Southeast University

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

Spring 2024
LAB Report

Course Name : Control Systems Laboratory

Course Code : EEE336.2

Experiment No : 02
Experiment Name : : Modeling of physical systems (case study: Cruise
Control System)
Date of Performance : 22/03/2024
Date of Submission : 05/04/2024

Submitted By, Submitted to,

Name : Hasan Faiyaz Jahir Emon Md. Manzurul Hasan
ID : 2021200520014 Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
Batch : 09-A SEU
Objective:
to maintain a constant vehicle speed despite external disturbances, such as changes
in wind or road grade. This is accomplished by measuring the vehicle speed,
comparing it to the desired or reference speed, and automatically adjusting the
throttle according to a control law.. These models can be used to understand the
system's dynamics, predict its behavior under different conditions, and design or
control the system for desired outcomes. Modeling allows engineers and scientists
to study complex systems, such as electrical circuits, mechanical systems, or
biological processes, in a controlled and systematic way, leading to insights that
can be used for optimization, troubleshooting, and innovation.

Theory:
To understand and control physical systems, one of the initial requirements is to
obtain the mathematical models of these systems. A model is the one that
quantitatively describes the relationship between the input and output of a dynamic
system. To model systems, we use physical laws, such as Kirchhoff’s laws for
electrical networks and Newton’s law for mechanical systems, along with
simplifying assumptions. Now we will see how these laws can be utilized to model
a simple cruise control system.
Modeling is used in a wide range of applications, including electrical and
mechanical systems, chemical processes, biological systems, environmental
studies, and more. It plays a crucial role in modern engineering and science,
helping to optimize designs, improve performance, and advance our understanding
of the natural world.
Simulation of a cruise control system: In the cruise control system, we consider
and a car and assume
that it travels only in one direction. We want to apply control to the car so that it
has a smooth start-up, along with a constant-speed ride.
If the inertia of the wheels is neglected, and it is assumed that friction (which is
proportional to the car’s speed) is what is opposing the motion of the car, then the
problem is reduced to the simple mass and damper system.
System Parameter Rise Time(sec) Overshoot(%) Steady and state
value
Mass = =1000 Friction
coeff. = 50
Mass = =1000 Friction
coeff. = 100
Mass = =1000 Friction
coeff. = 150
Mass = =1000 Friction
coeff. = 200
Mass = =1000 Friction
coeff. = 250

Conclusion: In the context of dynamic systems like mechanical systems,

electrical circuits, or chemical processes, modeling typically involves identifying
the system's inputs, outputs, and the relationships between them. This often leads
to differential equations that describe the system's dynamics.Once a mathematical
model is obtained, various analysis techniques can be applied to study the system's
behavior. This includes techniques from control theory, such as stability analysis,
frequency response analysis, and transient response analysis.

Overall, the modeling of physical systems is a fundamental aspect of engineering

and science, enabling the development of efficient and reliable systems across a
wide range of applications.