PRACTICE SCHOOL REPORT

ON
RETAIL PHARMACY
……………………………………………………………………

Submitted to

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD-500007

TELANGANA, INDIA.

Submitted by

H.T. No. 170820881001 – MOHD IMRAN

H.T. No. 170820881013 – SIMRANARUSA
H.T. No. 170820881019 – RIQIYA BEGUM
H.T. No. 170820881058- SYED ASIF

Under the Guidance of

Dr. P. BHARATH RATHNA KUMAR M.PHARM., PH.D.,
PROFESSOR AND HOD
DEPARTMENT OF
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

ANWARUL ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

A Muslim Minority Institution, Affiliated to OU, Approved by AICTE and PCI.
New Mallepally, Hyderabad-500001, T.S

MARCH - 2024
 ANWARUL ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
(A Muslim Minority Institution)
Affiliated to OU, Approved by AICTE and PCI.
New Mallepally, Hyderabad-500001, T.S

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Practice School Report on “RETAIL PHARMACY” submitted to OSMANIA
UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD-500007 - TELANGANA, INDIA. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, has been successfully carried out by H.T. No. 170820881001
– MOHD IMRAN, H.T. No. 170820881013 – SIMRAN ARUSA, H.T. No. 170820881019 – RIQIYA BEGUM,
H.T. No. 170820881058- SYED ASIF during the academic year 2023-24.

Signature of principle
Signature of HOD Dr. A. Venkateshwar Reddy
Dr. P. Bharath Rathna Kumar M. Pharm., Ph.D., M. pharm.,Ph.,D.,FICCP
Professor and HOD Dept. of Ph. Chemistry Professor & principal
Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy
Hyderabad-T.S. India New mallepally,Hyderabad

Signature of External examiner

Signature of guide
Dr. P. Bharath Rathna Kumar M. Pharm., Ph.D.,
Professor and HOD Dept. of Ph. Chemistry
Anwarul Uloom College of Pharmacy
Hyderabad-T.S. India
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that the Seminar report on topics entitled “RETAIL PHARMACY ” has been

prepared by and submitted to Department of Pharmaceutics, Anwarul Uloom College of

Pharmacy, New Mallepally, Hyderabad, T.S.

By

MOHD IMRAN
SIMRANARUSA
RIQIYA BEGUM
SYED ASIF
 CONTENTS

TITLE OF CONTENT Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 LAYOUT OF RETAIL PHARMACY 6

3 MEDICAL AUDITS 9

4 NASIDS 12

5 ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS 15

6 ANTI MALARIA DRUGS 17

7 ANTI VIRAL DRUGS 20

8 ANTI HYPERTENTIVE 21

9 CONCULSION 23

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 RETAIL PHARMACY

INTRODUCTION

The retail pharmacy can be defined as a pharmacy acting act as a retail store selling drugs in patients. Retail pharmacies
were used at “community” pharmacies or the fact that they sere located all over the community for ease of access, Retail
pharmacy is a pharmacy drugs are sold to patients, as opposed to a hospital pharmacy abo known as a community
pharmacy

EMPLOYMENT AS A RETAIL PHARMACIST INVOLVES:

a) Providing advice about health issues, symptoms and medication in response to customer enquiries.
b) Recruiting, training and managing staff.
c) Processing prescription and dispensing medication.
d) Ordering and selling medicines and other stock.
e) Meeting medical representatives.
f) Managing budgets.
g) Keeping statistical and financial records.
h) Preparing publicity materials and display.

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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A RETAIL PHARMACIST:

ROLES:

a) Reviewing and executing physician’s prescriptions, checking their appropriateness and legality.
b) Organizing the pharmacy in an efficient manner to make the identification of products easier and faster.
c) Maintaining full control over delivering, stocking and labelling medicine and other products.
d) The pharmacist must be fully qualified to interpret symptoms so that the patient can either be given immediate
treatment for air lifting condition or to be referred to the suitable doctor.
e) Pharmacists must also be able to provide professional advice on cosmetics or para pharmaceuticals.
RESPONSIBILITIES:

The consultative group of the World Health Organization listed the following responsibilities as the professional
responsibilities of the community pharmacists. The International Pharmaceutical Federation also confirms the same.
a)Processing of the prescriptions.
b)Dispensing.
c)Patient counselling.
d)Drug information services.
e)Health promotion.
f)Health screening services.
g)Responding to symptoms of minor ailments.

