10/28/2007

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaB ¬cugr)aEdk¦
Development length of reinforcing
bars

esckþIepþIm
• crikrbs;tMnrvagEdknigebtug kñúgeRKOgbgÁúMebtugEdk Ep¥kelI PaBbnSúIEdl
manenArvagrbFatBI
manenArvagrU bFatuBreRkayeBlEdl
reRkayeBlEdl ebtuebtgkkrw
gkkrg.
g. PaBbnSú
PaBbnSIkMnteday
nt;eday
kkþadUcteTA³
1- EdneGLasÞIk rbs;EdkbMBak; fy RbEvgbgáb;Evg sMrab;EdkEdlman fy FM
2- KuNPaBebtug nigPaBFn;sgát; f’c. kMenIn f’c bnßytMrUvkarRbEvgbgáb;
rbs;EdkbMBak;.
3- TMhMr)aEdk/ KMlat nig TItaMgkñúgmuxkat;ebtug. KMlatlFM bgáeGay
PaBFn;bnSúIFM eRBaHkMras;ebtug BTæ½r)aRKb;Rkan;.

1
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esckþIepþIm
4- kMras;RsTab;karBarEdkBRgwg/ RsTab;karBaresþIgnwggayrgkarPÞat; rW kareRbH
Edl Cakkþ
CakkagayRsleGayEdkERcH.
agayRsYleGayEdkERcH.
5- karhMr)aEdkedayEdkkg/ karhMedayEdkkgkarBarkarpÞúHPÞat;rbs;ebtugCuMvij
EdkBRgwg.

karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• PaBbnSúúIbegáag (Flexural bond) ³ ekItmanrvag r)aEdknwgebtug
tambeNþayFñwm. eRkamGMeBIbegáagkat;/ m:Um:g;ERbRbYl tambeNþayFñwm. ebIeyIg
ykkMNat;Fñwm dx mksikSa EdlbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam³
M dM
T= T1 − T2 = dT =
C1 C2 jd jd
M1
jd jd M2 EtedIm,,IeGayEdk nigebtuugEFVVIkar
u
rYmKñaenaH T = T + u dx∑ O
1 2
T1 u T2 1
dUecñH u=
dM
×
dx dx jd O ∑
V
u=
jd ∑ O

2
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karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• edaytMél sMBaFbnSúI u CasMBaFmFüm/ kñúgkarKNna eyIgGacyk j=0.87.
dV
u=
0.87 d ∑ O

kñúgkarKNnaPaBFn;muxkat;/ PaBFn;bnSúIRtUvbnßy edayemKuNbnßylTæPaB

φ = 0.85
Vu
Uu =
φ (0.87) d ∑ O

dUecñH/ sMBaFbnSúI vivDÆn_tambeNþayépÞxagrbs; EdkBRgwg edaysa sMBaFkat;

(Shear stress) nig sMBaFkkit (Shear interlock).

karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• BiesaFn_BIRbsiTæiPaBbnSúI (Tests for bond efficiency)

BesaFnkntrk
i _ M ; PaBFnbnSú ; I GacKNna)aneday
d eRbvFBesaFnTajrbU
Ivi I i _ l
(Pullout test) . r)aysMBaFTaj ÉksNæan nigCuMvijEdkBRgwg Rtg;
muxkat;mYy ehIyERbRbYl tambeNþayRbEvgbgáb; rbs;r)a nig tamcMgaykaM
BIépÞrbs;Edk.
ld

P=Asfy

fy

BiesaFn_ TI1³ r)aysMBaFtambeNþayr)a nigsMBaFtamkaM

3
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karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• BiesaFn_BIRbsiTæiPaBbnSúI (Tests for bond efficiency)

