● Family budget - Is made to manage the family finances well and to save money for

further expenses.

● Below are some sources of family income

1. Salary and wages of the family income

2. Profit of family’s business
3. Retirement pay
4. Scholarship allowance of the children
5. Investment income
6. Amount given by friends and relatives to the family

● A homemaker must have the skill in preparing the budget for the family. Improper
budgeting will lead to acquiring debts. He or she must prepare a weekly or monthly
budget to keep track of both incoming and outgoing finances.
● Prepare the family budget by doing the following:
1. Determine the net income of your household. Net income refers to the total amount of
income with the exclusion of taxes.
2. List your bills and expenses daily.
3. Declare the amount of family saving each month. It is a good idea to save at least 10% of
your monthly income. The money you saved will help you in case there are unexpected
expenses.This will also cushion you in case of emergencies.
4. Add up your total bills, expenses , and savings. If the total amount of expenses and savings is
less than your total monthly income,then you have a workable budget and a little extra leftover.
If you find that your total monthly cost is greater than your total monthly income,you need to cut
costs.
5. Stick to your budget each month and adjust it, if needed. Find a way to limit yourself from
spending more than the budgeted amount for your expenses.

● The following are the common types of Filipino family expenses today.
1. Fixed expenses- these are unchangeable expenses that are paid monthly or on a regular
basis. It means if your monthly house rent is Php 8,000, it will be the same amount of money
you will have to pay for the succeeding months or years. These include the following:

● Rent or mortgage
● Property taxes
● Savings or contribution
● Insurances such as health, life, house, and car
● Tuition fees
● Internet deals
● Car installment payments

2. Non - fixed expenses - These expenses are also called variable expenses. It is the exact
opposite of fixed expenses wherein a person might be wasting or consuming his or her
money to cover unexpected expenses or to gratify oneself from time to time like eating in your
favorite restaurant. It is a choice or decision a person makes each day to where he or she will
spend his or her money. Self-control should be exercised.

● Some expenses like the ones listed below are the areas where money people find their
money “draining away” Some people do not track these expenses and they do not
know exactly how much they are spending on these expenses every month.
● Gas
● Car repairs and maintenance
● House repairs and maintenance
● Groceries
● Self-care (bathing necessities)
● Clothing and footwear
● Pet care
● Medicines and medical consultations. (this may also be a fixed
expenses if you have regular prescriptions.)
● Cleaning supplies and equipment

● Preparing a Family Budget

Some of the reasons why you need to prepare a family budget include the following:
1. To ensure full control of your present and future finances.
2. To eliminate debt and excessive interests.
3. To avoid unexpected expenses that may bring you
financial damage.
4. To improve the family lifestyle
5. To afford and upgrade the wants of the family such as
buying a house and lot and family car.

● Things to Remember in Family Budgeting

1. Know where the money goes. Track all of your expenses for the month to determine
where it goes on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
2. Determine priorities. Identify which expenses are most important to the family.
3. Include all family members. Promote unity and cooperation by allowing the members of the
family to take part in planning the family budget.
4. Plan to save. Rather than saving what is left at the end of each month, try to separate 10% of
your monthly income and deposit it immediately to your savings account. Never use it for your
own satisfaction. Just use it in case of emergency.

Family Resources - Refer to material and nonmaterial assets or possessions of each member of
the family ,which are used to satisfy their needs and wants. Materials resources or nonhuman
resources include tangible assets or possessions of the family such as the following.

Money - Is used to buy other resources.It can be earned by the family

by working in a company and or running a business.
Properties - Include land,houses,cars, furniture, fixtures, and appliances, among others
Products - Refer to consumable and non-consumable resources that satisfy the needs and wants
of every individual.

Kinds of products
1. Consumable product - Include perishable and non perishable goods.
2. Non-consumable products - Include clothes and cooking tools, among
others.

Facilities - Are found in the community. These include schools,roads, parks, health centers, and
hospitals, among others.
Environment - Consists of natural resources and living things such as land,water, soil, animals, fish,
and plants. It sustains life on earth.

The non material resources or human resources are intangible assets or possessions inherited or
acquired by each member of the family business.

Skills - Like baking, cooking, and sewing can be used for homemaking activities and when
putting up a family business.
Knowledge - Can be acquired by learning in school, watching informative videos, and reading
books, newspapers, and online articles.
Energy - Is acquired by living a healthy lifestyle through proper eating
and exercise. Like cars,one’s body also needs fuel to start and function properly.
Attitude - has an effect on his or her own performance at work. A person with a positive or
favorable attitude towards work can produce quality outputs with fewer resources consumed.

Using the Family Resources Wisely

Each family member of the family uses the available resources at home. At your age, you can
contribute in managing the resources available in your family wisely. For instance you can start
saving your allowance and limit yourself from buying unnecessary things. The following are the
basic steps in managing the activities of the family as well as the use of resources.

1. Planning- can involve short-term or long-term goals. Either which must achieve them easily.
Examples of short term goals
❖ maintaining the cleanliness in the house,
❖ going to church every Sunday
❖ paying the monthly expenses at home.
Examples of Long-term goals
❖ Owning a house and lot
❖ Having a family business
❖ Educational planning for the children

Some of the usual family activities that need everyday planning

are the following.

