50120_noteFile_1_1690872936

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Physics : Hints and Solutions ®

Pre-Medical
 WORK, POWER & ENERGY
 CIRCULAR MOTION
 CENTRE OF MASS & COLLISIONS
 ROTATION MOTION
 GRAVITATION
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND FLUID MECHANICS
BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 2 2
W
5. W= ∫ F dx = ∫ (10 + 0.5x) dx
1. W = Fd cos θ ⇒ cos θ = 0 0
Fd
2
 x2 
⇒ W = 10[x]0 + 0.5  
2
W = 25 J, F = 5 N & d = 10 m
 2 0
25 1
so cos θ = = ⇒ θ= 60° ⇒ W = 21 J
5 × 10 2
6. v = ax3/2
2. Work has to be done against gravity in second case.
dv 3 1/2
3. From the figure F sin θ+N=Mg ⇒ = ax
dx 2
∴ N = Mg–F sinθ v dv 3
So a = = a2x2
dx 2
F sinθ
F 3 2 2
F = ma = ax
θ 4
M F cosθ
f 2
3 2 2
2
W= ∫ F dx =
0
4 ∫0
a x dx
Mg ⇒ W = 50 J

F cosθ = f = µN = µ[Mg – F sinθ] 7. W = F.x
   
F (cosθ + µsinθ) = µMg F = 4iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ N & x= r2 − r1

µMg ⇒ x = 11iˆ + 11jˆ + 15kˆ
∴F= = force required to pull an
cos θ + µ sin θ
So W = 100 J
object a a
Ka2
Work done in pulling an object
8. W1 = ∫F
0
x dx = ∫ Kx dx
0
=
2
µMgd cos θ a a
Ka2
W = Fd =
cos θ + µ sin θ W2 = ∫ Fy dy =
0
∫ Ky dy =
0 2
x2 x2
Ka2 Ka2
4. W= ∫ F dx = ∫ 2x dx
2
W = W1 + W2 = + = Ka
x1 x1 2 2
⇒ W = x2 – x1
2 2
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Physics : Hints and Solutions
Pre-Medical
9. Resultant of three given forces – 2. Let p = x so K = 3x
   
F = F1 + F2 + F3 1 1
Now K = mv 2 = p.v
2 2
 10 45 ˆ 
3iˆ + 9ˆj + 3kˆ +  − î + ˆ
k + [22 î + 11ˆj + 66 k]
 7 7  ⇒v=
2K
= 6 units
p
165 ˆ 528 ˆ 
=  i + 20 ˆj + k units
 7 7  3. According to work energy theorem
  
Displacement = r r2 − r1 Wgravity + Wair = ∆KE
ˆ – [4 î − 1jˆ + 1k]
= [11î + 6ˆj + 8k] ˆ 1
⇒ mgh + Wair =
2
mv – 0
2
ˆ units
= (7 î + 7 ˆj + 7k)
  ⇒ 10 × [10] × [20] + Wair = 500
work done = F ⋅ r
⇒ Work done by air on object Wair = –1500 J
165 ˆ 528 ˆ  ˆ
=  i + 20 ˆj + k ⋅ [7 î + 7 ˆj + 7k] t3 dx
 7 7  4. x= v = = t2, Velocity at t=0 , u=0
3 dt
= 165 + 140 + 528 = 833 unit
and at t=1s v=1 m/s
10. In rectilinear motion work done by a force equals Using work energy theorem :
to area between the force-position graph and the
1 1 1
position axis W= mv2 – mu2 = 1(1)2 = 0.5 J
2 2 2
(a) W0→10 =
Area of trapazium OABC 75 J
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3
(b) W10→15 =
− Area of triangle CDE =
−25 J 1. (A) – p, r, s, (B) – t
F(N) 2. For (A) : p = 2mK if K ↑ then p ↑
10 A B For (B) : Its height may ↑ or ↓

For (C) : W = ∆K if ∆K = positive then W =
C E x(m)
5 10 15 positive
For (D) : The resultant force on the particle
D must be at an angle less than 90° all times
3. Mechanical energy = kinetic energy
(c) W0 → 15 = Area of trapazium OABC – Area of
+ potential energy
triangle CDE = 50 J
1 2
E = K + U(x) where K = mv
BEGINNER'S BOX - 2 2
If K = 0 then E = U(x)
p2
1. K= ⇒ K ∝ p2
2m dU ( x ) dU ( x )
If F = 0 then F =
− =
0⇒ =
0
dx dx
K f p2f
⇒ =
2
= (1.5) = 2.25
K i p2i 4. (A) – q, (B) – r, (C) – p
⇒ Kf = 2.25 Ki 5. WC + Wnc + Wext = ∆K
∆K Kf − Ki mgh – f.s + 0 = 0 ⇒ mgh – µmg.s = 0

⇒ × 100 = = 125%
K Ki h 1
⇒ s == = 5m
So kinetic energy increases by 125% µ 0.2
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Pre-Medical
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4 5. COME ⇒ K1 + U1 = K2 + U2
1 2
1. E = kx 1 1
2 ⇒0+ k1x2 + k2x2
2 2
1
If E = constant then x ∝ 2 2
k 1 2 1 x 1 x
= mv + k1   + k2  
2 2 2 2 2
F1 k1 x1 k1 k2
=
So = .
F2 k 2 x2 k 2 k1 1 1 1
⇒ (k1 + k2)x2 = mv2 + (k1 + k2)x2
2 2 8
F1 k1
⇒ =
3 ( k1 + k 2 ) x
2
F2 k2 ⇒v=
4 m
1
2. k(1)2
st
In 1 situation W = 6. Output power of motor
2
1 mgh ( 30 × 1000 ) × 9.8 × 40

& In 2 situation W ' = k(2)2 = 4W
nd
= =
2 t 15 × 60
So required work done = 4W – W = 3W Output power of motor
 % efficiency =
3. Let maximum compression is xm Power consumed by motor
Using law of conservation of mechanical energy 30 × 1000 × 9.8 × 40

⇒ 30 =
1 15 × 60 × P
mg (h + xm) = kxm2
2 9.8 × 1000 × 40
⇒ P= = 43.55 × 103W
1 15 × 60
20 (4 + xm) = 1960 xm2
2
= 43.6 kW
2
980 x – 20 xm – 80 = 0
m
7. Output power of pump
2
49xm – xm – 4 = 0
mgh 100 × 10 × 10
=P =
4. By applying work energy theorem t 5
1 v2 1 1 Poutput = 2 kW
m – mv2 = – kx2
2 4 2 2
Poutput 2
therefore, Pinput = = = 3.33 kW
−3mv −1 22
3mv 2
η 0.6
⇒ = kx ; k =
8 2 4x2
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Pre-Medical
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

 10. WD = ∆PE = 10 × 9.8 × 1 = 98J
1. W = F.d
ˆ
= (2iˆ − ˆj + 4k).(3i ˆ =0
+ 2jˆ − k)
11. W = Fdcosθ
   = 10 × 10 × cosθ = 50
2. d= r2 − r1
  1
⇒ d =î + 2j + kˆ & F = (3iˆ + 2jˆ + 4k)
ˆ ⇒ cos θ =
2

So W = F.d = 11 J ⇒ θ = 60°
5
3. ∫ (3x t2 t
2
=
WD + 2x − 7)dx 12. s= ; v=
0 4 2
= 125 + 25 – 35 = 115 J t = 0, u = 0
4. Work will be zero as angle between force &
t = 2, v = 1
displacement is 90°
5. Force ⊥ displacement ⇒ WD = 0 1
∴ WD = ∆KE = × 6 × 1 = 3J
2
as cosθ = 0
13. WD = 30 – 20 = 10J
6. For the block
T 1 
14. Area of graph = [3 × 3] +  × 3 × 3 
2 
a
= 9 + 4.5 = 13.5J
Mg 15. Work will be zero as force is perpendicular to

displacement.
Mg – T = M(g/4) 
16. ˆ m
Here, r1 = (3iˆ + 2jˆ − 6k)
3
⇒T= Mg 
4 ˆ m
r2 = (14iˆ + 13jˆ − 9k)
3 3 
So, Work = Mg(h) cos180° = – Mgh ˆ N
F= (4iˆ + ˆj + 3k)
4 4

7. N = Mg + F sinθ The displacement from a position r1 to position
Fcosθ 
θ r2 is :
N
  
r= r2 − r1
Fsinθ
ˆ − (3iˆ + 2jˆ − 6k)
= (14iˆ + 13jˆ – 9k) ˆ
= 11iˆ + 11jˆ – 3kˆ

Mg

 Work done, W = F.r
FFriction = µ k(mg + F sinθ)
ˆ
= (4iˆ + ˆj + 3k).(11i ˆ
ˆ + 11jˆ – 3k)
Work = –µk(mg + Fsinθ)s
8. Work done = Area under F – d curve = 44 + 11 – 9 = 46 J
9. 2
dW = kx dx cos60°
k x2 2 k 3
∴=
WD ∫
2 1
x
x= dx
6
(
x2 − x13 )
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Pre-Medical
B C 22. p∝
17. 6 K
p1 K1
⇒ =
a/(m/s2)
A D E H p2 K2
0 x(m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
⇒ p2 = 2p1 as K2 = 2K1
⇒ p2 = 1.41 p1
–6
F G So momentum will increase by 41.4%
Here we have acceleration and displacement. 1
23. p = constant so K ∝
m
Work done by the force on the body when it
⇒ K1 : K2 = m2 : m1 = 5 : 1
reaches at x = 4 m is p2
24. Ek =
W4 = Mass of the body × Area under ABCD 2m
1
1  EK × = constant
= 2 ( × 1 × 6) + (3 × 6)  =42J p
2 
∴ graph is rectangular hyperbola
Work done by the force on the body when it 1
25. EK = mv 2 ∴ Graph is parabola
reaches at x = 7 m is 2
26. Work = Change in kinetic energy
W7 = W4 + (Mass of the body) (Area under
1
= Ef – Ei = m(vf2 – vi2)
CDE – Area under EFGH) 2
1
 1  1   W= (2)(02 − 202 ) ⇒ W = – 400 J
= 42 J + 2  × 1 × 6  –  × 1 × 6  – (1 × 6) J 2
 2  2  
p2
27. KE =
= 42 J + 2 (3 – 3 – 6) J = 42 J – 12 J = 30 J 2m
18.
2
x = 3t – 4t + t
3 1 p2
∴ =
4 p '2
dx
v= =3 − 8t + 3t2 p '2
dt 4KE =
2m
1 1 ∴ p' = 2p
=
WD mv 24 − mv 20 = ∆KE
2 2 28. Energy dissipated=kinetic energy–potential energy
1
1  30  ⇒E= mv2 – mgh
WD = (19)2 – (3)2  = 5.285 J 2
2  1000  
1
⇒E= × 0.5 × (14)2 – (0.5) (9.8) (8.0)
1 1 2
19. =
WD mv 2 − mu2 = ∆KE
2 2 ⇒ E = (49 – 39.2) J ⇒ E = 9.8 J.
p2
20. K ∝ p2 29. KE =
2m
So if p become ‘n’ times & K becomes n2 times p '2 1 p2
2KE = ∴ =
2m 2 p '2
21. K ∝ p2
p ' = 2p
∆K 2∆p ∆p 1 ∆K
⇒ = So × 100 = × 100; KE1 m1 gh 2 1
K p p 2 K 30. = = =
KE 2 m2 gh 4 2
∆K 1
= × 3% =1.5% p12 p2 p1 m1 1
K 2 31. = 2 ;= =
m1 m2 p2 m2 2
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p2 44. Here gravitation force of earth is centripetal
32. KE =
2m force θ = 90°, WD = 0
p '2
4KE =
2m 45. Since force is constant so work done is path
2
1 p independent. Hence W1 = W2
= 
4  p' 
p' = 2p 1
46. Wext = k(xf2 – xi2)
∴ momentum ↑ by 100% 2
2∆p ∆K ∆p
33. = ⇒ = 2%
p K p 1 2 2
= [800 (0.15) – (0.05) ]
34. WD is independent of path for conservative 2
forces.
35. WD is independent of path for conservative ⇒ W = 8J
forces.
36. WD is independent of path for conservative 47. T = kx for spring
forces.
 dU 1 2 1 T2 T2
37. F= − xˆ =
Energy = kx =
k
dx 2 2 k 2 2k
38. Viscous force is a non-conservative
39. PE is minimum at stable equilibrium 48. Loss in potential energy = mgh
dU
40. =0 2 × 10 × 20 = 400 J
dx
16x – 4 = 0 1
1 49. × k × (2)2 =U
x= = 0.25m 2
4
41. For conservative force in a closed loop W = 0 1
WDPQ + WDQR + WDRP = 0 × k × (10)2 =U'
2
5 + 2 + WDRP = 0
∴ WDPR = 7J
4 U
42. As we are pulling the bucket with constant ∴ =
velocity and leakage is at constant rate. We can 100 U '
take average mass
U' = 25U
 15 + 9 
W = mavggh =   × 10 × 15 = 1800J
 2  A B
43. Work done = mgh 50. =
U −
r12 r 6
m = mass of hanging part
dU
= 0 at Equlibrium
dr
−12A ( −6)B 6  −2A 

∴ − 7 = 0 ; 7  6 + B =
0
r13 r r  r 
v=0  2A 
1/6
r= 
M  2L  2M  B 
= . =
L  3  3
h = motion of COM ∴ In Eq U is given by
 2L  1 L
=  . = A B B2 B2
=− =
−
B2
 3  2 3 =U −
 2A 
2
2A 4A 2A 4A
2M L 2MgL  B 
WD = mgh = g. =   B
3 3 9
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Pre-Medical
20xy
53. Given : U =
20cm z
51. A
 
B For a conservative field F = −∇U
 ∂ ˆ ∂ ˆ ∂
∇ î
Where, = + j +k
∂x ∂y ∂k
Work done by gravitational force   ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ ∂U 

∴ F = – î +j +k
 ∂x ∂y ∂z 
= force × component of displacement along force
 ∂  20xy  ˆ ∂  20xy  ˆ ∂  20xy  
= – î  + j  +k  
 2   20   ∂x  z  ∂y  z  ∂z  z  
= mg(R) = 
1000  × (9.8) ×  100 
   
  20y   20x  ˆ  20xy  ˆ 
= – î  +  j +  − 2  k
= 392 × 10–5 J = 3.92 mJ   z   z   z  
52. Work done in stretching a spring  20y  ˆ  20x  ˆ 20xy ˆ

= − i − j+ 2 k
 z   z  z
1 2
W= kx 1
2 54. U= mv 2
2
where k is the spring constant and x is the

2U
∴ m=
extension in the spring v2
55. W = mgh
1 2
∴ W1 = kx1 ....(i)
2
= 1 × 9.8 × 10 = 98J
1 2 4h
and W2 = kx2 ....(ii) 56. At height =
2 5
Divide (ii) by (i), we get 4h

PE= m × g
5
2 2
W2  x2   20cm 
= =    =4 h
W1  x1   10cm  = mg ×
KE
5
W2 = 4W1 ∴ KE : PE = 1 : 4
Extra work done = W2 – W1 = 4W1 – W1 1 1

57. By COME = mv 2 = kx2
2 2
= 3 W1 = 3 × 4 J = 12 J
1 1
= × 16 × 4 × 4 = × 100 × x2
( W1 = 4J (Given)) 2 2
16
=
x = 1.6m
10
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Pre-Medical
1 1 67. Amount of water flowing per unit time
58. × 0.5 × (1.5)2 = × 50 × x2
2 2 dm
= Avρ
dt
0.5 × (1.5)2
= x2 x = 0.15m v = velocity of flow, A is area of cross–section,
50
ρ = density of liquid
59. In projectile motion, there is no change in kinetic To get n times water in the same time,
energy of projectile while landing to the ground
 dm ′ dm
and projected from ground. Because speed  dt  = n dt ⇒ A v'ρ = nAvρ v'=nv
 
remains same during projection and striking. vdm dm' dm
  F= ⇒ F' = v' = n2 v = n2F
dt dt dt
60. Power = F . v
2
To gets n times water, force must be increased n
= 4500 × 2 = 9 kW times.
Power 100 × 750 68. Force against which work done is

61. =F = = 3.75 × 103 N
v 5 1
72 × F = mg sinθ = 4 × 9.8 × = 0.98 N
18 40
speed v = 40 m/s
mgh 300 × 9.8 × 2
62. =P = = 1960 W for 50% efficiency required power = 2 (F.v)
t 3
= 78.4W
WD1 69. Mass of water
–3
= 2238 × 10 × 10
3
63. P1 =
T1 = 2238 kg
∴ Energy = 2238 × 10 × 30 = mgh
WD2
P2 = 2238 × 30 × 10
T2 ∴ = 1 × 746 (T is time)
T
P1 5 9 15 2238 × 30 × 10
∴ = × = ∴T = second = 15 min.
P2 3 11 11 746
70. Power = 100 × 10 × 100 = 100 kW
5
64. 7 × 103 =F × 40 × F 1
18 71. a= ; s = at2 & v = at
m 2
∴ F = 630 N Average power
65. For the block moving in upward direction 1 
F  at2 
W F.s  2  1
T – 10g = 10a ⇒ T = 10(g + g/2) = 150 N (P) = = = = F.v
t t t 2
1g 2 work done as change in PE
s=   (2) = 10 m 72. Power =
22 time
mgh 80 × 10 × 6
W T.s 1500 ∴P= = = 480 W
P= = = = 750W t 10
t t 2
480
∴P= hp = 0.63 hp
 dv  746
66. P = mav ⇒ P = m  v  .v
 dx  73. Fsinθ
⇒ mv dv = Pdx
2
F
mv 3 θ v
⇒ = Px ⇒ v ∝ x1/3 Fcosθ
3

Power = F.v = Fv cos θ
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Pre-Medical
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

1. Change in potential energy = mgh 5. ∆ PE = 1 × 10 × 18 = 180 J
= 2 × 10 × 10 = 200 J 1
∆ KE =
2
× 1 × (20) = 200 J
Change in kinetic energy = work done = 300 J 2
∴ Work done against friction = 300 – 200 = By total energy conservation
100J. ∴ 20 J loss by friction

2 
2. v= t dv
6. P = F.v = M × v = Mv = 100 × 2 = 800 W
3 3
3
dt
2
1 4 8
7. WD against conservative force causes PE↑
∴ W = ∆KE = ×3×  – 0 = J
2 3 3

8. P = F.v
3.
just before hitting earth both F and v are
maximum and angle between them 0°.
1
9. WD = 4 × 2 + × 5 × 2 = 13J
2
M (i)
dU
x 10. = 0 for equilibrium
dr
M (ii)
−2A B
∴ + 2 =
0
By conservation of energy r3 r
TE at (i) = Mgx 2A
∴ r=
B
1 2
TE at (ii) = kx 
2 11. F.v = P0
1 2
Mgx = kx dv
2 m ×v =P0
dt
2Mg
x= v 2 P0 t
k =
2 m
dM d(KE) t
4. Here m = So, Rate of KE = v∝ ∝ t1/2
dl dt m
d(KE) 1 dM 2 
= v ˆ
12. W = F.s= (3iˆ + ˆj).[(4 − 2)iˆ + (3 − 0)ˆj + ( −1 − 1)k]
dt 2 dt
dM dM dl dM dl ˆ
= (3iˆ + ˆj).(2iˆ + 3jˆ − 2k)
Also, = . = . = mv
dt dt dl dl dt
= 3(2) + 1(3) + 0(–2) = 9 J
d(KE) 1 1
= (mv)(v 2 ) = mv 3
dt 2 2
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13. W = – ∫ Fdx
y2
18. W=
y1
∫ F dy
30
W = – ∫ 0.1x dx 1
20 ⇒ W= ∫ (20 + 10y) dy
0
30
 x2   y2 
1
W = –0.1   1
⇒ W = 20 y  0 + 10  
 2  20
 2 0
 900 – 400  ⇒ W = 25 J
W = –0.1   = –25
 2 19. W = ∆KE
From work energy theorem W = Kƒ – Ki 11 2
At x=8 : 130 = v
2  2 
1
⇒ –25 = Kƒ – 10(10)2 ⇒ Kƒ = 475 ⇒ v = 2 130 = 22.8 ms −1
2
For x=12 : v = 20.6 ms–1
14. P = Fv = mav 20. U + KE = E
dv 4U = E = mgS
⇒ k = mv
dt 4mgh = mgS
S
By integrating the equation h=
4
k
⇒ ∫ v dv = ∫ m dt =V =2g 
 3S 

3gS
 4  2
v2 k mgh 15 × 10 × 60
⇒ = t 21. =
Pin = = 9000 W
2 m t 1
2k Pout = 90% of Pin ⇒ 8.1 kW
⇒ v= t 22. At lighest point of trajectory angle between
m
velocity & gravitational force is 90°.
 
dv 2k  1 −12  P = | F | | v | cos 90° = 0
=
a = t 
dt m  2  23. W.D. = Area under the curve ABC
π  π 
 1  2k =  (d) (F0 )  + (2F0 ) (2d) = F0 d  + 4
F = ma = m    2   2 
 2  mt
24. Constant velocity ⇒ a = 0
mk
⇒ F= ⇒ T = W + f = 20000 + 3000 = 23000 N
2t
 
dv
F 2tiˆ + 3t2ˆj ⇒ m = 2tiˆ + 3t2ˆj {m = 1 kg}
15. =
dt Velocity

v t
 
∫ dv ∫ (2tiˆ + 3t ˆj)dt ⇒ =
v t2î + t 3ˆj
2
⇒ =
0 0

Power = F.v = (2t3 + 3t5)W ⇒ Power = Tv = 23000 × 1.5 = 34500 watts
  
16. s = rf − ri = 2iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ k
 u
(  )
W = F.s = 4iˆ + 3jˆ . 2i − ˆj + 3kˆ  = 8 − 3 = 5J
 25. m
17. Work done by the gravity (Wg) = mgh
= 10–3 × 10 × 103 = 10 J 1 1
mu2 = kx2
By work–energy theorem = Wg + Wres = ∆KE 2 2
1 m
10 + Wres = × 10−3 × (50)2 x= u
2 k
Wres = –8.75 J 26. Gravitational force is a conservative force so
W.D. is independent of path taken between two
points.
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EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

1. d = (3 − 2)iˆ + (3 − 1)ˆj + (4 − 3)kˆ = î + 2jˆ + kˆ and 6. Applying law of conservation of energy

