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c ) − As f y

→ Pn = 0.85 f 'c ab + A's (ε 's Es − 0.85 f 'c ) − As f y

⎛ a − β1 d ' ⎞
→ Pn = 0.85 f 'c abb + A's ⎜ 0.003Es − 0.85 f 'c ⎟ − As f y
⎝ a ⎠
smIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;
1⎡ ⎛ a⎞ ⎤
Pn = Cc + Cs − T = Cc ⎜ d − ⎟ + Cs (d − d ')⎥
e' ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦
1⎡ ⎛ a⎞ ⎛ a − β1d ⎞ ⎤
→ Pn = ⎢0.85 f 'c ab⎜ d − ⎟ + A's ⎜ 0.003Es − 0.85 f 'c ⎟(d − d ')⎥
e' ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ a ⎠ ⎦

11
 6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
krNIEdksgát;mineFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ
eyIIg)ansmIIkar
→ 0.425 f 'c b a 3 + 0.85 f 'c b(e'− d ) a 2
+ ((0.003Es A's −0.85 f 'c A's )(e'− d + d ' ) − As f y e')a
+ 0.003Es β1d ' A's (d − d '−e' ) = 0

→ A a3 + B a 2 + C a + D = 0

A = 0.425 f 'c b
B = 0.85 f 'c b(e'− d )
C = (0.003Es A's −0.85 f 'c A's )(e'−d + d ' ) − As f y e'
D = 0.003Es β1d ' A's (d − d '−e' )

6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
tamviFI Newton-Raphson/ smIkardWeRkTI3 GacedaHRsaydUcteTA³
f (a ) = Aa 3 + Ba 2 + Ca + D = 0
KNnaedrIev rbs; f(a) eyIg)an
f ' (a ) = 3 Aa 2 + 2 Ba + C
snμt tMéltMbUg a rUcKNnnatMélbnÞab; EdlxiteTAkan;cMelIy énsmIkar
b

f ((a
a )
a =a −
1 0
f ' (a )
E a =a
Edl
0
0 b
0
f (a1 )
a2 = a1 −
f ' (a1 )
bnþKNna rhUtTTYl)an a Edlpþl;nUvkMritel¥ógGnuBaØatþi

12
 6/1-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐsVit
eRkayBIKNnaeXIj a ehIyeyIgGacKNna kMlaMg nig m:Um:g;dUcteTA³
⎛ a − β1 d ' ⎞
Pn = 0.85 f 'c ab + A's ⎜ 0.003Es − 0.85 f 'c ⎟ − As f y
⎝ a ⎠
M n = e Pn

emKuNbnßy KW
0.9
φ= ≥ φ0
2 Pn
1+
f 'c Ag

6/2-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐRsYy
eBlEdl P mantMélFMCag kMlaMgtulüPaB P rWk¾ kaMcakp©it e=M /P tUcCag e /
n b n n b

muxkat;sßitkñúg lkçxNÐRsYy. krNIenH/ EdkmineFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ EtebtugeFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ

eday virUbkmμva eLIgdl; 0.003.
0.003

ε’s
cb
c > cb

εs
εy

13
 6/2-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐRsYy
1- KNnakMras;GkS½eNWt c sMrab;muxkat;tulükmμ
b

0.003d
cb =
0.003 + f y / Es
2- KNna Pn BIsmIkarlMnwg Pn = Cc + Cs − T
Edl C c = 0.85 f 'c ab ; Cs = A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c ) nig T = As f s
→ Pn = 0.85 f 'c ab + A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c ) − As f s
3- KNna Pn BIsmIkarlMnwgm:Um:g;eFobnwg As
⎛ a⎞ h
P e' = C ⎜ d − ⎟ + C (d − d ') Edl e' = e + d " nig d " = d − if A s = A's
n
⎝
c
2⎠
s
2
1⎡ ⎛ a⎞ ⎤
→ Pn = ⎢0.85 f 'c ab⎜ d − ⎟ + A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c )(d − d ')⎥
e' ⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦

6/2-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐRsYy
mü:ageTotBIdüaRkam virUbkmμ/ eyIg)an³
⎛d −c⎞ (d − a / β1 )
εs = ⎜ ⎟(0.003) = (0.003)
⎝ c ⎠ a / β1
( β .d − a )
ehIykMlaMgépÞrbs;Edk KWf s = Esε s = 0.003.Es 1
a
edayCMnYs tMél f kñúgCMhan 2 nig 3/ eyIg)an
s

⎛ 0.85 f 'c b ⎞ 3
⎟a + [0.85 f 'c b(e'−d )]a
2
⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠
[ ]
+ A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c )(e'− d + d ' ) + 0.003Es As e' .a − 0.003Es As e' β1d = 0

