Chuyên đề 20 PHRASE AND CLAUSES 9AB.

CD20

 CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT
CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ TƢƠNG PHẢN ( ALTHOUGH/ IN SPITE OF )

1. Cụm từ chỉ sự tƣơng phản ( mặc dù )
- In spite of / Despite + Danh từ
Ngữ danh từ
V-ing
Ex: - Despite his laziness, he passed the exam.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tƣơng phản ( mặc dù )
- Although / Even though / Though + S + V
Despite the fact that
In spite of the fact that
Ex: - Although he was lazy, he passed the exam.

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO ( BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF….) : BỞI VÌ

1. Cụm từ chỉ lý do 2. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do
- Because of + Danh từ - Because / As / Since + S + V , S + V
Due to Ngữ danh từ due to the fact that
Owing to V-ing owng to the fact that

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH ( IN ORDER TO / SO THAT…..)

1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích 2. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
(not ) to so that will /would
in order (not) to + V1 (để mà/ để mà ko) S + V in order that + S + can / could + V1
so as (not) to may / might
Lƣu ý : Sau “ want, hope” có tân ngữ -> đem tân ngữ làm chủ từ cho mệnh đề 2
Ex: He gave me his address. He wanted me to contact him
=> He gave me his address so that I could contact him.

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

1. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả
a) too….to: quá …không thể b) enough : đủ….để
S + V + too + adj / adv + To-V S + be + adj + enough + ( for O ) + to V1
S + V + too + adj / adv + for O + To-V S + V + enough + N + ( for O ) + to V1
2. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
a) so….that b) such…that
S + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V S + V + such + a / an + adj + Nít + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nít + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N nhiều + that + S + V
S + V + so + many /few + Nnhiều + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N kđđ + that + S + V
S + V + so + much / little + N kđđ + that +S + V
Đảo ngữ với “ so”
S1 + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V
<=> So + adj / adv + V + S1 + that + S + V

- Adj / adv + as / though + S + V

- However + Adj / Adv + S + V
- No matter Wh- + ADJ + S + V ( no matter what / how / when / where = whatever / however )
- Despite = in spite of + NP
- Although / though / eventhough + Clause
CLAUSES OF MANNER WITH (MĐ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH)
*AS (nhƣ là), AS IF & AS THOUGH(nhƣ thể là)
1. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại Ex1: She dresses as if she was/were an actress.
S + V + as if/ as though + S + V2/Ved Ex2: He talks as though he knew where she was.
Lưu ý: “were” có thể dùng cho tất cả các chủ từ ở MĐ giả định.
2. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ Ex: He talked about New York as though he had
S + Vqk + as if/ as though + S + had + V3/ved been there before.

*Would rather
1. Giả thiết ở HT hoặc TL: Ex1: Mary’s husband doesn’t work in the same office as
she does.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V2/ed => Mary would rather that her husband worked in the
2. Giả thiết ở Quá Khứ: same office as she does.
 Ex2: Her husband didn’t go to the office yesterday.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + had + V3/V-ed => She would rather that her husband had gone to the
office yesterday.

 BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer.
1. _______ Paul bring the money for our lunch, we'll go right down to the cafeteria.
A. Since B. As soon as C. Now that D. Until
2. My mouth is burning! This is_______ spicy food that I don't think I can finish it.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
3. Both my books _______ from my room last night.
A. were stolen and my wallet B. and my wallet were stolen
C. and my wallet was stolen D. were and my wallet was stolen
4. When______ a dictionary, you need to be able to understand the symbols and abbreviations it contains.
A. having used B. use C. to use D. using
5. Bats are fascinating_______ have many interesting and amazing qualities.
A. animals. Therefore, they B. animals, they C. animals. They D. animal. Because they
6. While_____ to help Tim with his math, I got impatient because he wouldn't pay attention to what I was saying.
A. I am trying B. having tried C. I try D. trying
7. _______ extremely bad weather in the moutains, we're no longer considering our skiing trip.
A. Due to B. Because C. Since D. Due to the fact that
8. Emily is motivated to study____ she knows that a good education can improve her life.
A. therefore B. because of C. because D. so
9. Sonia broke her leg in two place ______, she had to wear a cast and use crutches for three months.
A. Inasmuch as B. Consequently C. For that D. Because
10. Our village had______ money available for education that the schools had to close.
A. so little B. such little C. so much D. such much
11. Hundred of species of Hawaiian flowers have become extinct or rare _______ land development and the grazing of
wild goats.
A. now that B. due to C. because D. for
12. Tom Booth is one the best players in the country. We have won al of our games_____ he joined our team.
A. when B. the first C. since D. due to
13. Joe seemed to be in a good mood, _______ he snapped at me angrily when I asked him to join us.
A. yet B. so C. for D. and
14. ________ Jan arrives, we will have finished this group project.
A. By the time B. Until C. Now that D. Since
15. For the most part, young children spend their time playing, eating, and _______ a lot.
A. they sleep B. sleeping C. sleep D. they are sleeping
16. Joan worked in a vineyeard last summer ________ money for school expenses.
A. because to earn B. so she earns C. for she earned D. so that she could earn
17. __________ unprepared for the exam, I felt sure I would get a low score.
A. Being B. Having C. Because D. Upon
18. Ever since_______ Ted the bad news, he's been avoiding me.
A. telling B. told C. I told D. having told
19. ________ my daughter reaches the age of sixteen, she will be able to drive.
A. Having B. Since C. one D. Because
20. Matt will enjoy skiing more the next time he goes to Mr. Baker _____ he was had skiing lessons.
A. so that B. before C. now that D. and
21. Some people are tall, whereas others are________
A. intelligent B. thin C. short D. large
22. A box is square, whereas_______
A. a rectangle has four sides B. my village has a town square in the centre
C. we use envelopes for letters D. a circle is round
23. While some parts of the world get an abundance of rain, others________
A. are warm and humid B. are cold and wet C. get little or none D. get a lot
24. In some nations coffee in the favourite beverage, while_________
A. I like tea B. in has caffeine C. in others it is tea D. tea has caffeine too
25. Some people like cream and sugar in their coffee, while_______
A. others drink hot coffee B. others like it black
C. milk is good in coffee, too D. sugar can cause cavities
26. Jack is an interesting storyteller and conversationalist. His brother, on the other hand, ________
 A. is a newspaper reporter B. bores other people by talking about himself
C. has four children D. knows a lot of stories, too
27. I can't ride my bicycle ______ there isn't any air in one of the tires.
A. despite B. because C. although D. but
28. I got to class on time_______ I had missed by bus.
A. even though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
29. Brian used to bean active person, but now he has to limit his activities_______ problem with his health.
A. nevertheless B. because of C. although D. in spite of
30. It should be easy for Bod to find more time to spend with his children_______ he no longer has to work in the
evenings and on weekends.
A. even though B. now that C. due to D. but
31. Jake is a very good student of languages. His brother Michael, _________ has never been able to master another
language.
A. therefore B. even though C. whereas D. on the other hand
32. The ancient Aztecs of Mexico had no technology for making tools from metal ____, they had sharp knives and
spears made from a stone called obsidian.
A. Whereas B. Although C. Nevertheless D. Despite
33. Roberts missed the meeting without a good reason. She had been told that it was critical that she be there. I couldn't
want to be in her shoes at work tomorrow.
A. despite B. despite the fact that C. even D. however
34. I usually enjoy attending amateur productions in small community theaters. The play we attended last night,
_______ was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
A. therefore B. however C. whereas D. even though
35. Some snakes are poisonous, _______ other are harmless.
A. but B. so C. for D. despite
36. Most 15th century Europeans believed that the world was flat and that a ship could conceivably sail off the end of the
earth__________ many sailors of the time refused to venture forth with explorers into unknown waters.
A. due to the fact that B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Whereas
37. ________ the secret of how to make silk remained inside Asia, Europeans were forced to pay incredibly high sums
of money for this mysterious material to be brought over land to Europe.
A. Although B. Only if C. Due to D. As long as
38. Ancient Egyptians mummified their dead through the use of chemicals, ______ ancient Peruvians mummfied their
dead through natural processes by putting dead bodies in extremely dry desert caves.
A. whereas B. because C. even though D. whether or not
39. Some people really enjoy swimming, ________ others are afraid of water.
A. while B. or C. despite D. in spite of
40. I was cold and wet________ Bob put on is swimming suit and went to the beach.
A. Therefore B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless
41. The sky was gray and cloudy________, we went to the beach.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
42. I turned on the fan_______ the room was hot.
A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because
43. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight________ we can find a babysitter.
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if
44. Carol showed up for the meeting______ I asked her not to be there.
A. even though B. despite C. provided that D. because
45. You must lend me the money for the trip________, I won't be able to go.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although
46. The road will remain safe_______ the flood washes out the bridge.
A. as long as B. unless C. providing that D. since
47. The roles of men and women were not the same ancient Greece. For example, men were both participants and
spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women ________, were forbidden to attend or particpate.
A. nevertheless B. on the other hand C. therefore D. otherwise
48. The window were all left open_____, the room was a real mess after the windstorm.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
49. ______ I can't make the presentation myself, I've asked my assistant to be prepared to do it for me.
A. For B. In the event that C. Only if D. On the other hand
50. It looks like they're going to succeed_______ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet
51. ________ Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she's telling the truth about the incident.
A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