LAYOUT OF COMMUNITY (RETAIL) PHARMACY:

Personnel present : Managing pharmacist, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, pharmacy assistants, sales personnel. Staff
management includes identifying training needs and providing appropriate training, management to develop a team
approach, continuing professional development of professional personnel.
Premises: Areas available for dispensing, storage of medicines, patient counselling, health promotion.
Equipment: Dispensing equipment, diagnostic equipment for point-of-care testing (e.g., blood pressure measurement,
blood testing).
Documentation and Information: Registers to be kept at the pharmacy, IT-supported systems for documentation of
pharmacist actions and for maintaining pharmacy patient profiles drug information sources (books and electronic access)
Dispensary Area: Area should be spacious and designed in such a way as to promote communication between pharmacist
and patient.
Storage of Medicines: Sufficient storage space to store medicines in a dry place, temperature control of areas where
medicines are stored.
OBJECTIVES OF LAYOUT

1. Optimum utilization of man, trial and space.

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 2. To minimize the selling expenses by handling the drugs ormedicine efficiently.
3. Minimize the delays in dispensing by providing convenient service centres.
4. To provide optimum space for reserve stack office and visiting place for employees.
5. To provide efficient supervision and dispensing control and reduce to chances of theft.
6. To minimize the movements of customers within the Premises.
7. To attract the large number of customers.

ARRANGEMENT OF PHARMACY RETAIL STORE:

One of the most difficult challenges in starting a new community or retail pharmacy is arrangement of medical products.
This challenge is not only limited to community or retail pharmacy alone. After renting a place, it is important to make a
good plan on how the drugs will be arranged. This will go a long way in helping to plan the type of shelf and the store
arrangement. The plan system should put into account so many factors. This will make it easy for the staffs.
STORAGE CONDITIONS

A Pharmacy should for sufficient area equipped with cabinets and racks as keeping medicine on floor can lead to
contamination and breakage of medicine.
Pharmacy follows systematic method of arranging medicine on shelves such as Alphabetical order,Numerical order
(Block System, Decimal System), Mnemonic method , Alpha numerical method. These methods of storing is as called as
codin

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STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR VARIOUS PRODUCTS IN A PHARMACY:

TYPES OF MEDICAL PRODUCT ARRANGEMENT

There are several arrangement methods that can be employed. Each company have to choose the one that is best suitable
for their environment. However, only four are really applicable s hospital and community or retail pharmacy.
1. Alphabetic order of generic name.
2. Therapeutic or pharmacologic category.
3. Dosage form.
4. Frequency.

TIPS FOR ARRANGING PHARMACY RETAIL STORE:

Retail store planning and design is the strategic use of space to influence customer purchasing experience in a positive
way. Below are some tips listed to think about, when planning your pharmacy retail store.
1. The Right Floor.
2. Enough Space.
3. Good Lighting.

PRACTICE SUMMARY:

1. Community pharmacy practice requires management skills and involves continuing education and development
of personnel.

2. Setting up and maintaining a community pharmacy requires consideration of physical aspects of storage and
handling of medicines as well as quality aspects.

3. Documentation of processes carried out in the pharmacy is essential. Quality systems are required to ensure good
standards and to promote the value of patient-focused services offered from community pharmacies.

4. The development of patient-focused pharmacy services and the orientation of pharmacist actions towards
individual patient care enhance the practice of pharmaceutical care in the community.

5. Community pharmacy practice should be undertaken in collaboration with other health professionals and with
pharmacy institutions in other settings to ensure seamless care is provided.