F = F F 1
mv 2 =
75
× 12
2 100
  1 
=So, F 20  (6iˆ + 8ˆj)  = 12iˆ + 16ˆj or
2 2
 6 +8 
 75 × 12 × 2 3 12 × 2
W = F.d = 44J v= = × =18 m / s.
100 × m 4 1
v mv 
2. a= & F = ma = 7. =F 3x2î + 4ˆj
t1 t1

1 2 1 v 2 r xiˆ + yjˆ
=
s= at ⇒ s = t
2 2 t1 
dr dxiˆ + dyjˆ
⇒ =
1 v2 2  
W = F.s = m t
2 t12 Work done, W = ∫ F.dr
(3, 0)
1 v 
3. Kf = Ki ⇒ vf = 0 ∫ ( 3x î + 4ˆj ).dr
2
=
4 2 (2, 3)
a = µg [as f = µmg] (3, 0)
v v0
= ∫ 3x2 dx + 4dy
So 0 = v0 – µkg t0 ⇒ µ = (2, 3)
2 2gt 0
(3, 0)
4. P = F.v = ma.v =  x 3 + 4y  (2, 3) = 33 + 4 × 0 – (23 + 4 × 3)
v1 v = 27 + 0 – (8 + 12) = 27 – 20 = + 7 J
a= &v=0+ 1 t
t1 t1
According to work energy theorem,
2
 v  v  mv Change in the kinetic energy = Work done
So P = m  1   1 t ⇒ P = 2 t 1
 t1   t1  t1
∆KE = +7J
5. Till x = 2m, area under the curve F – x is zero so
W.D. is zero therefore KE remains same at
x = 2m, v = 4 m/s
Force = –4 N, mass of body = 2 kg
−4N
∴ acceleration (a) = = –2 m/s2.
2kg
This reduces velocity.
Now v2 = u2 + 2as.
∴ v = (4) + 2 × (–2) = (16 – 4) = 12

2 2
at x = 3 m and onwards.
1
∴ Kinetic energy = × 2 × 12 = 12 J
2
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
BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 8. a t = 6iˆ
1. Given ω = θ + 2θ  
2
dω α × R =6iˆ
= 2θ + 2
dθ 
α × 2jˆ =6iˆ
dω ( 2
α=ω = θ + 2θ ) ( 2θ + 2 ) 
dθ α = −3kˆ rad/s
2
at θ =1 
α = 12 rad/sec2 a r = −8ˆj
2.  = 6cm, v = ?  
ω × v = − 8ˆj
2π π  
ω= = rad/s. ω × v = − 8ˆj
60 30
π π 
So v =ω = × 6 = cm/s = 2π mm/s ⇒ ω = −2kˆ rad/s
30 5
π BEGINNER'S BOX - 2
Magnitude of difference = 2 cm/s
5
= 2√2 π mm/s 1. Suppose OA = AB = 
3. v = 2t
At t = 3, v = 6m/s; r = 6m
T2 A m 2 T1 m1
v2 O B
So acp = = 6m/s2  
r
4. Since the particles maintain straight line at centre
so their relative angular displacement as well as For mass m1
relative angular velocity both are zero. Hence
ω1 : ω2 = 1 : 1 T1 m1
14 × 2π
O
6. ω= 2
25

∴ magnitude of acceleration = a R T1 = m1ω2(2)
2
  14 × 2π  80
aR = ω2 r =   × 100  9.9 m / s
2
For mass m2
 25 
T2 – T1 = m2ω 
2
7. ω = constant , aT = 0
 2π T π 
=
ω T=, ⇒ T2 = m2ω2 + m1ω22
2 ω 
ωR T1 m1 w 2 (2 ) 2m1
= 2 2
=
T2 m2 w  + m1 w 2 m2 + 2m1
1.28
2. Here sin θ = = 0.16
8
since θ = is very small

ωR
sin θ ≈ θ ≈ tan θ
2ωR 2ω2 R
=
a av = So tan θ = 0.16 & R = 40 m
π/ω π
ainst = ω R
2
Most appropriate velocity
a 2
So ratio = av =
a inst π = Rgtanθ = 8m/s
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Tmax 5.
3.  =3
Tmin
N N N
mv 2 v2/R
+ mg

at B
∴ 2 =3 at A at C
mv p ⇒ NA = mg
− mg
 v2/R
vp mg mg mg
At C, N = mg– mv /R & at B, N = mg + mv2/R
2
 ∴ fmax = µsN→ maximum for B
v mv 2
6. T = mg +

v 2 + g
⇒ =3
v 2p − g m = 0.5 kg,  = 0.5 m & T = 45 N
velocity at minimum position Height upto which the stone will rise
By COME v2
h= = 2m
2g
2 v 2P + 5g
v=
 v 2p + 4g ⇒ = 3 ⇒ 2vP = 8g
2
v 2P − g
v=0
⇒ vP = 4g =
x
4 × 10 × 10 = 20 m/s,
h
v = 8g = 8 × 10 × 10 = 20 2 m/s 0.5 m
4. (a) vD = vC – 2gR = 5gR

2 2
⇒ vD = 5gR
So height upto which the stone will rise after the
mv 2D
string breaks = h – 0.5 = 1.5 m.
(b) mg + ND =
R
m(5gR)
⇒ ND = − mg = 4mg
R
(c) by energy conservation between point A & C
1 1
mgH = mv 2C + mgR = mv 2D + mg2R
2 2
1
= m(5gR) + mg2R
2
9 9
= mgR ⇒ H = R
2 2
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v2 4 4 dθ d(2t 3 + 0.5)
1. aC = = 2 ⇒ v2 = 10. ω= = ⇒ 6t2 + 0
r r r dt dt
2 At t = 2 ω = 24 rad/s.
⇒v=
r 11. WD = F.d cos 90° = 0
2m 12. At constant angular velocity, angular acceleration
Momentum p = mv =
r i.e., α = 0.
2. aC = ω r = vω
2
Uniform motion at = 0 and
So acceleration aC = vω
–
V
V
13.
θ
3. ω = = const.
t
V  
– Uniform circular motion
V
(
∆p =p f – p i ) = 2mv
– Magnitude of velocity is constant but the v2 r2 ω2

14.
2
direction of velocity change Acceleration = = = rω
r r
7
4. r = 12 cm; n= = 0.07 rev./sec 1
100 r = 50 cm ω = 2πn = 2π ×
2
 ω = 2πn ∴ v = ωr = 2πnr
50 × 4π2
acceleration = = 493 cm/s2
22 7 4
v=2× × × 12 = 5.28 cm/sec.
7 100
ω
~ 5.3 cm/sec. 15. α
5. ω = 2π n = 2π × 2 = 4π rad/sec
 at = 0 (because ω = const.)
aC at
∴ anet = aC = ω2 r = 16π2 × 0.25 = 4π2
6. V
V
100
16. Angular velocity (ω) = 2πn = 2π ×
60
V
V = 10.47 rad/sec
7.
2
T = mω r ,
2π 2π
T2 ω22 n22 17. T= , For particle of mass M, T1 =
for constant r = = ω ω1
T1 ω12 n12
2π
2T n2 For particle of mass m, T2 =
= 22 ω2
T (5)
since T1 = T2
 n22 = 25 × 2
2πR 2πr ω1
⇒ n2 = 7 r.p.m. = ; =1
Rω1 rω2 ω2
ω
α 2π π
18. ω= = rad/sec.
60 × 60 1800
v
aC (30)2
8. 19. a= a2T + a2c = (2)2 + = 2.7 m/s
2
500
20. θ = 90°, WD = 0
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21. v =ωr = 2π × 3 × 0.1= 1.88 m/s v
34.
2 2
v (1.88)
FC FC
2
a=
c = = 35.5 m/s
r 0.1
mv 2
T= = 1 × 35.5 =
35.5N Anticlock wise
r v
Clock wise
22. Distance s = 2(2πr) = 80m Centripetal force always toward centre.
2 2
by v = 4 + 2aTs 35. In uniform circular motion.
2 2 2
v −4 (80) − 0 magnitude of v = constant
=aT =
2s 2(80) so at = 0 ; ar ≠ 0
a T = 40m / s2
36. ω
α
23. v = rω ⇒ v = 0.5 × 70 = 35 m/s
2π 22 v
24. ω= = 2× π× = π aC
T 44
centripetal acc. aC = ω2r = π2 × 1 = π2 m/s2
(towards the center)
mv2 mr 2 ω2
25. ω = 2πn = 2π × 10 = 20π rad/sec 37. FC = = = mrω2 Tmax = 10 N
r r
ω0 = 0 At Balancing point Tmax = Fcp ⇒ 10 = mrω
2
ω = 400
2
t = 120 sec
ω = ω0 + αt ⇒ ω = 20 rad/sec.
38. Fgravitation = Fcentripetal
0 = 20π + α × 120
Fcen = mrω2
π
α =– rad/s2 = 6 × 1024 × 1.5 × 108 × 103 × 4 × 10–14
6
= 36 × 1021 N
26. a = αR
mv 2 500 × (10)2
39. F= = = 1000 N
27. In uniform speed angular accleration (α) = 0 r 50
mv 2 m(3v)2 9mv 2 mv 2
28. F1 = , F2 = = = 3F1 40. FC =
r (3r) 3r r
31. T = mω2r mv '2 m(2v)2

FC' = = = 4FC (r ' = r)
r' r
Tmax 100
ω max =
2
=
mr 100 × 10 –3 × 0.1
42. Lack of centripetal forces causes overturning.
⇒ ωmax = 100 rad/sec
43.
32. FC = mω2r = m (2π n)2r b h
 Angular frequency n = constant
θ
FC2 2r
∴ FC ∝ r so = h
FC1 r tan θ  sin θ =
b
⇒ FC2 = 2FC1 = 2F h v2
∴ =
b Rg
mv 2 0.5 × 4 × 4
33. FC = = = 20N v2b
r 0.4 ∴ h=
Rg
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44. T cos θ =mg mv2
48. T= – mg
T sin θ= mrω2 
Tθ
θ
mrω2
mg T
rω 2 mg
∴ tan θ =
g
45. Tension at θ displacement 1 × (4)2
= – 1 × 10 = 6 = N
mv 2 1
= T mg cos θ +
 49. At highest point minimum possible value of
tension is zero.
mv 2
50. T= + mg cosθ

v mg mgcosθ
at extreme position v = 0
∴ T = mg cosθ (at extreme position) T v
1 θ
46. h =  – cos60° =  –  × = /2
2
mg
as θ increases cosθ and v
60° both decreases

v  v maximum at lowest point
∴ T maximum at lowest point
sin60°
h T − mg 30 − 0.5 × 10
51. ω= = = 5 rad/sec
u mr 0.5 × 2
by law of conservation of mechanical energy 52. For looping the loop minimum velocity at top
1 1 point v = gL
= mu2 mv 2 + mgh
2 2
time taken by particle

∴ v2 = u2 – 2g
2 2h 2 × 2L L
=t = = 2
1 g g g
=
v (3)2 − 10 × = 2 m/s
2
L
1 ∴ horizontal range x = vt = gL × 2 = 2L
47. 0 + mgh = mv2 + 0 g
2
L mv 2
53. T= + mg cosθ
v=0 r
T v
T θ
mg
mg
v2 = 2gL ⇒ v = 2gL as θ increases cosθ and v
2
mv m both decreases
T = mg + = mg + × 2gL = 3mg
L L hence for θ = 60° , T will be less i.e.,T1 > T2
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v2
3gr 1
54. aC = = 58. m(5Rg) = mgh
r r 2
5R
h=
2
2
R= × h = 2 cm
aC 5
59. At position B tension is maximum ;
mv 2
T = mg +
aC = 3g r
mv 2 m
55. Tmax = mg + = mg + × 5gr = 6mg
r r
T
Tmin = 0
Tmin = 0 mg
Tmax mv 2
60. = mg
r
Tmax – Tmin = 6mg

∴ 6mg = 2g
1 mg
m= kg
3
56. Acc to COME at point P
KE of stone = PE gained by stone.
1 2
m (5) = m × 10 × h
2  v = gr 
25 mv 2
h= = 1.25m 61. T – mg = 
20 r
v=0 0.2v 2
 52 – 2 = 
0.1
h0  v = 5 m/s
1m
P
θ
62.
–cosθ
mv 2 ‘0’GPE
57. =
N mg +
r 1
∴ mg(1 − cos θ) = mv 2
2
=
v 2g(1 − cos θ)
N
mg
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1. Mass per unit length = λ dx
8. (FC)heavier = (FC)lighter
dM = λdx dF 2mv2 m(nv)2
0 dM x=L ⇒ =
dF = dM ω2 x (r / 2) r
L
L
2 x 
2 2
⇒ n = 4⇒n = 2
∫0 ω xλdx = ω λ  2 
2
F=
0
10. By using work-energy theorem, W=∆KE
1 2 2 1 2 1 2
= ω λL = ω (λL)L 1  mv 
2 2 ⇒ (mat) (4πR) = mv ⇒ at = 2  2 
1 2 4πmR
= ω2 ML
2 8 × 10 –4
⇒ at =
OR 4 × 3.14 × 10 × 10 –3 × 6.4 × 10−2
We can assume whole of the mass at centre of = 0.1 m/s
2
L OR
mass which is at distance from axis of rotation
2 1 1  10  2
mv 2 = KE ⇒  v = 8 × 10–4
∴ F= Mω 2 L 2 2  1000 
2
Displacement 0 ⇒ v2 = 16 × 10–2 ⇒ v = 4 × 10–1 = 0.4 m/s
2. Average velocity = = =0 Now,
Time taken 62.8
Dis tan ce 2πr v2 = u2 + 2ats (s = 4πR)
Average speed = =
Time taken T 16  22 6.4 
⇒ = 02 + 2a t  4 × ×
(2π) (100) 100  7 100 
= = 10m/s
(62.8) 16 7 × 100
⇒ at = × = 0.1 m/s2
mv 2 100 8 × 22 × 6.4
3.  =mg
R 11. When minimum speed of body is 5gR , then
∴ v = Rg = 20 × 10 = 200 m/s no matter from where it enters the loop, it
will complete full vertical loop.
4. In Balancing condition
Fcentritugal ≤ Friction force v2 tan φ + tan θ  µ s + tan θ 
12. = tan(φ + =
θ) =  
mrω2 ≤ µmg Rg 1 − tan φ tan θ  1 – µ s tan θ 
µg
r≤ 2  µ + tan θ 
ω ⇒ v = Rg  s  (µs = tanφ)
5. Acceleration = ω2r 1 – µ s tan θ 
2 2
 2π   2π  OR
=
=  r 
 T   0.2 π  5 × 10

−2
( ) = 5 m/s2
Check by dimensions.
v2 v2
6. tan =
θ ⇒=
v rg tan =
θ 90 × 10 × tan 45° 13. Centripetal acceleration = = acos30°
rg R
v = 30m / s 3
⇒=
v =
aR cos 30° 15 × 2.5 × = 5.7m/s
2

14. r = cos ωt xˆ + sin ωt yˆ

7. fr v = −ω sin ωt xˆ + ω cos ωt yˆ

a = −ω2 cos ωt xˆ + ω2 sin ωt yˆ

Mv 2 ⇒ v.r = 0
fr = FCP = 
R velocity is perpendicular to r .
But fr < µMg  
2
⇒ a = −ω2 (r)
So v < µ sRg
acceleration is directed towards the origin.
vmax = µ s Rg
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15. Net force on the particle in uniform circular ∆ω (1200 − 360)(2π)
21. =
α =
motion is centripetal force, which is provided by ∆t 60 × 14
2
the tension in string. = 2π rad/s
mv 2
16. To complete a vertical circle, speed at A should 22. T − mg =
r
5gD m(7gr)
=
be vA =
5gR ⇒ T − mg =
2 r
1 ⇒ T = 8 mg
using energy conservation mgh = mv 2A
2 23. At lowest position
2
1v 1 5g D 5D  D  u2 
h= =
A
= R =  T1 – mg = m  
2 g 2 g 2 4  2 L
17. fL = µN = µmrω
2
T1 – mg = m (10g)
fs = mg
T1 = 11 mg ... (1)
ω
60° T2
fr u2 v2 V
L T L
N
60°
mg mg
mg
At 60° to vertical
As fs ≤ fL
 v2 
T2 – mg cos 60° = m  
⇒ mg ≤ µmrω
2
L
g mg mv 2
⇒ ω³ T2 = + ... (2)
μr 2 L
Using conservation of energy
⇒ ωmin = 10 rad/s
1
mv2 m (u2 – v2) = mg L cos 60°
18. T – mg cos θ = 2
R
 1
u2 – v2 = 2gL  
 2
θ T
log L – v2 = 2L
m v= 9gL ... (3)
from (2) & (3)
mg mg 19
T2 = + m(9g) = mg .. (4)
T will be maximum when θ = 0°, 2 2
When mass is at lowest point. from (1) & (4)
19. TA = T B
T2 19
2π 2π =
⇒ = T1 22
ωA ωB
ωA
⇒ =1:1
ωB
20. θ = (2πn), ω0 = 0, ω = V0/r
ω2 − ω20 (V0 / r)2 − 0 V02
== α = =
2θ 2(2πn) 4πnr 2
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1. α = 3 rad/s2, at t = 0, ω0 = 3 rad/sec.
4. At top most point speed of the body may be
t0 t0+4
t=0 zero, because rod will support the body their
ω0 = 3 rad/sec ω
V0 = 0
from t0 to (t0 + 4)
1 2
θ = ωt + αt
2
1
120 = ω × 4 + × 3 × 16
2
120 = 4ω + 24 m
ω = 24 rad/sec. V
from t = 0 to t0
1
ω = ω0 + αt0 ∴ mv 2= 0 + mg(2 )
2
24 = 3 + 3 t0
t0 = 7 sec. v = 4g
2
v  
2. tan θ = 5. v = vjˆ and u = uiˆ
rg
by ↑ speed by 10% speed becomes 1.1v
y v
v 2 (1.1v)2
∴ = x
rg r'g 
O B
∴ r' = (1.1)2r = 24.2 m

3. A B C
u
TA TB TC A
angular velocity ω is same for all. By COME between A and B
TC = mω2 (3) 1 1
2 2 mv 2 + mg = mu2
TB = TC + mω (2) = mω (5) 2 2
TA = TB + mω2 () = mω2 (6) ∴=v u2 − 2g
∴ TC : T B : T A : : 3 : 5 : 6
  
∆v = v − u = u2 − 2g ˆj − uiˆ

|=
∆v| ( u2 − 2g )2 + u2 = 2(u2 − g )
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1
3 × 0 +4 × 2 + 8 × 1 16 a
1. x= m= m = 1·1 m
3+4+8 15 o b
3× 0 + 4×1 + 8 ×2 20 O2 O1 x-axis
y= m= m = 1·3 m
3+4+8 15 X2 C
so co-ordinates (1·1m, 1·3 m)
y m1 = πb2σ and x1 = c
2.
(0,a) m2 = π(a – b )σ
2 2
and x2 = ?
3m (a,a)
M = m1 + m2 = πa σ 2
and XCM = 0
So substituting these values in equation (1)
m 2m x πb2 σc + π(a2 − b2 )σx2
0=
(0,0) (a,0) πa2 σ
−cb2
x2 = ..........(2)
m × 0 + 2m × a + 3m × a + 4m × 0 (a2 − b2 )
= X CM =
m + 2m + 3m + 4m i.e., centre of mass of the remainder (say O2) is at
2 2 2
5 a a distance cb /(a – b ) to the left of O on the line
= a=
10 2 joining the centres O and O1.
m × 0 + 2m × 0 + 3m × a + 4m × a 7 BEGINNER'S BOX - 2
YCM = = a
m + 2m + 3m + 4m 10  
 m v + m2 v 2
1. v cm = 1 1
a 7
so co-ordinates  , a  m1 + m2
 2 10 
  1 × 2i + 2 × (2 cos 30i − 2 sin 30j)
 
=
3. Length of rod = r2 − r1 3
= (4 − 2)2 + (2 − 5)2 = 13 m  2 + 2 3  2 
=   i − j
   3
 m1 r1 + m2 r2   3
centre of mass rCM =  
m1 + m2  m1 v1 + m2 v 2
2. v CM =
m1 + m2
3 2 ˆ =  14 î + 19 ˆj  m
= (2iˆ + 5ˆj) + (4iˆ + 2j)  5 ˆ + 2( −10iˆ + 35ˆj − 3k)
10(2iˆ − 7jˆ + 3k) ˆ
5 5  5  =
12
4. (a) at O (b) III quadrant (c) on OY' axis 24 ˆ
(d) at O (e) iv quadrant (f) at O = k = 2kˆ = 2 m/s
12
5. Let the circular disc of radius 'a' is made up of the m v + m2 v 2 5(14) + 2(0)
3. vcm = 1 1 =
circular section of radius b as a remainder. m1 + m2 5+2
Further let the line of symmetry joining the 70
= = 10 m/s
centres O and O1 be the x-axis with O as origin. 7
  
The centre of mass of the disc of radius 'a' will be  m a + m2 a 2 + m 3 a 3
4. a CM = 1 1
given by m1 + m2 + m3
m1 x1 + m2 x2 ˆ + ( −î + 2jˆ − k)
(3iˆ − 2jˆ + 2k) ˆ + (iˆ + ˆj + k)
ˆ
X CM = ................. (1) =
m1 + m2 1+2+3
while YCM and ZCM will be zero (as for all points on
ˆ
3iˆ + ˆj + 2k
=
x-axis y and z = 0). 6
If σ is the density of the material of disc.  14
a CM = m/s2
6
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5. Let x = shift of plank to the right 4. m
   
 m A ∆x A + m B ∆x B + m c ∆x c + m p ∆x p
∆x =
m A + mB + mC + mP
m u vcosθ
40(x + 4) + 50x + 60(x − 4) + 90x
0= θ
40 + 50 + 60 + 90
2m
1
⇒x= m (Right) vsinθ v
3
 
 m1 .∆x1 + m2 .∆x2 COLM in x-axis
6. ∆x =
m1 + m2 m × 45 2 = 2mv cos θ
m1 a + m2 ∆x2 45
⇒ 0= v cos θ = ....(1)
m1 + m2 2
m1 a COLM in y-axis
⇒ ∆x2 =−
m2 m × 45 2 = 2 mv sin θ
7. CM remains at rest if initially it is at rest. 45
v sin θ = ....(2)
8. Without any external force velocity of COM 2
remain unchanged. from equation (1) & (2)
2 2
5 (1) − 3 (1)  45   45 
v cos θ + v sin θ =   +
2 2 2 2
So, vinitial = = 1 m/s 