eyIIgGacBiesaFmü::ageTot edayTajEdkeRsabedayebtu
E g. kñúgBiesaFn__enH/
kMlaMg P EdlTajr)aEdk ekInbnþbnÞab; ehIy cMnYnsñameRbH nig KMlatsñameRbH
RtUvkt;RtaTuk. PaBbnSúI vivDÆtambeNþayr)anigcenøaHsñameRbH/ Rtg;sñameRbH
virUbkmμrbs;Edk Gtibrma ehIy virUbkmμfy eTAkan;cMnuckNþal rvagsñameRbH.
dUdececñH eyg
eyIg ca)acRtU
caM)ac;Rtvsal;
vsÁal RbEvgmY
RbEvgmyEdlr)aRtvkar
yEdlr)aRtUvkar edm,GaceRbR)asdl
edIm,IGaceRbIR)as;dl;
EdneGLasÞIk edayKμankarrbUt rvagEdkBIebtug EdleyIgeGayeQμaHfa
braCy½énPaBbnSúI. RbEvgEdlsMBaFvivDÆrhUtdl; fy enHehAfa RbEvgRbsiTæiPaB
(Development length)

karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• BiesaFn_BIRbsiTæiPaBbnSúI (Tests for bond efficiency)

P P

r)aysMBaF L
Concrete stress
ebtug f’t
distribution

Steel stress
Edk f’s
distribution

PaBbnSúI Bond stress

distribution
L/2

4
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karvivDÆn_sMBaFbnSúI Bond Development

• BiesaFn_BIRbsiTæiPaBbnSúI (Tests for bond efficiency)

High bottom cover Wide spacing Small bottom cover

RsTab;karBarRkas; KMlatr)aEdkFM RsTab;karBarEpñk xageRkam esþIg

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBeKal (basic development length, ldb)

ebIIr)aEdkmY
E ybgáb;kñúgebtug niig TajedaykMMlaMMg T/ kMMlaMMgenHnwwgTb;eday
sMBaFbnSúI rvagEdknigebtug. kMlaMgTajGtibrma KW A f Edl A s y s

CaépÞmuxkat;Edk. ehIy U Ol Ca kMlaMgbnSúIEdlTb;nwgPaBrbUtrbs;r)a/

u d

tamsmIkarlMnwgeyIg)an³ A f = U O l
s y u db

As f y db f y
ldb = ldb =
U uO 4U u

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBeKalGaRsy½nwg TMhMnig EdneGLasÞIkrbs;r)a rWÉPaBbnSúI

GaRsy½nwg PaBFn;rbs;ebtug. RbEvgRbsiTæPaBCak;EsþgRtUvKitnUv\TæiBlnana
GacKNnatamrUbmnþ dUcxageRkam.

5
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RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBCak;Esþg (final development length, ld)
ld fy αβγλ
= 0 .9
db f 'c [( c + K tr ) / d b ]

α ³ kkþaTItaMgr)a
β ³ kkþaépÞEdk
γ ³ kkþaTMhMEdk
λ ³ kkþaRbePTebtug
χ ³ Gb,brma rvagKMlatrWkMras;RsTab;karBar

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBCak;Esþg (final development length, ld)
ld fy αβγλ
= 0 .9
db f 'c [( c + K tr ) / d b ]

Ktr ³ kkþasnÞsSEdkTTwg Ktr=(Atr.fyt)/(38100sn).

n ³ kkþacMnYnr)arWsésEdktambeNþaybøg;PÞat;
s ³ kkþaKMlatGtibrmarbs;EdkTTwg raykñúgRbEvgRbsiTæiPaB
fyt ³ kkþaEdneGLasÞIkrbs;Edkkg
Atr ³ muxkat;Edksrubrbs;Edkkat;TTwg
kñúgrUbmnþenH/ eyIgRtUvkMnt;tMélxageRkam
(c + K tr ) / d b ≤ 2.5 ; f 'c ≤ 0.69 MPa

6
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RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
αβγλ
• tMélénkkþaEdlman\TæiBlelIRbEvgRbsiTæiPaB dl
fy
d
= 0 .9
b f 'c [(c + K tr ) / d b ]
Factors Value Conditions ¬lkçxNн¦
1.3 sMrab;EdkbeNþayxagelI EdlmanebtugkMras; 305mm enABIeRkam
α
1.0 kñúgRKb;krNId¾éTeTot
sMrab;r)aEdk rW sésEdk eRsabedayeGb:uksuI EdlmanRsTab;karBar
1.5
tUcCag 3db rWW man KMMlatRslH 6db.
β
1.2 sMrab;RKb;EdkeRsabedayeGb:uksuI
1 sMrab;RKb;EdkBRgwgEdlKμanlabeGb:uksuI
sMKal;³ αβ minRtUvFMCag 1.7 eT.