MEDICAL AUDIT:

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Medical auditing, like all audits, is the process of examining and reviewing documents and records to ensure accuracy.
Medical auditing takes it a step further and examines medical records to ensure that doctors and medical facilities are in
compliance with the rules and regulations of the medical field.
Medical auditing involves conducting internal or external reviews of coding accuracy, policies and procedures to ensure
that you are managing an efficient and clean operation. Audits are performed not only to ensure compliance but to make
sure there is no missed revenue for the provider.
DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF MEDICAL AUDIT:
1.Medical audit is a systematic approach to peer review of medical care in order to identify opportunities for
improvement and provide a mechanism for realizing them.
2.Medical audit and clinical audit are often used interchangeably, but clinical audit might be considered to cover all
aspects of clinical care.
3 .It complements and may partly overlap financial audit, utilization review, and management of resources, but is
primarily clinical, not managerial, it focuses on the process and results of medical care rather than the use of resources
and it is the responsibility of doctors rather than managers.
GUIDELINES OF MEDICAL (AUDIT-SEVEN PRINCIPLES):

1. Health authorities and medical staff should define explicitly their respective responsibilities for the quality of
patient care. Health authorities and managers would not claim to be competent to make judgments on the
technical quality of medical care. A mechanism should be available to tackle issues for which it is uncertain
whether responsibility lies with medical staff or with managers.

2. Medical staff should organize themselves in order to fulfil responsibilities for audi.Taking action to improve
clinical performance at regional heath authority level, it may be appropriate to have an advisory committer able to
give advice, coordinate district activity, and establish mechanisms for audit of regional specialties and district
subspecialties.

3. Each hospital and specialty should agree to a regular programmed of audit in which doctors in all grades
participate. Each program of audit should define priorities for reviewing inpatients, day patients, and outpatients
every year.

4. The process of audit should be relevant, objective, quantified, repeatable, and able to effect appropriate change in
organization of the service and clinical practice. The performance of audit and the specific chosen should be
relevant to the care of patient and to the training and education of doctors.

5. Clinicians should be provided with the resources for medical audit. Audit should be recognized as a legitimate
part of the work of clinicians. At least half a session a week should be assigned to educational activities, including
medical audit, this will vary among specialties and according to the clerical and technical support available.

6. The process and outcome of medical audit should be documented. Data analysis and audit of individual patients
and doctors must be confidential. Records should be kept of the data of audit meetings and attendance, issues
evaluated, items for improvement, identified actions taken or planned and results of this action.

TYPES OF AUDITS

1. Self -Audit.
2. External – Audit.
3. Internal- Audit.

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GROUND RULES FOR CHOOSING AN AUDIT SUBJECT
1. Let has tots and practice.
2. Relevant to professional practice and develop.
3. Significant or some of patient’s care.
4. Likely to reply investment of time, effort and money involved.
PLANNING AN AUDIT:

1. Define the nature of perceived problem.

2.Produce a clear written statement of aims.
3. Select the most appropriate method.
4. Decide upon other basic design features.
5. Identify the main analysis to be made.
6. State who the audit will involve.
7.Start small, have a short time- scale and proceed step by step.
8.Indicate how the possible need for change is to be handled.
PRESENTATION OF DATA:

1. The analysis of data produces results that needs to be converted into information which the practice team can
understand and to which they can relate.

2. Trends or insights must be presented in a visual way that communicates the information effectively.
Nasids-(non- steroidal
Anti-inflammatory drugs)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is a class of analgesic medication that reduces pain,fever,&inflammation.
NASIDS are cleared from the blood stream by the kidney thus, precautions should be taken to avoid kidney damage &
disease when NSAID are taken over an extended period.

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 Drug Brand Mechanism of action Side Uses
Name Effects
Paracip 500 tablet works by It is used to treat
1.Paracetamol Paracip-500 interfering with the 1.Nausea. headache
Tablets IP Tablet production of a natural 2.Stomach migraine,
chemical substance called Pain. toothaches, sore
(500 mg ) CIPLA Ltd prostaglandins, which is 3.Dark coloured throats, period
responsible for the fever, Urine. (menstrual)
swelling and sensation of pains, arthritis,
pain. It also acts on the area of muscle aches,
the brain which is responsible and the common
for controlling body cold.
temperature.

