cum

fmal B
Thyumay
A
all
me
boes hat slaes
Law Zelate
 fALBRUM oaitha
cAumical Sputibna
pamreus bitlorical and iasuneulal frcess

Ale in ta hanipat Ldlireyqo fim

ineting Co moteulu and
Co

’ hea fud aapaales in a doxd

inalbaiauay haleubs4 witt lahely lipf

shake tas lud susfae and a Mekaiid

This calledeiudbaum Çkate

the micha eactamts ond produck ia
tfoL euibaus state to called
eeuibium miahis!

’wan te reahnte in a clored essel

Palhadak temp
tempaahl reat to fe mutk ta
ncenhaion

ibis skaye4 th
ygtea dgnamiquihbium.
meacho bueus equal
 P incate tha

simul tamsly
en the satent
roceed to eat
uce tareactins
be dasthed in the fpa

cemaplahia and amy nuglsble conentyaim

dikerk ttu
(2Taeattaa eathons in wsfaiib
Smal anuks Apmed amd
most th neactont remaia
nchasyed at equtiis Slape
in w a t e
therealtomtis
aMd prauck asi campanabla
 aeachn in
opesienlal
ndihoA such as Conceaahim 4
Yeactanks, lempesahe ete

putitium in phia paauceql

sald luid

A plaase bamsfrmahm procsres

stid- iguid spuilibaum =Rate

Rare a melti
atmaplauik
Gnd lad phaus ase at euitibnum acalled
thu nonmal mellap p (m nmmal foezirt
asubslmu

Both the eppasin pnce ocOcea

siaulkanly
Sam ate So that the ameA

(vap)
Rate q9 eaporation := Rate q condensahon
 trttapna)
Rale n sablimahinaRate 4dypaha,
uitibnun inialing dissolutinn q cotd

SaBadsin ude
disstae

amt walea

freparet by dissoluing inseaa ast

Ta a satuatel ssta

th satuaky meleculy ia Setd

state cad in taStdutjm
 Co2
nsl
gntemp Csoln)
sesuya -Supa
a a Cstn)
soSSolute
cs
datmslzmt Meling
eahu.
vepsun Lisud
4
Londucia
satent. te abne Sas Pressu
as that States which lau" HeAnys
foreaid
by euiibiuna This
wndu içud tr dissved
in Pressune
meteculey
te emd ctate goKAs al melecules
în
betwen guitbnu
presSU ditent diexde
at
bn Cal lapidly
phunemene the
diselal ças nidetLLcabm
di
opend botttei wale an
 conides aganenal rereabl
eacthin
tBcto.

balancd
authu praducs. Sn the
chamial quahion.

taat the concesratns in am

thefallsaing eutibiun uhn

(mot Lmi 2mo

At a gieA fempeahk, tha paudut

Lonceabahm 4 tae heachon poduck
mid the espeche stojchiomenc.
euahoo dirided by the Praduct q
equahim
ancenatins tta reactomts aisedh thu
iadindual suidiomunc weffiets has a

Lau o Lau 4 chmicl quihium

aA +bB cCtdD

Lenhaha 4 ta eactants emd produts

Comcenhahm

Lrtizco,7S

2fiibium Loostmt the eene

eac h i n s the înrye

Taeepiiibium Loostant focta

at- th

ke
tHomeeLAUA Squtiba

in tá asS
TeaChin,
f

Taeideal ges equahn ds ksaittenau

T- Teosperahuin keli
D eatahon
coneenhaban epxecrelRa motla
 Ane reahsg in eutbiun

-ke

Da this aspl kpke both equitibnam

oslonts al
alsas ticah
Fmezample in eachm,

Cotyler]2
 coplCHace

Simay, foca fenal reaim,

aA+ bRcc +do

Riattomtk) hte balaned

chunaia eeahm
Heapes spuibia!