1+1  2  2
after 1 sec position will shift by v = 45 m/s
m1 v1 − m2 v 2 2× 3 −1× 4 2
xshift = ∆x = v ×t 5. vsystem = = =
m1 + m2 3 3
= 1 × 1 = 1m
6. m = 1kg, h = 20m, e = 0.5
New position = Old position + 1m
2
= 5 + 1 = 6m. 1
(i) v2 = e u =   × 2g × 20 =
2
5m / s
  2
 m ∆y + m2 ∆y 2
9. ∆y = 1 1 4
m1 + m2 1 20 5
(ii) h2 = e h =   × 20 =
4
= m
2 16 4
m 3m
=
⇒ 0 (15) + (y 2 ) ⇒ y2 = –5 cm total distance gh  1 + e2 
4 4 (iii) vavg = =  2 
total time 2  (1 + e) 
= m/s
m1 − m2 9
1. v1 = u1
m1 + m2 1
7. u = 40 m/s, e = 0.5 =
2
u 2−m travelled total distance
⇒= ×u
4 2+m S = 2h + 2h1 + 2h2 + ...... + ∞
⇒ (2 + m) = 4(2 – m)  2   2  40 × 40 
S=  2 
h=   = 213.33 m
1
1 − e   1 −   2 × 10 
⇒ m = 1.2 kg  4
Total time
2. For e = 1 and same mass velocity will exchange
T = 2t + 2t1 + 2t2 + ...........
after collision.
 1 
3. m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) vsystem
⇒ T=   2t
1 − e 
mv + 2m × 0 v  1   40 
=  2 ×   = 16 sec.
vsystem = = 1
m + 2m 3  1 −   10 
 2
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8. S = h + 2h1 + 2h2 + ...... 11. Using relative motion, the time of collision is
1 h
e = 0.2 = t= = 1s
5 20 + 0
 1  using equation v = u + at, for t = 1

1 + e  2 1 + 25  13
S = h  =h  = h velocity of particle A & B is 10jˆ and −10jˆ
 1 − e2   1 − 1  12 respectively at the time of collision.
 25 
By conservation of momentum for collision
m - em2 (1 + e)m2
9. 
v1 = 1
m1 + m2
u1 +
m1 + m2
u2
( ) ( )
3 −10ˆj + 1 10ˆj = 4v f ⇒ vf = 5 m/s
(1 + e)m1 m - em1 1( ) 2
v2 = u1 + 2 u2 KE = 4 ( 5 ) = 50J
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 2
  ˆ + 3( −2i)
ˆ
u1 = 6 m/s u2 = –6 m/s  m1 v1 + m2 v 2 2(5i)
12. (a) v CM = =
1 m1 + m2 2+3
m1 = m2 e=
3 = 0.8 î m/s
(1 – e) (1 + e) (b) By momentum conservation law
∴ v1 = u1 + u2
2 2 
(2) (5 î ) + 3(–2 î ) = (2) (– 1.6 î ) + 3 ( v 2 )
⇒ v1 = –2 m/s
⇒ v2 = 2 m/s ⇒ velocity of 2nd particle = 2.4 î m/s
 
10. In the one dimensional elastic collision with one |v − v | 2.4 + 1.6 4
(c) e =  2  1 = =
body at rest, the body moving initially comes to |u1 − u2 | 5+2 7
rest & the one which was at rest earlier starts
moving with the velocity that first body had
before collision.
so, if m & v0 be the mass & velocity of body,
the change in momentum = mv0 ⇒ ∫ Fdt = mv0
mv 0
⇒ ∫ Fdt = mv 0 ⇒F=
∆t
= 2N
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4. The centre of mass of the system of particles
1. does not depend on internal forces on the
P Q R particles.
  
If Fext. = 0 then v CM = constant
If no external force acts on a system the velocity
of its centre of mass remains constant, i.e.,
velocity of centre of mass is unaffected by
Distance of C.O.M. of system from P is internal forces.
1 × PQ + 1 × PR PQ + PR 5. m1r1 = m2r2
= =
3 3 r1 m2
=
2. Mass of disc = M r2 m1
M 1
Mass per unit area = ⇒ r∝
πR2 m
6. COM may lie within (i.e. in solid sphere), outside
of the surface of the body (L shaped Lamina)
R O 7.
X R/2
Mass of area of cutting part

2
M R M The COM of the system is located at the point of
= × π =
πR 2 4
  16 intersection of their median.
8. Centre of mass is towards heavier mass and
15M
Remaining mass = m << M.
16
So centre of mass of the system in nearer to M.
15M M 3R   
×x= ×  m1 r1 + m2 r2 + m3 r3
16 16 4 9. rcm =
m1 + m2 + m3
R 
⇒ x= from centre O
20 rcm = 0
  
3. m1 = M (Solid sphere) ⇒ m1 r1 + m2 r2 + m3 r3 = 0
   
rx1 = 0 ry1 = a  m r + m2 r2 + m3 r3 + m 4 r4
rcm = 1 1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m 4
Hollow sphere m2 = M
ˆ ˆ ˆ
0 + 4α(i + 2j + 3k)
rx2 = 0 ry2 = 0
(î + 2jˆ + 3kˆ ) =
1+2+3+ 4
Disc. m3 = M
5
rx3 = a ry3 = 0 ⇒α=
2
m1 rx1 + m2 rx2 + m3 rx3 0 + 0 + aM a 10. By third law for a system
rxcm = = =
m1 + m2 + m3 3M 3    
F12 = −F21 or dP1 = − dP2
m1 ry1 + m2 ry2 + m3 ry3 Ma + 0 + 0 a 11. Let plank shifted by x then ∆xCM = 0, as there is
rycm = = =
m1 + m2 + m3 3M 3 no external force on the system.
So co-ordinate of centre of mass of system will m(L – xplank) – Mxplank = 0
a a mL
be  ,  xplank =
3 3 M+m
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
40 20. For rubber ball ∆p is more
12. 200 = n× × 103
1000 as vf will be in opp. direction
n = 5 bullets/sec   
∆=p m ( vf − vi )
∴ n = 300 bullets/min   
21. By v= u + at
(3m − m) g
13. a
= = g 
3m + m 2 v = 100jˆ − 10jˆ × 5 = 50ˆj m/s
 
using COLM p f = pi

0.6v 2 – 0.4 × 25ˆj = 1 × 50ˆj

0.6v 2 = 60ˆj

v 2 = 100jˆ m/s
m m × 30
22.
3m
 
 3ma1 + ma2
a cm =
3m + m
Both mass have same magnitude of accleration m × 30
 
but in opposite direction a1 =−a 2 =a Let). 3m × v
 3m − m  g g Total momentum = 0
=
a cm  = ×
 4m  2 4
∴ m × 30 × 2 = 3m × v
14. Since in this system their is absence of external
force which can move the centre of mass. v = 10 2 m/s
Here particles are moving due to mutual 23. M1 × 8v = M2v
interaction between them that's why velocity of
COM of the system will be zero.  4 3 3 
M2 = 8M1  M = 3 πr ρ,M ∝ r 
   
 m v + m2 v 2
15. v cm = 1 1
m1 + m2 ∴ r2 = 2r1
m1 = 2kg m2 = 3kg r1 1
  ⇒ =
v1 = 3m/s v 2 = 2m/s r2 2
2 × 3 + 3 × 2 12 p2
= = m/s 24. KE =
2+3 5 2m
16. m1 = 200 gm m2 = 500 gm KE1 m2
∴ =
 ˆ  KE 2 m1
v1 = 10i v=2 3iˆ + 5ˆj

 
m v + m2 v 2 200 × 10iˆ + 500(3iˆ + 5ˆj) ( p = same )
v cm = 1 1 =
m1 + m2 200 + 500 25. mv
20iˆ + 15iˆ + 25ˆj 25ˆj
= = 5iˆ +
7 7
17. 3 × 16 = 6 × v
v = 8 m/s
mv
1 2mv’
∴ KE = × 6 × 8 × 8 = 192J
2 ∴ 2mv ' = mv 2

18. ( ) ( )
m 3i + 2j + m −î − 4ˆj + mv =0
ˆ
v
 ⇒ v' =
∴ v=−2iˆ + 2ˆj 2
19. By COLM ∴ KE released
3
50 × 600 = 10 × v 1 1 v2 3
= mv 2 × 2 + 2m × = mv 2
v = –30 m/s 2 2 2 2
negative sign show's opposite direction
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P2 P2 36. 2gh f = e 2gh i
26. Total energy = +
2m1 2m2
hf 9 3
P2  1 1  ⇒ e= = = = 0.6
= m + m  hi 25 5
2  1 2 
(1 × 80)2 1 1  37. 50 × 10 = 1000 × v

=
2 1 + 2  = 4.8 kJ
1
∴ v= m/s
27. 18 × 6 = 12 × v 2
v = 9 m/s
1 50
1 Ei = × × 10 × 10 =2.5J
∴ KE = × 12 × 9 × 9 = 486J 2 1000
2
1 1000 1 1 1
1 1 2 Ef = × × × = J
28.
2
mv = MV ; MV = kd 2 1000 2 2 8
2 2
kd2 2.5 − 1 / 8
∴V= % loss = × 100 =
95%
M 2.5
M kd2 d 38. mv = (M + m)vƒ

∴v= = kM .
m M m
m
∴ vƒ = v
29. Momontum is conserved in all collision. M+m
30. Consider ball and earth as a system. 39. Let a ball fall from a height (h) and let it touch
31. By Conservation of linear momentum the ground with a velocity v taking time (t) to
pi= pf reach the ground.
PQ + R(0) = (P + R)V Let v1,v2,v3....... be the velocities immediately
V = PQ/(P + R) after first, second, third ...... collisions with the

ground.
32. By COLM
Height attained by the Ball After the 'n'th
mu + 0 = mv1 + mv2 ..... (1)
Rebound
v 2 − v1
e= ..... (2) v1 = ev ⇒ 2gh1 = e 2gh ⇒ h1 = e h,
2
u−0
⇒ v2 – v1 = eu ..... (3) v2 = e2v ⇒ 2gh2 = e
2 4
2gh , h2 = e h.
from (1)
u = v1 + v2 ..... (4) Similarly h n = e2n h
putting (4) in (1) 40. By COLM

v2 – v1 = e(v1 + v2)
mv – mv = 0
⇒ v2 – ev2 = v1 + ev1
41. Velocity interchange when mass are equal
v1 1 − e
= So KE = mgL
v2 1 + e
33. For same mass and e = 1 velocities exchange 42. mu1 + mu2 = 2mv
34. 'e' is unit less 1 1 1

KE loss= (2m)v 2 − mu12 − mu22
  2 2 2
35. m1 u1 + m2 u2 = 0 + 0
 m   u1 + u2 
2
 m
200 × 0.3 + 400 × u2 = 0 2 2
(u1 − u2 )2
2   − u1 − u2= 
 2   2   4
u2 = –0.15 m/s
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v 53. e = 0, for perfectly inelastic.
43. 54. e2h

9m/s m 30° e4h
m 30° h
m
before
after
v
2 4
Total distance = h + 2e h + 2e h + ....
3
2mv × =m × 9 2 2 4
2 = h + 2e h(1 + e + e +...)
9 1
v= m/s = 3 3 = 5.2 m/s = h + 2e2 h ×
3 1 − e2
44. Mass must be same  2e2   1 + e2 
3
= h 1 + 2 
=
 2 
h
4 3 4 r  1− e  1− e 
∴ ρ1 × πr =ρ2 × π  
3 3 2 55. According to the law of conservation of
ρ2 momentum
=8  
ρ1  
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v 2 ......(i)
v  
45. 5 × v = (5 + m) ⇒ m = 10 kg Here u1 ,u2 = Initial velocities of m1 and m2
3  
v1 , v 2 = Final velocities of m1 and m2
10
46. × 500 =(10 + 0.01) × v ⇒ v = 0.5 m/s  
1000 Change in velocity of m1 = v1 − u1
47. v2 = –u2 + 2u1 (using COLM & e = 1)  
Change in velocity of m2 = v 2 − u2
v2 = 0 + 2(20) = 40 m/s    
m1 v1 − m1 u1 = −m 2 v 2 + m 2 u 2
48. 5 × 10 – 2 × 15 = 7 × v
   
20 or m1 ( v1 − u1 )= m2 ( − v 2 + u2 )
v= = 2.8 cm/s in east
7  
v1 − u1 m2
or   =
49. Momentum is conserved. − v 2 + u2 m1
50. 20 × 10 = 25 × v
changes in velocity of m1 m2
200 ∴ =
v= = 8 m/s changes in velocity of m2 m1
25
MA
1 56. =1
∴ KE = × 25 × 8 × 8 = 800J MB
2
51. Velocity interchange when m = M v A MB
By COLM MAvA = MBvB = = = 1
u v v v B MA
52.
m M m M 57. In option (3)
before after
It is not possible that after collision one ball
mu = (M – m)v ...(1)
moves along the original line of motion while the
2v
=
e = 1 other ball moves along some angle (α) with
u original line.The momuntum perpendicular to
u original line of motion cannot be conserved in
∴ v= ...(2)
2 this situation.
1
∴ m = (M − m) × Initial momentum along perpendicular
2
direction=zero
2m = M – m
3m = M Final momentum along perpendicular direction =
m 1 m2v2 sinα. Hence momentum is not conserved.
= Hence the situation is physically impossible. Rest
M 3
option may be physically possible.
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58. Velocity would interchange 65.
59. For elastic oblique collision having object of same
mass. After collision they move perpendicular to
v
v N
each other.
60. Initial energy = mgh = mg(10) m v
W E
if 40% is lost
Remaining energy = 60% of mg(10) m 2m
S
60
⇒ × mg(10) = mg(h)
100
According to the law of conservation of linear
h = 6m momentum along horizontal direction,
mv + 0 = 2mv'x
hf 1.8 3 v
61. =
e = = 0.6
= v x' =
hi 5 5 2
According to the law of conservation of linear
3 2
loss in velocity = 1 − = momentum along vertical direction,
5 5 0 + mv = 2 mv'y

62. p conserved in all collision v
v 'y =
KE conserved only in elastic collision. 2
∴ Speed of the new mass 2m is
63. mv = (M + m)vƒ 2 2
2 2 v v v
 m  v' = v' + v' =
x y   +  =
vƒ =  v 2 2 2
m+M
66. By Conservation of linear momentum
u(M − m)  
64. Mu = mu + Mv ⇒ v = pi = p f
M
in x direction
mAvA = (m A + m B )v x
in y direction
mBvB = (m A + m B )v y
30
vx = m/s
50
40
vy = m/s
50
2 2
3 4
(vx ) + (vy )
2 2
vnet = =  5  + 5 
   
= 1 m/s
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1. m1 = 1 kg m2 = 3 kg v
  p y = m2
ˆ
v1 =i + 2j + kˆ ˆ v2 = −3iˆ − 2jˆ + kˆ 2
  py 1
 m v + m2 v 2 ∴ tan=
θ =
v cm = 1 1 px 2
m1 + m2
Case-II
1(i + 2j + k)
 + 3( −3i − 2j + k)

= Similarly
1+3
i + 2j + k + −9i − 6j + 3k py
=
4 m2 v m1 m2
−8i − 4j + 4k
  B A θ
= =−2i − j + k px
4 before m
v/2 after 1
20
2. (12)2 + (16)2 =× m 4; = m = 5kg px = m2v
4
3. m × 2 = mv1 + 2mv2 v
p y = −m2
v − v2 2
0.5 = − 1 py
2 1
∴ tan θ = =−
∴ v1 – v2 = –1 px 2
v1 + 2v2 = 2 8. Energy will always be conserved so
3v1 = 0 K.Einitial = K.Efinal + Excitation energy
∴ v1 = 0, v2 = 1 1 1 1 1
m1 u12 + =m2 u22 m1 v12 + m2 v 22 + ε
2 2 2 2
4. Since bodies are moving due to mutual
interaction of force between them and the force
which is used to move the centre of mass of 9.
12R
system is external force and i.e. absent.
So velocity of centre of mass of system in this
case will be zero.
Initial distance between their centers = 12 R
5. mh = constant. as man is standing in a gravity
free space. (As mv = const)
m1h1 = m2h2 m1 = 0.5 kg h1 = 10 m
R 2R
0.5 × 10
h2 = m2 = 50 kg h2 = ?
50
∴ distance of man above floor will be At time of collision the distance between their
(10 + 0.1) m = 10.1m centers = 3R
6. Since Fext = 0 So total distance travelled by both=12R–3R=9R
so centre of mass of system will not shift. Since the bodies move under mutual forces,
7. Case-I center of mass will remain stationary so
v/2 m1x1 = m2x2
m2 v m1 mx = 5m(9R – x)
B A x = 45R – 5x
m
m2 px
θ 6x = 45R
before after 45
x= R
py 6
px = m2v x = 7.5R
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10. Let ball rebounds with speed v so 13. Since both bodies are identical and collision is
elastic. Therefore velocities will be interchanged
v= 2gh = 2 × 10 × 20 = 20 m/s after collision.
Energy just after rebound vA = –0.3 m/s and vB = 0.5 m/s
1 14. By conservation of linear momentum
E= × m × v 2 = 200 m
2 v
mv = 4mv' ⇒ v ' =
50% energy lost in collision means just before 4
collision energy is 400 m coefficient of restitution (e)
By using energy conservation Velocity of separation
=
1 Velocity of approach
mv 20 + mgh =
400m
2 v
−0
1
1 = 4 = = 0.25
⇒ mv 20 + m × 10 × 20 =
400m v −0 4
2
⇒ v0 = 20 m/s
A B
11. In elastic collision energy of system remains same
4m 2m 4m v1 2m v2
so. (K.E)before collision = (K.E)After collision 15.
Let speed of second body after collision is v' rest
1 1 v 1
2
4m − 2m 2mu u
⇒ =
mv 2
+0 m + m(v ')2 =
v1 = u =
2 2  3  2 4m + 2m 6m 3
Fraction of energy lost
2 2
⇒ v' = v 1 1 u
2
3 (4m)u2 − (4m)  
2 2  3  =1 − 1 = 8
12. =
1 9 9
(4m)u2
2
m m/6 5m/6 v2
16. v
v1
5m Conservation of linear momentum,
2kg v1
 m 5m 
v2 =
mv v1 + v2
0.1 0
6 6
10 gm ˆ
⇒ m(20iˆ + 25ˆj − 12k)
2kg
m ˆ + 5m v
400 m/s = (100iˆ + 35ˆj + 8k) 2
6 6
Applying momentum conservation 
⇒ v 2 =4iˆ + 23jˆ − 16kˆ
10 10
× 400 + 0 = 2 × v1 + × v2
1000 1000
17. 5m m v
⇒ 4 = 2v1 + 0.01v2 ......(1) m
Res
Applying work energy theorem for block 3m
W = ∆KE 
3mv + mviˆ + mvjˆ =
0
1
⇒ 2 × 10 × 0.1 = × 2 × v12  v v  v
2 ⇒ v = − î − − ˆj |v|= 2
3 3 3
⇒ v1 = 2 = 1.4 m/s Energy released
Putting the value of v1 in equation (1) 1 1 1  2v 2  4
= mv 2 + mv 2 + ( 3m )   = mv
2
4 = 2 × 1.4 + 0.01 v2 ⇒ v2 = 120 m/s 2 2 2  9  3
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18.
r= 21. 10kg 20kg
CoM 10m
5kg 10kg XCM
r1 r2 20 × 10 20
=
X CM = m
20 + 10 3
1 2m 2m
About CoM, mr = constant ⇒ r ∝ m/5
m 5 5
r1 m2 10 2 22. ≡
⇒= = = v
r2 m1 5 1 m
v
2 2
⇒ r1 = r = × 1 m = 67 cm
3 3 By conservation of momentum :
2m ˆ 2m ˆ m 
19. m(0)= ( − vi) + ( − vj) + v '
5 5 5
M(0,2) 
⇒ v ' = 2viˆ + 2vjˆ
⇒=
v' (2v)2 + (2v)2 = 2 2 v
M(0,0) M(2,0 23. m v1

M×0 + M×2 + M×0 2
= X CM = 4m
3M 3
M×0 + M×2 + M×0 2 u1 =0 3m v2
= YCM =
3M 3
 2 2
Position vector r =X CMî + YCMˆj = î + ˆj  Fext = 0 ∴ ∆P = 0
3 3
1 m1m2 ⇒ P1 + P2 = 0 ⇒ P1 = –P2
20. ∆H = (u1 – u2)2 (1–e2)
2 m1 + m2
P2
and E =
1 1 2m
for energy loss in collision ∆H =  mu2 
2 2 1 E1 3m 3
∴E∝ ⇒= =
m1 = m, m2 = 2m, u1 = u, u2 = 0 m E2 m 1
11  1 (m) (2m) 24.
mu2  = (u – 0)2 (1 – e2)
2  2  2 3m
1 2
= (1 − e2 )
2 3
CM
3 2
1− e =
4
1
e2 =
4
1
e= After explosion C.O.M. moving is the same path
2
but particles moving in different direction.
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5. 5 cm/s v2
1.
m1 m2 m1 v1 m2
28 cm before after
m∝r
3
21cm m1 × 5 = m1v1 + m2v2
3
O2 x 7cm 8 8 m1  2 
∴ × 5 = v1 × + v 2 ...(1) =
O O2 27 27 m2  3 
(v − v 2 )
1= − 1
5
Let mass of circular plate be = M 5 = v2 – v1 ....(2)
M  8   8 
solving 5  − 1 = v1  1 +
Mass per unit area =  27   27 
π(28)2
– 5 × 19 = 35 v1
Mass of part removed 19
v1 = − =−2.7
M 9M 7
= (21)2
× π=
π(28) 2
16 v2 = 2.3
6. 4v = (A – 4)Vrecoil
7M  4 
Mass of remaining part = ∴ Vrecoil = 
16 v
A −4
7M 9M 7. Let mass of sphere = M
Now × x= ×7
16 16
x = 9 cm
X
The centre of mass of the remaining portion
from the centre of plate is 9 cm. R/2 R
2. v cos θ v2
M
Mass per unit volume =
4 3
2mv cosθ = mv2 – mv cosθ πr
3
∴ v2 = 3vcosθ 3
M 4 r M
Mass of removed part= × π =
3. v 4 3 3  2  8
10 m/s πr
3
1 m/s 1 m/s 7M
before after Remaining mass =
8
(v − 1) 7M M r
e= 1= − ×x = ×
−11 8 8 2
11 = v – 1 r
x=
v = 12 m/s 14
4. Max. compression happen when both have same 8. y

speed
∴ 2 × 10 + 5 × 3 = 7 × v
m1 m2
35 H Cl
∴ v= = 5 m/s x
7
1.27Å
Energy conservation Let m1 = 1 amu
1 1 1 1 m2 = 35.5 amu
× 2 × 102 + × 5 × 32 = × 7 × 52 + 1120x2 r1 = 0
2 2 2 2 r2 = 1.27Å
⇒
2
x = 0.0625 m r + m2 r2 35.5 × 12.7
rcm = 1 1 =
∴ x = 0.25 m m1 + m2 1 + 35.5
= 1.235 Å  1.24 Å
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xrm 13. Given m1 = 2kg