→ Aa 3 + Ba 2 + Ca + D = 0 A = 0.425 f 'c b ; B = 0.85 f 'c b(e'−d )

C = A's ( f y − 0.85 f 'c )(e'−d + d ' ) + 0.003Es As e'
Edl D = − 0.003Es As e' β1d

14
 6/2-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐRsYy
tamviFI Newton-Raphson/ smIkardWeRkTI3 GacedaHRsaydUcteTA³
f (a ) = Aa 3 + Ba 2 + Ca + D = 0
KNnaedrIev rbs; f(a) eyIg)an
f ' (a ) = 3 Aa 2 + 2 Ba + C
snμt tMéltMbUg a rUcKNnnatMélbnÞab; EdlxiteTAkan;cMelIy énsmIkar
b

f (a )
a =a −
1 0
f ' (a )
E a =a
Edl 0
0 b
0
f (a1 )
a2 = a1 −
f ' (a1 )
bnþKNna rhUtTTYl)an a Edlpþl;nUvkMritel¥ógGnuBaØatþi

6/2-muxkat;ssreRkamlkçxNÐRsYy
⎛ c − d'⎞
• epÞógpÞat;etI Edksgát;eFVI)aø:sÞIkkmμ rWeT ε 's = ⎜ ⎟ × 0.003 ≥ ε y
⎝ c ⎠
ebImindUecñHeT KNnasareLIgvij BICMhan 2dl; 5 eday eRbI f 's = Es ε 's

epÞógpÞat;etI lkçxNÐPaBRsYy rWeT

e<e rrW P > P
b n b

15
 6/3-]TahrN_
• ssrmYymanmuxkat;dUcbgðaj kñúgrUb. eyIgdwgfa f’c=27MPa nig fy=413MPa.
1- KNnakMlaMgsgát;tulükmμ nig KMlatcakp©ittulükmμ
Pn
d’
2- KNnakMlaMgsgát; edaydwgfa
A’s
e KMlatcakp©it KW e=500mm. ¬sVit¦
e’
d
h
d”
3- KNnakMlaMgsgát; edaydwgfa
As
KMlatcakp©it KW e=250mm. ¬RsYy¦
ds
b
b=355mm, d=495mm, d’= 63.5mm
Compression steel, 4DB28
Tension steel, 4DB28

6/4-ExSekagGnþrkmμ
• ExSekagGnþkmμ KWCa ExSekagbgðajBItMélepSgKñarbs; Pn nig Mn EdlKNna
sMrab;tMél kaMkacakp©
srabtél cakpitepSg². kaMkacakp©
cakpit e ERbRbY
ERbRblBI
lB e=00 rhU
rhtdl;
tdl e=max
sMrab;krNI begáagsuTæ. Summary of the load capacity
e (mm) a (mm) φ Pn (kN) φ Pn (kN) Mn (kNm) φ Mn (kNm) Notes
0 0 0.70 6681.4 4677.0 0.0 0.0 φ Pn0
57 492.6 0.70 5345.1 3741.6 305.3 213.7 0.8 φ Pn0
110 409.6 0.70 4384.1 3068.9 482.3 337.6 Compression
170 344.2 0.70 3534.8 2474.4 600.9 420.6 Compression
220 308.2 0.70 3012.9 2109.0 662.8 464.0 compression
270 283.2 0.70 2617.2 1832.0 706.6 494.6 Compression
330 262.3 0.70 2258.3 1580.8 745.2 521.7 Compression
382 249.2 0.70 2017.9 1412.5 771.0 539.7 Balanced
510 179.6 0.70 1437.7 1006.4 733.2 513.3 Tension
1150 105.4 0.76 505.0 383.8 580.8 441.4 Tension
1530 96.7 0.80 361.1 287.2 552.4 439.3 Tension
1920 92.1 0.82 279.1 228.0 535.9 437.8 Tension
2300 89.3 0.83 228.5 189.9 525.6 436.7 Tension
P.M 78.11 0.90 0.0 0.0 478.2 430.4 Tension

16
 6/4-ExSekagGnþrkmμ
M‐N interaction
8000

7000

6000
M‐N interaction

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

6/5-muxkat;manEdkxag
• ssrxøH manmuxkat;Edlbgáb;edayEdkraytamRCugTaMgbYn. Edkxag Ass
CaEdkEdldak;tamRCgg EfmBI
CaEdkEdldaktamRCu EfmBelEdksgá
elIEdksgt;tngTaj
nigTaj As, AA’s. Edkxagman vrUvirbkm
bkmμ
ERbRbYltamkMBs;smamaRtnwgRbEvgBIGkS½eNWRteTATItaMg rbs;vanImYy².
P n

d’
EdkxagEdlCitGkS½NWRtGacminKit)an. cMEnkÉ
A’
e Edk enAEk, Edksgát; nigTaj cUlrYmxøaMg.
s e’
h
d Pn = Cc + ∑ Cs − ∑ T
d” As Pn = 0.85 f 'c ab + ∑ C s − ∑ T
⎛ ⎞
M n = 0.85 f 'c ab⎜ d − − d " ⎟ + ∑ C s (d − d 'i −d ")
ds a
b ⎝ 2 ⎠
+ ∑ Ts (d − d 'i −d ") + As f y d "
C s = A's ( f 's −0.85 f 'c ) nig Ts = As ( f s − 0.85 f 'c )