2.Cefixime Tablets IP Taxim-O 200 Tablet Taxim-O 200 tablet works by Diarrhoea, It is used to treat
Alkem laboratories inhibiting the growth of nausea, vomiting, bacterial
(200 mg) Ltd bacterial cell walls, which stomach pain, infections of the
ultimately leads to the itching or skin ear, nose, throat,
bacteria's death. Taxim O rash, headache, sinus, urinary
should be taken as directed by dizziness, tract,
the doctor and in doses and biliary tract .
duration as prescribed.

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 3.Pantoprazole PAN 40 tablet Pan 40 tablet reduces the acid Headache It is commonly
Tablets IP(40mg) Aklem laboratories Ltd production in the stomach by diarrhoea, used for the
blocking or inhibiting a pump nausea, diagnosis or
called the proton pump abdomina-l pain, treatment of
responsible for the secretion vomiting, Gastro-
of stomach acid. This helps in flatulence, esophageal
relieving acidity, promotes dizziness, and reflux disease,
healing of ulcers and reduces arthralgia Heartburn,
acid reflux. Euophagus
inflammation,
Stomach ulcers.

4.Ibuprofen Ibugesic-200 tablet Ibuprofen is a non-selective 1. DNA Used to reduce

Tablets IP (200mg) CIPLA Ltd inhibitor of an enzyme called DAMAGE fever and to
cyclooxygenase (COX), relieve minor
which is required for the 2. ΑΝΕΜΙΑ aches and pain
synthesis of prostaglandins from headaches,
via the arachidonic acid 3. muscle aches,
pathway. HYPERTENSIO arthritis,
N menstrual
periods, the
4. HEARING common cold,
LOSS toothache.

12
13
 Brand Mechanism of Side Uses
Name Action Effects

Mode of action of isoniazid convulsions Isoniazid is used to treat

1.Isoniazid Tablet IP Solonex-300 tablet (INH) is to inhibit bacterial (seizures) tuberculosis (TB) or
(300mg) Macleod’s pharmaceutical cell wall synthesis following prevent its return
Pvt Ltd. activation by the bacterial • fever and sore (reactivation).It
catalase- peroxidase enzyme throat. may be given alone, or
KatG in Mycobacterium in combination with
tuberculosis. • joint pain. other medicines, to treat
TB or to prevent its
• mental return.
depression.

• mood or other
mental changes.

• skin rash.
2.Ofloxacin Tablet IP Floxavin-200 Mechanism of action is Ofloxacin is used to
(200 mg) Tablet inhibition of bacterial DNA • black, tarry treat bacterial infections
McLain Ltd gyrase. In vitro it has a stools. of the skin, lungs,
broad spectrum of activity prostate, or urinary tract
against aerobic Gram- • bleeding gums. (bladder and kidneys).
negative and Gram- positive Ofloxacin is also used
bacteria, although it is • blood in the urine to treat pelvic
poorly active against or stools. inflammatory disease
anaerobes. and Chlamydia and/or
• body aches or gonorrhea.
pain.
Chest pain

Drug Brand name Mechanism of action Side effects Uses

3.Ethionamide Ethomid-250 Tablet Ethionamide is a prodrug 1.Nausea used together with other
Tablet IP Macleod’s Ltd which is activated by the medicines to treat
(250mg) enzyme ethA, a mono- 2.Headache tuberculosis (TB).
oxygenase in Ethionamide belongs to
Mycobacterium 3.Diarrhoea the class of medicines
tuberculosis, and then binds called antibiotics and
NAD+ to form an adduct 4.Dizziness works to kill or prevent
14 which inhibits InhA in the 5.Blindness the growth of bacteria.
same way as isoniazid. The However, it will not
mechanism of action is 6.Metallic taste work for colds, flu, or
Anti-tubercular drugs

Antitubercular medications are a group of drugs used to treat tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M-TB), an acid-fast aerobic bacteria that can grow on gram stain as either gram-positive or
gram-negative.