9.
Initial velocity of first body, u1 = ν
Initial velocity of second body, u2 = 0
M x Velocity of first body after collosion,
Mx + m(x – xr) = 0 u1 ν
ν1 = =
m 80 4 4
∴ x= x=
r × 4= 0.8
M+m 400 (m1 − m2 )u1 2m2 u2
∴ (x – xr) = 0.8 – 4 = –3.2 m =
As, ν1 +
(m1 + m2 ) (m1 + m2 )
u v2
10. Putting the given values
m 2m mv1 2m
befor after 1 (2 − m2 )
= u1 u +0
u = v1 + 2v2 ...(1) 4 ( 2 + m2 ) 1
−(v1 − v 2 ) 5m2 = 6
e=1=
u
6
∴ u = v2 – v1 ...(2) ∴ m2 = = 1.2 kg
5
−u 2u
=
solving v1 = , v2 Speed of centre of mass
3 3
fraction energy loss of neutron m1 u1 + m2 u2 2 × ν + 1.2 × 0
νcm = =
1 1  u
2 m1 + m2 2 + 1.2
mu2 – m  – 
=2 2  3 = 8 2 5
1 9 = ν= ν
mu2 3.2 8
2
14.
11. Centre of mass is towards heavier mass and
bottom piece has more mass in comparison to
the handle piece. 1/4m 45°
d
dm
12. = λ ⇒ dm = λdx 1/2m
dx
in case of uniform bodies. 1
d= sin 45°
3 3 4
x cm =
∫0
dm.x
=
∫ λdx.x
0
(λ = 2 + x) d = 0.1767 m or 17.7 cm
3 3
∫0
dxm ∫ λdx
0
3 3
=
∫ 0
(2 + x).x.dx
=
∫ 0
(2x + x2 ).dx
3 3
∫ 0
(2 + x)dx ∫ 0
(2 + x).dx
3
 2 x3  (3)3
x +  (3) 2
+
 3 0 3= 36 12
= 3 2
=
 x 
2 (3) 21 7
2(3) +
 2x +  2
 2 0
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 v 36
4. (a) Angular speed ω = = = 120 rad/s
1. The given equation is ω= at + b , therefore r 0.30
motion is rotation with uniform angular (b) (i)  ω2 = ω20 + 2αθ

acceleration.
∴ 0 = (120) + 2 α (40 × 2π)
2
Initial angular velocity = ω0 = b = 1.0 rad/s

90
⇒α=–
2
rad/s
Angular acceleration α = a π
1 2 (ii) distance covered during braking

θ= at + ω0t + c
2 = circumference of wheel × number of revolution
Since at t = 0, θ0 = 2 rad/s, we obtain the = 2πr × 40 = 2π × 0.30 × 40 = 24π m
constant c. ω t
5. ∫ dω = ∫ αdt ⇒ ω –2 = (t – t + t ) 0
4 3 2 t
ω − ω0 5 −1
α= = = 2 rad/s2 2 0
t 2
⇒ ω – 2 = t4 – t3 + t2
1
θ = ω0t + αt2 ⇒ ω = 2 + t2 – t3 + t4
2
θ t
1
t
 t3 t4 t5 
θ = 1× 4 + × 2(4)2 ∫ dθ = ∫0 ωdt ⇒ θ − 1 =  2t + 3 − 4 + 5 
2 1 0
θ = 20 rad. t3 t4 t5
⇒ θ = 1 + 2t + − +
3 4 5
Final angular position = 20 + 2 = 22 rad.
7. ω = ω0 + αt ⇒36 = 0 + α × 6 ⇒ α = 6
2.  Initial angular speed ω0 = 2πn0
θ = 1/2 × 6 × 36 = 108 rad.
 60 1  8. ω2 = ω02 + 2αθ ; θ = 1/2 × α × 4 = 2α
= 2π  ×  = 2 rad/s
 π 60 
2
 600 × 2π 
∴ Angular speed ω = ω0 + αt and   = 2× α × 2α
 60 
= 2 + 10 × 2 = 22 rad/s
⇒ α = 10π rad/s2
1 2
Angular displacement θ = ω0t + αt BEGINNER'S BOX - 2
2
1 2
= 2 ×2 + × 10 (2) = 24 radian 1.
2 y
(0,3) 3kg
3. ω = A – Bt
dω 1kg 2kg
α= = –B x
dt 10kg (0,0) (2,0)
at t = 0 ; ω0 = A (–2, –2)
ω2 − ω20 0 − A2 A2
θ= = =
2α −2B 2B
2 2 2 2
I = 1 × (0) + 2 × (2) + 3 × (0) + 10(2)
2
= 48 kg-m
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Pre-Medical
2. Iring = Idisc MR 2
11.
2
Moment of inertia I = MR +
MR MR2
R 2
1 2
= 1
⇒ 1= 2
2 4 R2 2
2MR 2 + MR 2 3 2
= = MR
I1 M1 R12 4 M1  4  M 1
2
2 2
3. = ⇒= ×  ⇒ 1 =
I 2 M2 R 22 1 M2  1  M2 4
2
12. It will be again = MR 2 , because the axis in
L L
2 2
5
4. I = m1   + m2  
2 2 question is also diameter of the sphere.
2 2 2
= 1 × (1) + 2 × (1) = 3 kg-m
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3
5 4
5. I = MR 2 ⇒ MR 2 = I   
4 5 1. τ = r ×F
3 3 4 6
I' = MR 2 = × I = I î ˆj kˆ
2 2 5 5 
τ= 2 1 3
6. Moment of inertia of hollow cylinder will be
1 −2 5
larger as compare to disc because most of its
mass is located away from the axis of rotation as  ˆ −4 − 1)
τ = î(5 − ( −6)) − ˆj(10 − 3) + k(
compare to that of disc.
7. Spokes do not carry much mass. Most of the 
τ 11iˆ − 7jˆ − 5kˆ
=
mass is located at the rim. This gives cycle wheel
more moment of inertia for same mass.
2. About point B moment of inertia is less than A
t
8. MA = πr tρ and MB = π(4r)
2
ρ
2
so it is easier to rotate about point B.
4
⇒ MB = 4 MA 3. τ = Iα
2
IA MA r 1
∴ = 2
= 20 2  20 
2
IB M B × 16r 64 2× = ×  ×α
100 2  100 
⇒ IB = 64IA
9. Mass of plate = (Mass per unit area) (Area) = µ2 α = 10 rad/sec
Moment of inertia 20
× 10 = 2 m/s
2
at = rα =
M 2 2
µ ×  2
µ 4 100
I= = =
6 6 6
4. r1F1 = r2F2
10. m1
1.6 × 1 = 0.4 × F2
a a ⇒ F2 = 4 N
m3 5. Net force on rod Fnet = 0

m2 a
τnet = – F × 20 + F × 40 – F × 60 + F × 80
Moment of inertia = 40 F
2 2
a a so rod experinces a torque
I = m1× 0 + m2 ×   + m3 ×  
2
  2
a2
= (m2 + m3)
4
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6. A 3m B 2. The angular momentum of particle about origin will be zero
D because given straight line passes through origin, so line of
(3–x) x
6N 4N action of velocity (momentum) also passes through this
2N
point.
for equilibrium net torque at B end = 0
3.
–2 –2
–2(3) + 6 × x = 0; x = 1 m r1 = 0.5 × 10 m; r2 = 0.15 × 10 m
7. For block : mg – T = ma ...(i)
⇒ 2π r1 × 3 = 2π × r2 × n
MR 2
For disc (pulley) TR = Iα = α ∴ 0.5 × 10–2 × 3 = 0.15 × 10–2 × n ⇒ n = 10
2
α 4. Moment of inertia about diametric axis
R
M 1 2 1 2 –5 2
I= MR = (0·2) (0·04) = 8 × 10 kg–m
T 4 4
T 1 2 1
∴ kinetic energy = Iω = × (8 × 10–5)(10)2
2 2
m a
=4 × 10–3 J
mg Angular momentum L = Iω =8 × 10–4 J-s
a Ma
But α = so T = ...(ii)
R 2 BEGINNER'S BOX - 5
Therefore 1. τ = 0 ⇒ L = constant
mg − T 2m mg 2m
= ⇒ = +1 I1ω1 = I2ω2
T M T M
mg (1.2 × 10 ) K1 ω2
=
⇒T = = 6N ⇒ MK1 ω1 = MK2 ω2 ⇒
2 2
=
 2m   2 × 1.2  K2 ω1
 + 1   + 1
 M   2.4 
2. L = Iω
8.
B A L1 I1 ω1
 α ⇒ = ×
2 L 2 I2 ω2
mg
L mr 2 ω 4
⇒ = × =
For angular motion of the stick L2 m(r / 2) 2
ω 1
 L
τ = mg   = Iα ⇒ L2 =
2 4
moment of intertia of stick about B is
1 2 1 m 2
3. KE = Iω = × × (2πf)2
m 2
    m  3g2
2 2 3
=I ⇒ mg =   3  α ⇒=
α
3 2
    2
2
m π f
2 2 2
Acceleration of centre of mass =
3
    3g     3
= α   =
=   g 1 2
 2   2   2  4 4. WD = ∆KE = I(ω2 − ω12 )
2
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4
1
× I [(5ω) – ω ] = 12 Iω
2 2 2
1. ⇒ I = mearthr2 = 6 × 1024 × (1.5 × 108 × 103)2 =
2
2π 2π 2
ω= =  10 × 2π 
T 3.14 × 107 = 12 × 10 ×   = 131.6 J
 60 
Angular momentum = Iω
= 2.7 × 1040 kg m2/s
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1 2 BEGINNER'S BOX - 6
5. KE = Iω
2
2gs sin θ
2. v=
1 2  3 
2
2
1 + K2 / R2
= × ×1×   × (50)
2 5  100 
2 × 10 × 10 × sin 30°
⇒ v= = 7m/s
= 0.45 J 1+1
6. When sand is poured on a rotating disc its 1 2

3. KE = Iω
2
moment of inertia gets increased. Since no
2KE 2 × 360
external torque acts on the system, hence I= =
ω2
30 × 30
angular momentum must conserved. As L = Iω 2
I = 0.8 kg-m
so angular velocity will decrease.
2gh
1 2 4. v=
7. K.E. = Iω K2
2 1+ 2
R
2
1  2π  both disc rolling down from same height
⇒ 600 = × 3.0 ×  
2  T 
v1
=1
2 v2
 2π 
⇒   = 400
 T  1
5. Translation = MV2
2
2π
⇒ = 20
T 1 1
Total = MV 2 + Iω2
2 2
⇒ T = 0.314 second
1
ω2 − ω12 = MV 2
8. (a) Angular acceleration α = 2 2
2θ
1 1 2 V2
(100)2 − (10)2 MV 2 + × MR 2 × 2
= = 49.5 rad/s2 2 2 3 R
2 × 100
Torque τ = Iα = 1000 × 49.5
4
= 4.95 × 10 N–m MV 2 3
= = × 100 = 60%
1 5 5
(b) Increase in KE = I (ω22 – ω12) MV 2
2 3
1
= × 1000 × [(100)2 – (10)2]
2
6
= 4.95 × 10 J
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1. Physical quantity and its units. O=20 kg m2
2. Particles present on the axis of rotation are not 14. I’ = ?
performing circular motion.
3. During rotation angular velocity is constant linear
velocity will be more if distance from the centre
of earth will be more.
4. For rotational motion we use moment of inertia.
5. Moment of inertia depends on :
(a) mass of the body
(b) mass distribution of the body ML2
(c) position of axis of rotation =
as, I = 20
6
6. M.I is proportional mass distribution of the body
⇒ ML = 120
2
So, to increase M.I of a fly wheel its mass is
concentrated at its rim.
2
ML2 MR 2 MR 2 L2 R 2 L ML2 ML2
7. + =⇒ = ⇒L= 3 R I' =
I c + M   =+
12 4 2 12 4 2 12 4
8. I = mr2
I ∝ r , r↑ I↑ ML2 120
⇒
= I' = = 40 kg m2
3 3
MR 2
9. I = Idisc + IMasses =+ 4mR2
2 15.
10. For perpendicular axes
Iy = I x + I z
y IV
M,L
L/2
III
I
II
2
ML2 L 4ML2
z for one rad, I1 = + M   =
12 2 12
11. The theorem of perpendicular axis is applicable
only for 2-D objects. 4ML2 16ML2
Itotal = 4I1 = 4 × =
12. As disc is lying in the x-z plane, so applying 12 12
perpendicular axis theorem :-
Ix + Iz = Iy so, Itotal = 16I
30 + Iz = 40
16. Using parallel axis theorem
⇒ Iz = 40 – 30 = 10 kg m2
13. given Isolid sphere = Ihollow sphere 2
I= MR 2 + MX 2
2 2 5
⇒ Mr12 = Mr22
5 3
r12 5 Graph is parabola
⇒ =
r22 3 2
For X = 0, I = MR 2
r 5
⇒ 1 = 5: 3
r2
∴ Correct option (2)
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17. D P 27.
M
90°
R
O O’
m 2 m 2 m 2
So I = I1 + I2 = + =
12 12 6
D’ Q
Applying parallel axis theorem I
2 28. K=
IPQ = IC + Md M
MR 2 3 5
⇒ I PQ = + M(R)2 = MR 2 MR 2
2 2 K1 I1 4 = 5
18. I = m(a)2 + m(a)2 + m(0)2 + m(2a)2 = =
K2 I2 3 6
⇒ I = 6ma
2 MR 2
2
19. More will be distance of mass from axis, the
more will be the moment of inertia (I ∝ r )
2 29. /2 B
20. I = MK ⇒ I = 10(0.4) = 1.6 kg-m
2 2 2
2 2
21. I1 = MR 2 ; I2 = MR 2 ; I3 = MR2
5 3
2 2
ML ML 2 A
22. Iz = + + 0 ⇒ Iz = ML2  C
3 3 3
  
2
I = I A + IB + I C
23. so, I = m×  ×4 2
 2  5
⇒ I =+
0 m   + m2 =m2
Also, I = MK2 {Where M = 4m} 2 4
MR 2
30. I=
2

m m 20 × (0.2)2
= = 0.4 kg-m2
2
31. M.I is a tensor quantity.
m m 32. Using parallel axis theorem
2
so, m × × 4= 4m × K 2
2 MR2
 I = MR2 + MR2
∴ K= 2
2 I = 2MR
24. Using parallel axes theorem 33. Along diameter in the plane.
2
I = ICM + Md Using ⊥ Axis theorem
2
ML2 L Iz
I= + M  Ix
12 2
ML2
I=
3
25. M.I is proportional mass distribution of the body
So, to increase M.I of the disc its heavier mass is Iy
concentrated far from the axis of rotation. Ix + Iy = Iz
2Ix = Iz
26. The moment of inertia in rotational motion is MR 2
Ix =
equivalent to mass of linear motion. 2
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34. The moment of inertia is minimum about FH so, ωf = ωi + αt
because mass distribution is at minimum distance 0 = 40π + α × 10
from FH. so, α = –4π rad/sec2
A E D Now, τ = Iα = 5 × 10–3 × 4π = 2π × 10–2 N-m
60
F H 48. f = 60 rpm = rps = 1
O 60
B G C I = 2 kg-m2
ω = ω0 + αt
35. 2
IR = MR , ID = MR /2 2
0 = 2π + α(60)
2 2
IHS = MR 2 ISS = MR 2 2π π
3 5 α= − = − ∴ (Retardation)
60 30
36. τ = Iα
τ = Iα
τ ∝ I i.e, moment of inertia π π
    τ= 2× =
37. τ = I α like F = ma 30 15

 dL  d p Change in angular momentum
τ= like F = 49. Torque =
dt dt time
38. Angular acceleration will be more if M.I will be L 2 − L1 4A 0 − A 0
  τ= =
less. ( τ = I α ) t 4
39. So, torque = 10 × 0.5 = 5 N-m 3A 0
⇒ τ=
4
  
0.5 m 50. Torque, τ = r × F
î ˆj kˆ
 ˆ −9 − 4)
10N =
τ 3 2 3 = î [8 − ( −9) ] − ˆj(12 − 6) + k(
τ 2 −3 4
40. τ = Iα ⇒ α = ˆ N−m
I = (17iˆ − 6ˆj − 13k)
5  
so, α = = 2.5 rad/sec2 51. τ =I α
2 
τ =constant
41. ω = ω0 + αt 
α =constant , if I = constant
⇒ ω = 0 + 2.5 × 2 = 5 rad/sec 
  dL
∆L 52. τ = I α =
42. as, τ = dt
∆t  
so, ∆L = τ × ∆t τ =0 ⇒ L = constant angular momentum
⇒ ∆L = change in angular momentum = 5 × 2 53. given, ω0 = 20 rad/sec
= 10 N-m sec ω= 0
2
1 I = 50 kg-m
43. θ = ω0 t + αt2 t = 10 sec
2
1 ω − ω0 0 − 20
⇒ θ = 0 × 2 + × 2.5 × (2)2 = 5 radian = α = = –2 rad/sec2
2 t 10
44. as, torque = Iα and τ = Iα = 50 × 2 = 100 kg-m2/s2 = 100 N-m
⇒ τ = mK α {where K = radius of gyration}
2
45. Power, P = τ ×ω
  
P 1200 54. Torque τ = r × F
so, τ= = = 2 N-m
ω 600 î ˆj kˆ
 
 dL ∴ τ 0 0.5 −2
=
46. τ=
dt 2 0 −3
47. Frequency, n = 20 Hz  ˆ[ ˆ − 1]
τ = i −1.5 − 0] − ˆj[0 + 4] + k[0
ωi = 2πn = 40π rad/sec
ωf = 0, t = 10 sec

( )
τ = −1.5iˆ − 4ˆj − kˆ N − m
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55. 65. M = 10 kg
K = 0.1 m
ω = 10 rad/sec
θ angular momentum (L) = Iω
= MK ω = 10 × (0.1) × 10
2 2
Increasing angle causes equilibrium.

⇒ L = 1 kg m /s
2
56. J = Iω where ‘I’ is constant. So graph will be

straight line. 66. Here, Mass, M = 1.0 kg
57. Angular momentum is an axial vector. Diameter, D = 2.0 m
58. I = mR2 = 10(0.2)2 = 0.4 kg-m2 D
∴ Radius, R = = 1.0 m
1200 × 2π 2
ω= rad/sec.
60 The moment of inertia of the body,
ω = 40π rad/s I = MR2 = (1.0 kg) (1.0m)2 = 1.0 kg m2
Angular Momentum L = Iω = 16π J-s The angular velocity of the body,
≈ 50.25 J − s 10
ω = 2πυ = 2 × 3.14 × rad / s
59. given, K1 = K2 31.4
2 2
L L = 2 rad/s
⇒ 1 = 2
2I1 2I2 The angular momentum of the body,
2
L21 L2 L = Iω = (1.0 kg m ) (2rad/s)
⇒ = 2 2
= 2 kg m /s
2 × 9 2 ×1
L21 9 mv 2
⇒ = 67. Centripetal force, FC = ...(i)
L22 1 r
L1 3 and angular momentum, L = mvr
or =
L2 1 L
so, v =
60. f = 0.5 mr
ω = 2πf = π puting value of v in (i),
m2 m  L 
2
L = Iω = 0.6π kg × F= ×
S r  mr 
C
61. Constant velocity

m L2 L2
y ⇒ FC = × 2 2 = 3
v r m r mr
68. Since torque of string on stone is zero, the
h angular momentum will be conserved
θ
x 2π π
69. ω1 = = rad/s.
  10 5
Angular momentum = mv1 r = mvh = constant
62. Angular momentum is an axial vector. By conservation of Angular momentum
63. Relation between, kinetic energy (K) and angular I1ω1 = I2ω2
momentum (L) is :- π
⇒
2
100   = [100 + 50(2) ]ω
L = 2IK {where, I = moment of inertia} 5
L1 I1 I π 2π
so, = = = 1: 2 ⇒ ω= or
L2 I2 2I 15 30
64. Rotational kinetic energy of a body, 70. On melting water will be more at equator which
1 increase "r",
Krot = Iω2
2 ∴ moment of inertia increases.
2K rot 71. On loosing atmosphere, moment of inertia of
or, Iω = 2Krot or ω =
2
....(i)
I earth decreases so, ω increases and time period
Angular momentum of a body L = Iω T decreases.
2K rot  2π 
or, L = I = 2IK rot [From (i)] T = 
I  ω
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72. m↑ I↑ R2 R2 1 T 24hr.
⇒ = ⇒ T2 = 1 =
73. Iω = constant T 4 T2 4 4
I ↑ ω↓ T2 = 6hr.
82. Direction of linear momentum is variable.
83. Frequency of rotation = n Hz
74. A B so, ω = 2πn
1 2
and kinetic energy, K = Iω
2
Initially as ant move towards axis I decreases so 1 mL2
so, K = × × (4π2 × n2 )
ω increases. 2 3
After crossing axis I increases and ω decreases. 2
⇒
= K mL2 π2 n2
so, first ω increases then ω decreases. 3
 84. If torque is absent, Angular momentum will be
 dL
75. τ= conserved.
dt
 L2 1
τ=0 E= ⇒E∝
 2I I
L = constant
I ∝ m & I ∝ K2
76. As person is coming towards axis, it's distance 2
I2 m2  K 2 
from axis decreases. So M.I also decreases. So = ×  = 2
I1 m1  K1 
From conservation of angular momentum :-
1
as I decreases so, ω increases ⇒ E2 = E1 = 0.5 E
2
Befor after 85. Kinetic energy of particle
ω ω’
1
K = mv 2 ...(i)
77. 2
and angular momentum, L = mvr
L
so, v=
Applying conservation of angular momentum :- mr
2
I1ω1 = I2ω' 1  L  1 L2
putting v in (i), =
K m =  m× 2 2
Mr2 × ω = (Mr2 + 4mr2)ω' 2  mr  2 m r
Mr 2 ω Mω L2
=
so, ω' = so, K =
r (M + 4m) M + 4m
2
2mr 2
78. Applying conservation of angular momentum :- 1 2 1
86. as, K= Iω = (I × ω) × ω
I1ω = (I1 + I2)ω' 2 2
Iω 1 2K
so, ω' = 1 ⇒= K Lω or L=
(I1 + I2 ) 2 ω
 L K ω 1 1
 dL so, 2 = 2 × 1 = ×
79. τ= L1 K1 ω2 2 2
dt L2 1 L
 ⇒ = or L2 =
L = Angular momentum L1 4 4
80. As the angular momentum is conserved 3000
87. Revolutions per minute (N) = rpm
∴ I1ω1 = I2ω2 π
N 3000 50
or, mr22ω = m(r/2)2ω2 (ω1 = 2ω) so, frequency,= n = = Hz
ω2 = 8ω. 60 60 × π π
50
and ω = 2πn = 2π × = 100 rad/sec
81. Angular momentum is conserved, π
i.e. L = Iω = constant I = 400 kg m
2
∴ I1ω1 = I2ω2 so rotational kinetic energy (K) is