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
αβγλ
• tMélénkkþaEdlman\TæiBlelIRbEvgRbsiTæiPaB dl
fy
d
= 0 .9
b f 'c [(c + K tr ) / d b ]

Factors Value Conditions ¬lkçxNн¦

0.8 sMrab;Edk srésfñaMgGMeBA nigEdkr)a EdlmmanGgát;p©ittUcCag ≤19mm
γ
1.0 sMrab;Edkr)aEdlmanGgát;p©itFMCag rWesμInwg 22mm
sMrab;ebtugRKYsRsal. kñúgkrNIEdl PaBFn;Taj fct sÁal;/
1.3 eyIgGacKNna tamrUbmnþ³ f'
λ λ = 0.556 c
≥1
f ct

1.0 sMrab;RKb;ebtugeRbIRKYsFmμta

7
 10/28/2007

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
αβγλ
• tMélénkkþaEdlman\TæiBlelIRbEvgRbsiTæiPaB dl
fy
d
= 0 .9
b f 'c [(c + K tr ) / d b ]
Factors Conditions ¬lkçxNн¦
f y αβγλ
Ktr=0 GacGnuBaØatþi eTaHCamanEdkkat;TTwgk¾eday. eyIg)an ld
= 0 .9
db f 'c (c / d b )
eday f ' minRtUvFMCag 0.69MPa eT.
c

Rs Cakkþabnßy bNþalBIkardak;EdkBRgwgelIs. RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBCak;Esþg RtUvKuNnwg

emKuNbnßy R = A s
s , ( required
i d)

As ,( provided )

ld kñúgRKb;krNITaMgGs;/ RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBminRtUvtUcCag 305mm eT. ld >= 305mm

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBCak;Esþg ¬ viFIgay¦
bTdædan ACI GnuBaØatþi eGayeRbvFgay Ivi Ig rW kenSamsrYM l edm,KNna dI I
RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBeFob l /d . sMNg;Cak;Esþg
d b

k-eRbIR)as;KMlatrvagr)a s (s ≥ d ) nigRsTab;karBar (c ≥ d ) RBmTaMg

b b

karhMeday EdkTTwgtambeNþayén RbEvgRbsiTæiPaB l . d

x-eRbIR)as;KMlat (s ≥ 2d ) ngRsTabkarBar
x-eRbR)asKlat nigRsTab;karBar (c ≥ d ) KμKanan karhedayEdkTTg.
b karhMedayEdkTTwg.
b

lkçxNн enHnwg naMeGay eyIg)an (c + K ) ≥ 1.5 edayyk (c + K ) = 1.5

tr tr
d b d
f
dUecñH
b
l
= 0.6 αβλ
d y

db f 'c

8
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RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarTaj Development length

in tension
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBCak;Esþg ¬ viFIgay¦
sMrab;EdksésEdlmanGgát;p©it d ≤ 19 mm rW EdksésfñaMgGMeBA/ karBiesaFn_
b

GnuBaØatþi eGaybnßy 20%. eyIg)an dl = 0.48 αβλ f

d y

b f 'c
sMrab;krNIepSgBIenH/ RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBeFob RtUvKuNnwg 1,5.
• krNIsMNg;TUeTA// eKeRbI
R ebtgFnmFüm
u u ü (λ=1)) / EdkminlabeGb:uksIu (β=1))/
kkþaTItaMg (α=1). dUecñH l f
= 0 .6 ; d b ≥ 22 mm
d y

db f 'c

ld fy
= 0.48 ; d b ≤ 19 mm
db f 'c

RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBcMeBaHkarsgát; Development
length in compression
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaB rbs;EdkfñaMgGMeBA kñúgtMbn;sgát; CaTUeTAtUcCag RbEvgtMrUvkar
sMrab;tMbn;Taj edaysar Edksgá
srabtbnTaj Edksgt;tmnbgá
minbgrkarERb
rkarERbHEdl
Edl bnß
bnyPaBbnSI
yPaBbnSúrvag
Edknwg ebtug. bTdæan ACI GnuBaøØatþieGayeRbI rUbmnþxageRkam³
l db fy
= 0.24 ≥ 0.043 f y
db f 'c
ehIy RbEvgRbsiTæiPaBenHRtUvEt l ≥ 200 mm
db