52. The professor told me that I was doing well, ______ my final grade was awful!
 A. so B. therefore C. in spite of D. yet
53. ________ Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the computer train to work. She drives to work every day.
A. Now that B. While C. Although D. Incase
54. You'd better give me your answer quickly, _______ I'll withdraw the invitation.
A. although B. nevertheless C. even though D. or else
55. I have to go the meeting _________ I want to or not.
A. provided that B. whether C. even if D. only if
56. What time do you expect Ted to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed around ten, but tell him to call me
tonight_________ it's past midnight.
A. however B. in case C. even if D. as long as
57. _________ you're going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?
A. Even if B. Although C. So D. As long as
58. I guess I'm a soft touch. I just lent Jan some money for lunch________ she never paid me back my last loan.
59. I think I did okay in my speech last night______ I'd had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. even B. even C. unless D. despite the fact that
60. I asked Angela to run the office while I'm gone__________ I know I can depend on her.
A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore.
61. ________ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
A. Due to B. Even if C. Provide that D. Unless
62. To power their inventions, people have made use of natural energy sources, ________ coal, oil, water, and steam.
A. in addition to B. as C. and they use D. such as
63. _________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
64. It is still a good idea to know how to type, ________ the many technological advances in typewriters and word
processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
65. Even though a duck may live on water, it stays dry__________ the oil on its feathers. The oil prevents the water
from soaking through the feathers and reaching its skin.
A. due to B. besides C. in spite of D. in event of
66. Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in his job______ he improves his
language skills.
A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
67. _______ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
A. Unless B. Even though C. Even D. Only if
68. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen_______, it will stop burning
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
69. I studied Spanish for your years in high school _____, I had trouble taking with people when I was traveling in
Spain.
A. Therefore B. On the other hand C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
70. I'm sorry you've decided not to go with us on the river trip, but _______ you change your mind, there will still be
enough room on the boat for you.
A. even B. nevertheless C. in the even that D. provided that
71. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, _______ prefers a warm bedroom with
all windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand D. moreover
72. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ______ other species can live only in fresh water.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since
73. ______ Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn't do that.
A. if B. Ever since C. Even though D. Due to
74. We're going to lose this game________ the team doesn't start playing better soon.
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas
75. My two children are cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight ________ the food is terrible, I'm going
to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have them cook for me a change.
A. Only if B. if C. Even if D. Provided that
76. Jack insisted that he didn't need any help, _______ I helped him anyway.
A. and B. so C. besides D. but
77. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand beaches_________ it has warm,
sunny weather.
A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand
78. The flowers will soon start to bloom_______ winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get warmer.
A. event if B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
79. Only if you promise to study hard_________ to tutor you.
 A. will I agree B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
80. Camels have either one hump or two humps, the Arabian camel has one hump.
A. nevertheless B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise
Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed above it.
1. The boys stood on the desks . They wanted to get a better view. (so as to)
 The __________________________________________________________________________________________
2. We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people. (so that)
 We learn ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. We lower the volume . We don't want to bother our neighbours. (in order that)
 We lower ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. He opened the lion’s cage. He intended to feed the lion. (to)
 He opened _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn't want her mother to wait for her. (so that)
 Mary often _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Tom gets up early. He doesn't want to be late for school. (in order not to)
 Tom gets ______________________________________________________________________________________
7. You should walk slowly. Your sister can follow you. (so that)
 You should walk ________________________________________________________________________________
8. They did their job well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary. (in order that)
 They did their job _______________________________________________________________________________
9. We turned on the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity (so as not to)
 We turned on ___________________________________________________________________________________
10. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
11. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
13. Although he was disappointed, he tried to smile.
 No matter _____________________________________________________________________________________
14. His father asked him to stay at home because he was sick.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
 However _______________________________________________________________________________________
16. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
 Much as _______________________________________________________________________________________
17. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted.
 Friendly as _____________________________________________________________________________________
18. Come and sit down, whoever you are.
 It doesn’t matter ________________________________________________________________________________
19. You do any job, you should do it devotedly.
Whatever _______________________________________________________________________________________
20. Although she was ill, she went to school.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
21. He didn’t come because he was sick.
 He because of __________________________________________________________________________________
22. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
 Despite _______________________________________________________________________________________
23. The train was late because the fog was thick.
 Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
24. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully
 Despite ________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
26. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
27. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
28. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
29. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
30. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
 In spite _______________________________________________________________________________________