2 1 1
2 2π 2  R  2π K = Iω2 = × 400 × (100)2 = 2 × 106 J
MR 2 . = M  . 2 2
5 Τ1 5  2  Τ2
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1 K Rotation
88. Translational KE = mv 2 = E 93. Given, × 100 =
50%
2 K Total
1  K2  K2
Total KE = mv 2  1 + 2 
2  R  2
⇒ R 2 × 100 =
50
1 K
= mv 2 (1 + 1) = 2E 1+ 2
2 R
1 K2
K Slide mv 2
2 2 1
89. = ⇒ R 2 =
K Roll 1  K2  K 2
mv 2  1 + 2  1+ 2
2  R  R
1 K2
= =1:2 so, = 1,
1+1 R2
90. For pure rolling so it is a ring.
1 K2 1  K2 
=
K Rotation mv 2 × 2 94. Total energy = mv 2 1 + 2 
2 R 2  R 
1  K2  1 2 1  K2 
and =
K Total mv 2  1 + 2  Rotational energy = Iω or mv 2  2 
2  R  2 2 R 
K2 1 2
K Rotation 95. Rotational kinetic energy = Iω
so = R2 2
K Total  K2  1 2 1
1 + 2  K1 = I1 ω1 ; K2 = I2 ω22
 R  2 2
2 2
K2 2 K  I2   ω 2   I1   2ω 1  2
for solid sphere, = ∴ 2 =
=    =  
R2 5 K1  I1   ω1  2I
 1  1 ω 1
2 or K2 = 2K1
K Rotation 5 2
so, = = Rotational KE will be doubled.
K Total 2 7
1+ K2 2
5 K Rot. 2
2 96. = R = 5
K K Total K2 2
K Rotation 2 1+ 2 1+
91. = R 2 R 5
K Total K
1+ 2 =2:7
R
L2
K2 1 97. as, KE =
For disc, 2 = , 2I
R 2 if L = constant,
1 1
2 then KE ∝
= =
so, fraction 1:3 I
1
1+ as IA > I B
2
so (KE)A < (KE)B
92. Different parts of the rolloing wheel move with
98. Kinetic energy of ring,
the same linear and angular speed. The
magnitude of the linear velocity of the points at 1  K2 
=KE mv 2  1 + 2 
the extermities of the horizontal diameter of the 2  R 

wheel is equal to 2 2 m/s 2
1  10   K2 
= 0.4 ×   × (1 + 1) ∴ 2 =
1
2  100   R 
2 m/s ⇒ KE = 4 × 10–3 J
99. L = Angular momentum
⇒ L = Iω
1 2 I2 ω2 L2
2 m/s Rot. KE = Iω = =
2 2I 2I
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Disc 1 2h  2
100. 1+ 
t sphere sin θ g  5
L
so, =
h t disc 1 2h  1
1+ 
sin θ g  2
θ
7
Applying conservation of energy, = = 5 14 : 15
1  K2  3
=
mgh mv 2  1 + 2  2
2  R  105. v ∝ a
K2 1 v a g sin θ g sin θ
also, h = L sinθ and = = & aR = =
R2 2 vR aR I 2
1+
1  1 mR 2
=
so, mgL sin θ mv 2  1 + 
2  2 v
a = g sinθ ⇒ vR =
4gL sin θ 2
on solving, v = 106. Percentage of total energy which is rotational is
3
2
101. Acceleration of a purely rolling object on an K
inclined plane is :- = R2 × 100
g sin θ  K2 
a= 1 + 2 
 K2   R 
1 + 2  2
 R 
5 × 100 for sphere K = 2 
2
K2 2 =  
for spherical shell, 2 = 2  R 2
5
R 3 1 +
5
K2 1 2
for solid cylinder, 2 = = × 100 ≈ 28%
R 2 7
g sin θ 107. For rolling we have both translational and
 2 rotational motion together.
a shell 1 + 3  9 108.
so, = = 
a cylinder g sin θ 10
 1
1 + 2  h
 
2L
102. t1 = time for sliding =
as v
2L Applying conservation of energy :-
t2 = time for rolling = mgh = KTotal
aR
1  K2 
⇒ t1 : t2 = aR : as so = mgh mv 2  1 + 2 
2  R 
mg sin θ g sin θ 1
aR = = = as 1  1
I 2 2 =
mgh mv 2  1 + 
m+ 2 2  2
R
⇒ t1 : t2 = 1 : 2 4
on solving, v=
gh
103. For solid sphere total potential energy will 3
converted into both rotational and translational 109. The magnitude changes and the direction of
kinetic energy but for rectangle block potential angular momentum does not change when the
energy will be converted in only translational cylinder rolls down a slope.
kinetic energy. 110. For rolling motion on an inclined plain
1 2h  K2  g sin θ
104. As we
= know, t 1 + acceleration is given by a R =
   K2 
sin θ g  R2  1 +
 
 R2 
K2 2 K2 1
For sphere, = & For disc, =
R2 5 R2 2
100
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Pre-Medical

1. 6. Using parallel axis theorem
/2
A L/2
m
 m 2
Torque, τA = mg × and I A = I0 Ix
2 3
2
ML
as, τA = IA × α Ix = I0 +
4
mg 7. As the string is pulled downwards, tension in the
τA 2
or α
= = string, always pass through point O.
IA m 2 So, torque of tension about O will be zero and
3 angular momentum of object about O will remain
3g constant.
⇒ α=
2 L2
also, K=
2I
2.
A
O r
/2
Moment of inertia of rod about given axis, IA 1 1

⇒ K∝ ∝ { ∴ L is constant}
so, IA = IC + Md
2
I mr 2
2 r
M2  M2 M2 so, if r becomes then K becomes 4K.
IA = + M   = + 2
12 2 12 4
8. Let us assume clockwise torque to be –ve and
M2 anticlockwise torque to be +ve.
⇒ IA =
3 F3
4 r r
so, I =4 × I A = M2
3 O
r
4. I1ω1 = I2ω2 by COAM F2
F1
I1 ω1
ω2 = Then net torque about 0,
I2 τ = τ1 + τ2 + τ3 = 0 (given)
I1 = MR2 F1 r + F2 r + ( −F3 r) =0
ω1 = ω so, (F1 + F2)r = F3r
2 2
I2 = MR + mR + mR = (M + 2m)R
2 2
⇒ F3 = F1 + F2
Mω 10. At maximum compression of spring, total kinetic
ω2 = energy of rolling cylinder will be converted into
M + 2m
potential energy of the spring.
5. θ = 2t3 – 6t2 
1 K2  1 2
so, mv 2  1 + 2  =kx
dθ dω 2  R  2
=
ω = 6t2 − 12t and =
α = 12t − 12
dt dt
1  1 1
⇒ 3 × (4)2 1 +  = × 200 × x2
τ = Iα , so Torque becomes zero then α will be 2  2 2
zero.
on solving, we get x = 0.6 m
⇒ 12t – 12 = 0 11. Moment of inertia of an object increases as we
⇒ t = 1 sec move away from centre of mass, so IB is
maximum.
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12. v = 1 m/s (w.r.t. ground) ⇒ v = 2v0
1
m ( 2v 0 ) = 2mv 20
2
KEf =
ω0 2
16. By torque balancing about B
NA(d) = W(d–x)
MI of platform = 200 kg-m2,
W(d − x)
MI of man = mR2 = 200 kg-m2 ⇒ NA =
d
For system (platform + man) by using COAM
NA NB
50 × 1 × 2 1
IPω0 = mvR ⇒ ω0 = = rad/s
200 2
A B
Angular velocity of man w.r.t. platform x
d-x
v 1 1 W
= + ω0 = + = 1 rad/s
R 2 2 17. X
Time taken by the man to complete one 1
2π rad
revolution = = 2π s
1 rad / s
13. Here α = 2 revolutions/s = 4π rad/s

2 2
2 r r 3
1 1 25
I = MR 2 = (50) (0.5)2 = Kg-m2
2 2 4
As τ = Iα so TR = Iα X’
 25  Ixx' = I1 + I2 + I3
Iα  4 
( 4π )
⇒ T= = N 2 2 2 2
R (0.5)  2 
= mr +  mr + mr 2  +  mr 2 + mr 2 
3  3   3 
= 50π N = 157 N
⇒ Ixx' = 2mr + 2mr = 4mr
2 2 2
14. For rolling motion without slipping on inclined

plane 18. Velocity of the automobile
g sin θ 5
a1 = =
v 54 × = 15 m/s
K2 18
1+ 2
R
v 15 100
and for slipping motion on inclined plane ω0 = = = rad/s
R 0.45 3
a2 = gsinθ
so angular acceleration
a1 1 1 5
Required ratio == = = ∆ω ωf − ω0 100
a2 K 2
2 7 α= = =− rad/s2
1+ 2 1+ t t 45
R 5
15. Angular momentum remains constant because of 100

so Torque = Iα = 3 × = 6.66 kg-m2/s2
the torque of tension is zero. 45
⇒ Li = Lf
R
⇒ mv0R = mv
2
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19. ω0 g sin θ
23. acceleration =
K2
1+ 2
x P R
m1 m2
(L-x)
K2 1
for disc ; = = 0.5
R2 2
Since for a SOP minimum I is about COM. So
the position of point P on rod through which the K2 2
for sphere ; = = 0.4
R2 5
axis should pass so that the work required to set
⇒ a(sphere) > a(disc)
the rod rotating with minimum angular velocity
∴ sphere reaches first
ω0 is their centre of mass so, m1x = m2 (L–x)
L2A L2
m2 L 24. KA = KB ⇒ = B
⇒ x= 2I A 2I B
m1 + m2
As IB > IA So, L2A < L2B ⇒ LA < LB
20. For conservation of angular momentum about
1 1 MR 2
origin 25. Esphere = I c (2ω)2 = × × 4ω2
2 2 2
  
τ =0 ⇒ r × F =
0 ⇒ α = –1 E sphere 1
Ecylinder = =
21. M E cylinder 5
26. r1 r2
m1 (CM) m2
R 
R m2  m1
r1 = , r2 =
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
m1 m2 2
MR 2 I cm m1 r12 + m2 r22 =
= 
ITotal disc = m1 + m2
2
OR
M
MRemoved = ( Mass ∝ area) mm
4 I cm =µ2 = 1 2 2
m1 + m2
IRemoved (about same Perpendicular axis)
2
27. τ = Iα
M (R / 2)2 MR 3MR 2
= + = RF = mR2α
4 2 4  2  32
30N
IRemaing disc = ITotal – IRemoved
MR 2 3 13
MR 2
2
= – MR =
2 32 32
22. Particle at periphery will have both radial and F 30
=
α = = 25 rad/s2
tangential acceleration mR 40
3×
at = Rα = 0.5 × 2 = 1 m/s
2 100
ω = ω0 + αt = 0 + 2 × 2 = 4 rad/sec ω1 + ω2
28. COAM : Iω1 + Iω2 = 2Iω ⇒ ω=
2
ac = ω2R = (4)2 × 0.5 = 16 × 0.5 = 8 m/s2
1 2 1 2
(K.E.)i = Iω1 + Iω2
atotal = a2p + a2c = 12 + 82 ≈ 8 m/s2 2 2
2
*In this question we have assumed the 1  ω + ω2 
(K.E.) f = × 2Iω2 = I  1 
point to be located at periphery of the 2  2 
disc. I
Loss in K.E. = (K.E.)i – (K.E)f = (ω1 − ω2 )2
4
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29. Centre of mass may lie on centre of gravity net 36. v=0
torque of gravitational pull is zero about centre of
mass.
Load  h
Mechanical advantage = >1
Effort v = 4 m/s
⇒ Load > Effort θ =30°
1
30. W = loss in KE = Iω2 ∝ I
2
1  K2 
2 ⇒ mv 2  1 + 2 =mgh
= IA =MR 2 0.4MR 2 2  R 
5
1  1
= IB =MR 2 0.5MR 2 ⇒ 8 1 +  = 10 h
2  2
IC = MR2 ⇒ h = 1.2 m
∴ WC > WB > WA h
 = sin 30° ⇒  = 2.4 m
31. Here F = 4iˆ + 5ˆj − 6kˆ and 
 

r = (2 − 2)iˆ + (0 − ( −2))ˆj + ( −3 − ( −2))kˆ 37. F = 3jˆ N , r = 2kˆ
  
= 2jˆ − 1kˆ τ = r × F = 2kˆ × 3jˆ = 6 (kˆ × ˆj) = 6 ( −î)
î ˆj kˆ = −6iˆ Nm
  120 cm
r × F =0 2 −1 =−7iˆ − 4ˆj − 8kˆ 38.
20cm 60 cm
4 5 −6
1
32. Kt = mv 2
2
2g 0.5g mg
1  K2  1  2
Kt + Kr = mv 2  1 + 2= mv 2  1 +  By balancing torque
2  R  2  5
Kt 1 / 2 mv 2 5 2g × 20 = 0.5 g × 60 + mg × 120
∴
= =
Kt + Kr 2 2 7 0.5 1
1 / 2 mv  1 +  =m = kg kg
 5 6 12

dL 
33. τext = 0 ⇒ = 0 ⇒ L = constant 3
dt 39. Mremain = M
34. Wall = ∆KE
4
I = Mremain R2 R
1  K2 
⇒W = 0 − mv 2cm  1 + 2  3
2  R  = MR 2
4
⇒ W = –3J
35. θ = 2π × 2π radian 40. Angular momentum is conserved L = const.
2π rad L = Iω
ω0 = 3 rpm ⇒ (3)
60 sec if I↓ ⇒ w↑
ω = ω20 − 2αθ
2
L2
K.E. = if I↓ ⇒ K.E.↑
2
2I
 3 × 2π  2
=0   − 2α(4π )
 60  ML2
41. (M.I.)sys. = sin245° × 4
3
1
∴ α= rad/s
2
800 ML2 1
= × ×4
2
3 2
mR 2 2  4  1
τ= α= ×  × = 2 × 10−6 Nm 2
2 2  100  800 = ML2
3
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42. ω = ω0 + αt 45. I = 0.1 Kg m2
ω − ω0 –2
r = 10 × 10 m
α=
t
(3120 − 1200)
F = 10 N
= rpm
16 s t = 2 sec
1920 2π
= × rad / s2  τ = Iα = rF
16 60
rF 10 –1 × 10
= 4π rad/s2 ∴α
= = = 10 rads
–2
I 10 –1
 ω = ω0 + αt
∴ ω = 0 + αt
43. ⇒ ω = 10 × 2 = 20 rads–1
2π
46. ωi = 60 rpm = 60 × =π
2 rad / s
60
2π
ωf = 360 rpm = 360 × = 12π rad / s
60
I
k= 1
m ∆K.E.
=
2
(
I ω2f − ω=
2
i 484)
k1 I1 2
mR / 2
⇒ = = = 2 :1 1
k2 I2 mR 2 / 4 I(144π2 − 4π2 ) =484
2
44.  I ∝ mR2 I ≈ 0.7 kg – m2
m1 1
=
m2 1
R1 1
=
R2 2
2
I1 m1  R1 
∴= × 
I2 m2  R 2 
2
1 1
= 1×  =
2 4
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1. The ladder touches the wall at A and the normal 4. Let I0 be the moment of inertia of a square plate
reaction is denoted by R. The whole system is in about an axis passing through the centre O and
equilibrium.
Take moments of forces about B. perpendicular to the plane of plate.
R A According to theorem of perpendicular axes
I0 = I1 + I2 and I0 = I3 + I4
Wal
6m 5. Let d be perpendicular distance of O from every
G
S side of the equilateral triangle. The torques F1d
500 N and F2d respectively are in anticlockwise. The
B F 4m
Ground torque F3d is clockwise.
4 A
R × 6 = 500 ×
3
500 × 4 1000 Od
or R = = or R = 111 N.
6×3 9 d
2. Here, M = 20 kg d
F2
1 R
R = 20 cm = m F1 F3
5 The total torque about O
Moment of inertia of
F=25N F1d + F2d – F3d = 0
flywheel about its axis is
or F3 = F1 + F2 = 4 + 2 = 6 N.
1
I = MR 2   v 2 sin2 45° 
2 6. L = mvr⊥ = m(vcos45°) =  
2  2g 
1 1
= I = × 20 ×  
2 5 mv 3
=
= 0.4 kg m2 4 2g
As τ = Iα 7. Applying conservation of energy.
where α is the angular acceleration 1  K2 
mv 2  1 + 2  =
mgh
1 2 R 
25 × 
τ FR 5 = 12.5 rad / s2
α= = =
I I 0.4 1  1  K2 1 
⇒ mv 2  1 +  =
mgh  for disc 2 = 
3. (i) Given, the centre of mass is closer is closer to B 2  2  R 2
than A 3v 2
∴ rA > rB ⇒ h=
4g
  
Torque τ = r × F A B
rA rB
For rotational equilibrium
τA = τB
Mg
TArA = TBrB
TA rB
(ii) TArA = TBrB ⇒ =
TB rA
∴ rA > rB ⇒ TB > TA
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 GM
3. g=
1. All forces having equal magnitude and act at the R2
centre of square with equal angle to each other Rearth = 2 Rmars
so net force on mass m1 kept at the centre is
zero. Mearth = 10 Mmars
m 4 4
2. gmars = gearth and Wmars= Wearth = 80N.
10 10
F
a 4. =

g ' g 1 −
2h 
;
∆g 2h
=
R  g R

F 60° h h 1
m m 1=2 ⇒ = ;
a R R 2
Gm2  d  ∆g ' d h
Fnet = 3 F= 3 g' =
g 1 −  = = , g decreases by
a2  R  g R R
G (1)(1) 6.67 × 10−11 0.5%

3. F=
1 F=
2 = = 1.67 × 10−9
( 0.2 )2
0.04 ∆g 2h 1 2h
5. =– ⇒ = ⇒ h = 32 km
g Re 100 6400
y
∆g 2h ∆g 2 × 16
2 M 6. = − ⇒ × 100 = × 100
g Re g 6400
= 0.5%
F2 g
7. g'=
M  h 
2
x 1 + R 
1 M F1 3  e 

Fnet =F1 (î ) + F2 (ˆj ) =F (î + ˆj ) Re
∴h=
2
=1.67 × 10−9 (î + ˆj ) N
4g
⇒ g' = = 4.44 m/s
2
GMr g
1. Field intensity F = (Inside the sphere) 8. gheight = g/4 = 2
R3  h 
1 + R 
(F1 ∝ r1, F2 ∝ r2)  e 
F1 r1 ⇒ h = Re = 6400 km
= of r1 < R & r2 < R
F2 r2  2h   d
9. g 1 −  = g 1 − 
1  R   R
Field intensity F ∝ (Out side the sphere)
r2 2h = d
F1 r22 h = d/2 = 50 km
∴ = if r1 > R and r2 > R
F2 r12  d 
10. gdepth = gsurface  1 − 
 R e 
2h 2h 2h
2. t= = 1 sec; t ' = = 6
g g' g 7  d  3
⇒ g = g 1 −  ⇒ d = 10 × 6400 km
10  R e 
= 6 sec
= 1920 km
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g  d  3 6. Equilibrium position of the neutral point from
11. =g 1 − R  ⇒ d = 4 R
4 mass 'm' is :-
 e 
 m 
=  d
12. g  m + M 
 
−Gm1 −Gm2
V1 = ; V2 =
r1 r2
−Gm
O r =V1 ( M + m) ;
R md
−GM
V2 = ( M + m)
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3 Md
−G
GM e m =V1 m( M + m ) ;
1. PEi = − −mgR ;
= d
R
−G
=V2 M( M + m )
d
GM e m mgR
PEf = − =
− −G 2
2R 2 =V ( M + m)
d
mgR 7. To escape from the earth total energy of the
Increase in PE is body should be zero KE+ PE = 0
2
1 GMm
⇒ mv 2 − =0
K 2 5R e
2. ∫ dV = −∫ I.dr , ∫ dV = ∫ r dr
mgR e
KEmin =
5
V = K log r + c at r = r0; V = V0
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4
⇒ V0 = K log r0 + c ⇒ c = V0 – K log r0
1. T∝r
3/2
3/2
By substituting the value c in equation Te  re 
= 
Tm  rm 
r  2
3/ 2
V = K log   + V0 ⇒ Tm =   year
 r0  5
2. T ∝ r3/2
−GM1 GM2 −2G 3/2
3. V= − =(M1 + M2)  T1   r1 
r/2 r/2 r  =  ∴ r2 = 2r1
 T2   r2 
V = –2200 × 6.67 × 10–11 J/kg T2 = 2 2 year
1 C
3. F∝ ; F= m
GM GM rm r
4. Ig = – 2 , V = − ,
R R This force will provide the required centripetal
force
V = IgR = 6× 8 × 106 = 4.8 × 107 Therefore
C C
0 ∞ mω2 r = ; ω2 = m +1
K rm mr
5. ∫ dV = − ∫ I g .dx ; ∫v dV = −∫x x3 dx
2π ( )
T= ⇒ T ∝ r m +1 /2
ω
∞
 1  K K 4. By applying conservation of angular momentum
0 – V = K + 2  ⇒ V = + 2 ⇒ V = 2
 2x  x 2x 2x mω1r12 = mω2r22
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2πr 2πr GMm
5. For moon time period=
T = 10.  Total mechanical energy E = –
v GM 2r
r
E1 m r 3 4r 12
4π2 r 3 ∴ = 1 × 2 = × =
⇒ mass of the earth M = 2 E2 m2 r1 1 r 1
T G
11. Since total energy of the satellite in orbit of
( )
3
4 × ( 3.14 ) × 4 × 108
2
⇒M= GMm
radius r is E = – . Therefore energy of
(28 × 24 × 60 × 60 ) 2(R + h)
2 −11
× 6.67 × 10
= 6.47 × 1024 kg. amount equal to E has to be expanded to take

the satellite out of the gravitational pull of the
6.  angular momentum L = mrPvP = mrAvA
earth.
v P rA 6.67 × 10−11 × 6 × 1024 × 200
∴ = Since rA > rP,vP > vA. ∴ E=
v A rP (
2 6.4 × 106 + 400 × 103 )
The area SBAC bounded by the ellipse and the 6.67 × 6 9
radius vectors SB and SC is larger than SBPC in = × 109 = 5.89 × 10 J
6.8
Fig. From Kepler's second law, equal areas are
12. Kinetic energy increases, but potential energy
swept in equal times. Hence the planet will take
decreases, and the sum decreases due to
a longer time to traverse BAC than CPB.
dissipation against friction.
7. All quantities vary over an orbit except angular
13. (a) v0 = ω × 7R
momentum and total energy.
8. T∝r
3/2 2π
v0 = × 7 × 6400 × 103
3/2 3/2
24 × 60 × 60
Ts  rs  1
= =     3.1 km/s
Tm  rm  2
⇒ Ts = 9.7 days GMm