As , required
• RbEvgRbsiTæiPaB l enHGacRtUvbnßyedayemKuN R Edl
d s Rs =
As , provided
• sMrab;Edkkgvil rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMsgát; Edl Ggát;p©itEdkFMCag 6mm nig
KMlattUcCag 100mm enaHtMél ldb RtUvKuNnwg R =0.75. CaTUeTA sl

9
 10/28/2007

]TahrN_
• FñwmmYymanTMrbnþúM bMBak;eday Edk 4DB25 EdlRtUvhMedayEdkkg
RB10@152
RB10@152mm . KNna RbEvgRbsTæ
RbEvgRbsiTiPaB rbsEdkfñ
rbs;EdkfaMagGeBA
gGMeBA edaydgfa
edaydwgfa
FñwmeFVIBIebtug FunmFüm ehIy r)aminlab nig f’ =20MPa ehIy f =410MPa.
c y

560mm

500mm

60mm
185mm
305mm

TItaMgmuxkat;eRKaHfñak;kñúgeRKOgbgÁúMbegáag
• muxkat;eRKaHfñak;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMbegáag sMrab;karbgáb;RbsiTæPaB KW³
1- cMnucEdlman sMBaFGtibrma
2- cMnuc Edl EdkTaj minRtUvkarrWRtUvbBaÄb; kñúgElVg
3- cMnucRtg;EKmrbs;TMr
44- cnu
cMncEdl
cEdl manrbtmU
manrbt;m:m:g; eBalK
eBalKW mUm:m:gbþ
g;bÚrTi
rTsBsBI vC¢
viCmmaneTAGvi
aneTAGvC¢Cmmanan

10
 10/28/2007

TItaMgmuxkat;eRKaHfñak;rbs;FñwmCab;rgbnÞúkrayesμI
x4 ≥ x1
x1
x2 x3

x5

x2
2 x1
1 3
4

muxkat;eRKaHfñak; nig RbEvgbgáb;RbsiTæPaB

TItaMgmuxkat;eRKaHfñak;rbs;FñwmCab;rgbnÞúkrayesμI
• muxkat;eRKaHfñak; nig RbEvgbgáb;RbsiTæPaB GacBnül;dUcxageRkam³
1- bNþajEdksMrab;m:Um:g;GviC¢man³
– muxkat; 1 sßitRtg;EKmssr ehIyTTYlnUv m:Um:g;Gtibrma. RbEvgRbsiTæPaB x =l 1 d

vas;BIEKmssr dl; TItaMgbBaÄb;Edk.

– muxkat; 2 muxkat;Edl EdkbBaÄb;ElgRtUvkar KW x vas;BI TItaMgbBaÄb;. BImuxkat;
2

2 EdkEdlenAsl;
E E RtUvbgáb;RbEvg
E x. 4

– muxkat; 3 enARtg;cMnucrbt; RtUvBnøÚtEdkRbEvg x . y:agtic 1/3 énEdksrub

3

RtUvBnøÚtRtg;muxkat;3.
– x2 = x3 = max(d, 12db, 1/16 clear span)

11
 10/28/2007

TItaMgmuxkat;eRKaHfñak;rbs;FñwmCab;rgbnÞúkrayesμI
2- bNþajEdksMrab;m:Um:g;viC¢man³
– muxkat; 4 TTYlnUv m::Um:g;Gtiibrma. RbEvgRbsi
E iTæPaB x =l vas;BImuxkat; 4 dl;
1 d

TItaMgbBaÄb;Edk.
– muxkat; 5 muxkat;Edl EdkbBaÄb;ElgRtUvkar KWenA x vas;BI TItaMgbBaÄb;.
2

BImuxkat; 5 EdkEdlenAsl; ¬y:agtic 1/3 rW 1/4 ¦ énEdksrub

RtvBntrhtdl;
RtU vBnøÚtrhUtdlmumxkat;
xkat11 Edleygbgá
EdleyIgbgb;bEdk
Edk srabtbnsgá
sMrab;tMbn;sgt;t; kñkgRbEvgRbsi
úgRbEvgRbsTæTPaB
PaB
x =l .
5 dc

– muxkat; 6 enARtg;cMnucrbt; .
– x2 = x3 = max(d, 12db, 1/16 clear span)