______ The end ______

 Chuyên đề 20 PHRASE AND CLAUSES 9AB.CD20

 CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT
CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ TƢƠNG PHẢN ( ALTHOUGH/ IN SPITE OF )

1. Cụm từ chỉ sự tƣơng phản ( mặc dù )
- In spite of / Despite + Danh từ
Ngữ danh từ
V-ing
Ex: - Despite his laziness, he passed the exam.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ sự tƣơng phản ( mặc dù )
- Although / Even though / Though + S + V
Despite the fact that
In spite of the fact that
Ex: - Although he was lazy, he passed the exam.

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO ( BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF….) : BỞI VÌ

1. Cụm từ chỉ lý do 2. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do
- Because of + Danh từ - Because / As / Since + S + V , S + V
Due to Ngữ danh từ due to the fact that
Owing to V-ing owng to the fact that

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH ( IN ORDER TO / SO THAT…..)

1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích 2. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
(not ) to so that will /would
in order (not) to + V1 (để mà/ để mà ko) S + V in order that + S + can / could + V1
so as (not) to may / might
Lƣu ý : Sau “ want, hope” có tân ngữ -> đem tân ngữ làm chủ từ cho mệnh đề 2
Ex: He gave me his address. He wanted me to contact him
=> He gave me his address so that I could contact him.

CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

1. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả
a) too….to: quá …không thể b) enough : đủ….để
S + V + too + adj / adv + To-V S + be + adj + enough + ( for O ) + to V1
S + V + too + adj / adv + for O + To-V S + V + enough + N + ( for O ) + to V1
2. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
a) so….that b) such…that
S + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V S + V + such + a / an + adj + Nít + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nít + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N nhiều + that + S + V
S + V + so + many /few + Nnhiều + that + S+ V S + V + such + adj + N kđđ + that + S + V
S + V + so + much / little + N kđđ + that +S + V
Đảo ngữ với “ so”
S1 + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V
<=> So + adj / adv + V + S1 + that + S + V

- Adj / adv + as / though + S + V

- However + Adj / Adv + S + V
- No matter Wh- + ADJ + S + V ( no matter what / how / when / where = whatever / however )
- Despite = in spite of + NP
- Although / though / eventhough + Clause
CLAUSES OF MANNER WITH (MĐ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH)
*AS (nhƣ là), AS IF & AS THOUGH(nhƣ thể là)
2. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại Ex1: She dresses as if she was/were an actress.
S + V + as if/ as though + S + V2/Ved Ex2: He talks as though he knew where she was.
Lưu ý: “were” có thể dùng cho tất cả các chủ từ ở MĐ giả định.
2. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ Ex: He talked about New York as though he had
S + Vqk + as if/ as though + S + had + V3/ved been there before.

*Would rather
3. Giả thiết ở HT hoặc TL: Ex1: Mary’s husband doesn’t work in the same office as
she does.
 S1 + would rather that + S2 + V2/ed
4. Giả thiết ở Quá Khứ:
S1 + would rather that + S2 + had + V3/V-ed
=> Mary would rather that her husband worked in the
same office as she does.
Ex2: Her husband didn’t go to the office yesterday.
=> She would rather that her husband had gone to the
office yesterday.

 BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer.
1. _______ Paul bring the money for our lunch, we'll go right down to the cafeteria.
A. Since B. As soon as C. Now that D. Until
2. My mouth is burning! This is_______ spicy food that I don't think I can finish it.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
3. Both my books _______ from my room last night.
A. were stolen and my wallet B. and my wallet were stolen
C. and my wallet was stolen D. were and my wallet was stolen
4. When______ a dictionary, you need to be able to understand the symbols and abbreviations it contains.
A. having used B. use C. to use D. using
5. Bats are fascinating_______ have many interesting and amazing qualities.
A. animals. Therefore, they B. animals, they C. animals. They D. animal. Because they
6. While_____ to help Tim with his math, I got impatient because he wouldn't pay attention to what I was saying.
A. I am trying B. having tried C. I try D. trying
7. _______ extremely bad weather in the moutains, we're no longer considering our skiing trip.
A. Due to B. Because C. Since D. Due to the fact that
8. Emily is motivated to study____ she knows that a good education can improve her life.
A. therefore B. because of C. because D. so
9. Sonia broke her leg in two place ______, she had to wear a cast and use crutches for three months.
A. Inasmuch as B. Consequently C. For that D. Because
10. Our village had______ money available for education that the schools had to close.
A. so little B. such little C. so much D. such much
11. Hundred of species of Hawaiian flowers have become extinct or rare _______ land development and the grazing of
wild goats.
A. now that B. due to C. because D. for
12. Tom Booth is one the best players in the country. We have won al of our games_____ he joined our team.
A. when B. the first C. since D. due to
13. Joe seemed to be in a good mood, _______ he snapped at me angrily when I asked him to join us.
A. yet B. so C. for D. and
14. ________ Jan arrives, we will have finished this group project.
A. By the time B. Until C. Now that D. Since
15. For the most part, young children spend their time playing, eating, and _______ a lot.
A. they sleep B. sleeping C. sleep D. they are sleeping
16. Joan worked in a vineyeard last summer ________ money for school expenses.
A. because to earn B. so she earns C. for she earned D. so that she could earn
17. __________ unprepared for the exam, I felt sure I would get a low score.
A. Being B. Having C. Because D. Upon
18. Ever since_______ Ted the bad news, he's been avoiding me.
A. telling B. told C. I told D. having told
19. ________ my daughter reaches the age of sixteen, she will be able to drive.
A. Having B. Since C. one D. Because
20. Matt will enjoy skiing more the next time he goes to Mr. Baker _____ he was had skiing lessons.
A. so that B. before C. now that D. and
21. Some people are tall, whereas others are________
A. intelligent B. thin C. short D. large
22. A box is square, whereas_______
A. a rectangle has four sides B. my village has a town square in the centre
C. we use envelopes for letters D. a circle is round
23. While some parts of the world get an abundance of rain, others________
A. are warm and humid B. are cold and wet C. get little or none D. get a lot
24. In some nations coffee in the favourite beverage, while_________
A. I like tea B. in has caffeine C. in others it is tea D. tea has caffeine too
25. Some people like cream and sugar in their coffee, while_______
A. others drink hot coffee B. others like it black
 C. milk is good in coffee, too D. sugar can cause cavities
26. Jack is an interesting storyteller and conversationalist. His brother, on the other hand, ________
A. is a newspaper reporter B. bores other people by talking about himself
C. has four children D. knows a lot of stories, too
27. I can't ride my bicycle ______ there isn't any air in one of the tires.
A. despite B. because C. although D. but
28. I got to class on time_______ I had missed by bus.
A. even though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
29. Brian used to bean active person, but now he has to limit his activities_______ problem with his health.
A. nevertheless B. because of C. although D. in spite of
30. It should be easy for Bod to find more time to spend with his children_______ he no longer has to work in the
evenings and on weekends.
A. even though B. now that C. due to D. but
31. Jake is a very good student of languages. His brother Michael, _________ has never been able to master another
language.
A. therefore B. even though C. whereas D. on the other hand
32. The ancient Aztecs of Mexico had no technology for making tools from metal ____, they had sharp knives and
spears made from a stone called obsidian.
A. Whereas B. Although C. Nevertheless D. Despite
33. Roberts missed the meeting without a good reason. She had been told that it was critical that she be there. I couldn't
want to be in her shoes at work tomorrow.
A. despite B. despite the fact that C. even D. however
34. I usually enjoy attending amateur productions in small community theaters. The play we attended last night,
_______ was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
A. therefore B. however C. whereas D. even though
35. Some snakes are poisonous, _______ other are harmless.
A. but B. so C. for D. despite
36. Most 15th century Europeans believed that the world was flat and that a ship could conceivably sail off the end of the
earth__________ many sailors of the time refused to venture forth with explorers into unknown waters.
A. due to the fact that B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D. Whereas
37. ________ the secret of how to make silk remained inside Asia, Europeans were forced to pay incredibly high sums
of money for this mysterious material to be brought over land to Europe.
A. Although B. Only if C. Due to D. As long as
38. Ancient Egyptians mummified their dead through the use of chemicals, ______ ancient Peruvians mummfied their
dead through natural processes by putting dead bodies in extremely dry desert caves.