K.E 2R = − 1
9. Let the radius of the planet be R then time (b) =
P.E GMm 2
−
2πR 2πR 2π R 3/2 R
period T = = =
v GM GM GMm
R 14. W= = 10
R2
4 3 GMm GMm 10
 mass of planet M = πR ρ =
Wtrue = =
3 (7R)2 49R 2 49
2πR 3 2 3π  0.2 N ⇒ Wapp = 0
∴ T= =
4 Gρ
G. πR 3 .ρ
3
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1. Control the rotational motion of satellites and 7. The tidal waves in seas are primarily due to
planets. Explained in Kepler's law. gravitational force of the moon.
1 1  8. More work is done against the gravitational pull
2. Fg = GMm  2 + 2 + ...∞ 
r  of the earth.
 1 r2 
9. Earth
1 1 1  Moon
Fg = G(1)(3)  2 + 2 + 2 + ...∞  P
1 2 4 
 
x (D–x)
 1 1 
= 3 G 1 + + + ...∞  At point 'p' for gravitational field to be zero field
 4 16 
due to earth = field due to moon
 
 1  GMe GMm 81Mm Mm
⇒ = ⇒ =
Fg = 3G   = 4G x 2
(D − x) 2
x 2
(D − x)2
 1 − 1 
 4 x 9D
⇒ = 9 ⇒ 9(D – x) = x ⇒ x =
3. Gravitational force is medium independent D−x 10
4. It is a universal constant. M 10. By first law of motion i.e. law of inertia, satellite
5. Net force on any particle : 60° will fly off tangentially from the orbit with speed
L L V.
= F 2 + F 2 + 2F 2 cos 60°
O −GMr
r 11. Ig = ; r<R
30° R3
= 3F 2 = F 3 M L M
−GM
= ; r≥R
 GM2  r2
 F = 2 is force of any one particle on another 
 L  12. Weight is due to gravitational pull of earth which
2
Mv 1
F 3= (by centripetal force) varies with distance as . Weight becomes zero
r r2
L L when gravitational pull of both planets become
= cos 30° ⇒ r =
Where
2r 3 equal & opposite. After that its weight again
2 2 2
GM Mv GM v increase to 240 N due to mars.
3 = ⇒ 3 = 3
L2 r L2 L 13. The gravitational field at P is due to the mass
GM enclosed. (m')
⇒ v=  v = ωr
L m
p
v 3GM M
∴ ω= = r m'
r L3
6. m 2m
F1 F2 Gm ' m
m the force acting = ,
a/ r2
a/ 2
m 90° m = mass of the particle released.
F4 F3
2 2m 4 m  4 
F = Gρ πr 3 ⋅ 2 m=' πρr 3 
4m 2m 3m 3 r  3 
Fnet = 2 F 4 
F =  πGρm  r
 3 
G × 2m × m 4 2Gm2
= =
2
(a / 2)2 a2
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GM 23. There is no atmosphere on the moon, means no
14. g= 2e
Re buoyant force in upward direction so it will fall
G(0.1)M e 0.4GM e down with acceleration g/6.
=
gmass = = 0.4 g
(0.5)2 R 2e R 2e GM
24. g=
15. By symmetrically all forces will cancel each other R2
and resultant will be zero.
4 3 G × 4πR 3 × ρ
GME ∴ M=ρ× πR ⇒ g =
16. g= 3 3 × R2
R 2E
3g
where ME and RE is the mass and radius of the ⇒ ρ=
4πGR
earth respectively.
25. g' = g – ω2 Re cos2 λ
g
ME = R 2E
G at poles λ = 90°, cos 90° = 0
 d  at equator λ = 0°, cos 0° = 1
17. gd = g s  1 –  d = Re; gd = 0
 Re 
∴ gpoles > gequator
18. The value of 'g' on earth surface depends on both
Given mpgp = meq geq
structure and rotational motion.
GM 26. gequator = g – ω2Re
g= 2e
Re gpole > gequator
g′ = g – Reω2cos2λ GM
27. As g=
g R2
19. As g' = 2
 h
1 + R  ∆g
%=
−2∆R
%
 
g R
2
g g  h
= ⇒ 1 + R  =
2 ∆g
2  h
2
  % =−2( −1)% =+2%
1 + R  g
 
28. g decreased by 1% for h height
⇒
h
=
R
2 −1 ⇒ =h R ( 2 −1 ) h
−2

gh = g 1 + 
20. Use mg1h1 = mg2h2  R 
⇒ (1.96)(h1) = (9.8)(2)
∆gh −2h
h1 = 10 m =
g R
21. g′ = g – Reω2cos2λ ⇒ g' < g
for depth.
except for λ = 90° i.e. for poles.
 d
M gd = g 1 − 
22. g∝  R
R2
2 2 ∆g d − d
g '  M '  R  1 1 = (here d = h)
=  =
  =
(2)   g R
g  M  R '  2 2
1 ∆gh 2∆g d ∆g d 1  ( ∆g)h 
As T∝ = , ×100
=  × 100 
g g g g 2 g 
T' g 1
Hence = = 2 ∆g d = ∆gh
T g' 2
then T ' = 2T
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 2h   32 × 2  35. At equator g' = g – ω2Re
29. =
g eff g 1 − =  g  1 − 6400  = g(1 – 0.01)
 R    For the case of weightlessness g' = 0
geff = 0.99g m/s2 ω2Re = g
30. Action and reaction force are equal in g 10 1
ω= = 6
= × 10−2
magnitude. Re 6.4 × 10 8
4 = 0.125 × 10–2 rad/sec

31. As g= πρRG
3
= 1.25 × 10–3 rad/sec
g∝R (As ρ = constant) 36. Acceleration due to gravity is independent of the
g'  R'  GM e
= mass of object a = [Me = mass of earth]
g  R  r2
g' 37. Gravitational potential

= 3 ⇒ g ' = 3g
g −GM
V= for r > R
 2h  r
32. =
gh g 1 − 
 Re  V=
−GM
for r < R
R
 d 
=
g d g 1 −  Potential remains constant inside the hollow
 Re 
sphere.
put gh = gd
dV 2
2h d 38. Gravitational field intensity Eg = − = = 0.1
= ⇒ d = 2h dr 20
Re Re
Hence gravitational force = mEg = 5(0.1) = 0.5N
33. The acceleration due to gravity at equator is
Work = Force × displacement = (0.5)(4) = 2J
given by
GM e m GM m m G(81M m )m GM m m
g' = g – Rω
2
39. = − − =
− −
R r R r
When rotational speed of earth i.e. ω increased,
 81 1 
the acceleration due to gravity at equator (g') will = −GmMm  + 
 R r
decrease, it means weight of body will decrease.
34. At surface of earth, GMm
40. Ep = − , when r → ∞, Ep = 0 (max.)
r
GM
g= ....(i)
R2 41. To escape from earth total energy would be zero.
At a height, h = R/2, the value of acceleration If body is unable to escape then total energy
due to gravity is (PE + KE) is negative, i.e. less than zero.
GM GM GM GM 42. Apply energy conservation

=g' = = = ,
(h + R )2
R 
2
 3R 
2
 3R 
2
 + R     Energy at surface = Energy at height

2   2   2 
GMm 1 −GMm
4 GM 4 − + mv 2 =
g' = = g R 2 2R
9 R2 9
∴ weight at a height h = R/2 is 1 2 GM GM
⇒ v = ⇒ v=
2 2R R
4 4
W' = mg' = mg = W .
9 9
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GMm −GMm
43. GPE of body is U = 49. PE =
r R
GMm
Force at that point is F =
r2 −GM × 3
−54 =
R
U U
=r ⇒ F=
F r
GM
Hence = 18
44. Apply energy conservation R
−GMm 1 2GM
+ mv 2 =
0 ⇒ v2 =
R 2 R 2GM
=
but v esc = 36 = 6 m/sec
R
2GM
v= ⇒ v = 2gR
R
2GM
GMm  GMm  50. v esc =
45. ∆U = Uf – Ui = − − − R
R + h  R 
1 1  GmMh 2GM GM
= GmM  − = 100= ⇒ = 5000
 R R + h  R(R + h) R R
46. M O M
A r/2 r/2 B −GMm
Gravtiational Potential energy =
R
Gravitational potential of A at O
GM 2GM −5000 × 1 = –5000J
=
=– = −
r/2 r
GM 2GM 51. Vescape = 2gR
due to B, potential at O = − =
−
r/2 r
4GM V1 g1R1
∴ Total potential = – = = pq
r V2 g2 R2
47. The potential energy of a satellite is equal to

twice its total energy. 2GMe
52. Escape velocity v = is independent of
R
∴ Potential energy = 2E0
mv 2 A angle at projection
48. = 2
R R
M
1 1A 53. As v esc ∝
KE = mv 2 KE = R
2 2R
dU v2 M2 R1
F= − Hence =
dr v1 M1 R2
A dU
− 2
=
−
r dr v2 1 1
= 100 = 10 × = 5
R
A −A v1 4 2
∫0 r2=
dr ∫=
dU
R
v2 = 11.2 × 5 = 56 km/sec
A A A
TE = PE + KE = − + =−
R 2R 2R
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54. Let a body is projected from the surface of the 61. As T2 ∝ r3
earth with the velocity υ and reaches maximum 3 3
T2  r2  2  9R  2
height h. = =   R=  27
T1  r1   
According to law of conservation of mechanical
energy, we get R
T2 = 27 × 2π
1 GMm GMm g
mυ2 − = 0−
2 R (R + h)
62. Using conservation of angular momentum
1 GM GM
or υ2 − =−
2 R (R + h) ⇒ mvmax rmin = m vmin rmax
As per question, ⇒ vmax rmin = vmin rmax
υe 1 2GM  2GM 
υ= =  υe =  63. For system to be bounded
2 2 R  R 
Net energy i.e. (KE + PE) must be negative
1  1 GM  GM GM
 − =
−
22 R  R (R + h) TE = KE + PE = -ve at points A,B & C.
GM GM GM GMm  1 1  GMm
− =
− 64. W = E2 – E1 = − =
4R R R+h 2  2R 3R  12R
3 1
− =
−
4R (R + h) 2πr 2πr 2πr 3/2
65. =
T = =
3 (R + h) = 4R or 3R + 3h = 4R v GM GM
r
R
3h = R or h =
3 4π2 r 3
Hence T2 =
GMe Mm GM
55. Binding energy of moon and earth is
2rem
 4π2  3
T2 =  r
56. v∝
1  GM 
 
R+ h
v rB + R 4π2
Hence A = Hence slope of T2 Vs r3 curve is =
vB rA + R GM
v1 R2 1.5 × 108 5 4π2 3

57. = = = 66. T2 = a
v2 R1 6 × 10 7 2 GM
3
58. For a body in geo-stationary orbit gravitational 4π2  rp + rA  π2
( rp + rA )
3
T =
2
  =
force is equal to the centripetal force so it will GM  2  2GM
remain stationary with respect to the earth like mvr = constant ⇒ vr = constant
GSS.
∴ vArA = vprp
59. According to kepler law angular momentum is
∴ rA > rp
conserved for planetary motion or satellite
motion. ∴ vA < vp
60. According to kepler law angular momentum is 67. Near equator 'g' is minimum due to rotation and
conserved for planetary motion or satellite shape of earth which help to minimize fuel
motion. consumption.
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68. For escape from earths gravitational field T.E. 74. Because its period is equal to the period of
must be zero. rotation of the earth about its axis so it will
KE + PE = 0 remain in the same place with respect to the
GM earth.
v0 =
R 75. By conservation of mechanical energy
2GM GMm 1 GMm
ve = − +
= 0 mv 2 −
R 2R 2 R
additional velocity = ve – v0
GM
= 11.2 – 8  3.2 km/s v= = 7.919 km/s
R
1 76. COME in conservative field is valid & total

69. TE = – KE = – mv 2
2
energy of bounded system is negative.
(R + h)
3
r3 77. Fcp = Fg
70. T= 2 π ⇒ T= 2 π
GM GM
mv 2 K K/m
1/3 = ⇒ v2 = So proportional to R0
 GMT2  R R R0
=⇒ h  2 
−R
 4π 
GM gR2
78.
= v =
71. R+h R+h
CM g
M m v= R
R r R+h
GM
79. By V =
r
GMm
= mω2r 1
(R + r)2 V∝
r
2
GMm mv GM
72. = ⇒ v2 = ⇒ V1 r1 = V2r2
r2 r r
so, if r1 > r2, then v1 < v2
1 GMm
Now T.E. = mv 2 −
2 r 80. T2 ∝ R 3
1 mGM GMm GMm 2 3
= − ⇒ –  T1   R1   R 
3
2 r r 2r =  =   4R 
 T2   R2   
So total energy of system
GMm GMm GMm T1 1
= − − = − =
2r 2r r T2 64
73. T2 ∝ a3
T2 = 8T1
r +r r +r
a = max min = 1 2
2 2 T1 = 1 day for communication satellite
3/2
r +r 
T=  1 2 T2 = 8 days
 2 
T ∝ (r1 + r2)3/2 GM
81. v0 = where M = mass of earth
R
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GMm GMm 87. As T2 ∝ r3
82. TE1 = – = −
2(R + R) 4R 2 3
 T2   r2 
GMm GMm   = 
TE2 = – = −  T1   r1 
2(R + 7R) 16R
3
T2  4R  2
TE1 4 = = 8
= 1.4  R 
TE2 1
−GMm T2 = 1.4 × 8 = 8 2 hr.
PE1 2R 4
= = 4π2 3
PE 2 GMm 1 88. T2 = r
− GM
8R
2/3
GMm  T1  r1
+   = [∴ T1 = T2]
KE1 4R = 4  T2  r2
=
KE2 GMm 1
+ r1
16R ⇒ =1
r2
83. For satellite net pulling force of gravity must be
89. Apply energy conservation
equal to centripetal force
−GMe m 1 1
+ m(2v e )2 = mv '2 + 0
GMm mv 2 Re 2 2
2
=
r r 2
−GMe m 1  2GMe  1
⇒ + m2  = mv '2
GM Re 2  R e  2
υ=
r 3GMe m 1
⇒ = mv '2
Re 2
if r → R
6GMe 2GMe
GM v '2= = 3×
v= ≈ 8 km/s Re Re
R
2GMe
= 8 × 103 m/s =v' =
3 3v e
Re
84. Its period is equal to the period of rotation of the 90. for a satellite
earth about its axis for this it should move in GMm
K.E. =
equatorial plane. 2r
−GMm
85. Apply angular momentum conservation law PE =
r
mv1r1 = mv2r2 GM
91. Orbital velocity of satellite, ν = = ν0
⇒ 60 × 1.6 × 1012 = v2 × 8 × 1012 R
GM 2GM 2
v2 = 12 m/sec ∴ ν' = = = ν0 .
R 3R 3
R+
86. For satellite, 2
92. According to Kepler's law, T2 ∝ r3
Centripetal force = gravitational force
3/2
T r 
mν 2
Gmm E or, 1 =  1 
= T2  r2 
r r2
3/2 3/2
r   2r 
Gm E or, T2 = T1  2  = T1  1  = T12 2
or ν2 =  r1   r1 
r
= 2 2 years ( T1 = 1 year).
Hence ν depends mE and r.
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93. The satellite revolving around a planet has two 95. According to Kepler's third law
types of energies. T2 ∝ r3 or T ∝ r
3/2
(i) Gravitational potential energy U due to 3/2

TE  rE 
GMm = 
position of the satellite is given by U = − . TM  rM 
R
where TE = time of revolution of the earth
(ii) Kinetic energy K due to orbital velocity of
around the sun = 1 year
satellite is given by
rE = mean distance of earth from the sun
1 1  GM  1 GMm
K == mν20 =
m  
2 2  R  2 R TM = time of revolution of the mars around the
sun
∴ Total energy = U + K
rM = mean distance of mars from the sun.
GMm GMm GMm
=− + =
– 3/2 3/2
R 2R 2R  rM  1.5rE 
=TM T=
E   (1)   = 1.84 years
r
 E   rE 
GMm
94. Kinetic energy of a satellite K =
2r
where G = Universal gravitational constant
M = Mass of a earth
m = Mass of a satellite
GMm
Potential energy of a satellite U = –
r
GMm
Total energy of a satellite E = –
2r
In a graph 1 represents kinetic energy, 2 total

energy and 3 represent potential energy.
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GMm 11. Hollow sphere
1. K.E. = ⇒ Kinetic energies are unequal
2r 1
Iout ∝ —
r
2
I=0
2πr 3/2 in
T= ⇒ Time period are equal r

GM
GMm
P.E. = – ⇒ Potential energies are unequal 2GM
r 12. Escape velocity ve =
R
GM
v= ⇒ Orbital speeds are equal GM
r Orbital velocity (near earth's surface) v0 =
R
2. According to Kepler's law
So ve = 2 v0
A SCD A SAB 2A SAB A SAB
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ t1 = 2t2 2GM
t1 t2 t1 t2 13. Escape velocity = = c = speed of light
R
GM 2GM 2 × 6.6 × 10−11 × 5.98 × 1024
3. Speed of satellite V = R= =
r c 2
(3 × 108 )2
VB rA 4R = 10–2 m
⇒= = = 2 ⇒ VB = (3V)(2) = 6V
VA rB R 14. Gravitational field or intensity of gravitational
M
field. w.r.t. distance
GM GM 3GM −GM
4. VP = − − = − I= for r > R
a/2 P a/2 a a r2
M
−GMr
a I= ;r≤R
R3
5. Inside the earth g ∝ r and outside the earth 2πr 2πr  GM 
15. T= = r  as ν = 
1 v GM  r 
g∝ 2
r 2π 4π2
T= r3/2 ⇒ T2 = · r3
6. Additional kinetic energy = TE2 – TE1 GM GM
GMm  GMm  1  1 1  4π2
= − − =
−  GmM  −  Comparing K =
2R 2  2R1  2  R1 R 2  GM
16. For satellite S moving elliptical orbit around the
7. From conservation of angular momentum
earth net force will be towards centre of the
v1 r2 earth.
mv1r1 = mv2r2 ⇒ =
v 2 r1 (like centripetal force in circular motion)
17. For the satellite revolving around earth
GM GMp 4GMp
8. =g = 2
= 2 GMe GMe g Re
R  Dp  D2p =
v 0= =
(R e + h)  h  h
  Re 1 +  1+
 2   R e 
Re
9. Time period T ∝ r 3/2 substituting the values
3
3/2 =
v0 60 × 106 m/s
T2  r2   3R  2
=  ⇒ T2 = (24)   = 6 2hrs v0 = 7.76 × 103 m/s = 7.76 km/s
T1  r1   6R 
–GM
W 18. V= = –5.4 × 107 ..... (1)
10. W' = R+h
16 GM
mg 1 1 and g = = 6 ..... (2)
mg ' = ⇒ = (R + h)2
2 16  2
 h h dividing (1) and (2)
1 + R   1 +
R  5.4 × 107
   ⇒ =6
h h (R + h)
⇒ 1+ 4 ⇒
= = 3 ⇒ h = 3R ⇒ R + h = 9000 km so h = 2600 km
R R
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19. Escape Velocity  d
26. g' = g  1 − 
 R 
2GM 2G  4 3 
= = . πR ρ  ∝ R ρ
R R  3  
g' = g  1 −
R /2
 R 
ve
∴ Ratio, =1: 2 2 1
vp mg' = mg  
2
 GM  1
20. g =  3e r for 0 < r ≤ Re ⇒ g ∝r W' = 200   = 100 N
 Re  2
GM e 1 mgh
g= for r ≥ Re ⇒ g ∝ 27. W=
r2 r2 1 + h/R
GM e m mgR
21. Total energy = − at h = R, W =
2(R + h) 2
28. Kepler's Third Law :-
GM e g R2 T ∝ r3/2
 g0= ⇒ M e= 0
R2 G 3/2 3/2
T2  r2   R + 2.5R  1
2 = =    =
mg0 R T1  r1   R + 6R  2 2
∴ Energy = −
2(R + h)
24
22. g h = gd ⇒ T2 = = 6 2 hours
2 2
 2h   d 1 1
g 1 −  = g 1 − R  29. ∆U = –GMm  − 
 R     rf ri 
2h d  1 1
So = = –GMm  −
R R  R + h R 
2 ×1 = d GMmh
=
d = 2 km R (R + h)
30. Ws = mgs = 72 N
m
24. m's = s & G' = 10 G mgs 72N 72
10 Wh = mgh = 2
= 2
=
 h  R /2 9/4
G ' M E 10GME 1 + R  1 + R 
=gE = = 10g    
R2 R2 Wh = 32 N
∴ Raindrops will fall faster, Walking on the  d
31. At depth : g= g 1 −
R 
eff
ground would become more difficult, Time 
period of a simple pendulum on the earth g  d
⇒= g  1 − ⇒ d = (n – 1) R/n
would decrease. n  R 
25. vB
vC 2GM 2G 4 3
rB 32. v=
e = × πR ρ
rA
S rC R R 3
vA 8πGρ 2
or Ve = R
3
As L = mvr = contant
v e 4R
⇒ ve ∝ R ⇒ = ⇒ v e =4υ
and rC > rB > rA υ R
R R Rk 2
so vA > vB > vC ⇒ KA > KB > KC 33.
= h = =
2gR Ve2 1 − k2
−1 − 1
V2 k 2 Ve2
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34. K
38. V= −
F 3 x
35. Ig = = = 50 N/kg
36.
m 60 × 10−3
Acceleration due to gravity acting on a body is Ex =
−
dV
=
K
d x –1 ( )
dx dx
independent of the mass of the body.
−K −K K
= = = −
 GM  x 2
22 4
 g = 2 
 R 
37. According to question

T ∝R
2 3
T2 R3
∴ ∝ ⇒ x2 = 64T2 ⇒ x = 8T
x2 64R 3

1. M1 d M2 vp 1+ e
R1 R2 4. =
va 1−e
C1 P(M C2
vp= velocity at perihelion

Apply energy conservation
−GM1M GM2 M 1 va = velocity at aphelion
− + MVe2 =
0
d d 2
2 2 e = eccentricity
4G
=v 2e ( M1 + M2 ) v p + v a (1 + e) + (1 − e) 1 vp − va
d = = ⇒e=
v p − v a (1 + e) − (1 − e) e vp + va
4G
=ve ( M1 + M2 )
d
5. The gravitational force on projectile of mass m at
2. Fcp = Fg a distance r from a planet of mass 4M is zero
GM e m GMe R gR 2 2
mω2=
R 2
⇒R
= 3
2
= 2 r 6R–r
R ω R ω2
3. According the kepler’s laws. R
m A R
2 3
T = (constant)r 4M
9M
6R
3/2
T   r2 
∴  2 =  G(4M)m G(9M)m
 T1   r1  ∴ =
3/2
r2 ( 6R − r )2
 24   7 R 
∴  = 
 T1   3.5 R  or 4(6R–r)2 = 9r2 or 2(6R – r) = 3r or r = 2.4 R.
 24  3/2 6. S2 is correct because whatever be the g, the same

or = =
 (2) 2 2
 T1  force is acting on both the pans. Using a spring
24 12 balance, the value of g is greater at the pole.
or T1 = = = 6 2 hours.
2 2 2 Therefore mg at the pole is greater. S4 is correct.
S2 and S4 are correct.
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7. According to the question, the gravitational force 9. When particle falls from infinity
between the planet and the star is PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf
1 K −GMm 1
F∝ ∴F= 0+0= + mv12
R 5/2 R 5/2 R 2
where M and m be masses of star and planet
2GM
respectively. v1 =
R
For motion of a planet in a circular orbit,
when particle falls from a height
2 K  2π  PE1 + KEi = PEf + kEf
mRω = 5/2  ω = 
R  T 
GMm GMm 1
2 − +0=– + mv 22
 2π  K 4π2 K / m 11R R 2
mR   = 5/2 ⇒ = 7/2
 Τ  R T2 R 10 2GM
× =
v2
4π2 7/2 11 R
2
T = R ⇒ T2 ∝ R7/2 or T ∝ R7/4
K/m
v1 11
8. Since the angular momentum of the satellite =
v2 10
about the earth is conserved.
 