TMBk;KMrU
TMBk; RtUvBt; enAcugén sésEdk rWr)a enAeBlEdlRbEvgRbsiTæPaB FMCag
RbEvgsMrab;bgb;b. Ggá
RbEvgsrabbgá Ggt;tp©pitGb,brmakgrbs;
Gb,brmakñúgrbsr)aBt
r)aBt; mantéldU
mantMéldcxageRkam³
cxageRkam³
– sMrab;Edk d =10-25mm, D =6d .
b b b

– sMrab;Edk d =28-36mm, D =8d .

b b b

– sMrab;Edk d =43-58mm, D =10d .

b b b

RbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;KW l = 0.24 d ff
hb
b y

' c

– kñúgkrNIEdl EdkelIsBIPaBcaM)ac;/ RbEvgbgáb;TMBk;Gacbnßyeday

emKuN α = A r
s , required

As , provided

12
 10/28/2007

Bisþarrbs;RbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;KMrU
db
r=D/2 • sMrab; d <= 36mm, TMBk; Edl hMeday
b

Edkkg XøatKñaBI mYy eTAmYy tUcCag 3d b

critical 12db enaH RbEvgRbsiTæPaB RtUvKuNnwg 0.8.

section
ldh • kalNa RsTab;karBarekon FMCag 60mm,
db l RtUvKuNnwg 0,7. dUcKñasMrab;TMBk; 90
hb
o

D
Edlman RsTab;karBarxagcug FMCag
50mm.

4db or 60mm

Bisþarrbs;RbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;KMrU
st ≥3db
db
• sMrab;TMBk; EdlmanRsTAb;karBar xagelI/
eRkam nig ekon ehIy eRbIenAcuglan rbs;
eRKOgbgÁúM RtUvEthMedayEdkkg Edlman
KMlattUcCag 3db ehIy emKuNbnßy
cugFñwmlan minRtUvGnuvtþeT.

13
 10/28/2007

]TahrN_KNnaRbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;
480 mm db=38 mm • KNnaRbEvgRbsiTæPaBcaM)ac; sMrab;EdkelI
d =25mm bgáb; cUlkñúgTMrssr ebI va
b

12db
12db k-Rtg;
x-TMBk; 90 o

K-TMBk; 180 . o

480 mm db=38 mm
• EdkRtU
E vhMM edayEdkkgE d=10mm niig man

RsTab;karBar 35mm, KMlatEdkr)a

s=50mm. ebtugFunmFüm f’ =28MPa,
c

f =410MPa.
y

]TahrN_KNnaRbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;
eday
– EdkbeNþ
EdkbeNayay enAxagel
enAxagelI ng
nig hedayEdkkg
hMedayEdkkg
– db=25mm, c=35mm .

– s=50mm ≥ db =25mm and c=35 ≥ db .

sMrab; karbgáb;Rtg;
ld fy 410
= 0.6 αβλ = 0 .6 × 1 × 1 .3 × 1 = 60 .4
db f 'c 28
l d = 60 .4 × d b = 1511 mm

14
 10/28/2007

]TahrN_KNnaRbEvgRbsiTæPaBTMBk;
sMrab;TMBk; 90o
db f y 25 × 410
l hb = 0.24 = 0.24 = 465 mm
f 'c 28

RbEvgbgáb;sMrab;TMBk; 90o RKb;RKan;

sMrab; TMBk; 180 o

RbEvgbgáb;sMrab;TMBk; 180o manRbEvgesμInwg RbEvgbgáb;TMBk; 90o xusKñaRtg;

RbEvgrbs; TMBk;b:uenñaH.

tMNrbs;Edk
– EdkEdlykmkeRbICa bNþajEdkkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg; RtUv)anplitCa RbEvg 6m,
12m nig 18m tamGgát;p©it/ lkçxNÐdwkCBa¢Ún nig mUlehtuepSgeTot.

– r)arEdk EtgRtUvkat;eTAtam EpnTIsésEdk sMrab;sagsg;.

– eBlEdlEdkxøI/ eyIgcaM)ac; RtUvEt tvaedaypSa rW edaybeRBa¢aH.
• tMNGacCa bnSa rW beRBa¢aH. tMNbeRBa¢aH minGaceRbIsMrab;Edk Edlman
Ggt;tp©pitFMFCag
Ggá Cag 36 mm.
• sMrab; karbeRBa¢aHminb:HKña/ KMlatrbs;Edk minRtUvFMCag 1/5 énRbEvgbeRBa¢aH rW
150mm.