Sçuitibaum acslemn daauiag more

amopase called besspnLs
equiibsum"
Ta eputbrium beween water rapu
walen in a coa contan s
exampl4 LaleaeUs etirium
Caðcot

Ke eCcao ca]Ccoscpl
Ccatat

cmel t
npeinuakedy

Pe 2,00

nioontfeatuss q euitibim cnastatHia

D
Concenatm
aore cattained oamtt
Comaomt valula
ralul ab eeutbium
Stae

ideneadeat
Yeachoms amel
Daabal
Producs.
mnhahmg tee
 Spuiiiun comstomt s tempelat

balanad eaakmaagien Lempe

eahah.
Tuequitbaium Coslat fac
tf eeLse eachitn ia cpual to the

The equibsun costalk

f a reactiam s nelaled to the
eyuoum coostnk
xeatiom

Appliatims euilirium coostan

predick ttdiiechon q tu
eahon,
calulae equti batn cmcenhahmt
Paditig ta eont aa Rachn!

cancoahahks
Pafackuna h the
cSncen
eihaatk This îmliea bahs
aat a
 keloPoduk predominate

300k

bSreactomt
kecio redeminate

tbo t toat bro k

Reachm
Both actms Reactim oneeds
hady omd n t s algoct to
Procods
t qwtmm

Eodicing the deca the Raathim'

Puapns we calaato thrRaaLhim suone

hanStchemen
Xachom hnolrein
taA SulAlan
each balamed he2adnbabl nalaoe
s ium alalah
s reachm the
ato
eyuitiria
CAT^CR
PressueA.
puaiea Raattitn
Cmcembahm
at equttmiwm
mut guiehium
the K-
 subshhute th epuitbajuhu ColRnbasas
amd tre for.
Calulate tu euilbaium concenhahtns

them int teepulihari kubgtihur

epuaDm

4G 2-Ve th eatkm sÅ Sppakeotsus

anne ds la the fusald dnchoa

foasard eachm i be ctoenLe to the

Yeatms?

RT
 AG
amd- T >l, masd kzL

tth oduck a pretnt

Aredanainaasuf
neyalieamd

Aatha affechit Seuitaia

indpealak

Le chalalieds Pinupe'
T stae taat a
tie itbium Cmdihins chane
 Csu Lfe
yellos
EecscN)1 F
chayeal
Comconha effect
a minimize
the to
equilibium
rachn
a a' prosdu5
in
tomes sus
hes that dineckon
NNed Shes
aThlnenhaham
Sutston Added
coumest that ciechm the ia
Deachon
added Shes
4 ncenbabm Th 2
Om
tati pdicks princpl chatdias Je
Lnenhakim
hagse
esuiha chemical and
ttuca effect tae
te
 O02 M

ptasium this cyanal Solubion

atainiy equthaena

shfted in the oppoake drechion

ScY.

cmstm cmdom insr ças such a

aran added whcchdoa not
talse pal in tu eachtan te
euaaiun remais ndthubd

at cmst oum
The adda an tnew sas
doey nut chae
tapahal peLlAe or tu neta
taeeaehon.
Chaes onyTâreacto
if the added pas
iovored in tk
neachkum
 +
dorubldahn Pres 224
Val n T
effect shady
Presn Fftect
ntact
ER. ARITZ quitbium affee
not doey amd Shak rhn
thimh pstaak eachos baclcusaud amd
producb. 4eattonts
to coaresm
cakalysl
A
Reachm
 CwH> 73
TaRatin rgceeds ia thef a l e

AH= -q23 kIlmo'

An
57-2 kjh

endotumic
endo thmi ’ ^Temp favos
foros
Suiibum in chamial pretese QyoaAz.
Spuilloium

tâL pks md ta Rattesatk emaits

This l the stae Q chesmital

utimim
This eeutiium dyname n hatac
a fwasd achm

fone.

Attainmunt 4 chsical eputn

eattios
ennpasihoa'
 Sechae- substame coneleu

shtny elehdyler Ln.ieahm

ln

wlak electtes Pauhal Looseahran.

acha

3t

Spuiibium tauetung îensin

Ads, Bases amd salk'

Ad Sou
ytun be itmupape> ad

wtk nmal
Baces bitteaefeel Soapat
 Cwaler
deeCok Subglmtes
tâat
ho
eater
i'ssocal-es
in sabshancs
that Acids
Rakai and Atids comept rhenius
hen
hadiua te mstamtd'elechaL
prpntimal
ho aeinvely chayey tuo
btuse Ay staht elech The
atactim.o faeselechiostahe
hogetlu
by aldchayedddaid
ims
Prtpahim)
)lizahm
tHho Salt thau aid
teachve and cannt oicfely ia
)Tbmds h ttae
ahorn a cobeat Cwatel) ks ge

H
H

14

Mot Mt tot
Coy

) DE does hot accewnt d

ammnia