∴ La = LP
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 1 1
5. (Bulk modulus) K = =
1.
Tangential stress compressibility 4 × 10−5
4
F 100 cos 30° = 2.5 × 10
== = 5 3N / m2
A 5×2 ∆P
K=
F 100 sin 30° ( −∆V / V)
= = 5 N/m
2
Longitudinal stress = ⊥
A 5×2 100 × 100
⇒ (–∆V) = 4
=0.4 cm3
rθ 1 × 10 × 0.8 −2
2.5 × 10
2. Shear strain = = = 0.004 rad
 2 shear stress Ft L
6. Shear modulus = =
F M(g + a) shear strain A 
3. Maximum stress = = 2
A πrmin 10 4000 × 25 × 10−2
8 × 10 =
M(g + a) 900(9.8 + 2.2) (25 × 10−2 )2 × 
=∴ rmin =
π × Max. stress 3 ⇒  = 2 × 10–7 m
π × × 108
π
= 6 × 10–3 m = 6 mm 1 1 FL
7. Increase in energy = F × ∆ = ×F ×
2 2 AY
F 5 × 105
4. Applied stress = =
A 4 × 10−4 1 0.1
= × (10 × 10)2 × −4 11
= 5 × 10–5 J
8
= 12.5 × 10 N/m
2
2 10 × 10
8 2
Compressive strength = 1.7 × 10 N/m
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3
Applied stress is greater than compressive
strength of bond so bone will break. 1. When equal volume of two metals are mixed
F mgL ρVgL ρ1 + ρ2
5. Stress = = = = ρgL ρmix = =4
A AL v 2
maximum stress 7.9 × 108 ρ1 + ρ2 = 8 ....(i)
Lmax = =
ρg 7.9 × 103 × 10 When equal masses of the same two metals are
4
= 10 m = 10 km mixed
6. In both case Y, A & F remain same so breaking 2ρ1ρ2
ρmix = =3
stress will be also same. ρ1 + ρ2
BEGINNER'S BOX - 2 ρ1ρ2 = 12 .....(ii)

from equation (i) & (ii)
∆ 2L − L
1. Strain=
= = 1 (8 – ρ2) ρ2 = 12
L L
stress 9 2
⇒ ρ22 – 8ρ2 + 12 = 0
Young modulus Y = = 2.0 × 10 N/m
strain ⇒ (ρ2 – 6) (ρ2 – 2) = 0
FL L if ρ2 = 6 kg/m3 then ρ1 = 2 kg/m
3
2. Y= ∆ ∝
πr 2 ∆ r2 or ρ2 = 2kg/m3 then ρ1 = 6kg/m3
2 2
∆ 1  L1  r2  3 3 27 2. ρgh = constant ⇒ gh = constant
=   =×   =
∆ 2  L 2  r1  1 1 1 g1h1 = g2h2
⇒ g × 75 = (g – a)h
FL L
3. ∆ = ⇒ ∆ ∝ 2 10 × 75
YA r ⇒h= = 83.33 cm
9
∆P
4. (Bulk modulus) K = ; F1 F F F
( −∆V / V) 3. = 2 ⇒ 12 = 22 ( D = diameter)
A1 A 2 D1 D2
6
 ∆V  345 × 10 1
=
  = 9 1 F2
 V  138 × 10 400 ⇒ =
2
⇒ F=
2 25N
(10) (50)2
% Change in volume = 0.25%
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4. 2. v  2gh = 2 × 10 × 3.2 = 8 m/s
27.2 X Initial level A

X B
1 2 3.
Area A2
P1 = P2 Area A1
P0 + ρwg × 27.2 = P0 + ρHg × g × 2x
A 
A1v1 = A2v2 or v2 =  1  v1 ...(i)
1 × 10 × 27.2 = 13.6 × 10 × 2x  A2 
x = 1 cm
From Bernoulli's equation for horizontal flow,
wA 15
5. R.D block = = = 5 1 2 1
w A − w w 15 − 12 P1 + ρv1 = P2 + ρv 22
2 2
w A − w L 15 − 13 2
R.D of liquid= = = = 0.67
w A − w w 15 − 12 3 1 1  A2 
or P1+ ρ v12 =P2 + ρ  12  [from equation (i)]
2 2  A2 
6. For floating condition
1 2  A12 
(i) W = Th ⇒ ρsVg = ρwVing or P1 – P2 = ρv1  2 − 1
2  A2 
2
ρs × V = ρw × V [ ρw = 103 kg/m3]
3 But P1 – P2 = 600 N/m2
ρs = 0.67 × 103 kg/m3 1 2  A12 

∴ 600 = ρv1  2 − 1
2 A
 2 
(ii) ρsV = ρoil × 0.90 V
0.67 × 103 –
1
ρoil = = 0.74 × 103 kg/m3 1200  A1
2
 2
0.90 ∴ v1 =  2 − 1 ...(ii)
ρ  A2 
7. In floating condition W = Th ⇒ Mg = Vin ρwg
If Q be the volume of liquid flowing per unit time
700 × g = Vin × 1 × g ⇒ Vin = 700 cm 3
then Q = A1v1 = A2v2. Putting values of A1 and v1
outside volume V0 = V – Vin
6
3
Q= ×10 –3 m3 / s
= 1000 – 700 = 300 cm 10
8. Wapp = (ρs – ρw) Ving BEGINNER'S BOX - 5

Wapp = (5 – 1) × 5 × 5 × 5 × g newton dv 2
1. F = ηA
–3 –2
= 10 × 10 × = 2 × 10 N
Wapp = 4 × 5 × 5 × 5 g-f = 500 g-f dx 1
dv
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4 2. F = ηA
dx
1. By mass conservation A1v1 = A2v2 + A3v3
0.01 4
2= × (1)2 ×
A1 v 1 − A 2 v 2 10 
⇒ v3 =
A3
 = 2 × 10–3 m = 2mm
(0.12)(3) − (0.12)(1.5)
= = 1 m/s
0.18
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1
2 r 2 (ρ − σ)g 1
3. vT = 9. R = n 3 r = (106 ) 3 r = 100 r
9 η
2 (0.01 × 10−3 )2 × (1000 –1.2) × 10  SE − SE f 

= × % energy loss =  i  × 100
9 1.8 × 10−5  SE i 
= 0.012 m/s  SE f 
= 1 −  × 100
dV πPr 4
 SE i 
5. Q= =
dt 8 ηL
 4πR 2 T 
= 1 −  × 100
L  n4πr 2 T 
P∝
r4
 
1
= 1 − 1  100
4 4
P L r    2r  8
⇒ 1 =1 ×  2  = ×   =  
P2 L 2  r1  2  r  1  n3 
BEGINNER'S BOX - 6  1 
= 1 −  × 100 = 99%
 100 
1. Fnet = F1 – F2 = (T1 – T2) 
1
= (80 – 60) × 4 = 80 dyne 10. Increase in energy = 4πR2T ( n 3 –1)

2 2
= 4πR T (4–1) = 12πr T
F 8 2
2. T= = = N/m
2(2πR) 4π × 1 π BEGINNER'S BOX - 7
3. Fex = 2T = 2 × 70 × 20 = 2800 dyne 1. Since angle of contact does not depend upon the
angle of inclination. So, angle of contact is same
4. 2T = mg (80°).
2. If liquid rises, meniscus will be concave. So, angle
2T of contact will be acute (<90°).
⇒ 2T = (πr )ρg2
⇒ r=
πρg
3. (Pex)1 = 3(Pex)2
5. For film we have two free surface 4T  4T  r1 1
= 3  = =
r1 r
 2  r 3
∆W = 2T∆A 2
3
∆W 6 × 10−4 V1  r1   1 
⇒T
= = = 0.1N / m = =   
2∆A 60 × 10−4 V2  r2   27 
6. Surface Energy = T × ∆A = 75 × 0.04 = 3J 2T 2T

4. Pin – Pout = ⇒ Pin = Pout +
r r
7. If volume of a soap bubble increasing by 700%
2T
700 ⇒ Pin = P0 + ρgh +
⇒ V2 = V + × V = 8V r
100
2 × 25 × 10−3
= 105+(0.8×103×10× 25×10–2) +
8V  r2 
3 0.02 × 10−3
∴ V∝r ; = 
3
5 5
= 10 + 2000 +2500 = 1.045 ×10 Pa
V  r1 
4T
5. Pex = Pin – Pout =
⇒ r2 = 2r1 = 2R r
W = T∆A (Pex )1 1.01 − 1.00 1 r 2
= = ⇒ 1 =
( Pex )2 1.02 − 1.00 2 r2 1
⇒ W = T × 2 [4π(2R)2 – 4πR2]
3
V1  r1  8
⇒ W = 24πR T 2
∴= = 
V2  r2  1
8. W = 4πR2T = 4π(2)2 × 60 = 960π erg
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6. 2T cos θ
7. h=
rρg
h θ 
1
h∝
r
h1 r2 r1 60 3
= ⇒= =
h2 r1 r2 40 2
h = constant
2T cos θ
cosθ = constant 8. h=
rdg
1cos θ1 = 2 cos θ2 2T cos θ 2 × 75 × 10−3 × 1
⇒r= =
 1 cos θ2 cos 60° hdg 0.015 × 103 × 10
= = –3
 2 cos θ1 cos 30° = 1 × 10 m = 1 mm
1
=
3
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L ∆P hρg
2. Total weight at height from its lower end = WT 9. Bulk modulus = =
4 ∆V V 0.1 100
L 200 × 103 × 9.8 × 100

WT = weight suspended + weight of of wire = = 19.6 × 108 N/m2
4 0.1
W ∆P
WT = W1 + 10. (Bulk Modulus) K =
4 ∆V / V
F W 0.155 × 105
Stress = = T = = 1.55 × 105 Pa
Area S 10 / 100
 W 11. Potential energy per unit volume is
 W1 + 4 
Stress =  
1 (Stress)2 U F 2 A2 r 4
S = × ⇒ 1 = 12 × 22 = 24 = 16 : 1
2 Y U2 A1 F2 r1
F Mg ρLAg
3. Stress = = ⇒ =
ρLg 12. If wire suddenly breaks then energy released on
Area A A
bond breaking in the form of heat.
(Stress)max 
Lmax = ; Lmax = 75 m 13. Wext = F.d using COM
ρg
4. From graph F∆

=
2
F
Slope = mg∆ 0.5 × 9.8 × 3 × 10−3
∆ = =
2 2
FL
also Y = = 7.3 × 10−3 Joule
A∆
2
F A YA 1  1
Slope = =Y 14. =
F ∆ = π ×  × 10−3  × 2 × 1011 ×
∆ L L 2  1000
⇒ more slope more Y = 157 N

So YA > YB F Y∆L
15. =
A L
5. When density increase, mass of material
increase, for same strain more stress required. So FL
∆L = (as given ∆L = e)
YA
Young's modulus increases.
FL F
6. Volume = constant =e =
YA Yπr 2
1 For second wire
A ×  = constant A ∝

(2F) (2 ) F
=e' =
F   1 Yπ(2r)2 Yπr 2
∆ =  ∆ ∝  ∆ ∝ 2  as A ∝ 
AY A  
e' = e
7. In both case tension in wire are same and ∆∝T YA
16. =
F ∆
L
ρgL2 1.5 × 10 × 64 × 10−4
8. ∆L = = 0.2
= 0.9 × 10 × π × (0.3 × 10 ) ×
11 –3 2
2Y 2 × 5 × 108 = 51N
100
–11
= 9.6 × 10 m.
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17. Force constant k = Y.r0 F
24. Stress =
–10 11 A
= 2.8 × 10 × 2 × 10 = 56
F Y∆L 1
18. = (Load = F) ⇒ Stress ∝
A L Area
YA Stress2 r12
=
F ⋅∆L =
L Stress1 r22
F  ∆V  0.004
∝A 25.
∆L  − V  = 100
 
more the slope, more will be area.
 ∆V  0.004
19. Force constant = 7 N/m ∆P = K ×  −  = 2100 × 106 ×
 V  100
k or ka = Yr0
= 84 kPa
k
Y= 1 (Stress)2 S2
r0 26. Energy density = × =
2 Y 2Y
7
Y= 27. For volume
3 × 10−10
10
= 2.33 × 10 N/m
2
Stress = ∆P
Y = 2.33 × 1010 N/m2 ∆V

Strain = – ('–' represent decrease in volume)
V
20. Here ∆ = 0
Stress – ∆P
0 = initial length = = B
Strain ∆V
V
f = final length = 20
∆V 1
⇒ ∝
F Y∆ V B
=
A 0
28. For a wire of length L stretched by a length x,
YA( 0 )
F= the restoring elastic force is :
0
x
F = YA F = Y  A
L 
= 2.0 × 1011 × 0.1 × 10–4 = 2 × 106 N
The work required to be done against the elastic
21. Y = 2η(1 + σ) 
restoring forces to elongate it further by a length
  2.4η = 2η ( 1 + σ) dx is,
 σ = 0.2
YA
dW = F.dx = x . dx
∆ 0.1 L
22. ; Area = πr = π × (2 × 10 )
2 –3 2
=
L 100
The total work done in stretching the wire from x
∆ = 0 to x is,
F = YA.
L
YA  x2 
x
YA
10
=9 × 10 × (π × 4 × 10 ) ×
0.1
= 360 π N
–6 =W ∫=
L
x.dx  
L 2
100 0
23. Poission ratio has a range from –1 to 0.5 FA PA A A ρA gh A A A

29. = = =1
FB PB A B ρB gh B A B
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30. d = Density 40. Hydraulic lift, hydraulic jack, hydraulic piston
h = Height of water works on Pascal's law.
A = Base cross sectional area
41. WAPP = W – FB (FB = force of buoyant)
PBottom (pressure due to liquid) = hdg
PTop(pressure due to liquid) = dg(0) = 0 WAPP = Vρg – Vρ1g
PBottom + PTop hdg  ρ 
av. pressure = = =ρ
V g 1 − 1 
2 2  ρ
d  ρ 
h WAPP = W 1 − 1 
 ρ
42. Pascal's law states that the magnitude of pressure

Alternate : Use concept of COM for a uniform
within fluid is equal in all parts.
solid clyinder.
31. Due to upthrust on the block, its apparent wt. 43. Th = WA – WW = 5 – 2 = 3N
will reduce & hence the reading of spring
44. Hydraulic lift, hydraulic jack, hydraulic press
balance A will be less then 2 kg. But since the
liquid in the beaker exerts buoyant force on the works on Pascal's law.
block, the block will also exert reaction force on 45. For wooden block ρ Block < ρ Water
the liquid in the downward direction and the
reading of balance B will increase due to this So FB > Mg, hence it will rise up with an
additional force. constant acceleration.
32. Liquid with low density float over high density.
46. APvP = AQvQ
33. Weight of man = upthrust Mg = Vin ρw g
–2 3
M = (3 × 2 × 1 × 10 ) × 10 = 60 kg v P A Q π × (4 × 10−2 )2 4
or = = = 4
34. Water density = 1000 kg/m
3 v Q A P π × (2 × 10−2 )2 4
3
block density = 981 kg/m or vP = 4 vQ
so it will float with some part immersed in water.
47. Writing equation of continuity for the tube & the
35. When coin is removed the downward force an
block decrease, which will reduce the volume holes
submerged also the removing volume will filled by  Atube vtube = nAhole vhole
water so h ↓.
36. Same density vR 2
πR2 × v = nπr2v'  v' =
nr 2
WA 210
37. RD of metal = = = 7
WA − WW 210 − 180 48. From Bernoulli equation
∴ density of metal = 7 × ρw = 7 g/cm 3
1 2
ρv = ρgh ⇒ v = 2gh = 2 m/s
38. Torr is the unit of pressure. 2
39. In water for floating
from equation of continuity A1v1 = A2v2
W = Th
VρBg = Vinρwg v  1
A2 =  1  × A1 =   × 10−4 = 5 × 10–5 m2
2 2  v2  2
VρBg = V × 1 × g ⇒ ρB = g/cm3
3 3 49. According to Bernoulli's theorem.
in liquid
W = Th (Buoyant force) 1 2
ρv + ρgh + P =const.
2
V
VρBg = × ρLg
4 So if A↓ v↑ and P↓
8 and if A↑ v↓ and P↑
ρL = 4ρB = g/cm
3
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50. Volume flowing per second = Av 59. By equation of continuity
= A 2gh = 10−4 2 × 10 × 5 = 10 m /s
–3 3 A1v1 = A2v2
2 2
1 1 A  r   0.2 
51. P1 + ρv12 = P2 + ρv 22 v2 =  1  v1 =  1  v1 =   × 20
2 2 A
 2 r
 2  0.1 
1 2 = 80 cm/s
(P1 – P2) = ρv 2
2
60. Final velocity is terminal velocity which is
since tap is closed, v1 = 0 independent from 'h'
1 2r 2 (ρ − σ)
(3.5 × 105 – 3 × 105) = × 103 × v2 vT = g
2 9 η
v = 10 m/s
v T′  R 
2 2
′ R
61. vT ∝ r ∴
2
= or v T =   v T ....(1)
52. Dynamic lift = Pressure diff. × Area v T  r  r
= (Plower – Pupper) A
when 2 droplets of radius r coalesce the new
(According to Bernoullis Theorem) radius R of the big drop will be given by
1 1  4 3 4 R
=  ρv 2upper − ρv 2lower  A πR = 2 × πr 3 ⇒ = 21 3 ...(2)
2 2  3 3 r
1 1 from equation (1) and (2)

= ρA ( 2v )2 − v 2  = ρAv 2
2   2 2
v'T = ( 21 3 ) × 5 = 41 3 × 5 cm/sec.
53. AAvA = ABvB
2r 2 (ρ − σ)
62. vT = g
AA π(2R)2 9 η
vB = ×=
vA =
× v 4v
AB πR 2
vT = 0.2 m/s for gold
54. Equation of continuity A1v1 = A2v2
ρ = 19.5 kg/m (gold)
3
Av = constant
σ = 1.5 kg /m
3
πr v = constant
2
r2
From above data we can find value of
1 n
v∝
r2 nd
putting in 2 case for silver
55. Level flight means net vertical force is zero ρ2 = 10.5 kg/m
3
∴ mg = ∆P × A v T = 0.1m / s
4
mg 3 × 10 × 10
∆P= = = 2.5 × 103 Pa 2r 2 (ρ − σ)
A 120 63. vT = g
9 η
= 2.5 kPa
v T2 r22
56. Scent sprayer is based on Bernoulli's theorem. vT ∝ r2 ∴ =
v T1 r12
57. Bernoulli's equation for steady, non-viscous,
2 2
in-compressible flow expresses the conservation r  1
∴ v T= v T1  2 = 20 ×   = 5 cm/s.
of energy. 2
 r1  2
58. Bernoulli's theorem can be seen in dynamic lift to 64. The velocity of falling rain drop attain limited
aeroplane.
value because viscous force exerted by air.
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65. Poise is the unit of viscosity. 2T cos θ
74. h=
rρg
2r 2 (ρ − σ)
66. vT = g
9 η If the radius of capillary is reduced to half, the
2 2 rise of liquid column becomes two times because
v T1  r1  1
vT ∝ r ⇒ =
2
=
  =
2 1: 4 1
v T2  r2    h∝
r
2R 2 (ρ − σ) 2T cos θ
67. vT = g 75. h=
9 η rρg
vT∝R but M∝R
2 3
1 h r h
h∝  2 = 1 h2 = 1
M r h1 r2 2
⇒ vT ∝
R Mass of water = V × ρwater
2 2 ( ρw − ρair ) g h
68. vT = r π(2r)2 × ×ρ
9 η M' 2 w = 2
=
M πr 2 × h × ρ w
 ρair ≈ 0
  M' = 2 M
( )
2
−6 3
2 1.50 × 10 × 10 × 10
76. When water rise upto a height h then mass of
⇒ v T= × −5
9 2 × 10
liquid rise m = (πr2h)ρ
–4
= 2.5 × 10 m/s
 total mass be located at centre of mass.
69. Elastic membrane is formed on the surface of
water due to surface tension. This help's spider & h h
then potential energy U = mg = (πr2Hρ)g
insects to move and run on the surface of water. 2 2
by Zurin law r × h = constnat
70. 2T = mg (soap film has two free surface)
∴ U = constant
−2
mg 1.5 × 10
T= = = 0.025 N/m 2T
2 2 × 0.3 77. = hρg
r
71. ∆ E = 4πR2 T
2T 2 × 75
h= = = 30 cm
D2 rρg  0.1 −1 
 2 × 10  × 1 × 1000
1/3 2
= 4πT [(27) –1] = 2π D T
4  
72. Excess pressure in air bubble just below the water 78. Inside a satellite, water will rise upto the top level
2T but sill not overflow. Radius of curvature (R')
surface. P1 =
r increses in such a way that final height h' is
2T hR
Excess pressure inside a drop P2 = reduced and given by h' = . (It is in
r R'
So P1 = P2 accordance with Zurin's law).