• tMNbnSaGacGnuBaØatþkalNakMlaMgbnSaFMCag 125% én PaBFn;)a:øsÞIkrbs; r)ar.

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tMNrbs;Edk
– tMNEdkminKYreFVIenA cMmuxkat;Edlmanm:Um:g;Gtibrma. mü:ageTot/ tMNeRcIn
minKrdak;
mnKY rdak ckEnø
cMkEngdcKaeT
gdUcKñaeT edm,eCosvagPaBragsÞ
edIm,IeCosvagPaBraMgsH karcakebtu
karcak;ebtg.
g.
– RbEvgbeRBa¢aH minRtUvtUcCag l eT edIm,IFanaPaBCab;rbs; tMN edayEdkRtUv
d

GPivDÆPaBFn;dl; f .y

– kalNa RbEvgbeRBa¢aH minRKb;RKan;/ )atuPUtEbk rW PÞat; GacekItmaneLIg.

–RbEvgbeRBa¢
E aH miinRtUvtUcCag 300mm eT.

tMNrbs;Edk³ tMNTaj
– tMNbeRBa¢aHTaj/ l st

• tNRbePT
tMNRbePT A ³ catTu
cat;TkCatM
kCatNRbePT
NRbePT A kalNa l =l ehy
ehIy
st d

– y:ageRcIn Edk 50% RtUvt

– EdkEdleRbI FMCagEdkKNna y:agtic 2dg.
• tMNRbePT B ³ tMNcat;Ca RbePT B kalNaminsßitkñúglkçxNÐxagelI.
RbEvgbeRBa¢
Evg aH yagtc
: g i 1,3l
1 3l . d

–tMNbeRBa¢aHsgát;/ l sc

l sc ≥ (0.07 f y d b )

16
 10/28/2007

]TahrN_
• KNnaRbEvgbeRBa¢aHrbs; sésrEdk 6BD25 kñúgtMbn;Taj ¬BIrRsTab;¦ eday
KMlatRslas; 63mm nig RsTab;karBarsuTæ 38mm kñgú krNI dUcxageRkam³
k-EdkbIedImRtUvt ehIy A /A ≥2
s , provided s , required

x-EdkbYnedIm RtUvt ehIy A /A ≤2

s , provided s , required

K-EdkTaMgGs;RtUvt enARtg; kEnøgEtmYy

edaydwgfa f’ =35MPa nig f =410MPa.
c y

cMelIy
• eday KMlatRslas; 63mm nig RsTab;karBarsuTæ 38mm / eyIgGac KNna
RbEvgRbsiTæPaB tam dl = 0.6 αβλ f ehIy α = β = λ = 1.
d y

b f 'c
fy 410
l d = 0 .6 d b = 0 .6 25 = 1040 mm
f 'c 35
k-eday A s , provided / As , required ≥ 2 / tMNfñak; A eBalKW l =l .
st d

x- eday A s , provided / As , required ≤ 2 / tMNfñak; B eBalKW

lst =1.3×ld=1.3×1040 = 1352mm

K-edayEdkTaMgGs;RtUvt enARtg; kEnøgEtmYy/ dUecñH tMNfñak; B. eyIg)an

lst =1.3×ld=1.3×1040 = 1352mm

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 10/28/2007

düaRkamm:Um:g;Fn; ¬cMnucbBaÄb;Edk¦
• lTæPaBm;Um:g;rbs; FñwmmYy KWCa GnuKmn_én kMras;RbsiTæPaB d TTwg b nig
épÞmuxkat;. sMrab;FñwmmYy manTTwgefr/ kMras;efr enaH brimaNEdk GacERbRbYl
eTAtam bMErbMrYlm:Um:g;. EdkbeNþay Gackat;eBlNa vamincaM)ac; sMrab;Tb;nwg
m:Um:g;begáag.
lTæPaBm:Um:g; rbs;FñwmEdktic Rtg;muxkat;NamYy KW M = φ A f (d − a2 )
n s y