17
 6/6-]TahrN_
• ssrmYymanmuxkat;dUcbgðaj kñúgrUb. eyIgdwgfa f’ =27MPa nig f =413MPa. c y

11- KNnaklagsgá
KNnakMlaMgsgt;ttutlükm
lükmμ ningg KMKlatcakp©
latcakpittlükm
tulükmμ
2- KNnakMlaMgsgát; edaydwgfa KMlatcakp©it KW e=250mm. ¬RsYy¦
Pn
d’
16BD32
d’1 e
d’2 b =560 mm
d’3 A’s
d ee’
h d = 495 mm
d” d’= 63.5 mm
As d’1 = 171 mm
d’2 = 280 mm
ds
b d’3 = 389 mm
h = 560 mm

6/6-muxkat;rgVg;
• kñúgkrNIssr manmuxkat;rgVg;/ kMlaMgsgát;tulükmμ P nig m:Um:g;tulükmμ M Gac n n

KNnaedayeRbI smkarlngEdl
KNnaedayeRb smIkarlMnwgEdl )anbgð
)anbgajkg
ajkñúg vKÁ
vKmn².
mun².
sMrab;muxkat;rgVg;/ karkMnt;rk kMras;sgát; xusEbøk BI muxkat;ctuekaNEkg
0.003 0.85 f’c
Pn
c
Cs1
e c εs1 a Cc
s1 ee’
s3 s εs2 d Cs2
s2 4

PC s εs3 T2

T1
εy
Ds s = D/2-c d = D/2 + s1
s1 = s cos(α/2) s3 = c –(D/2-s1)
D s2 = s cos(α+α/2) s4 = c – (D/2-s2)

18
 6/6-muxkat;rgVg;
• TIRbCuMTMgn; nig épÞ rbs; kMnat;rgVg; GacKNna dUcteTA³
Aseg = r 2 (α − sin
i α cos α )

x=
2 (
r sin 3 α )
α 3 (α − sin α cos α )
α
r z =r − x

nig
ng r cos α = r − a → cos α = 1 −
a
r
x
r-a a

6/6-]TahrN_
• KNna kMlaMgsgát;tulükmμ nig m:Um:g;tulükmμ rbs;ssrmuxkat;rgVg; Edlman Ggát;
p©pit 406mm edayeRbEdkkgvl
edayeRbIEdkkgvil ehy
ehIy bBakedayEdk
bMBak;edayEdk 8DB28 dUdcbgajkgrb.
cbgðajkñúgrUb.
edaydwgfa f’ =27MPa nig f = 410MPa.
c y

Pn
c
e

19
 7/1- karkMnt;muxkat;;ssr
• karkMnt;muxkat;ssrrgkMlaMgsgát; nigbegáag manPaBsuaMjaM eRBaH eyIgsÁal; Pu
nig Mu ehy
ng ehIy eygRtU
eyIgRtvKNna
vKNna rkGBaØ
rkGBaatiatþCaeRcI
aeRcndU
ndcCa
cCa b, h As/ ng
b h, nig AA’s.
• karkMnt;muxkat;ssr ¬krNIssrRsYy –Compression control¦
1- snμtykvimaRtdMbUgrbs; muxkat;ssr niglkçN³rbs;ssr b, h, d’, d ehIy
KNna KMlatcakp©it e=Mu/Pu.
2- snμtyk As=A’s nig φ=0.7 KNna A’s (by Whitney formular)
⎡ ⎤ ⎛ e + 0.5 ⎞
bhf 'c A 's f y ⎢ Pu bhf 'c ⎥ ⎜⎝ d − d ' ⎟
⎠
Pn = + → A 's = ⎢ − ⎥
3he
+ 1.18
e
+ 0.5 ⎢ φ 3he
+ 1.18 ⎥ f y
d2 d −d ' ⎣ d2 ⎦

7/1- karkMnt;muxkat;;ssr
3- epÞógpÞat; PaKryEdkedaytMrUvnUvlkçxNÐxageRkam
As + A 's
1% ≤ ρ g = ≤ 8%
bh
RbsinebIminepÞógpÞat; muxkat;RtUveFVIkarEktMrUv
4- epÞógpÞat;PaBRKb;RKan; rbs; ssr
φ Pn ≥ Pu