A. whereas B. because C. even though D. whether or not
39. Some people really enjoy swimming, ________ others are afraid of water.
A. while B. or C. despite D. in spite of
40. I was cold and wet________ Bob put on is swimming suit and went to the beach.
A. Therefore B. Despite C. Although D. Nevertheless
41. The sky was gray and cloudy________, we went to the beach.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. In spite of
42. I turned on the fan_______ the room was hot.
A. due to B. despite C. even though D. because
43. Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight________ we can find a babysitter.
A. although B. unless C. otherwise D. only if
44. Carol showed up for the meeting______ I asked her not to be there.
A. even though B. despite C. provided that D. because
45. You must lend me the money for the trip________, I won't be able to go.
A. Consequently B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Although
46. The road will remain safe_______ the flood washes out the bridge.
A. as long as B. unless C. providing that D. since
47. The roles of men and women were not the same ancient Greece. For example, men were both participants and
spectators in the ancient Olympics. Women ________, were forbidden to attend or particpate.
A. nevertheless B. on the other hand C. therefore D. otherwise
48. The window were all left open_____, the room was a real mess after the windstorm.
A. Nevertheless B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
49. ______ I can't make the presentation myself, I've asked my assistant to be prepared to do it for me.
A. For B. In the event that C. Only if D. On the other hand
50. It looks like they're going to succeed_______ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. because of C. even though D. yet
51. ________ Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she's telling the truth about the incident.
 A. In spite of B. Since C. Though D. In the event that
52. The professor told me that I was doing well, ______ my final grade was awful!
A. so B. therefore C. in spite of D. yet
53. ________ Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the computer train to work. She drives to work every day.
A. Now that B. While C. Although D. Incase
54. You'd better give me your answer quickly, _______ I'll withdraw the invitation.
A. although B. nevertheless C. even though D. or else
55. I have to go the meeting _________ I want to or not.
A. provided that B. whether C. even if D. only if
56. What time do you expect Ted to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed around ten, but tell him to call me
tonight_________ it's past midnight.
A. however B. in case C. even if D. as long as
57. _________ you're going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?
A. Even if B. Although C. So D. As long as
58. I guess I'm a soft touch. I just lent Jan some money for lunch________ she never paid me back my last loan.
59. I think I did okay in my speech last night______ I'd had almost no sleep for 24 hours.
A. even B. even C. unless D. despite the fact that
60. I asked Angela to run the office while I'm gone__________ I know I can depend on her.
A. unless B. since C. although D. therefore.
61. ________ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
A. Due to B. Even if C. Provide that D. Unless
62. To power their inventions, people have made use of natural energy sources, ________ coal, oil, water, and steam.
A. in addition to B. as C. and they use D. such as
63. _________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet company.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
64. It is still a good idea to know how to type, ________ the many technological advances in typewriters and word
processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
65. Even though a duck may live on water, it stays dry__________ the oil on its feathers. The oil prevents the water
from soaking through the feathers and reaching its skin.
A. due to B. besides C. in spite of D. in event of
66. Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in his job______ he improves his
language skills.
A. otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
67. _______ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
A. Unless B. Even though C. Even D. Only if
68. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen_______, it will stop burning
A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However
69. I studied Spanish for your years in high school _____, I had trouble taking with people when I was traveling in
Spain.
A. Therefore B. On the other hand C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
70. I'm sorry you've decided not to go with us on the river trip, but _______ you change your mind, there will still be
enough room on the boat for you.
A. even B. nevertheless C. in the even that D. provided that
71. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, _______ prefers a warm bedroom with
all windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand D. moreover
72. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ______ other species can live only in fresh water.
A. whereas B. unless C. if D. since
73. ______ Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn't do that.
A. if B. Ever since C. Even though D. Due to
74. We're going to lose this game________ the team doesn't start playing better soon.
A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas
75. My two children are cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight ________ the food is terrible, I'm going
to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have them cook for me a change.
A. Only if B. if C. Even if D. Provided that
76. Jack insisted that he didn't need any help, _______ I helped him anyway.
A. and B. so C. besides D. but
77. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand beaches_________ it has warm,
sunny weather.
A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. On the other hand
78. The flowers will soon start to bloom_______ winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get warmer.