ANTI- MALARIA.
*it is a mosquito-born disease transmitted by female Anophelesmosquito.
*Afflicts more than 500 million people i.e.,40% of world population, 90% of which live in Africa.
*Responsible for over a million of deaths/year

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DRUG NAME BRAND NAME MECHANISMS OF SIDE USES
ACTION EFFECT

CHLOROQUINE LARIAGO *Concentrating in parasite *Ocular *To prevent &

(250)MG RESOCHIN food vacuole. (reduced visual treat malaria
TABLET IP. *Preventing the axillary) *treat amoebiasis
polymerisation of Hb *hallucination
breakdown protein. *threaten *photogenic
*Hemo into hemozoin. hypotension. reactions.
*eliciting parasite toxicity
due to build up of free
hemo.

ARTEMISININ BRAVADO LABS. *killing parasite is *vomiting *treat and prevent

TABLET IP MED PRO. mediated by production *nausea from
(100 MG) free radicles *dizziness chill
*artemisinin derivatives fever
attacking endoperoxide. and malaria
* anti oxidants blocks
antimalarial activity.

it is a semi – synthetic
derivatives group of drugs
.

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CLINDAMYCIN CLINDATININE *Clindamycin inhibits *Burning at *Intra-abdominal
(300)MG protein synthesis by application site infection
CAPSULE reversibly binding to 50s
*Lower
ribosomal sub unit. *severe
respiratory
diarrhoea.
infection
*blocking the
transpeptidation or *redness *septicaemia
translocation reaction.
*dryskin

QUININE KROSQUINE. *IT in inhibits nucleic acid *blurred vision *treat malaria
(600)MG INJECTION INTAS synthesis,peotein synthesis
and glycolysis in * change in color *management of
plasmodium falciparum and vision malaria in HIV
can bind with hemazoin in
parasitized erythrocytes *change in
behaviour

` `

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Anti-viral.
INTRODUCTION:
*Medication used for used treating viral infections.
*target specific viruses.
*broad-spectrum anti-viral is effective against a wide range of viruses.

CLASSIFICATION:

DRUG BRAND MECHANISM OF SIDE USES

ACTION EFFECTS

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 ZANAMIVIR *RELENZA * Zanamivir is via *Shortness of *Treat sore
(20)MG INHALATION *VIRENZA* inhibition of breath. throat.
POWDER. influenza virus
neuraminidase with *wheezing. *cough.
the possibility of
alteration of virus *trouble *muscles ache.
particle aggregate Breathing.
and release.

PERAMIVIR *RAPIVAB. *competitively *confusion *headache

INJECTION *BIOCRYST. binds to the active
200MG/200ML site of the influenza * dizziness *sore throat.
virus
neuraminidase *weakness
and inhibit the
activity of strain of
influenza A & B
virus

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 OSELTAMIVIR *FLUVIR *it is a *dark urine *treat the
*OSELVIR neuraminidase infection caused
CAPSULE inhibitor of *fainting by flu
ORAL influenza virus( influenza A
SUSPENSION neuraminidase *hives & B).
enzyme.
*the enzyme cleaves * welts
the salicylic acid
found on
glycoprotein on the
surface of human
cell that help new
virion to exit the
cell.

RIMANTIDINE *GLOBAL *it appears to exert *trouble *treat influenza A

TABLET IP *AMNEAL its inhibitory effect sleeping infection when
100MG early in the viral administered
replicative *dry mouth within the first 48
cycle,possibly hrs of symptoms.
inhibit the
uncoating of the
virus.

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CONCLUSION:-

Retail pharmacists have solidified their roles within the healthcare team by being one of the most highly accessible
healthcare providers in the community and assisting their patients in maintaining continuity of care by educating patients
on disease management (ie, Certified Diabetes Educator), chronic therapy management, administering immunizations,
and narrowing the communication gap between physicians and patients. In doing so, the retail pharmacist is assisting in
the new healthcare reform by improving healthcare outcomes in patients and lowering overall healthcare costs.

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REFERENCES:-

1)V. Alagarswamy, Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, Volume-II.

2)Dr. S.S. Kadam, Dr. K.R. Mahadik, Dr. K.G. Bothra. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Volume-I.

3) K.D. Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th Edition.

4) A.Ramesh, B. G. Nagavi and K. V. Ramanath. Critical review of community Pharmacies.

5)https://en.m.wikipedia.org/

6)https://www.medindia.net/drug-price/

7)https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds

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