❏ Preparing meals
❏ Marketing
❏ Cleaning the house
❏ Washing the dishes
❏ Laundering clothes
❏ Preparing for work and school

2. Organizing- means classifying the plans according to short-term and long-term goals and
assigning the members of the family on what role or plan they are tasked to accomplish.
3. Controlling- is the activity in which the plans are put into action or implemented.Each member
of the family should be knowledgeable and skilled to manage the tasks smoothly and to use the
resources wisely.
4. Evaluating- involves checking the progress and taking corrective actions of the entire plan. By
doing so, the family can gather positive and negative feedback that can be used in making
adjustment for the improvement of family activities.

The basic needs of a typical Filipino family are the following:

1. Money- to buy the needs and basic necessities.
2. Clean environment- to keep the body free from any diseases and sickness
3. Shelter- for privacy and security
4. Food and water- to nourish the body
5. Clothes- to protect the body
Some of the social needs of the family are the
following:
1. Medical service - for health related concerns
2. Work or employment to earn a living
3. Communication to transfer knowledge and information.
4. Transportation for comfortable transfer from one place to another
5. Education to cure ignorance
6. Relationships- to feel love and belongingness.

LIVESTOCK -raising refers to the production of animals such as pigs, goats, carabaos and cows.
LIVESTOCK FARMING -refers to the raising of these livestock animals that provide numerous
benefits for people and other living things.

The Importance of Livestock

1. Livestock operations increase the farmer’s potential for profit. Vegetable products are
seasonal; hence they can augment the farmer’s income between harvest seasons.
2. Livestock provides us with our market supply of meat, milk and other dairy products.
3. Animal manure provides methane gas, which is a good source of fuel energy.
4. Animals are also a crucial link in nutrient cycles in returning nutrients to the soil in the forms that
plants can readily use. Animal manure improves soil nutrients, and soil structures, and thus,
improves plant crops.
5. Animals also provide key inputs to agriculture through the use of carabaos to plow the fields or
to help deliver farm produce from the field to the marketplace.
6. The presence of animals in the farm provides a good balance in the ecosystem of the
agricultural environment.

Issues Concerning Livestock Raising

1. Environmentalists often advise: “Plant more trees to save the Earth.” But we do not hear them
say: “Raise more animals to save the plants.”
Actually, animal manure is considered one of the 2 or 3 most serious pollutants on Earth which
can cause global warming. The collected animal feces and urine release methane gas in the
air, one of the greenhouse gasses in. Therefore, more animals can mean more pollution,
both on land and in the air. If their manure would find their way into the water, even our
resources could get polluted.
Farmers should compost the livestock manure but not apply them directly on their crops. When
they apply composts, care should be taken that these are applied far away from the crops so
that the composts will not touch the parts that are eaten by humans.

2. Food scientist argue against the use of animal manure in farming. They claim that animal
feces endanger the microbiological and physical food safety in fresh vegetable products. There
is a danger that the compost from animal manure may affect the edible portion of the plants,
hence, cause harm to humans.

Barns, coops, and animal sheds must be kept clean and sanitary at all times to minimize the
development of harmful germs and bacteria.
3. Vegetarians comprise another group of people who are against livestock. They see the risk of
developing heart diseases and other related ailment with the increased intake of meat products
that come from farm
animals.

Meat provides us with protein and other carbonaceous materials which bodies need. To
counteract the negative effects of meat, we must
always remember to consume meat in moderation and eat a balanced diet at all times.

Some Benefits of raising Farm Animals and Fish

- Animals serve as sources of food.
- Animals help man enrich his farm.
- Animals serve as the farmer’s workers or helpers.
- Promotes culture and traditions
- Promotes health. Having a healthy heart and brain.
- Farm animal raising can be a source of income.

Advantages
1. Food production:
- Livestock farming is a significant source of meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products,
contributing to global food security.
2. Nutrient-Rich Products
- Animal products, such as meat and dairy, are rich in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins,
and minerals, contributing to a well-balanced diet.
3. Income Generation:
- Livestock farming provides income for farmers through the sale of animals and their products,
contributing to rural economies.
4. Employment opportunities
- Livestock farming creates job opportunities for people involved in various aspects of the
industry, including animal care, processing, and marketing.
5. Manure as Fertilizer
- Livestock manure can be used as a natural fertilizer, enriching soil with nutrients and improving
its fertility.

DISADVANTAGES
1. Environmental Impact
- Intensive livestock farming can contribute to environmental issues, such as deforestation, water
pollution from runoff, and greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Land and Resource Use:
- Livestock farming requires substantial land, water, and feed resources, leading to concerns
about land degradation and competition with food crops.
3. Animal welfare Concerns:
- Intensive farming practices may raise ethical concerns about the treatment of animals, such as
overcrowding, confinement, and use of certain production methods.
4. Disease Transmission:
- Dense populations of animals in close quarters can facilitate the spread of diseases among
livestock, potentially impacting human health as well.
5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Livestock, particularly ruminants like cows, produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas,
contributing to climate change.
6. Economic Risks:
- Livestock farming can be vulnerable to economic fluctuations, market uncertainties, and
factors such as disease outbreaks that may affect production and profitability.