 A. event if B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
79. Only if you promise to study hard_________ to tutor you.
A. will I agree B. agree I C. I agree D. I will agree
80. Camels have either one hump or two humps, the Arabian camel has one hump.
A. nevertheless B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise
Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed above it.
31. The boys stood on the desks . They wanted to get a better view. (so as to)
 The __________________________________________________________________________________________
32. We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people. (so that)
 We learn ______________________________________________________________________________________
33. We lower the volume . We don't want to bother our neighbours. (in order that)
 We lower ______________________________________________________________________________________
34. He opened the lion’s cage. He intended to feed the lion. (to)
 He opened _____________________________________________________________________________________
35. Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn't want her mother to wait for her. (so that)
 Mary often _____________________________________________________________________________________
36. Tom gets up early. He doesn't want to be late for school. (in order not to)
 Tom gets ______________________________________________________________________________________
37. You should walk slowly. Your sister can follow you. (so that)
 You should walk ________________________________________________________________________________
38. They did their job well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary. (in order that)
 They did their job _______________________________________________________________________________
39. We turned on the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity (so as not to)
 We turned on ___________________________________________________________________________________
40. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
41. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
43. Although he was disappointed, he tried to smile.
 No matter _____________________________________________________________________________________
44. His father asked him to stay at home because he was sick.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
45. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
 However _______________________________________________________________________________________
46. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
 Much as _______________________________________________________________________________________
47. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted.
 Friendly as _____________________________________________________________________________________
48. Come and sit down, whoever you are.
 It doesn’t matter ________________________________________________________________________________
49. You do any job, you should do it devotedly.
Whatever _______________________________________________________________________________________
50. Although she was ill, she went to school.
In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________________
51. He didn’t come because he was sick.
 He because of __________________________________________________________________________________
52. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
 Despite _______________________________________________________________________________________
53. The train was late because the fog was thick.
 Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
54. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully
 Despite ________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
56. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
57. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
58. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
59. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Because of _____________________________________________________________________________________
60. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
 In spite _______________________________________________________________________________________
 ĐÁP ÁN
1. The boy stood on the desks so as to get a better view.
2. We learn English so that we will /can have a better communication with other people.
3. We lower the volume in order that we won’t bother our neighbours.
4. He opened the lion’s cage to feed the lion.
5. Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over so that her mother won’t have to wait for her.
6. Tom gets up early in order not to be late for school.
7. You should walk slowly so that your sister can follow you.
8. They did their job well in order that the boss would increase their salary.
9. We turned on the lights so as not to waste electricity.
10. In spite of the cold weather, she wasn’t wearing the coat.
11. Because of being rich, Hoas could buy that house.
12. In spite of not speaking the language, ……………………
13. No matter how disappointed he was, …………………..
14. Because of being sick, he was asked to stay at home by his father.
15. However good his English was, he wasn’t chosen.
16. Much as I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
17. Friendly as he seems,……………………….
18. It doesn’t matter who you are, come and sit down.
19. Whatever job you do, …………………………….
20. In spite of her illness, she went to school.
21. He didn’t come because of his sickness
22. Despite her hunger, She didn’t eat much
23. Because of the thick fog, The train was late
24. Despite being tired, she did all her homework carefully.
25. Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.
26. Because of having a bad cold, she didn't go to the circus with Betty.
27. Because of working hard, John succeeded in his exam.
28. Because of her mother's sickness, she stayed at home.
29. Because of his father's kindness, I like him.
30. In spite of the difficulty of English grammar, we like to study it.