79. When two bubbles coalesce then total number of
73. By conservation of volume
molecules of air will remain same and
3
4 3 4  R  R temperature will also remain constant
πR = n  πr 3  ⇒ n =   ⇒ r= 1/3
3 3  r n
so n1 + n2 = n ⇒ P1V1 + P2V2 = PV
1/3
R=n r
4  4T  4 3  4T 4T  4 3 
⇒  πr13  + πr1  + = πr 
1 ( Pex )big r 1 1 3

 r2  3  r2 r  3 
Pex. ∝ ⇒ = = =
r ( Pex )small R n1/3 2
⇒ r= r12 + r22
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80. Spherical shape of rain-drop is due to surface 88. S.E. = T × 2A
tension which tries to minimize the surface area.
= 5 × 2 × 0.02
2T
81. h= –1
= 2 × 10 J
rρg
1 2T cos θ
⇒h∝ 89. h=
r rρg
2T 2T cos θ
82. h= ⇒ r=
rρg hρg
1
⇒ h ∝  2 × 75 × 10−3 × 1
g =
3 × 10−2 × 103 × 10
g
  at moon g' =
6 = 0.5 × 10–3 m
83. For hemispherical –3
diameter d = 2r = 10 m = 1 mm
90. W = T∆A
W = TA
θC as ∆A = A
r 4T
θC P 91. P1– P2 =
C r
4T 4T 4T
⇒ – =
r1 r2 r
R=r r1 r2
⇒r=
i.e. cosθ = 1 r2 − r1
θ = 0° r1 r2 4×5
as Rcosθ = r r= = cm. = 20 cm.
r2 − r1 5−4
in capillary tube
92. Work done (surface energy) in blowing of a soap
84.
FA concave surface bubble of radius r :
W = T × ∆A or W = T × 2 × 4πr = 8πr T
2 2
FR FC [ soap bubble has two surfaces]

water
glass
E = T × 8π (r
2
2 − r12 )
Liquid rises up for acute angle of contact. = T × 8π (4r2 – r2)
85. Splitting of big drop into smaller droplets. = 24πr2T
In this process area increases, surface energy
93.
increases, internal energy decreases, temperature concave surface
decreases, and energy is absorbed. FA
For reverse process energy is liberated.
2T cos θ
86. h=
FR FC
rρg mercury
T h Tρ 60 0.6 9
h∝ ⇒ 1 = 1 2 = × =
ρ h2 T2 ρ1 50 0.8 10 glass
87. Surface tension of liquid lead, which tries to
A liquid does not wet the sides of a solid, for
minimize the surface area and gives a spherical
shape. obtuse (more than 90°) angle of contact.
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94. Since a soap bubble has two surfaces, excess 99. By conservation of volume
pressure will get doubled as compared to a drop 4 3 4 
πR = n  πr 3 
3 3 
3
R 
P0 ⇒ n= 
r Pi r
P' R
⇒ r = 1/3
n
2T 2T 1/3 1/3
Radius of big drop R' = n .r = 2 .R
Pi – P' = , P' – P0 = ⇒ excess pressure
r r Surface energy before change
4T Surface energy after change
= Pi – P0 =
r n4πR 2 T 2.R 2 1/3
= = 23 2 = 2
95. Inside a freely falling elevator, water will rise upto 2
4πR ' T 2 .R
the top level but still not overflow. Radius of
100.
curvature (R') increses in such a way that final
height h' is reduced and given by h' =

hR
.
P0
R' r Pi
(It is in accordance with Zurin's law). 2T
⇒ excess pressure = Pi–P0 =
96. On liquid force due to surface tension = (2πR) r
TcosθC 2
In equilibrium : force due to S.T = weight of rise 101. W =

D
4π   ( n 3 − 1) T = πD n − 1 T
2
1 2 13
( )
liquid –2 2 –6
= 3.14 × (0.2 × 10 ) (10 – 1) = 7.9 × 10 J
(2πR)TcosθC = mg
102.  r1 < r2 ∴ P1 > P2 Small portion of bubbles
Weight 6.2 × 10−4
T= = is in contact and in equilibrium
2πR 2 × 3.14 × 2 × 10−3
–2
= 5× 10 N/m
97. On liquid force due to surface tension = (2πr) r1 r2
TcosθC
In equilibrium : force due to S.T = weight of rise
liquid
(2πr)TcosθC = mg
2πr.T = weight P1 P2
weight
r=
2πT
6.28 × 10−4
= −2
= 2 × 10–3 m 4T
2 × 3.14 × 5 × 10 ⇒ P1– P2 =
r
98. On liquid force due to surface tension = (2πr)
4T 4T 4T
TcosθC ⇒ – =
r1 r2 r
In equilibrium : force due to S.T = weight of rise
liquid r1 r2
⇒r=
r2 − r1
(2πr)TcosθC = mg
2πr.T = weight 103. On liquid force due to surface tension = (2πR)
TcosθC
weight
2πr = In equilibrium : force due to S.T = weight of rise
T
liquid
75 × 10−4 (2πR)TcosθC = W
=
6 × 10−2 W2 4π(2R)2 T
= = 4 W2 = 4W1 = 4W
= 12.5 × 10–2 m W1 4πR 2 T
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104. 108. Detergent decreases the oil-water surface tension
convex surface
FA and helps in removing dirty greasy stains.
109. (Pex)1 = 2(Pex)2
FR FC
mercury 4T  4T   4T  1
=2   ⇒  =
r1  r2   r2  2
glass 3 3
V1 r  1 1
A liquid does not wet the sides of a solid, for =  1 =   =
V2 r
 2 2
  8
obtuse (more than 90°) angle of contact.
110. For soap film we have two free surface
2T cos θ
105. h =
rρg W = T × 2∆A
2 × 70 × 1 = 3×10–2× 2[4 × 5 – 4 × 4] × 10–4

= = 4 cm
1
× 1 × 980 = 24 × 10 J
–6
28
106. W = T× ∆A
= 20 × 2 [120 – 60] = 2400 erg
107. Work done = 8πTR
2
2
 2  4
= 8π × 60 × 10−3 ×   = 8π × 6 × 10−2 × 2
 10  10
W = 192 π × 10 J
–4
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F/A F F 
1. Y= ⇒ ∆ = = ⇒ ∆ ∝ 2 7. R
∆ /  YA Yπr 2 r
for  = 50 cm & diameter = 0.5 mm,
∆ is maximum Av = constant
VR 2
2. The wettability of a surface by a liquid depends πR 2 V =
nπr 2 v1 ⇒ v1 =
nr 2
primarily on angle of contact between the surface
and the liquid. F
8. Y = ⇒ ∆ =
AY
(I) acute – wet
(II) abtuse – not wet (∆)Steel = (∆)Brass
F WS  WB 
⇒ =
A F AYS AYB
3. Y= ⇒ ∆ =
∆ AY
WS YS 2
 ⇒ = =
WB YB 1
V
But V = A so A = (V = volume)
 9. water will rise upto the top level but will not
2
F overflow. Radius of curvature (R') increases in
Therefore ∆ = ∝ 2
VY such a way that final height h' is reduced and
4. As surface area decreases so energy is released. hR
given by h ' = (It is in accordance with Zurin's
Released energy R'
= 4πR2T[n1/3–1] where R = n1/3r law)
1 1  1 1  10. Pressure = 150 mm Hg
= 4πR3T  r − R  = 3VT  r − R 
   
5. As we know dV 5 × 10−3
=
Pumping rate = m3/s
P dt 60
B=
∆V
dV dV
V Power of heart = P. = ρgh ×
dt dt
∆V P
so =
V B 3 3 5 × 10−3
= (13.6 × 10 kg/m ) (10) × (0.15) ×
1 60
Now P = ρgh & compressibility 'C' =
B
∆V 13.6 × 5 × 0.15
so = ρgh ( C ) = = 1.70 watt
V 6
3 –11
= 10 × 9.8 × 2700 × 45.4 × 10 11. Weight of cylinder = Upthurst by the two liquids
–2
= 1.201 × 10
6. By Bernaulli's equation d
ρ (1–p)L
Pin=P0 nρ pL
Vin=
1 2 L A d g = (pL) A (nρ)g + (1 – p) L A ρ g
P+ ρv = P0 + 0
2
1 ⇒ d = (1 – p)ρ + pn ρ = [1 + (n – 1)p]ρ
P0 − P = ρv 2
2 12. W = T(2∆A) { ∆A = (20 – 8) cm }
2
1 2
F= ρv A 3 × 10−4
2 ⇒ T
= = 0.125 Nm −1
2 × 12 × 10−4
F = 2.4 × 105 N upward
134
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Pre-Medical
–6 1/2
2T cos θ = (2 × 10 ) (2 × 10 × 2)
13. h=
ρgr
–6 3
= 4 10 × 10 m /s
cos θ ≅ 12.6 × 10–6 m3/s
As r, h, T are same, = constant r2
ρ r1
cos θ1 cos θ2 cos θ3 21.
⇒ = =
ρ1 ρ2 ρ3 ρ1 ρ2
As ρ1 > ρ2 > ρ3 2
2r (σ − ρ)g
vT =
⇒ cos θ1 > cos θ2 > cos θ3 ⇒ θ1 < θ2 < θ3 9η
As water rises so θ must be acute 2
v1  r1  (σ1 − ρ)
So, 0 ≤ θ1 < θ2 < θ3 < π/2 = 
v 2  r2  (σ2 − ρ)
∆P ∆V 3∆R
14. B= , = 2
 1   8ρ − 0.1ρ2  79
∆V V R =    2  =
−
V  2   ρ2 − 0.1 ρ2  36
∆P ∆R P 22. ρoil hoil = ρwater hwater
B= ⇒ − = (∆P = P) 1000 (15)
− 3∆R R 3B ⇒ ρoil = = 750 kg m–3
R 20
m r m 2r
15. ρ0g × 140 × 10–3 = ρwg × 130 × 10–3 24. m∝r⇒ 2= 2 ⇒ 2= ⇒ m2 = 10 g
m1 r1 5 r
130
=
ρ0 × 103 ≈ 928 kg/m3 FL MgL
140 25. Y= =
A∆L A(L1 − L)
16. Rate of heat produced
dQ 2r 2 26. When angle of contact ≥ 90° then liquid doesn't
= Fv × v T  =
vT (ρ − σ)g ∝ r 2
dt 9η wet solid.
= 6πηrvT × vT 27.76 cm × ρHg × g = h × ρL × g
dQ ρHg 13600
⇒ ∝ rv 2T ∝ r 5 =h 76 cm ×= 76 cm × = 13.6 m
dt ρL 760
F V 28. Mass = M
17. Y=  V = A so  =
A∆ A Density of ball = d FB
Fv
YA∆ YA ∆ 2 d
=
So F = ∝ A2 Density of glycerine =
 V 2
d
F1  A1 
2
F  A  1
2
FB = Vs ρg = V g
= ⇒
 = =  ⇒ F2 = 9F 2 Mg
F2  A 2  F2  3A  9 Fg = Mg = vdg
18. P = P0 + ρgZ0 .........(i) for constant velocity, Fnet = 0
4T ∴ FB + Fv = Mg
Also, P = P0 + .........(ii)
R
From (i) & (ii) Vdg Vdg Mg
Fv = Mg – FB = Vdg – = =
4T 2 2 2
ρgZ0 = 29. When bubbles coalesce under isothermal
R
4T 4 × 2.5 × 10−2 conditions
∴ Z0 = = 3
ρgR 10 × 10 × 10−3 P1V1 + P2V2 = PfVf
–2
= 10 m = 1 cm  4T   4 3   4T   4 3 
1  r   3 πr1  +  r   3 πr2 
19. U = (force)(elongation) 1 2
2
1 1  4T   4 3 
= = =  πr 
2
(Mg)
2
Mg  r   3 
20. velocity of efflux v = 2gh r12 + r22 = r2
volume flow rate = Av = A 2gh r = (r12 + r22)1/2
135
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Pre-Medical
30. Time taken to empty the full tank 34. Viscosity of liquid decreases with increase of
A 2H temp.
t1 =
a g 35. By using Bernoullis equation
Time taken to empty half-filled tank 1 2
p+ ρv + ρgh = constant
A 2(H / 2) 2
t2 =
a g 36. 8πT(r22 − r12 )
Work done =
t1 20 2 = 8πT (4r2 – r2) = 24 πr2T

= 2 ⇒ = 2
t2 t2
37. Pressure depends on height above base only
⇒ t2 = 20 min.
which is same for two vessels.
31. Initially speed is zero, then increases & after
38. F=6πηrv
some time it becomes constant.
Acceleration (slope of v/t curve) of ball first = 6 × 3.14 × 0.9 × 5 × 10–3 × 10 × 10–2
decreases and after some time it becomes zero. –5
= 847.8 × 10 N
4T –3
= 8.48 × 10 N
32. = P0 +
P
R
⇒ R increases and P decreases
33. In stretching of a spring shape charges therefore
shear modulus is used.
Ycopper < Ysteel
136
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Pre-Medical

stress Stress 7. W + FV = Th
1. Y= =
strain extension / initial length
FV = Th – W
4000 ×103 but σ = 4ρ (density of liquid is 4 times as that of

= = 2 × 109 N/m2
2 × 10−3 / 1 the material)
FL YA∆ YA 2 ∆ ∴ FV = V(4ρ)g – Vρg

2. Y= ⇒F= =
A∆ L Volume
Fv
or Fv = 3Vρg = 3W ∴ = 3 :1
2 W
F1  A1 
⇒F∝A ⇒
2
= 
F2  A 2  2 r 2 (ρ − σ )
8. vT =
9 η
2
F  A 
⇒ =  ⇒ F2 = 9F
F2  3A  v1 (ρ − σ1 )η2
=
v 2 (ρ − σ2 )η1
3. (F)vertical surface = Fbottom
V1 [ρ − σ gly ]ηwater
2 v2 =
 hρg  d πd [ρ − σ water ] ηgly
 2  × 2π 2 h = hρg × 4
 
v2 = 6.25 × 10–4 cm/s
d
h= 9. If more air is pushed in a soap bubble, its radius
2
will increase which decrease pressure in it.
4. In floating condition
 4T 
P= Pout +
W = Th r 
In

Let V1 volume immersed in lower liquid then
10. Excess pressure inside a bubble is
Vρg = (V–V1)ρ1g + V1ρ2g
V(ρ – ρ1) = V1(ρ2 – ρ1)
V1 ρ − ρ1 ρ −ρ
= = 1 R2
V ρ2 − ρ1 ρ1 − ρ2 2
(R2>R1) R1
5. In floating condition W = Th
4T
PEx =
VρBg = VinρLg + VinρLg r
A   A 3L  A L 1
 5 L  ρB g =  5 × 4  dg +  5 × 4  × 2dg PEx ∝
      r
r1 < r2
5d
⇒ ρB =
4 So, (P1 > P2)
6. From the height H, at water surface due to 11. Y = 3K (1 – 2σ) = 3 × 1010 (1 – 2 × 0.2)
gravity particle will gain some velocity. Then in 10

Y = 1.8 × 10 N/m
2
liquid due to viscous force velocity will ↓ and Force constant k = Y.r0
becomes constant at last. 10 –10
= 1.8 × 10 × 3 × 10 = 5.4 N/m
So, graph will be C
137
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Pre-Medical
PV
12.  Volume = constant K= = ∞
∆V
h
(50+h) cm
Final condition
50 cm
Y = 3K (1 – 2σ) Oil 25
Initial
25 condition
Y
⇒ 1 – 2σ = =0 A B
3K Water
1
⇒ σ=
2
PA = PB
13. Using isothermal condition T1 = T2

ρohog = ρwater hwaterg
P1V1 = P2V2 ⇒
0.8 (50 + h) = 1 × 50 or h = 12.5 cm
(hρg + Patm)V = Patm × 8V

17. The pressure at any level is the same in both
(1000 gh + 1000 gH) = (1000 gH)8 arms of the U-tube. That is the pressure at the
h = 7H interface sides are the same.
i.e. P1 = P2
14. (M + 200)g = Vρwg
or ρoil g(d +  ) =ρwater g
or M + 200 = a3 × 1
ρoil × 9.8 × (0.0125 + 0.135)= 1000 × 9.8 × 0.135
3
or M = a – 200 .....(i)
1000 × 9.8 × 0.135

When 200 g mass is removed. ∴ ρoil =
9.8 × (0.0125 + 0.135)
Mg = Vin ρwg
135
= 915 kg/m
3
=
0.1475
M = a2(a – 2) = a3 – 2a2 ....(ii)
∆P (3 − 1) × 105
from equation (i) & (ii) 18. h= = = 20 m
ρg 103 × 10
3 3 2
a – 200 = a – 2a or a = 10 cm
( Pressure diff. between bottom & top of tank
15. Net horizontal force = Avg. pressure × Area

= 3 atm – 1 atm)
ρgh h2 σρg
= × σh = v= 2gh = 2 × 10 × 20 =400 ms
–1
2 2
16. Pressure due (50 + h) cm of oil = Pressure due to
50 cm of water
138
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Pre-Medical
19. According to equation of continuity 23. Surface tension becomes zero at boiling point.
A1v1 = A2v2 2T cos θ  1 1 

24. h=  − 
A1 v1 4 × 10−4 × 5 5 ρg  r1 r2 
or=
v2 = = m/s
A2 8 × 10−4 2
2 × 70 × 1  1 1 
= −
According to Bernoulli's theorem 1 × 980  0.1 .25 

1 2 1 = 0.84 cm
P1 + ρgh1 + ρv1= P2 + ρgh2 + ρv 22
2 2
25. Let h be the height through which the liquid rises
1 in the capillary tube of radius r.
P2= P1 + ρg(h1 − h2 ) + ρ(v12 − v 22 )
2
2T cos θ

∴ h=
5 
2
1 rρg
= 1.5 × 105 + 103 × 10 × 10 + × 103 ×  52 −   
2  2 
Mass of the water in the first tube is
5
= 2.6 × 10 Pa
 2T cos θ 
m = πr 2 hρ = πr 2 ×  ×ρ
2 ( ρ − ρw ) g  rρg 
20. vT = r 2 A
9 η
πr2T cos θ
= ⇒m∝r
2 (2.7 × 10 3 3
− 10 × 10) g
( )
2
= × 10−3 ×
9 8 × 10−4
m ' r ' 2r
∴ = = = 2 or m' = 2m =2× 5g =10 g.
= 4.6 ms
–1
m r r
4T
21. hwater ρwater g =
R
T=
( 6 × 10 ) × 1 × 980 × (8 × 10
−1 −1
)
= 117.6
4
2T
22 Pinside = Patm+
R
2 × 70 × 10−3
= 1.013 × 105 + Pa
1 × 10−3
5
= 1.013 × 10 +140 Pa
5 5
= 1.013 × 10 + 0.0014 × 10 Pa
5
= 1.0144 × 10 Pa
139

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Physics : Hints and Solutions ®

 WORK, POWER & ENERGY

 PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND FLUID MECHANICS

F(N) 2. For (A) : p = 2mK if K ↑ then p ↑

10 A B For (B) : Its height may ↑ or ↓

⇒ Kf = 2.25 Ki 5. WC + Wnc + Wext = ∆K

∆K Kf − Ki mgh – f.s + 0 = 0 ⇒ mgh – µmg.s = 0

1 mgh ( 30 × 1000 ) × 9.8 × 40

Using law of conservation of mechanical energy 30 × 1000 × 9.8 × 40

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

Mg 15. Work will be zero as force is perpendicular to

= 11iˆ + 11jˆ – 3kˆ

−12A ( −6)B 6  −2A 

Work done by gravitational force   ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ ∂U 

52. Work done in stretching a spring  20y  ˆ  20x  ˆ 20xy ˆ

where k is the spring constant and x is the

Divide (ii) by (i), we get 4h

Extra work done = W2 – W1 = 4W1 – W1 1 1

Power 100 × 750 68. Force against which work done is

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

∴ Work done against friction = 300 – 200 = By total energy conservation

100J. ∴ 20 J loss by friction

just before hitting earth both F and v are

maximum and angle between them 0°.

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

a = µg [as f = µmg] (3, 0)

4. P = F.v = ma.v =  x 3 + 4y  (2, 3) = 33 + 4 × 0 – (23 + 4 × 3)

This reduces velocity.

∴ v = (4) + 2 × (–2) = (16 – 4) = 12

since θ = is very small

 ∴ fmax = µsN→ maximum for B

4. (a) vD = vC – 2gR = 5gR

(c) by energy conservation between point A & C

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

– Magnitude of velocity is constant but the v2 r2 ω2

31. T = mω2r mv '2 m(2v)2

Tmax – Tmin = 6mg

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

So, vinitial = = 1 m/s 

 1  using equation v = u + at, for t = 1

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

Mass of area of cutting part

(1 × 80)2 1 1  37. 50 × 10 = 1000 × v

M kd2 d 38. mv = (M + m)vƒ

PQ + R(0) = (P + R)V Let v1,v2,v3....... be the velocities immediately

V = PQ/(P + R) after first, second, third ...... collisions with the

putting (4) in (1) 40. By COLM

34. 'e' is unit less 1 1 1

43. 54. e2h

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

6. Since Fext = 0 So total distance travelled by both=12R–3R=9R

4 = 2 × 1.4 + 0.01 v2 ⇒ v2 = 120 m/s 2 2 2  9  3

M(0,0) M(2,0 23. m v1

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

4. Max. compression happen when both have same 8. y

motion is rotation with uniform angular (b) (i)  ω2 = ω20 + 2αθ

Initial angular velocity = ω0 = b = 1.0 rad/s

1 2 (ii) distance covered during braking

m3 5. Net force on rod Fnet = 0

6. When sand is poured on a rotating disc its 1 2

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

Increasing angle causes equilibrium.