RbEvgédeXaHaH dd-a/2
RbEvgédeXñ a/2 ERbRbY
ERbRbltambeNayFw
ltambeNþayFñm EtkarERbRbY
EtkarERbRblenH
lenH tcNas
ticNas; ehy
ehIy
édeXñaHGb,brma KWsßitenARtg; muxkat;m:Um:g;Gtibrma. dUecñH lTæPaBm:Um:g;
RtUvsnμtfasmamaRtnwg kMlaMgTajrbs; Edk edayEdkTaMgenH RtUvbgáb; RtwmRtUv.

düaRkamm:Um:g;Fn; ¬cMnucbBaÄb;Edk¦
• edIm,I kMnt;TItaMgbBaÄb; rW cMnucbt;/ düaRkamm:Um:g;rbs;bnÞúkeRkA RtUvEtKUCamun.
düaRkamRTRTg; RtUvKUedaybBa¢ak;BIcMnuc Edl r)arEdkminRtUvkar. m:Um:g;RTRTg;
rbs;r)arEdkmYy KW M esμInwg
ub

a
M ub = φ Asb f y ( d − )
2
As f y
Edl a=
0.85 f 'c b
nig A KWCa épÞmuxkat;rbs; r)armYyedIm
sb

cMnucRbsBV rvagbnÞat;m:Um:g;RTRTg; nwg düaRkamm:Um:g;eRkA KWCa cMnuc Edlr)arnImYy²

Gackat; (cut-off point).

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 10/28/2007

düaRkamm:Um:g;Fn; ¬cMnucbBaÄb;Edk¦
• ]TahrN_³ kMnt;cMnucbBaÄb; rbs;bNþajEdk rbs;FñwmxageRkam
58kN/m

510mm
572mm
6000 mm

lac lac

4DB25 c 1 bar
305mm 69 7 kNm
69.7
b 2 bars 139.4 kNm
edaydwgfa f’c = 20MPa nig ld
a 3 bars
209.1 kNm

fy = 345MPa . ld 4 bars
278.8 kNm

düaRkamm:Um:g;Fn; ¬cMnucbBaÄb;Edk¦
• m:Um:g;bNþalmkBIbnÞúkeRkAKW
l2 62
Mu =q = 58 = 261 kNm
8 8
a
• m:Um:g;RTRTg; rbs;r)armYy DB25 KW M ub = φ Asb f y ( d − )
2
As f y 4 × 507 × 345
Edl a=
0.85 f 'c b
=
0 .85 × 20 × 305
= 135 mm

135
M ub = 0.9( 507 )(345 )(510 − ) × 10 − 6 = 69 .7 kNm
2
edayKUlTæPaBm:Um:g;RTRTg;rbs; r)armYy² enAelI düaRkamm:Um:g;eRkA eyIgeXIjfa
r)arTImYy GacbbBaÄb;Rtg; a r)arTIBIr GacQb;Rtg; b r)arTIbI GacQb;Rtg; c nig
r)aTIbYn Qb;Rtg;Kl;TMr.

19
 10/28/2007

düaRkamm:Um:g;Fn; ¬cMnucbBaÄb;Edk¦
• bTdæan ACI tMrUveGay r)arnImYy²RtUvEt Bnøatecj BIcMnucQb; RbEvg l ac

⎧ d
l ac = max ⎨
⎩ 12 Db
• mü:ageTot sMrab;EdkTb;m:Um:g;viC¢man/ ya:gtic 1/3 RtUvEtbnþcUlkñúg TMrsMrab;
Fñwmbnþúb.
• dUecñH kñúgkrNI]TahrN¾enH/ r)arBIredIm RtUvEtbnþcUl kñúgTMr. ehIy düaRkam
mUm:m:gRTRTg
g;RTRTg; RtU
RtvEthM
vEthBTæ
B½T düaRkammU
düaRkamm:m:geRkA.
g;eRkA. lTæ
lTPaBRTRTg;
PaBRTRTgeBjelj
eBjelj rbsrbs; r)ar
cab;KitBI cMnuccMgay l BI cugén r)ar.
d

• sMrab;FñwmCab;/ y:agtic 1/3 énmuxkat;EdksMrab;m:Um:g;GviC¢manRtg;TMr RtUvBnøat

putBIcMnucrbt; y:agtic RbEvgkMBs;RbsiTæPaB d rW 12db rW Span/16.

20