5- KNnaEdkkg caM)ac;

20
 7/1- karkMnt;muxkat;;ssr
• KNnamuxkat;ssr ¬krNIsVit-Tension controls¦
mumxkat;
xkatmYmyGaceFI
yGaceFVkarCa mumxkat;
xkatsVsitkalNa
≥ 530 mm ; for h < 600 mm nig
M M
u
≥ 600 mm ; for h ≥ 600 mm
u
P u P u

1- snμtykvimaRtdMbUgrbs; muxkat;ssr niglkçN³rbs;ssr b, h, d’, d ehIy

KNna KMlatcakp©it e=Mu/Pu.
2- snμtyk As=A’s, a=0.4d, Pu=φPn nigeday fs=fy ehIIyKNna A’s
Pn ( e − h / 2 + a / 2 ) Pu ( e − h / 2 + 0.2d )
As = A 's = As = A 's =
f y ( d − d ') φ f y ( d − d ')

3- epÞógpÞat;PaBRKb;RKan;rbs;ssr nig Edkkg.

7/2- ssrrgkarbegáagBIrTis
• kalNa bnÞúk Pn manGMeBIRtg;cMnucNamYy EdlmancMgay ey BIGkS x nig ex
BIGkS y/ ssrrgnU
BGkS ssrrgnvm:
vmUm:g; begá
begagag BrTs.
BIrTis.
1- m:Um:g;eFobnwg GkS x KW Mnx = ey.Pn.
2- m:Um:g;eFobnwg GkS y KW Mny = ex.Pn.
y y y ex
ex Pn
Pn

ey ey
x x x x x x
Pn

y y y

21
 7/2- ssrrgkarbegáagBIrTis
• ssrmuxkat;rgVg; manEdkqøúH dUecñH lTæPaBRTRTg; cMeBaHsgát; nig begáag mandUcKña
RKb;Tis. dUdecH
RKbTs. ecñH edm,KNna
edIm,IKNna ssrmU
ssrmll RTRTgsgá
RTRTg;sgt;t ng
nig mUm:m:gbegá
g;begagBI
agBTs
Tis eygRtU
eyIgRtvv
KNna m:Um:g;begáagpÁÜbrbs; m:Um:g;TaMgBIrTis rYceFVIkarviPaK rW KNnamuxkat;
dUcFmμta.
+ ( M uy ) = Pu .e nig + ( ey ) =
Mu
( ex )
2
( M ux )
2 2 2
Mu = e=
Pu

Edl Mux = ey.Pu ³m:Um:g;dac;xateFobnwgGkS x.

Muy = ex.Pu ³m:Um:g;dac;xateFobnwgGkS y.
Mu = e.Pu ³m:Um:g;dac;xatsmmUlmYyTis.

7/2- ssrrgkarbegáagBIrTis
• viFIExSEdnkMlaMgpam (Parme Load contour Method)

ExSEdnkMlaMg kMnt;edayGgát;kac;BIrP¢ab;BI cMnuc B rbs; bøg;edkénkM

é laMgefrmYy Pn

eTAcMnucénbegáagmYyTis ehIy cMnuc B kMnt;eday

M nx M ox
= rW M nx M ny
= =β
M ny M oy M ox M oy

Ed
Edl β ³tageGay
g cEnkmYME yefr f rbs; lTæPaBmU:m:gmY
g; yTsi EdlGac
Ed GnuBaØatþi
eGay mandMNalKñaelI ssr. vaGaRs½ynwg pleFob P /P ehIy n 0

sMrab; ssrrgbnÞúkRsal enaH β ERbRbYlBI 0.55 eTA 0.70. kñúg

karKNnamuxkat;/ eyIgGacyk β=0.65.

22
 7/2- ssrrgkarbegáagBIrTis
• viFIExSEdnkMlaMgpam (Parme Load contour Method)
A
1.0 emKuNR)ab;;Tis rbs;;bnÞat;; AB KW
1- β
β
B (1-β)/β rWÉ emKuNR)ab;Tisrbs;

BC KW β/(1-β)
M ny
M oy
β β
dUecñH ebI MM ≥ MM
ny nx

(1- β)
45o C
oy ox

M nx 1.0 M ny M nx ⎛ 1 − β ⎞
→ + ⎜ ⎟ =1
M ox M oy M ox ⎝ β ⎠

ehIy ebI M ny M nx M nx M ny ⎛ 1 − β ⎞
≤ → + ⎜ ⎟ =1
M oy M ox M ox M oy ⎝ β ⎠

23